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Tinasi ALSN, Silveira CPB, Honsho CS, Laus JL, Aldrovani M. Birefringence analysis of collagen supraorganization in cat corneas with tropical keratopathy. Vet Ophthalmol 2023; 26:398-406. [PMID: 37335898 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the birefringent properties of the cornea and examine the supraorganizational aspects of collagen fibers in cats with tropical keratopathy. PROCEDURE In this study, 10-micrometer-thick sections of corneal tissue from cats with tropical keratopathy were examined, both in the opaque and transparent areas of the anterior stroma. Control samples were obtained from healthy cat corneas. Polarized light microscopy was employed to evaluate the birefringent properties using two distinct methods. The first method involved measuring the optical retardation associated with corneal birefringence, while the second method assessed the alignment/waviness of the birefringent collagen fibers. Differences were significant when p < .05. RESULTS Tropical keratopathy resulted in a significant rise (p < .05) in optical retardation in both opaque and transparent regions of the cat cornea. In the anterior stroma, both the opaque zones and transparent tissue exhibited a higher degree of collagen fiber packing than the control corneas. However, no significant differences (p > .05) in alignment were observed between the transparent tissue of the diseased cornea and the healthy corneas. CONCLUSION Supraorganizational changes in collagen fiber packing are not restricted to lesion zones in cat corneas affected by tropical keratopathy. Such alterations also occur in the corneal tissue of the anterior stroma adjoining the lesions. Therefore, it is plausible that the transparent tissue of the anterior stroma in corneas affected by the disease may have functional abnormalities, despite its macroscopic healthy appearance. Additional investigations are required to clarify the implications of these potential defects and their conceivable contribution to tropical keratopathy.
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Pelógia ME, Cerqueira ES, Silveira CP, Rolim GS, Fechis AD, Rocha TA, Laus JL, Oliveira FS. Suture and venous traction test analysis in dogs fixed in alcohol and preserved in saline solution. Pesq Vet Bras 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to determine in necropsied dogs the best time for fixation in ethylic alcohol (EA) and preservation in 30% sodium chloride aqueous solution (SCAS 30%), aiming micro-surgical training. Five groups of necropsied dogs (G1 to G5) were fixed with EA, and put in boxes containing EA for 30 (G2), 60 (G3), 90 (G4) or 120 days (G5). After that, each group was preserved in SCAS 30% for 120 days. The control group (G1) was composed by cadavers without fixation/preservation. At the end of each period, two fragments of external jugular vein per cadaver were collected, for traction test. Immediately after the collection, the cadavers femoral veins were evaluated (by 2 people) regarding the suture quality in binocular surgical microscope, and attributed scores from 0 (bad) to 5 (excellent), regarding the fresh samples. The average at the maximum rupture strength of the G3 fixation end (21.51N), such as the average of the G2 preserving end (21.62N) remained closer to the control group (19.98N) and the G2 was the group with the best score for venous suture training. The EA was efficient as a fixative just like SCAS as a dog cadavers’ preservative. The small change of the traction test values, together with the best suture score, indicated the group kept for 30 days in EA and SCAS (G2) as the best for venous micro-surgical training.
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Lacerda LCC, de Souza-Pollo A, Padua IRM, Conceição LF, da Silveira CPB, Silva GA, Maluta RP, Laus JL. Molecular characterization and potential sources of aqueous humor bacterial contamination during phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in dogs. Vet Microbiol 2017; 213:95-101. [PMID: 29292010 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial contamination of the anterior chamber during cataract surgery is one of the main responsible for endophthalmitis postoperative. Phacoemulsification is a less invasive technique for cataract treatment, although it does not exclude the possibility of contamination. In this study, bacterial contaminants of aqueous humor collected pre- and post-phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation (IOL) of twenty dogs were identified. As the conjunctival microbiota constitute a significant source of anterior chamber contamination, bacterial isolates from aqueous humor were genetically compared with those present in the conjunctival surface of the patients. Three dogs presented bacterial growth in both aqueous humor and conjunctival surface samples. Bacterial isolates from these samples were grouped according to their genetic profiles by repetitive-element PCR (rep-PCR) and their representatives were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Isolates from conjunctival surface were identified as Enterobacter spp., Staphylococcus spp. and S. aureus; and from aqueous humor samples as Enterobacter spp., Pantoea spp., Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp., respectively in decreasing order of prevalence. According to the rep-PCR analysis, 16.6% of Enterobacter spp. isolates from conjunctival surface were genetically similar to those from aqueous humor. The rest of isolates encountered in aqueous humor were genetically distinct from those of conjunctival surface. The significant genetic diversity of bacterial isolates found in the aqueous humor samples after surgery denoted the possibility of anterior chamber contamination during phacoemulsification by bacteria not only from conjunctival surface but also from different sources related to surgical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana C C Lacerda
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, São Paulo State University-FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza-Pollo
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University-FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivan Ricardo M Padua
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, São Paulo State University-FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano F Conceição
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, São Paulo State University-FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Germana A Silva
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, São Paulo State University-FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato P Maluta
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José L Laus
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, São Paulo State University-FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zanoni DS, Da Silva GA, Ezra‐Elia R, Carvalho M, Quitzan JG, Ofri R, Laus JL, Laufer‐Amorim R. Histological, morphometric, protein and gene expression analyses of rat retinas with ischaemia-reperfusion injury model treated with sildenafil citrate. Int J Exp Pathol 2017; 98:147-157. [PMID: 28849621 PMCID: PMC5573770 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to better understand the role of apoptosis in a retinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury model and to determine whether sildenafil citrate treatment can prevent retinal cell apoptosis. Thirty-six rats were divided into a control group (n = 6) and two experimentally induced ischaemia-reperfusion groups (7 and 21 days; n = 15 per group). The induced ischaemia-reperfusion groups were treated with sildenafil for 7 and 21 days (n = 10 per group), and 10 animals were treated with a placebo for the same period (n = 5 per group). Paracentesis of the anterior chamber was performed with a 30-G needle attached to a saline solution (0.9%) bag positioned at a height of 150 cm above the eye for 60 min. Intraocular pressure was measured by rebound tonometer (TonoVet® ). The eyes were analysed by histology and morphometry, and by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR for expression of Caspase-7, Caspase-6, Caspase-9, Tnf-r2, Fas-l, Bcl-2 and Bax. Sildenafil-treated animals showed lower levels of histopathological changes (inflammatory, cellular and tissue) than their placebo-treated counterparts at both 7 and 21 days. The retinal ganglion cell layer (RGC) was preserved in the sildenafil groups (SG), with a cell count closer to control than in the placebo groups (PG). Caspase-7 expression was significantly higher in both treated groups at 7 days compared to controls. Gene expression levels in both treatment groups differed from the controls, but in SG Bax and Caspase-6 expression levels were similar to control animals. These results suggest that the main mechanism of retinal cell death in this model is apoptosis, as there is an increase in pro-apoptotic factors and decrease in the anti-apoptotic ones. Also, sildenafil seems to protect the retinal ganglion cell layer from apoptosis. Cell survival was evident in the histological and morphometric analyses, and sildenafil treatment had a protective effect in the apoptosis pathways, with gene expression levels in SG similar to the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo S. Zanoni
- Department of Veterinary ClinicSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceUniversity Estadual PaulistaBotucatuSPBrazil
| | - Germana A. Da Silva
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and SurgerySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceUniversity Estadual PaulistaJaboticabalSPBrazil
| | - Raaya Ezra‐Elia
- Koret School of Veterinary MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemIsrael
| | - Márcio Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary ClinicSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceUniversity Estadual PaulistaBotucatuSPBrazil
| | - Juliany G. Quitzan
- Department of Surgery and AnesthesiologySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceUniversity Estadual PaulistaBotucatuSPBrazil
| | - Ron Ofri
- Koret School of Veterinary MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemIsrael
| | - José L. Laus
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and SurgerySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceUniversity Estadual PaulistaJaboticabalSPBrazil
| | - Renee Laufer‐Amorim
- Department of Veterinary ClinicSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceUniversity Estadual PaulistaBotucatuSPBrazil
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Balthazar da Silveira CP, Lima TB, Crivelaro RM, de Lacerda LCC, Pádua IRM, Renzo R, de Barros Sobrinho AAF, Oliveira FS, Aldrovani M, Laus JL. Ophthalmic parameters in adult lowland paca (Cuniculus paca) raised in captivity. Vet Ophthalmol 2017; 21:42-47. [PMID: 28480600 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the ophthalmic parameters of lowland pacas, including the anatomic features, tear production, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, and morphology of the corneal endothelium. ANIMALS STUDIED Thirteen adult, anesthetized Cuniculus paca. PROCEDURE Eyes were evaluated using slit-lamp biomicroscopy, the Schirmer tear test I, digital applanation tonometry, binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy, and noncontact specular microscopy. RESULTS The biomicroscopy findings showed blue/brown pigmented bulbar conjunctivae, well-developed cilia (only in the upper eyelid margin), superior and inferior lacrimal puncta, brown irides, round pupils, and vestiges of the nictitating membrane. The results of the Schirmer tear test I revealed (mean ± SD) a lacrimation rate of 4.10 ± 0.44 mm/min. The intraocular pressure was 6.34 ± 0.43 mmHg. Central corneal thickness measured by specular microscopy was 0.35 ± 0.01 mm. The mean values of density, hexagonality, and the area of the endothelial cells were 2083.15 ± 42.47 cells/mm2 , 67.07 ± 3.30%, and 486.30 ± 9.56 μm2 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS The ocular parameters defined in this study may be used for reference in future studies and might also contribute to therapeutic approaches appropriate to this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila P Balthazar da Silveira
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago B Lima
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta M Crivelaro
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana C C de Lacerda
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivan R M Pádua
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Renzo
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A F de Barros Sobrinho
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabrício S Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Aldrovani
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - José L Laus
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Valdetaro GP, Aldrovani M, Padua IRM, Cristovam PC, Gomes JAP, Laus JL. Supra-organization and optical anisotropies of the extracellular matrix in the amniotic membrane and limbal stroma before and after explant culture. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:4982-4994. [PMID: 28018719 PMCID: PMC5175546 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this research we evaluated the supramolecular organizations and the optical anisotropical properties of the de-epithelialized human amniotic membrane and rabbit limbal stroma, before and after explant culture. Birefringence, monochromatic light spectral absorption and linear dichroism of the main extracellular matrix biopolymers, that is, the fibrillar collagens and proteoglycans, were investigated by polarized light microscopy combined with image analysis. Our results demonstrated that the culture procedure-induced stimuli altered the supra-organizational characteristics (in terms of collagens/proteoglycans spatial orientation and ordered-aggregational state) of the amniotic and limbal extracellular matrix, which led to changes in optical anisotropical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele P. Valdetaro
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Aldrovani
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivan R. M. Padua
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila C. Cristovam
- Ocular Surface Advanced Center, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP São Paulo, 04039-002, SP, Brazil
| | - José A. P. Gomes
- Ocular Surface Advanced Center, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP São Paulo, 04039-002, SP, Brazil
| | - José L. Laus
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil
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Trujillo Piso DY, Ribeiro AP, Silva ML, Guimarães PJ, Morales A, Martins BC, Padua IM, Renzo R, Andrade AL, Uscátegui RR, Laus JL. Effects of antiproteolytic agents on corneal epithelial viability and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and metalloproteinase-9 activity in alkali-burned corneas of rats. Vet Ophthalmol 2013; 17:23-31. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dunia Y. Trujillo Piso
- Departament of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine; Sao Paulo State University; Jaboticabal SP Brazil
| | - Alexandre P. Ribeiro
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, College of Agronomy, Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences; Federal University of Mato Grosso; Cuiabá MT Brazil
| | - Miguel L. Silva
- Departament of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine; Sao Paulo State University; Jaboticabal SP Brazil
| | - Patrícia J. Guimarães
- Departament of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine; Sao Paulo State University; Jaboticabal SP Brazil
| | - Adriana Morales
- Departament of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine; Sao Paulo State University; Jaboticabal SP Brazil
| | - Bianca C. Martins
- Departament of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine; Sao Paulo State University; Jaboticabal SP Brazil
| | - Ivan M. Padua
- Departament of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine; Sao Paulo State University; Jaboticabal SP Brazil
| | - Roberta Renzo
- Departament of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine; Sao Paulo State University; Jaboticabal SP Brazil
| | - Alexandre L. Andrade
- Department of Clinic, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine; Sao Paulo State University; Araçatuba SP Brazil
| | - Ricardo R. Uscátegui
- Departament of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine; Sao Paulo State University; Jaboticabal SP Brazil
| | - José L. Laus
- Departament of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine; Sao Paulo State University; Jaboticabal SP Brazil
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Martins BC, Brooks DE, Plummer CE, Samuelson DA, Mangan BG, Laus JL. Light microscopic evaluation and scanning electron microscopic analysis of horse eyes following deep anterior lamellar keratectomy. Vet Ophthalmol 2012; 16 Suppl 1:42-51. [PMID: 23067333 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2012.01071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the technique of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) with Descemet's membrane (DM) exposure in horse eyes. Also, to compare the efficacy and safety of viscodissection and big-bubble techniques for DALK. ANIMALS STUDIED Thirty-four ex vivo horse eyes. PROCEDURE Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty was performed in 34 ex vivo horse eyes. Two groups (Group V--viscodissection--2% sodium hyaluronate; Group A--air--big-bubble) of 17 eyes were studied. Other than the substance used, the surgical technique was similar for both groups. Nonperforated eyes were submitted for light microscopic histologic evaluation and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. RESULTS Group V--Perforations occurred in 18% of the eyes during surgery. Light microscopy revealed exposure of DM in 28% of the eyes with mean thickness of the remaining stroma being 70.4 μm. Group A--Perforations occurred in 42% of the eyes. Light microscopy revealed exposure of DM in 60% of the eyes with mean thickness of the remaining stroma being 23.3 μm. No significant differences in safety, efficacy and thickness of the remaining stroma (including all eyes or excluding those with DM exposure) were observed. SEM of the surgical site revealed a more even surface in those eyes with DM exposure compared to eyes with thicker remaining stroma in both groups. CONCLUSIONs We describe two DALK techniques (viscodissection and big-bubble) for use in horses. No significant differences in safety, efficacy and thickness of the remaining stroma were observed. However, a nonsignificant trend toward the big-bubble technique being more efficacious but less safe was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C Martins
- College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Departments of Small and Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Ribeiro AP, Silva ML, Araújo RL, Ferrucci DL, Mineo T, Thiesen R, Bandarra MB, Laus JL. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases, type IV collagen, and interleukin-10 in rabbits treated with morphine after lamellar keratectomy. Vet Ophthalmol 2011; 15:153-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00954.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rached PA, Canola JC, Schlüter C, Laus JL, Oechtering G, de Almeida DE, Ludewig E. Computed tomographic-dacryocystography (CT-DCG) of the normal canine nasolacrimal drainage system with three-dimensional reconstruction. Vet Ophthalmol 2011; 14:174-9. [PMID: 21521441 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2010.00861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the study were (1) to quantify the influence of selected imaging parameters on the image quality (slice thickness, mAs, and beam orientation) defining optimal conditions for scan protocols and (2) to evaluate the benefits of the 3D reconstruction techniques for visualization of NDS structures in dogs. CT-DCG was performed bilaterally in 32 heads of dogs. CT transverse images were obtained using a combination of two slice thickness values (0.8 mm and 2 mm) and two mAs values (50 mAs and 300 mAs). Two beam projection orientations were also tested: transverse plane (perpendicular to the hard palate) and oblique to the hard palate. Three-dimensional images were obtained using Volume Rendering (VR). Transverse beam projection proved to be superior for the assessment of the inferior and superior lacrimal canaliculi and lacrimal sac. In this study, there was no statistical difference regarding mAs values (50 mAs and 300 mAs) and slice thickness values (0.8 mm and 2 mm). Three-dimensional images were helpful for the assessment of topographic relationship between nasolacrimal structures and cranial landmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A Rached
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
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Franzen AA, Pigatto JAT, Abib FC, Albuquerque L, Laus JL. Use of specular microscopy to determine corneal endothelial cell morphology and morphometry in enucleated cat eyes. Vet Ophthalmol 2010; 13:222-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2010.00787.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Martins BC, Rodrigues Jr EF, Souza AL, Almeida DE, Brito FL, Canola JC, Brooks D, Laus JL. A and B mode ultrasonography in preoperative evaluation of lens and posterior segment of dogs eyes with cataract. Pesq Vet Bras 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2010000200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasonography of the lens and posterior segment is an indispensable step in the preoperative evaluation of dogs with cataracts, since ophthalmoscopy is not feasible when there is opacification of the lens. This study evaluated the echographic conditions of cataractous lens and fundus of the eye in dogs affected by cataracts. The study was conducted in 30 dogs (56 eyes), 10 males and 20 females, with different types of cataracts at different stages of development. Echography in A and B modes, simultaneously, was carried out for the examination of the lens and posterior segment. The examinations revealed anterior cortical, posterior cortical and nuclear cataract in 12 eyes (21.4%), anterior cortical, posterior cortical, nuclear and posterior capsular in 23 eyes (41%), anterior cortical, posterior cortical and posterior capsular cataract in one eye (1.7%), anterior cortical and nuclear cataract in one eye (1.7%), anterior cortical, nuclear and posterior capsular cataract in five eyes (8.9%), and anterior cortical cataract in seven eyes (12.5%). Abnormal ultrasonographic alterations were observed in the posterior segment in 26 eyes evaluated (46.4%). Vitreal degeneration was detected in 12 eyes (21.4%), images of vitreal exudate or hemorrhage in seven eyes (12.5%), persistence of hyaloid artery in four eyes (7.1%) and lens subluxation in three eyes (5.3%). The results obtained reiterate the importance of ultrasonography in canine patients presented for cataract surgery given that alterations of the posterior segment are difficult to identify in a clinical examination when the lens is opacified.
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de Almeida DE, Roveratti C, Brito FLC, Godoy GS, Duque JCM, Bechara GH, Laus JL. Conjunctival effects of canine distemper virus-induced keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Vet Ophthalmol 2009; 12:211-5. [PMID: 19604335 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2009.00699.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compared the histopathology of canine distemper virus (CDV)-induced keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) to non-infectious KCS in conjunctival tissues. ANIMALS STUDIED Forty mongrel dogs were assigned to three distinct groups: (i) non-infectious KCS (G1, n = 10), (ii) CDV-induced KCS (G2, n = 20), and (iii) healthy animals without any ocular alterations (G3, n = 10). PROCEDURE IgG titers and physical and ophthalmic examinations (e.g. Schirmer tear test [STT], tonometry, biomicroscopy, indirect biomicroscopy, and fluorescein test) were performed on all dogs. Conjunctival biopsies were collected and examined microscopically. RESULTS Non-infectious and CDV-induced KCS demonstrated similar histopathological changes. Both types of KCS correlated with low STT, conjunctival hyperemia, mucopurulent ocular discharge, predominant lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, and acantholysis and keratinization of the ocular surface. G1 had lower conjunctival goblet cell counts than G3. Inclusion bodies were sporadically found in conjunctival samples of dogs from G2. The severity of ocular lesions in G1 and G2 did not correlate with the histopathological findings. CONCLUSIONS Dogs with non-infectious and CDV-induced KCS had very similar conjunctival histopathology. Our findings suggest that the pathophysiology of CDV-induced KCS is likely to be the same as non-infectious KCS, that is, a result of lacrimal deficiency and inflammation of the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denize E de Almeida
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Ribeiro AP, Silva ML, Rosa JP, Souza SF, Teixeira IAMA, Laus JL. Ultrasonographic and echobiometric findings in the eyes of Saanen goats of different ages. Vet Ophthalmol 2009; 12:313-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2009.00719.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pigatto JA, Cerva C, Freire CD, Abib FC, Bellini LP, Barros PS, Laus JL. Morphological analysis of the corneal endothelium in eyes of dogs using specular microscopy. Pesq Vet Bras 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2008000900006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Both healthy eyes of 10 six-year-old male and female mongrel dogs were studied. With a contact specular microscope the corneal endothelium was examined. Endothelial cells were analyzed in the central and peripheral cornea. Morphological analysis with regard to polymegathism and pleomorphism was performed. Three images of each region with at least 100 cells were obtained. The analysis showed that polygonal cells formed a mosaic-like pattern uniform in size and shape. The predominant number of cells was hexagonal. The polymegathism index was 0.22. The study demonstrates that the morphology of the normal corneal endothelial cells of dogs is similar to that found in the human cornea.
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Almeida DE, Nishimori CT, Oriá AP, Paula DP, Nunes N, Laus JL. Effects of nitrous oxide on IOP and pupillary diameter in dogs anesthetized with varying concentrations of desflurane. Vet Ophthalmol 2008; 11:170-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2008.00616.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Oriá AP, Dórea FA, Machado RZ, Santana ÁE, Guerra JL, Silva VLDD, Bedford PGC, Laus JL. Ophthalmic, hematologic and serologic findings in dogs with suspected Ehrlichia canis infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.4322/rbcv.2014.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ocular conjunctivas of healthy dogs were studied by conjunctival impression cytology for evaluation of feasibility, protocol standardization, and normal cytologic pattern recognition of this technique. ANIMALS STUDIED Twenty healthy, adult, cross-breed dogs. PROCEDURES Samples of the bulbar conjunctiva were collected after instillation of topical anesthetic drops at the ocular surface. Impression cytology was performed by applying asymmetric strips of Millipore filter on the superior temporal bulbar conjunctiva near the limbus. The filter strip was gently pressed against the conjunctiva for 5 s and removed with a peeling motion. Samples were immediately fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol, stained with periodic acid-Schiff and hematoxylin, and mounted on slides cover-slipped using synthetic resin. The slides were examined by light microscopy. RESULTS Microscopic examination of the impressions revealed superficial, intermediate and basal epithelial cells arranged in sheets. Keratinized epithelial cells, goblet cells and leukocytes, as well as cellular debris and mucus were observed. CONCLUSIONS Feasibility of impression cytology for sampling the bulbar conjunctiva of the dog and the standardization the the proposed protocol was shown. The results allowed the recognition the the normal cytologic pattern of healthy conjunctivas in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline A Bolzan
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias-UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Oriá AP, Neto FAD, Laus JL, Dos Santos LA, Piza ET, Brunelli AT, Nishimori CT, de Souza ALG. Evaluation of a double-setting alpha-tricalcium phosphate cement in eviscerated rabbit eyes. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2006; 22:126-30. [PMID: 16550058 DOI: 10.1097/01.iop.0000200968.39602.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the macroscopy, microstructure, and tissue reaction of a double-setting alpha-tricalcium phosphate bone cement used as an intraocular implant in rabbits. METHODS The internal and external surface of the double-setting alpha-tricalcium phosphate implant was analyzed macroscopically and by scanning electron microscopy. Twelve New Zealand rabbits received 12-mm implants made of double-setting alpha-tricalcium phosphate cement after unilateral evisceration. Clinical evaluation was performed daily for the first 15 days after surgery and at 15-day intervals until the end of the study period. For histopathologic analysis, 3 animals per experimental period were submitted to enucleation at 15, 45, 90, and 180 days. RESULTS On gross inspection, the external surface of the implant was solid, smooth, and compact. The microarchitecture was characterized by the formation of columns of hexagonal crystals with interconnecting channels forming micropores. No wound dehiscence, signs of infection, or implant extrusion were observed in any animal throughout the study period. Histologic examination revealed the formation of fibrovascular tissue surrounding the implants, and there were signs of minimal integration of the surface limiting the fibrocellular cap with the space previously occupied by the implant. CONCLUSIONS The double-setting alpha-tricalcium phosphate implant behaved as an inert and non-integratable material. The lack of incorporation of this material by fibrovascular tissue is related to its characteristics of compactness and high resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne P Oriá
- Veterinary College, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Carvalho AB, Laus JL, Costa VP, Barros PSM, Silveira PR. Effects of travoprost 0.004% compared with latanoprost 0.005% on the intraocular pressure of normal dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 2006; 9:121-5. [PMID: 16497237 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2006.00441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effects of travoprost 0.004% and latanoprost 0.005% on the intraocular pressure (IOP) of normal dogs. METHODS Twenty mixed breed dogs were randomized to two groups: latanoprost was used in group A and travoprost in group B. The drugs were instilled in the right eye of the dogs, whereas the left eye received placebo. Both drugs were instilled once a day at 8 am during 5 days. IOP measurements were made at 8 am, 10 am, 2 pm and 8 pm during the 5 days of treatment, the 3 days that preceded treatment, and 3 days following treatment. Presence of blepharospasm, miosis, anterior chamber flare, and conjunctival hyperemia were evaluated during the study. RESULTS Mean IOP was significantly reduced in the eyes treated with both latanoprost and travoprost, when compared with the eyes treated with placebo (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean IOPs of eyes treated with latanoprost and travoprost at all time intervals during baseline, treatment, and recovery (P>0.05). On the fifth day of treatment and on the first day of the recovery period, a severe ocular hypotension was noted with both drugs, resulting in imprecise readings with the tonometer. Miosis and conjunctival hyperemia were observed in the treated eyes of both groups, whereas flare was noticed in one latanoprost-treated eye. CONCLUSION Travoprost 0.004% significantly reduces the IOP in normal dogs. The hypotensive effect obtained with travoprost 0.004% is comparable to that obtained with latanoprost 0.005%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex B Carvalho
- Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo, College of Veterinary Medicine, Brazil
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21
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Abstract
Endothelial cell function is essential to maintain corneal transparency, but unfortunately the regenerative capacity of the endothelium is limited. There are only a few reports describing the effect of age on morphologic appearance of corneal endothelial cells of dogs. Studies of normal corneal endothelial cells in humans and dogs have shown a decrease in endothelial cell density (ECD) and an increase in pleomorphism and polymegethism with advancing age. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of age on ECD and endothelial cell morphology in dogs. A total of 30 dogs were divided into three groups (10 dogs/group) based on age: group 1 (2-12 months old), group 2 (24-72 months old), and group 3 (84 months or older). Corneas were processed for light and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed only difference in cell density between group 1 and groups 2 and 3, showing an initial decrease in cell density as the animal matured. Whereas there was significantly greater variation in cell size within the dogs in group 3 than there was within the other two groups, suggesting that there was increased polymegethism and pleomorphism with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geórgia N Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Pigatto JAT, Laus JL, Santos JM, Cerva C, Cunha LS, Ruoppolo V, Barros PSM. CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM OF THE MAGELLANIC PENGUIN (SPHENISCUS MAGELLANICUS) BY SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY. J Zoo Wildl Med 2005; 36:702-5. [PMID: 17312730 DOI: 10.1638/05017.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The corneal endothelium is essential for the maintenance of the corneal transparency. The aim of this study was to examine the morphology of the endothelial surface and perform morphometric analysis of the normal corneal endothelial cells of the Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) using scanning electron microscopy. The present work demonstrates that the corneal endothelium of the Magellanic penguin is similar to those described in other vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- João A T Pigatto
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91540-000, Brazil
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23
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Abstract
To possibly reduce postoperative adhesions that occur after ocular myoplasties, we investigated the topical effects of 0.04% mitomycin C on the repaired areas of the medial rectus muscle using an equine renal capsule preserved in 98% glycerin for reinforcement of the sutures. Twenty-four rabbits, divided into two groups of 12 animals each [untreated (control) and treated group (MMC)], were submitted to surgical rupture of the medial rectus muscle of one eye and repair of the defect 24 h later with sutures and an equine renal capsule. Post-operative prophylactic treatment of the two groups consisted of the administration of eye drops containing neomycin, polymyxin B and dexamethasone at regular 6-h intervals for eight consecutive days and daily rinsing with physiological saline. MMC animals received additional treatment with topical 0.04% mitomycin C every 6 h for 14 consecutive days. Slit lamp biomicroscopy showed greater irritation of the ocular surface in MMC animals during the first days post operatively. Adhesions were observed at 15 and 30 days of assessment in the two groups, but were more extensive in control animals at 60 days. Histopathology revealed inflammatory exudation in both groups, which was greater in MMC animals. Mitomycin C (0.04%) instilled at 6-h intervals for 14 consecutive days reduced the occurrence of fibrosis in the myoplastic areas. However, the equine renal capsule was found to be of little benefit for the reinforcement of myoplasties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício V Mamede
- College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP - Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Almeida DE, Rezende ML, Nunes N, Laus JL. Evaluation of intraocular pressure in association with cardiovascular parameters in normocapnic dogs anesthetized with sevoflurane and desflurane. Vet Ophthalmol 2004; 7:265-9. [PMID: 15200623 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2004.04041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine intraocular pressure (IOP) and cardiac changes in normocapnic dogs maintained under controlled ventilation and anesthetized using sevoflurane or desflurane. Sixteen healthy adult mixed-breed dogs, seven males and nine females, weighing 10-15 kg were used. The dogs were randomly assigned to one of two groups composed of eight animals anesthetized with sevoflurane (SEVO) or desflurane (DESF). In both groups, anesthesia was induced with propofol (10 mg/kg), and neuromuscular blockade was achieved with rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg/h i.v.). No premedication was given. Ventilation was adjusted to maintain end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure at 35 mmHg. Anesthesia was maintained with 1.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane or desflurane. In both groups IOP was measured by applanation tonometry (Tono-Pen) before induction of anesthesia. IOP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI) and central venous pressure (CVP) were also measured 45 min after the beginning of inhalant anesthesia and then every 20 min for 60 min. A one-way repeated measures anova was used to compare data within the same group and Student's t-test was used to assess differences between groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Measurements showed normal IOP values in both groups, even though IOP increased significantly from baseline during the use of desflurane. IOP did not differ between groups. CI in the desflurane group was significantly greater than in the sevoflurane group. Sevoflurane and desflurane have no clinically significant effects on IOP, MAP, HR, CI or VCP in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Almeida
- Veterinary Surgery Program, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
A 5-year-old Brazilian Fila dog was presented with a history of vision loss, alopecia, and generalized depigmentation of the skin and hair. Clinical examination confirmed generalized depigmentation and pyodermitis. On ophthalmic examination there was depigmentation at the eyelid mucocutaneous junction, associated with anterior uveitis, and bilateral posterior synechia at 360 degrees. Both the complete blood count and skin scraping were normal. Skin biopsy showed histiocytary lichenoid interface dermatitis with an absence of pigment within the queratinocytes, and a moderate lymphomononuclear infiltrate and predominance of histiocytes in the papilar derma suggestive of uveodermatologic syndrome. Clinical management consisted of oral and topical administration of prednisone, associated with 1% indometacine eye drops. Methylprednisone was also used twice via the subconjunctival route, at an interval of 15 days. To prevent the development of secondary glaucoma due to posterior synechiae, dorzolamide and timolol eye drops were indicated. Both dermatologic and ophthalmic signs showed good improvement, vision was preserved, and some repigmentation of the skin and hair occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Laus
- College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
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Laus JL, Canola JC, Mamede FV, Almeida DE, Godoy GS, Oliveira CJB, Pontin K, Albuquerque S, Alessi AC. Orbital cellulitis associated with Toxocara canis in a dog. Vet Ophthalmol 2003; 6:333-6. [PMID: 14641832 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2003.00304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reports of Toxocara canis ocular larva migrans are uncommon in animals, with only a few cases reported. Most reports involve larval migration into the retina and choroid, with parasitic invasion of the orbit reported only in experimental studies. This is the first clinical case of Toxocara canis infection in the retrobulbar region of a 10-year-old, cross-bred male dog presenting with unilateral orbital cellulitis. Ophthalmic signs included protrusion of the nictitating membrane, chemosis, exophthalmos and hypertropia. The parasite was diagnosed by histologic and parasitologic examination of orbital tissues, which were removed during enucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Laus
- College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
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Vicenti FAM, Laus JL, Costa Neto JM, Talieri IC, Campos CF, Jorge AT, Ferreira AL, Fantinatti AP. Effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on wound healing in corneas of dogs following keratoplasty. Vet Ophthalmol 2003; 6:255-63. [PMID: 12950658 DOI: 10.1046/j.1463-5224.2003.00303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on wound healing were evaluated at the graft-cornea transition in dogs following lamellar keratoplasty using tunica vaginalis preserved in 98% glycerin. Twenty-one dogs were subdivided into three groups of seven animals. The first group (W/US) received daily treatment of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (20 mW/cm2) for 15 min for the first 10 days post surgery. The second group (N/US) was submitted to the same procedure but with the ultrasound apparatus turned off. The third group, the control (CO), underwent the surgical procedure only. The animals were clinically evaluated during the initial (1-15 days), intermediate (16-30 days) and late (31-120 days) postoperative period. The corneas were evaluated by light microscopy at 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, 60 and 120 days after surgery. Clinically, there were no differences which would promote an advantage to any of the treatments. Light microscopy, however, revealed more extensive vascularization and more advanced wound healing in the W/US group, as well as a tendency towards early graft incorporation. Based on the present results, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound shows advantages, especially in situations where trophic support is a mandatory condition, facilitating better graft incorporation and rapid recovery of stromal organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A M Vicenti
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Corneal degeneration may occur with a deposition of lipids or calcium, or both. Calcareous and lipid degeneration may be either primary or secondary, associated with systemic diseases such as primary hyperlipidemia, hyperlipidemia associated with hyperadrenocorticism, and hypothyroidism. The authors report a case of bilateral corneal lipid and calcium degeneration in a 7-year-old female Poodle with hyperadrenocorticism. The condition worsened with Lysodren therapy but responded to surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Laus
- Veterinary College, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
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dos Santos RR, Rossi MA, Laus JL, Silva JS, Savino W, Mengel J. Anti-CD4 abrogates rejection and reestablishes long-term tolerance to syngeneic newborn hearts grafted in mice chronically infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. J Exp Med 1992; 175:29-39. [PMID: 1730921 PMCID: PMC2119071 DOI: 10.1084/jem.175.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of autoimmunity in the genesis of chronic Chagas' heart pathology is not clear. In the present study, we show that: (a) BALB/c mice chronically infected with Trypanosoma cruzi reject syngeneic newborn hearts; (b) in vivo treatment with anti-CD4 but not anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) abrogates rejection; (c) CD4+ T cells from chronically infected mice proliferate in vitro to syngeneic myocardium antigens and induce heart graft destruction when injected in situ; (d) anti-CD4 treatment of chronically infected mice establishes long-term tolerance to syngeneic heart grafts; and (e) the state of tolerance is related to in vitro and in vivo unresponsiveness of the CD4+ T cells. These findings allow us to suggest that autoimmunity is the major mechanism implicated in the rejection of syngeneic heart tissues grafted into the pinna of the ear of mice chronically infected with T. cruzi. The similarity of the lesions to those found in humans suggests that autoimmunity is involved in the pathogenesis of chagasic cardiomyopathy in humans. Moreover, this could imply therapeutic strategies by reestablishing long-term tissue-specific tolerance with anti-CD4 mAb treatment, mediating anergy, or deleting the responder CD4+ T cells to heart tissue antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R dos Santos
- Evandro Chagas Hospital, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Dos Santos
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Hospital Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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