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Corral-Vazquez C, Blanco J, Sarrate Z, Anton E. Unraveling the Intricacies of the Seminal Microbiome and Its Impact on Human Fertility. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:150. [PMID: 38534419 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Although the microbial communities from seminal fluid were an unexplored field some decades ago, their characteristics and potential roles are gradually coming to light. Therefore, a complex and specific microbiome population with commensal niches and fluctuating species has started to be revealed. In fact, certain clusters of bacteria have been associated with fertility and health, while the outgrowth of several species is potentially correlated with infertility indicators. This constitutes a compelling reason for outlining the external elements that may induce changes in the seminal microbiome composition, like lifestyle factors, gut microbiota, pathologies, prebiotics, and probiotics. In this review, we summarize the main findings about seminal microbiome, its origins and composition, its relationship with fertility, health, and influence factors, while reminding readers of the limitations and advantages introduced from technical variabilities during the experimental procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Corral-Vazquez
- Genetics of Male Fertility Group, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular (Facultat de Biociències), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Joan Blanco
- Genetics of Male Fertility Group, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular (Facultat de Biociències), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Zaida Sarrate
- Genetics of Male Fertility Group, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular (Facultat de Biociències), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ester Anton
- Genetics of Male Fertility Group, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular (Facultat de Biociències), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Saint F, Huyghe E, Methorst C, Priam A, Seizilles de Mazancourt E, Bruyère F, Faix A. [Infections and male infertility]. Prog Urol 2023; 33:636-652. [PMID: 38012909 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of urogenital infections in male infertility has long been the subject of debate. METHODS A bibliographic search limited to English-language literature on human subjects published before 5/2023 resulted in the selection of 189 articles. RESULTS Male infertility is often of multifactorial aetiology, and to optimise the prognosis it is important to manage all the factors that can be corrected, including infectious causes, which represent one of the most frequent aetiologies. The infectious agents involved in urogenital infections are most often bacterial or viral, and more rarely parasitic. They can infect the seminal tract, male accessory glands and/or testicles, and usually result in inflammation and increased oxidative stress. These infections reduce male fertility, in particular by altering spermogram parameters and increasing sperm DNA fragmentation. For these reasons, the search for a urogenital infection should be systematic, involving a careful history and clinical examination, ultrasound and systematic bacteriological tests guided by clinical findings. Aetiological treatment may be proposed depending on the picture and the germ involved. CONCLUSION This review should help the urologist to establish an accurate diagnosis of the form and extent of the infection, and enable him to define an appropriate therapeutic strategy, tailored to the patient, in order to obtain the best chances of improving male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Saint
- Service d'urologie-transplantation, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France; Laboratoire EPROAD EA 4669, université Picardie Jules-Verne, Amiens, France
| | - E Huyghe
- Département d'urologie, hôpital de Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Service de médecine de la reproduction, hôpital Paule-de-Viguier, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; UMR DEFE, Inserm 1203, université de Toulouse, université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - C Methorst
- Service de médecine de la reproduction, hôpital des 4 villes, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - A Priam
- Service d'urologie-transplantation, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | | | - F Bruyère
- Urologie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - A Faix
- Clinique Saint-Roch, 560, avenue du Colonel-Pavelet-dit-Villars, 34000 Montpellier, France
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de Albuquerque BHDR, de Oliveira MTFC, Aderaldo JF, de Medeiros Garcia Torres M, Lanza DCF. Human seminal virome: a panel based on recent literature. Basic Clin Androl 2022; 32:16. [PMID: 36064315 PMCID: PMC9444275 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-022-00165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The seminal virome and its implications for fertility remain poorly understood. To date, there are no defined panels for the detection of viruses of clinical interest in seminal samples. Results In this study, we characterized the human seminal virome based on more than 1,000 studies published over the last five years. Conclusions The number of studies investigating viruses that occur in human semen has increased, and to date, these studies have been mostly prospective or related to specific clinical findings. Through the joint analysis of all these studies, we have listed the viruses related to the worsening of seminal parameters and propose a new panel with the main viruses already described that possibly affect male fertility and health. This panel can assist in evaluating semen quality and serve as a tool for investigation in cases of infertility.
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Abdelhamid MHM, Fellah AA, Elmarghani A, Al Msellati IA. An Assessment of Men Semen Alterations in SARS-CoV-2: Is Fever the Principal Concern? Reprod Sci 2022; 30:72-80. [PMID: 35194760 PMCID: PMC8863294 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) was identified as a pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization. The virus spreads primarily through saliva droplets or nasal discharges, in addition to coughing or sneezing from an infected person. The most common symptom at the onset of illness is fever, which may appear within 2-14 days after exposure. The high fever (above 38 °C) can persist from one to 4 days. The febrile illness usually has a variable negative impact on sperm characteristics such as sperm output, motility, morphology, and DNA fragmentation. These defects proliferated due to an increase in testicular temperature, and disturbance in the thermoregulatory systems that are responsible for the testicular heat loss. Coronavirus studies suggest that fever from SARS-CoV-2 virus infection induces a reversible negative effect on the sperm parameters until one cycle (74 days) of spermatogenesis. We believe that SARS-CoV-2 can have long-term adverse effects on testicles via immune or inflammatory reactions after the patient has fully recovered. This evidence could be added to the list of the long-term post-COVID-19 syndromes. Long-term follow-up and evaluation of the sperm parameters are necessary for all recovered male patients, especially the young ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hadi Mohamed Abdelhamid
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Cell Biology and Tissue Culture, Biotechnology Research Center (BTRC), Tripoli, Libya.
- National Center of Disease Control (NCDC), Tripoli, Libya.
| | - Abdulmunam A Fellah
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Cell Biology and Tissue Culture, Biotechnology Research Center (BTRC), Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ahmed Elmarghani
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Cell Biology and Tissue Culture, Biotechnology Research Center (BTRC), Tripoli, Libya
- National Center of Disease Control (NCDC), Tripoli, Libya
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Cao X, Wei R, Zhang X, Zhou J, Lou J, Cui Y. Impact of human papillomavirus infection in semen on sperm progressive motility in infertile men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2020; 18:38. [PMID: 32381092 PMCID: PMC7203819 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00604-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been considered as one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses that may be linked to unexplained infertility in men. The possible mechanisms underlying correlation between HPV infection and infertility could be related to the altered sperm parameters. Current studies have investigated the effect of HPV seminal infection on sperm quality in infertile men, but have shown inconsistent results. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and CNKI for studies that examined the association between HPV seminal infection and sperm progressive motility. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. Outcomes were the sperm progressive motility rate. Results are expressed as standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was evaluated by the I-square (I2) statistic. RESULTS Ten studies were identified, including 616 infertile patients with HPV seminal infection and 2029 infertile controls without HPV seminal infection. Our meta-analysis results indicated that sperm progressive motility was significantly reduced in HPV-infected semen samples compared with non-infected groups [SMD:-0.88, 95% CI:-1.17 ~ - 0.59]. There existed statistical heterogeneity (I2 value: 86%) and the subgroup analysis suggested that study region might be the causes of heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS HPV semen infection could significantly reduce sperm progressive motility in infertile individuals. There were some limitations in the study such as the differences in age, sample sizes and the number of HPV genotypes detected. Further evidences are needed to better elucidate the relationship between HPV seminal infection and sperm quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, 315000, China.
| | - Renxiong Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Jiangtao Lou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Yun Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, 315000, China
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Chaudhury CS, Mee T, Chairez C, McLaughlin M, Silk R, Gross C, Kattakuzhy S, Rosenthal E, Kottilil S, Stanley TL, Hadigan C. Testosterone in Men With Chronic Hepatitis C Infection and After Hepatitis C Viral Clearance. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 69:571-576. [PMID: 30715229 PMCID: PMC6669296 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatic dysfunction are associated with low total and free testosterone (TT and FT) and high sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). However, little is known about changes in testosterone following successful HCV treatment. METHODS We evaluated testosterone levels and the prevalence of low testosterone in a cohort of 327 men with chronic HCV infection (human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] coinfection = 150) and in a subset of 85 men with testosterone levels obtained pre-HCV treatment and after sustained virologic response (SVR). Median follow-up was 36 months. RESULTS Participants with active HCV at baseline had higher TT (P < .0001) and SHBG (P < .0001) compared with participants who had achieved SVR, whereas FT did not differ. Low TT (<10.4 nmol/L) was more prevalent in participants with SVR compared with active HCV (P = .002); however, low FT (<0.1735 nmol/L) was common (50% active HCV, 43% SVR) and did not different between groups. For participants with longitudinal determinations, TT and SHBG decreased significantly (P < .0001) while FT remained unchanged post-SVR. Low FT persisted after SVR (pre-treatment 58%, post-SVR 54%, P = .72). HIV status and change in aspartate aminotrasferase-to-platelet ratio were significant independent predictors of change in FT following SVR. CONCLUSIONS During active HCV infection, testosterone deficiency may be masked due to elevated SHBG. Despite improvements in SHBG following SVR, low FT was common and persisted after HCV clearance, indicating the need for enhanced awareness and screening using estimates of FT following successful treatment of chronic HCV. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT01350648.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe S Chaudhury
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Thomas Mee
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Cheryl Chairez
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Mary McLaughlin
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Rachel Silk
- Institute of Human Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Chloe Gross
- Institute of Human Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Sarah Kattakuzhy
- Institute of Human Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Elana Rosenthal
- Institute of Human Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Shyam Kottilil
- Institute of Human Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Takara L Stanley
- Massachusetts General Hospital for Children Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Boston
| | - Colleen Hadigan
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Maryland, Baltimore
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Himoto T, Fujita K, Sakamoto T, Nomura T, Morishita A, Yoneyama H, Haba R, Masaki T. Clinical efficacy of free androgen index, a surrogate hallmark of circulating free testosterone level, in male patients with HCV-related chronic liver disease. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 63:238-245. [PMID: 30487676 PMCID: PMC6252299 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.18-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of free testosterone, that not bound to sex hormone-binding globulin, in male patients with HCV infection remains uncertain. We investigated whether free testosterone is involved in the progression to hepatic fibrosis/steatosis or insulin resistance in male patients with HCV-related chronic liver disease or not. Free androgen indices, which reflect circulating free testosterone levels, were calculated as 100 × total testosterone levels/sex hormone-binding globulin levels in 30 male patients with HCV-related chronic liver disease. Degrees of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis were evaluated by the New Inuyama Classification and the classification proposed by Brunt and colleagues, respectively. Insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA-IR values. Serum total testosterone levels were independent of hepatic fibrosis staging in the enrolled patients. However, circulating sex hormone-binding globulin levels were significantly increased in proportion to the severity of hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, free androgen indices were inversely correlated with the severity of hepatic fibrosis. Moreover, free androgen indices were inversely correlated with the grades of hepatic steatosis and HOMA-IR values in those patients. Our data suggest that lower circulating free testosterone levels may be recognized as the risk factor for more advanced hepatic fibrosis, steatosis and/or higher insulin resistance in male patients with HCV-related chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Himoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 281-1 Hara, Mure-Cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0123, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Teppei Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takako Nomura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hirohito Yoneyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Reiji Haba
- Department of Diagnosis Pathology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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Beigi Harchegani A, Mirnam Niha M, Sohrabiyan M, Ghatrehsamani M, Tahmasbpour E, Shahriary A. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of sulfur mustard toxicity on spermatozoa and male fertility. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:1029-1035. [PMID: 30510677 PMCID: PMC6220723 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00062j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a toxic compound that can target human spermatozoa. SM induces a wide variety of pathological effects in human reproductive organs, including sexual hormone disturbance, testicular atrophy, impaired spermatogenesis, poor sperm quality, defects in embryo development, childhood physical abnormalities, and severe fertility problems. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of SM action on male reproductive health and human sperm function are unclear. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species and the resulting oxidative stress is likely a significant mechanism of SM action, and could be associated with sperm DNA damage, membrane lipid peroxidation, reduced membrane fluidity, mitochondrial deficiency, apoptosis, and poor sperm quality. In this review, we aim to discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms of SM action on sperm and reproductive health, the significance of OS, and the mechanisms through which SM enhances the infertility rate among SM-exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Beigi Harchegani
- Chemical Injuries Research Center , Systems biology and poisonings institute , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran . ; Tel: +21-82482502
| | - Mahdiyeh Mirnam Niha
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering , Central Tehran Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Milad Sohrabiyan
- Chemical Injuries Research Center , Systems biology and poisonings institute , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran . ; Tel: +21-82482502
| | - Mahdi Ghatrehsamani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center , Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Eisa Tahmasbpour
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & Biomedical Innovations , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran . ; Tel: +21-9111193051
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center , Systems biology and poisonings institute , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran . ; Tel: +21-82482502
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Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and Fertilization: A Mini Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 54:medicina54040050. [PMID: 30344281 PMCID: PMC6174353 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human papilloma virus (HPV) is one of the most prevalent viral sexually transmitted diseases. The ability of HPV to induce malignancy in the anogenital tract and stomato-pharyngeal cavity is well documented. Moreover, HPV infection may also affect reproductive health and fertility. Although, the impact of HPV on female fertility has not been thoroughly studied it has been found also to have an impact on semen parameters. Relative information can be obtained from studies investigating the relationship between HPV and pregnancy success. Furthermore, there is an ongoing debate whether HPV alters the efficacy of assisted reproductive technologies. An association between HPV and assisted reproductive technologies (ART) programs has been reported. Nevertheless, due to conflicting data and the small number of existing studies further research is required. It remains to be clarified whether HPV detection and genotyping could be included in the diagnostic procedures in couples undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intrauterine insemination (IUI) treatments. Vaccination of both genders against HPV can reduce the prevalence of HPV infection and eliminate its implications on human fertility. The aim of the present mini-review is to reiterate the association between HPV and human fertility through a systematic literature review.
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Hanson BM, Dorais JA. Reproductive considerations in the setting of chronic viral illness. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 217:4-10. [PMID: 28209492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Special considerations must be taken when patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B, or hepatitis C desire to become pregnant. Patients with chronic viral illnesses desire to have children at rates similar to the general population, and options are available to decrease both vertical transmission and viral transmission between partners. Preconception counseling or consultation with fertility specialists is imperative in patients with HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C so that reproductive goals can be addressed and optimized. In couples in which one partner has HIV, the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy or preexposure prophylaxis can significantly reduce the risk of transmission between serodiscordant partners. The use of density gradient sperm-washing techniques and intrauterine insemination or in vitro fertilization results in an apparent lack of transmission of HIV between partners when the male partner is HIV-positive. Vertical transmission of HIV from mother to child can be reduced by use of highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens throughout pregnancy or by cesarean delivery in the setting of high maternal viral load. Transmission of hepatitis B between partners can be eliminated by vaccinating the uninfected partner. Vertical transmission from a hepatitis B-infected mother to a child can be reduced by vaccinating neonates with the standard hepatitis B vaccine series as well as hepatitis B immune globulin. Recent data have shown the antiviral medication tenofovir to be an effective way to reduce vertical transmission in the setting of high maternal viral load or the presence of hepatitis B e antigen. There are multiple antiviral medications available to treat chronic hepatitis C, although access to these medications often is limited by cost. Similar to HIV-positive patients, in settings in which the male partner is infected with hepatitis C, density gradient sperm washing can be used before intrauterine insemination or in vitro fertilization to reduce transmission of hepatitis C between partners. No safe and effective method exists to reduce vertical transmission of hepatitis C once a woman becomes pregnant, highlighting the importance of treatment of hepatitis C before pregnancy.
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Khan F, Niaz K, Ismail Hassan F, Abdollahi M. An evidence-based review of the genotoxic and reproductive effects of sulfur mustard. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:1143-1156. [PMID: 28032143 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent which is cytotoxic in nature, and at the molecular level, SM acts as DNA alkylating agent leading to genotoxic and reproductive effects. Mostly, the exposed areas of the body are the main targets for SM; however, it also adversely affects various tissues of the body and ultimately exhibits long-term complications including genotoxic and reproductive effects, even in the next generations. The effect of SM on reproductive system is the reason behind male infertility. The chronic genotoxic and reproductive complications of SM have been observed in the next generation, such as reproductive hormones disturbances, testicular atrophy, deficiency of sperm cells, retarded growth of sperm and male infertility. SM exerts toxic effects through various mechanisms causing reproductive dysfunction. The key mechanisms include DNA alkylation, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) depletion. However, the exact molecular mechanism of such long-term effects of SM is still unclear. In general, DNA damage, cell death and defects in the cell membrane are frequently observed in SM-exposed individuals. SM can activate various cellular and molecular mechanisms related to oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory responses throughout the reproductive system, which can cause decreased spermatogenesis and impaired sperm quality via damage to tissue function and structure. Moreover, the toxic effects of SM on the reproductive system as well as the occurrence of male infertility among exposed war troopers in the late exposure phase is still uncertain. The chronic effects of SM exposure in parents can cause congenital defects in their children. In this review, we aimed to investigate chronic genotoxic and reproductive effects of SM and their molecular mechanisms in the next generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlullah Khan
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Kamal Niaz
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Fatima Ismail Hassan
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran.
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Hussein TM, Elneily D, Eid AA, Abou-ElKhier H. Assessment of antisperm antibodies in a sample of Egyptian patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Andrologia 2016; 49. [PMID: 27484294 DOI: 10.1111/and.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Association of hepatitis C virus (HCV) with autoimmune phenomena and impaired semen parameters has been previously reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of HCV infection on the development of antisperm antibodies (ASAs) in HCV-positive males. The study was conducted on 30 HCV-infected individuals and 30 healthy control subjects. In both patients and control groups, liver enzymes and reproductive hormones were measured; computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) was performed; HCV-RNA in serum was measured and IgG and IgA ASAs in semen were determined. Free testosterone, sperm concentration, progressive and total motility were significantly lower in HCV patients than in the control group, whereas ASAs of the IgG and IgA classes were significantly higher in HCV patients. However, correlations between viral load and the examined semen parameters and ASAs were nonsignificant. In conclusion, HCV may be responsible for the increased ASAs detected in HCV patients in the present study, possibly providing another plausible explanation for the decreased sperm motility reported in HCV patients. These findings could be of value in fertility management of HCV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Hussein
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - D Elneily
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - A A Eid
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - H Abou-ElKhier
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Marzony ET, Ghanei M, Panahi Y. Relationship of oxidative stress with male infertility in sulfur mustard-exposed injuries. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjr.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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14
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Keogan S, Siegert K, Wigdahl B, Krebs FC. Variability in human semen content and its potential effects in the female reproductive tract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.7243/2054-0841-4-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Elabbady A, Eid A, Fahmy A, Kotb AF. Pattern of prostate cancer presentation among the Egyptian population: A study in a single tertiary care center. Cent European J Urol 2014; 67:351-6. [PMID: 25667753 PMCID: PMC4310882 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2014.04.art7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer is a common health problem that in the majority of cases starts to develop at the age of 50 years, reaching its peak at 60-70 years of age. A variation in its incidence and prevalence exists between western, Asian and Arabic populations. The aim of our work was to report the pattern of prostate cancer presentation in Alexandria University that as a tertiary referral center provides care for uro-oncology cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data collection for all patients diagnosed with prostate cancer at Alexandria University in Egypt through the year 2012 was done. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 67. Mean serum total PSA, prostate volume and PSAd were 149 ng/ml, 63 grams and 3.1 ng/ml/gm respectively. 25% of patients were asymptomatic diagnosed accidentally during screening for prostate cancer. The remaining group was presenting with LUTS, including 23 patients who presented initially with back pain. CONCLUSIONS Egyptian men with prostate cancer have a markedly high PSA density and Gleason grade at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elabbady
- University of Alexandria, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Eid
- University of Alexandria, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Fahmy
- University of Alexandria, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Fouad Kotb
- University of Alexandria, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Alexandria, Egypt
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16
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Garolla A, Pizzol D, Bertoldo A, Menegazzo M, Barzon L, Foresta C. Sperm viral infection and male infertility: focus on HBV, HCV, HIV, HPV, HSV, HCMV, and AAV. J Reprod Immunol 2013; 100:20-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Abstract
This article provides an overview of infectious and inflammatory conditions associated with male infertility. These conditions may affect several components of the male reproductive tract and therefore have the ability to potentially alter sperm function. The effect of these conditions on male fertility is poorly understood and often underestimated.
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18
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Association, prevalence, and clearance of human papillomavirus and antisperm antibodies in infected semen samples from infertile patients. Fertil Steril 2013; 99:125-131.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Finasteride and methadone use and risk of advanced hepatitis C related liver disease. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57:3004-10. [PMID: 22669204 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM We evaluated the association between two medications that alter bioavailable androgen levels, finasteride and methadone, and risk of advanced HCV-related liver disease. BACKGROUND Males have strikingly greater cirrhosis risk across disease etiologies, including hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. METHODS In a cross-sectional study in HCV+ male veterans, we determined medication use by up to 15-year medical record review, and hepatic pathology by the FibroSURE-ActiTest (F3/F4-F4, advanced vs. F0-F3, mild fibrosis; and A2/A3-A3, advanced vs. A0-A2, mild inflammation). We performed race-adjusted and race-stratified multivariate analyses. RESULTS Among 571 HCV+ males, 43 % were White and 57 % African-American. There were non-significant decreased risks with finasteride use (OR(adj advanced fibrosis) = 0.75, 95 % CI 0.39-1.45 and OR(adj advanced inflammation) = 0.74, 95 % CI 0.41-1.43). For methadone, there was a non-significant 41 % increased advanced fibrosis risk in Whites and 51 % reduced risk in AA. White male methadone-users had 2.1-fold excess advanced inflammation risk (p = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary study results suggest finasteride use is not significantly associated with a decreased risk of advanced hepatic fibrosis or inflammation in HCV+ males. The ethnically-divergent results for methadone associated fibrosis risk and finding of potentially increased inflammation risk in White males suggests the need for additional research.
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White DL, Tavakoli-Tabasi S, Kuzniarek J, Pascua R, Ramsey DJ, El-Serag HB. Higher serum testosterone is associated with increased risk of advanced hepatitis C-related liver disease in males. Hepatology 2012; 55:759-68. [PMID: 21858849 PMCID: PMC3399504 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Males have strikingly increased risk of advanced liver disease. However, the association between testosterone and risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related advanced liver disease is unknown. We performed a cross-sectional study in male veterans with chronic HCV. Blood samples were obtained to measure total serum testosterone and perform the FibroSURE-ActiTest. Other risk-factor data were obtained through systematic questionnaires (e.g., alcohol), physical measurements (e.g., body mass index), and serological tests (e.g., viral load). The association between total testosterone and risk of advanced hepatic fibrosis (F3 and F3/F4) and inflammatory activity (A3 and A2/3) measured by the FibroSURE-ActiTest was evaluated with logistic regression. A total of 308 eligible study participants were prospectively recruited (mean age: 57; 52% African-American). There were 105 cases with advanced fibrosis and 203 mild fibrosis controls as well as 88 cases with advanced inflammatory activity and 220 mild activity controls. Mean total serum testosterone was significantly higher in advanced fibrosis cases as well as advanced inflammatory activity cases, compared to mild disease controls (6.0 versus 5.3 ng/mL and 5.9 versus 5.4 ng/mL, respectively). We observed a significant 25% increase in advanced fibrosis risk and 15% increase in advanced inflammatory activity risk for each 1-ng/mL increase in total serum testosterone. Total testosterone in the upper tertile was associated with an even greater excess risk of advanced fibrosis than advanced inflammatory activity (odds ratio [OR](adjusted advanced fibrosis) = 3.74; 95% CI: 1.86-6.54 versus OR(adjusted advanced inflammatory activity) = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.07-4.93, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Total serum testosterone is associated with an increased risk of both advanced hepatic fibrosis and advanced hepatic inflammatory activity in HCV-infected men. Testosterone may be important in the pathogenesis of HCV-related advanced liver disease in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L. White
- Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Program, Houston VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas,Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas,Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shariar Tavakoli-Tabasi
- Hepatitis C Clinic, Section of Infectious Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas,Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jill Kuzniarek
- Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Program, Houston VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas,Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rhia Pascua
- Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Program, Houston VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas,Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David J. Ramsey
- Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Program, Houston VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas,Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hashem B. El-Serag
- Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Program, Houston VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas,Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas,Section of Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
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La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Vicari E, D'Agata R, Calogero AE. Sperm DNA damage in patients with chronic viral C hepatitis. Eur J Intern Med 2012; 23:e19-24. [PMID: 22153543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the conventional and biofunctional parameters of sperm in young infertile patients with Hepatitis C (HCV) infection. METHODS Forty HCV patients with primary infertility, aged 27 to 42 years (mean 36.4 years) and twenty HCV patients with secondary infertility aged 28 to 45 years (mean 35.0±2.8 years), underwent hormonal and sperm analysis in addition to the determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations in the sperm and flow-cytometric evaluation. The following biofunctional sperm parameters were evaluated by flow cytometry: DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane potential, chromatin condensation, and the rate of early apoptosis. RESULTS Overall, patients with HCV showed significantly worse median values of conventional and biofunctional sperm parameters than control subjects, including sperm density (31.7 vs. 80.4 million/ml), forward motility (9.4 vs. 25%), normal forms (15.4 vs. 24.8%), DNA fragmentation (6.6 vs. 2.2%), low MMP (45.5 vs. 8%), an early apoptosis rate (5 vs. 2.7%), and abnormal chromatin (18.9 vs. 13.9%). Finally, HCV patients had significantly higher basal (250 vs. 75×10(3)/cpm) and stimulated (550 vs. 120×10(3)/cpm) ROS levels in semen compared to control subjects. None of the examined parameters (sperm, hormonal, biofunctional and assessment of oxidative status in the semen) was significantly different between HCV patients with primary and secondary infertilities. DISCUSSION These results confirm that HCV infection has a negative impact on sperm parameters. The overlap of the results observed in the two groups of HCV patients supports the hypothesis that HCV infection may cause to alterations in sperm parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro La Vignera
- Section of Endocrinology, Andrology and Internal Medicine and Master in Andrological, Human Reproduction and Biotechnology Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Catania University, Italy.
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22
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Hofny ERM, Ali MEM, Taha EA, Nafeh HM, Sayed DS, Abdel-Azeem HG, Abdou EF, Kamal GM, Mostafa T. Semen and hormonal parameters in men with chronic hepatitis C infection. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:2557-9. [PMID: 21620397 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Male patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (n = 57) demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in semen volume, sperm count, and progressive sperm motility and a statistically significant increase in abnormal sperm morphology compared with healthy controls (n = 40). The duration of the HCV infection was negatively correlated with semen volume and sperm motility where the HCV RNA viral load was negatively correlated with sperm count and sperm motility. Chronic HCV patients had statistically significantly lower total serum testosterone and higher serum E(2) and prolactin levels compared with healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Riaad M Hofny
- Dermatology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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