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Blanco-Fernández G, Blanco-Fernandez B, Fernández-Ferreiro A, Otero-Espinar FJ. Lipidic lyotropic liquid crystals: Insights on biomedical applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 313:102867. [PMID: 36889183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) possess unique physicochemical properties, translatable into a wide range of applications. To date, lipidic lyotropic LCs (LLCs) have been extensively explored in drug delivery and imaging owing to the capability to encapsulate and release payloads with different characteristics. The current landscape of lipidic LLCs in biomedical applications is provided in this review. Initially, the main properties, types, methods of fabrication and applications of LCs are showcased. Then, a comprehensive discussion of the main biomedical applications of lipidic LLCs accordingly to the application (drug and biomacromolecule delivery, tissue engineering and molecular imaging) and route of administration is examined. Further discussion of the main limitations and perspectives of lipidic LLCs in biomedical applications are also provided. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Liquid crystals (LCs) are those systems between a solid and liquid state that possess unique morphological and physicochemical properties, translatable into a wide range of biomedical applications. A short description of the properties of LCs, their types and manufacturing procedures is given to serve as a background to the topic. Then, the latest and most innovative research in the field of biomedicine is examined, specifically the areas of drug and biomacromolecule delivery, tissue engineering and molecular imaging. Finally, prospects of LCs in biomedicine are discussed to show future trends and perspectives that might be utilized. This article is an ampliation, improvement and actualization of our previous short forum article "Bringing lipidic lyotropic liquid crystal technology into biomedicine" published in TIPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Blanco-Fernández
- Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Paraquasil Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Institute of Materials (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Bárbara Blanco-Fernandez
- CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Anxo Fernández-Ferreiro
- Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Otero-Espinar
- Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Paraquasil Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Institute of Materials (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Mancuso A, Tarsitano M, Udongo BP, Cristiano MC, Torella D, Paolino D, Fresta M. A comparison between silicone free and silicone-based emulsions: technological features and in vivo evaluation. Int J Cosmet Sci 2022; 44:514-529. [PMID: 35815903 PMCID: PMC9545630 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective Nowadays, the use of silicones in cosmetic formulation is still controversial, given that “natural” or “biodegradable” components are preferred. Often, the exclusion and/or the discrimination of these excipients from cosmetic field are unmotivated because all things cannot be painted with the same brush. Hence, we want to bring to light and underline the advantages of including silicones in cosmetic emulsions, refuting and debunking some myths related to their use. Methods Silicone‐free and silicone‐based emulsions were obtained within an easy homogenization process. Droplet size distribution was assessed by laser diffraction particle size analyser Mastersizer 2000™, and by optical microscopy. The long‐time stability profiles were investigated thanks to the optical analyser Turbiscan® Lab Expert. Diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) by Rheolaser Master™ and frequency sweep measurements by Kinexus® Pro Rotational Rheometer were carried out to assess a full rheological characterization. In vivo studies were carried out by the evaluation of Trans Epidermal Water Loss (TEWL) over time on healthy human volunteers. A skin feeling rating was collected from the same volunteers by questionnaire. Results From size distribution analysis, a better coherence of data appeared for silicone‐based emulsion, as the size of the droplets was kept unchanged after 1 month, as well as the uniformity parameter. Morphological investigation confirmed a homogenous droplet distribution for both samples. Silicones enhanced the viscosity, compactness and strength of the cream, providing a suitable stability profile both at room temperature and when heated at 40°C. The solid‐like viscoelastic behaviour was assessed in the presence of dynamic oscillatory stresses. The monitoring of TEWL over time demonstrated non‐occlusive properties of emulsions containing silicones, the values of which were comparable to the negative control. Silicone‐based emulsions gained higher scores from the volunteers in silkiness, freshness and softness features, while lower scores were obtained in greasiness compared to silicone‐free emulsions. No cases of irritation were recorded by the candidates. Conclusion The presence of specific silicones inside a cosmetic product improved its technological characteristics. The rheological identity and the stability feature showed the real suitability of prepared emulsion as a cosmetic product. Moreover, this study demonstrated that silicone‐based emulsions are safe for the skin and did not cause skin occlusion. Improved skin sensations are registered by potential consumers when silicones are included in the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martine Tarsitano
- Department of Health Science University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Betty P Udongo
- Pincer Training and Research Institute Plot 1127, Lukuli, Zone 5, Uganda
| | | | | | | | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Science University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
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T MS, Mondal T. Radiation curable polysiloxane: synthesis to applications. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:6284-6297. [PMID: 34160540 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00269d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Among the different types of specialty polymers, polysiloxane finds its position in the pyramid's apex in terms of its performance attributes. Its unique structural features result in it having superior performance benefits over wide operational conditions. Hence, polysiloxanes are used in various industries. Like other polymers, to effectively use polysiloxanes, curing is a non-negotiable fact. Therefore, polysiloxanes are cured using different chemistries such as addition, condensation, and peroxy-mediated methods, etc. However, recently, it has been noted that there is a strong impetus towards developing radiation-curable polysiloxanes. A faster turnover time, higher yield, and marginal involvement in the release of any toxic by-products has resulted in the widespread acceptance of radiation curing techniques. This review article provides insight into the various facets of polysiloxane chemistry, the synthesis of radiation curable polysiloxane, and the curing methodology of polysiloxane using radiation sources such as ultraviolet, electron beam, and gamma radiation. We further provide an account of the various applications of such radiation-curable polysiloxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthamil Selvan T
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India.
| | - Titash Mondal
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India.
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Calixto LS, Infante VHP, Maia Campos PMBG. Design and Characterization of Topical Formulations: Correlations Between Instrumental and Sensorial Measurements. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:1512-1519. [PMID: 29464591 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-0960-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between cosmetic emulsions and the skin's surface is an important factor to consider in the development of topical formulations. Two important ingredients in cosmetic formulations are waxes and polymers. The physical and mechanical properties of formulations directly impact the interface skin-formulation. To evaluate this interaction, it is important to study the rheology, texture, and sensory properties. In this context, the aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of waxes and polymers on the rheological behavior, texture profile, and sensorial properties of topical formulations and the correlation between these parameters. The best combination of a wax and a polymer was determined by full factorial design of experiments and applied to develop eight formulations that were tested in relation to rheological, mechanical, and sensorial properties. The polymer helps with the spreadability of the formulation, and the wax had a strong influence on the parameters related to the structure of emulsions. A correlation between these parameters was observed. This way, it was possible to compare theoretical and practical data, except between the flow index and the work of shear. Finally, it was possible to predict sensorial aspects from rheological and texture parameters, making the formulation process easier and more integrated with all stages of the development of new topical formulations. Thus, the present study introduces a new proposal in the development of cosmetics.
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Bing J, Qian-jie Z, Zheng Z, Ming-hua C, Wan-ping Z. Preparation of liquid crystal emulsion and its application performance study. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2017.1297721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Bing
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Qian-jie
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Zhang Wan-ping
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
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Morikawa T, Nagatomo A, Kitazawa K, Muraoka O, Kikuchi T, Yamada T, Tanaka R, Ninomiya K. Collagen Synthesis-Promoting Effects of Andiroba Oil and its Limonoid Constituents in Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts. J Oleo Sci 2018; 67:1271-1277. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University
| | | | | | - Osamu Muraoka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University
| | | | | | | | - Kiyofumi Ninomiya
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University
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Jia B, Zhang Z, Chen MH, Zhang WP. Effect of liquid oils on the properties of multiple emulsions containing liquid crystals. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2016.1214838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Jia
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- R&D, JILA Corporation, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hua Chen
- R&D, JILA Corporation, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wan-Ping Zhang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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da Rocha-Filho PA, Maruno M, Ferrari M, Topan JF. Liquid Crystal Formation from Sunflower Oil: Long Term Stability Studies. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060680. [PMID: 27294894 PMCID: PMC6272883 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Brazilian biodiversity offers a multiplicity of raw materials with great potential in cosmetics industry applications. Some vegetable oils and fatty esters increase skin hydration by occlusivity, keeping the skin hydrated and with a shiny appearance. Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) oil is widely employed in cosmetic emulsions in the form of soaps, creams, moisturizers and skin cleansers due to the presence of polyphenols and its high vitamin E content. Liquid crystals are systems with many applications in both pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations and are easily detected by microscopy under polarized light due to their birefringence properties. The aim of this research was to develop emulsions from natural sunflower oil for topical uses. Sunflower oil (75.0% w/w) was combined with liquid vaseline (25.0% w/w) employing a natural self-emulsifying base (SEB) derivative. The high temperature of the emulsification process did not influence the antioxidant properties of sunflower oil. Fatty esters were added to cosmetic formulations and extended stability tests were performed to characterize the emulsions. Fatty esters like cetyl palmitate and cetyl ester increase the formation of anisotropic structures. O/W emulsions showed acidic pH values and pseudoplastic behavior. The presence of a lamellar phase was observed after a period of 90 days under different storage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Alves da Rocha-Filho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n. Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - Mônica Maruno
- Centro Universitário Barão de Mauá, R. Ramos de Azevedo, 423, Jardim Paulista, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14090-180, Brazil.
| | - Márcio Ferrari
- College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rua Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s/n, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil.
| | - José Fernando Topan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n. Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil.
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Maciel NR, Oliveira ECV, Okuma CH, Topan JF, Amaral LQ, Rocha-Filho P. A New System of Multiple Emulsions with Lamellar Gel Phases from Vegetable Oil. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2015.1054506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bonifácio BV, Silva PBD, Ramos MADS, Negri KMS, Bauab TM, Chorilli M. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems and herbal medicines: a review. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 9:1-15. [PMID: 24363556 PMCID: PMC3862741 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s52634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines have been widely used around the world since ancient times. The advancement of phytochemical and phytopharmacological sciences has enabled elucidation of the composition and biological activities of several medicinal plant products. The effectiveness of many species of medicinal plants depends on the supply of active compounds. Most of the biologically active constituents of extracts, such as flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids, are highly soluble in water, but have low absorption, because they are unable to cross the lipid membranes of the cells, have excessively high molecular size, or are poorly absorbed, resulting in loss of bioavailability and efficacy. Some extracts are not used clinically because of these obstacles. It has been widely proposed to combine herbal medicine with nanotechnology, because nanostructured systems might be able to potentiate the action of plant extracts, reducing the required dose and side effects, and improving activity. Nanosystems can deliver the active constituent at a sufficient concentration during the entire treatment period, directing it to the desired site of action. Conventional treatments do not meet these requirements. The purpose of this study is to review nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems and herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Vidal Bonifácio
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Patricia Bento da Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Kamila Maria Silveira Negri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Taís Maria Bauab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
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de Oliveira ECV, Maciel NR, do Amaral LQ, da Rocha-Filho PA. Natural Brazilian Raw Material to Develop O/W Emulsions Containing Lamellar Gel Phase (Development and Analysis of Emulsion with Vegetable Oils). J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2012.742787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Oyedeji F, Hassan G, Adeleke B. Hydroquinone and Heavy Metals Levels in Cosmetics Marketed in Nigeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/tasr.2011.622.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Santos ODH, Morais JM, Andrade FF, Aguiar TA, Rocha Filho PA. Development of Vegetable Oil Emulsions with Lamellar Liquid-Crystalline Structures. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691003662464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wei D, Ge L, Friberg SE, Guo R. Viscosity Variation During Evaporation of a Vegetable Oil Emulsion Stabilized by Tween 80 R. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690903543238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ferreira MRA, Santiago RR, de Souza TP, Egito EST, Oliveira EE, Soares LAL. Development and evaluation of emulsions from Carapa guianensis (Andiroba) oil. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:1383-90. [PMID: 20824515 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Carapa guianensis, a popular medicinal plant known as "Andiroba" in Brazil, has been used in traditional medicine as an insect repellent and anti-inflammatory product. Additionally, this seed oil has been reported in the literature as a repellent against Aedes aegypti. The aim of this work is to report on the emulsification of vegetable oils such as "Andiroba" oil by using a blend of nonionic surfactants (Span 80® and Tween 20®), using the critical hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) and pseudo-ternary diagram as tools to evaluate the system's stability. The emulsions were prepared by the inverse phase method. Several formulations were made according to a HLB spreadsheet design (from 4.3 to 16.7), and the products were stored at 25°C and 4°C. The emulsion stabilities were tested both long- and short-term, and the more stable one was used for the pseudo-ternary diagram study. The emulsions were successfully obtained by a couple of surfactants, and the HLB analysis showed that the required HLB of the oil was 16.7. To conclude, the pseudo-ternary diagram identified several characteristic regions such as emulsion, micro-emulsion, and separation of phases.
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Zanatta CF, Sato AMCDF, Camargo Junior FBD, Campos PMBGM, Rocha-Filho PA. Rheological behavior, zeta potential, and accelerated stability tests of Buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa) emulsions containing lyotropic liquid crystals. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 36:93-101. [DOI: 10.3109/03639040903099728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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