1
|
Thao PN, Nishijo M, Tai PT, Nghi TN, Yokawa T, Hoa VT, Tien TV, Kien NX, Anh TH, Nishino Y, Nishijo H. Impacts of dioxin exposure on brain connectivity estimated by DTI analysis of MRI images in men residing in contaminated areas of Vietnam. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1344653. [PMID: 38726030 PMCID: PMC11079160 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1344653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Effects of dioxin exposure on gray matter volume have been reported in previous studies, but a few studies reported effects of dioxin exposure on white matter structure. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the impact of dioxin exposure on white matter microstructure in men living in the most severely dioxin-contaminated areas in Vietnam. Methods In 2019 brain MRI scans from 28 men living near Bien Hoa airbase were obtained at Dong Nai General Hospital, Vietnam, on a 3 T scanner using a conventional diffusion tensor imaging sequence. Two exposure markers were indicated by perinatal exposure estimated by assessment of maternal residency in a dioxin-contaminated area during pregnancy and by measurement of blood dioxin levels. A general linear model was used to compare fractional anisotropy (FA) values in 11 white matter tracts in both hemispheres between groups with and without perinatal dioxin exposure and groups with high and low blood dioxin levels after adjusting for covariates. Results The adjusted mean FA value in the left cingulum hippocampal part (CGH) was significantly lower in the perinatal dioxin exposure group compared with the group without perinatal dioxin exposure. The high blood TCDD group showed significantly reduced FA values in the left and right CGH and right uncinate fasciculus (UNC). Moreover, the high blood TEQ-PCDDs group showed significantly lower FA values in the left and right CGH and the left UNC. There were no significant differences in FA values between the groups with high and low TEQ-PCDFs levels or between the groups with high and low TEQ-PCDD/Fs levels. Discussion It was concluded that dioxin exposure during the perinatal period and adulthood may alter the microstructure of white matter tracts in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pham Ngoc Thao
- Department of Functional Diagnosis, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Muneko Nishijo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Pham The Tai
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Ngoc Nghi
- Ministry of Health, Vietnamese Government, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Vu Thi Hoa
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Viet Tien
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Kien
- Department of Military Medical Command and Organization, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Hai Anh
- Department of Physiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Yoshikazu Nishino
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of East Asia, Yamaguchi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee HA, Kyeong S, Kim DH. Long-term effects of defoliant exposure on brain atrophy progression in humans. Neurotoxicology 2022; 92:25-32. [PMID: 35830900 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
As the most toxic dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin is classified as a group 1 human carcinogen. We investigated the long-term effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure on the progression of brain atrophy in humans. We retrospectively selected 546 patients exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (exposed group) and 1353 patients not exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (control group). The patients in both groups underwent brain T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) twice. We divided the patients into two propensity score-matched groups, analyzed voxel-wise whole brain atrophy in the MRI images of each patient, and compared the progression of brain atrophy between the two groups. The exposed group showed significant brain atrophy progression in the bilateral frontal and temporal lobes, compared with the control group. The ventrolateral prefrontal area in the frontal lobe and whole temporal lobe were the main atrophic regions in the exposed group, compared with the control group. The neurotoxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin can damage the brain, even in patients exposed to it over 40 years ago. Humans exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin should thus be evaluated for progression of brain atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ah Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sohyon Kyeong
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alterations in Regional Brain Regional Volume Associated with Dioxin Exposure in Men Living in the Most Dioxin-Contaminated Area in Vietnam: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Analysis Using Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM). TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9120353. [PMID: 34941787 PMCID: PMC8703540 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9120353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the influence of dioxin exposure on brain morphometry, the present study investigated associations between dioxin exposure at high levels and brain structural irregularities in 32 Vietnamese men. Two exposure markers were used: blood dioxin levels, as a marker of exposure in adulthood, and perinatal dioxin exposure, estimated by maternal residency in a dioxin-contaminated area during pregnancy. All subjects underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. We analyzed correlations between regional gray matter volumes and blood dioxin levels, and compared regional volumes between men with and without perinatal dioxin exposure using the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) tool from Statistical Parametric Mapping 12 (SPM12). Blood 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was associated with low volume of the medial temporal pole and fusiform gyrus. Toxic equivalency (TEQ)-PCDDs were correlated with low medial temporal pole volume. However, 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD was associated with high middle frontal gyrus and cerebellum volume. In men with perinatal dioxin exposure, the left inferior frontal gyrus pars orbitalis volume was significantly lower than in those without perinatal exposure. These results suggest that dioxin exposure during the perinatal period and in adulthood may alter regional brain volume, which might lead to cognitive deficits and unusual social emotional behavior in Vietnamese men living in dioxin-contaminated areas.
Collapse
|
4
|
Martinez S, Yaffe K, Li Y, Byers AL, Peltz CB, Barnes DE. Agent Orange Exposure and Dementia Diagnosis in US Veterans of the Vietnam Era. JAMA Neurol 2021; 78:473-477. [PMID: 33492338 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.5011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Agent Orange is a powerful herbicide that contains dioxin and was used during the Vietnam War. Although prior studies have found that Agent Orange exposure is associated with increased risk of a wide range of conditions, including neurologic disorders (eg, Parkinson disease), metabolic disorders (eg, type 2 diabetes), and systemic amyloidosis, the association between Agent Orange and dementia remains unclear. Objective To examine the association between Agent Orange exposure and incident dementia diagnosis in US veterans of the Vietnam era. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included Veterans Health Administration data from October 1, 2001, and September 30, 2015, with up to 14 years of follow-up. Analyses were performed from July 2018 to October 2020. A 2% random sample of US veterans of the Vietnam era who received inpatient or outpatient Veterans Health Administration care, excluding those with dementia at baseline, those without follow-up visits, and those with unclear Agent Orange exposure status. Exposures Presumed Agent Orange exposure documented in electronic health record. Main Outcomes and Measures Fine-Gray competing risk models were used to compare the time to dementia diagnosis (with age as the time scale) for veterans with vs without presumed Agent Orange exposure (as per medical records), adjusting for demographic variables and medical and psychiatric comorbidities. Results The total sample was 511 189 individuals; after exclusions, 316 351 were included in analyses. Veterans were mostly male (n = 309 889 [98.0%]) and had a mean (SD) age of 62 (6.6) years; 38 121 (12.1%) had presumed Agent Orange exposure. Prevalence of most conditions, including Parkinson disease, diabetes, and amyloidosis, was similar at baseline among veterans with and without Agent Orange exposure. After adjusting for demographic variables and comorbidities, veterans exposed to Agent Orange were nearly twice as likely as those not exposed to receive a dementia diagnosis over a mean (SD) of 5.5 (3.8) years of follow-up (1918 of 38 121 [5.0%] vs 6886 of 278 230 [2.5%]; adjusted hazard ratio: 1.68 [95% CI, 1.59-1.77]). Veterans with Agent Orange exposure developed dementia at a mean of 1.25 years earlier (at a mean [SD] age of 67.5 [7.0] vs 68.8 [8.0] years). Conclusions and Relevance Veterans with Agent Orange exposure were nearly twice as likely to be diagnosed with dementia, even after adjusting for the competing risk of death, demographic variables, and medical and psychiatric comorbidities. Additional studies are needed to examine potential mechanisms underlying the association between Agent Orange exposure and dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Martinez
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California.,Northern California Institute for Research and Education-The Veterans Health Research Institute, San Francisco
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Yixia Li
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California.,Northern California Institute for Research and Education-The Veterans Health Research Institute, San Francisco
| | - Amy L Byers
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Carrie B Peltz
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California.,Northern California Institute for Research and Education-The Veterans Health Research Institute, San Francisco
| | - Deborah E Barnes
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pham NT, Nishijo M, Nghiem TTG, Pham TT, Tran NN, Le VQ, Vu TH, Tran HA, Phan HAV, Do Q, Takiguchi T, Nishino Y, Nishijo H. Effects of perinatal dioxin exposure on neonatal electroencephalography (EEG) activity of the quiet sleep stage in the most contaminated area from Agent Orange in Vietnam. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 232:113661. [PMID: 33296778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of perinatal dioxin exposure indicated by dioxins in breast milk on neonatal electroencephalography (EEG) power in the quiet sleep stage, and associations with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of age. STUDY DESIGN Fifty-one mother-newborn pairs were enrolled for neonatal EEG analysis in the quiet sleep stage from a birth cohort recruited at a prefecture hospital in Bien Hoa city, Vietnam. Relative EEG power in intra-burst-intervals and high-voltage-bursts in the trace alternant pattern were computed from EEG data during the quiet sleep stage. Forty-three mother-child pairs participated in a 2-year follow-up survey to examine neurodevelopment using the Bayley-III scale and gaze behavior exhibited by fixation duration on the face of a child talking in videos. The general linear model and regression linear model were used for data analysis after adjusting for confounding factors. RESULTS Perinatal dioxin exposure, particularly 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure, influenced relative EEG power values mainly in the intra-burst-interval part of the trace alternant pattern in the quiet sleep stage. In intra-burst-intervals, decreased frontal delta power and increased frontal and parietal alpha power values in the left hemisphere and temporal beta power values in the right hemisphere were associated with increased TCDD exposure, with significant dose-response relationships. Almost none of the relative power values in these brain regions were associated with Bayley III scores, but relative delta power values were significantly associated with face fixation duration in left frontal and parietal regions at 2 years of age. CONCLUSION Perinatal dioxin exposure influences neuronal activity in the quiet sleep stage, leading to poor communication ability indicated by gaze behavior in early childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Thao Pham
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Muneko Nishijo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Thi Thuy Giang Nghiem
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - The Tai Pham
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Ngoc Nghi Tran
- Ministry of Health, Vietnamese Government, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Van Quan Le
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Hoa Vu
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hai Anh Tran
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Huy Anh Vu Phan
- Department of Health, Dongnai Prefectural Government, Bienhoa, Dongnai, Viet Nam
| | - Quyet Do
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Tomoya Takiguchi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nishino
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dai Q, Xu X, Eskenazi B, Asante KA, Chen A, Fobil J, Bergman Å, Brennan L, Sly PD, Nnorom IC, Pascale A, Wang Q, Zeng EY, Zeng Z, Landrigan PJ, Bruné Drisse MN, Huo X. Severe dioxin-like compound (DLC) contamination in e-waste recycling areas: An under-recognized threat to local health. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 139:105731. [PMID: 32315892 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) burning and recycling activities have become one of the main emission sources of dioxin-like compounds (DLCs). Workers involved in e-waste recycling operations and residents living near e-waste recycling sites (EWRS) are exposed to high levels of DLCs. Epidemiological and experimental in vivo studies have reported a range of interconnected responses in multiple systems with DLC exposure. However, due to the compositional complexity of DLCs and difficulties in assessing mixture effects of the complex mixture of e-waste-related contaminants, there are few studies concerning human health outcomes related to DLC exposure at informal EWRS. In this paper, we have reviewed the environmental levels and body burdens of DLCs at EWRS and compared them with the levels reported to be associated with observable adverse effects to assess the health risks of DLC exposure at EWRS. In general, DLC concentrations at EWRS of many countries have been decreasing in recent years due to stricter regulations on e-waste recycling activities, but the contamination status is still severe. Comparison with available data from industrial sites and well-known highly DLC contaminated areas shows that high levels of DLCs derived from crude e-waste recycling processes lead to elevated body burdens. The DLC levels in human blood and breast milk at EWRS are higher than those reported in some epidemiological studies that are related to various health impacts. The estimated total daily intakes of DLCs for people in EWRS far exceed the WHO recommended total daily intake limit. It can be inferred that people living in EWRS with high DLC contamination have higher health risks. Therefore, more well-designed epidemiological studies are urgently needed to focus on the health effects of DLC pollution in EWRS. Continuous monitoring of the temporal trends of DLC levels in EWRS after actions is of highest importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Dai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, China
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | | | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julius Fobil
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Åke Bergman
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Sweden; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, China
| | - Lesley Brennan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter D Sly
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Antonio Pascale
- Department of Toxicology, University of the Republic, Uruguay
| | - Qihua Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, China
| | - Zhijun Zeng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | | | - Marie-Noel Bruné Drisse
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Xia Huo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pelclova D, Talacko P, Navratil T, Zamostna B, Fenclova Z, Vlckova S, Zakharov S. Can proteomics predict the prognosis in chronic dioxin intoxication? MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
8
|
Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Fürst P, Håkansson H, Halldorsson T, Lundebye AK, Pohjanvirta R, Rylander L, Smith A, van Loveren H, Waalkens-Berendsen I, Zeilmaker M, Binaglia M, Gómez Ruiz JÁ, Horváth Z, Christoph E, Ciccolallo L, Ramos Bordajandi L, Steinkellner H, Hoogenboom LR. Risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in feed and food. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05333. [PMID: 32625737 PMCID: PMC7009407 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins (PCDD/Fs) and DL-PCBs in feed and food. The data from experimental animal and epidemiological studies were reviewed and it was decided to base the human risk assessment on effects observed in humans and to use animal data as supportive evidence. The critical effect was on semen quality, following pre- and postnatal exposure. The critical study showed a NOAEL of 7.0 pg WHO2005-TEQ/g fat in blood sampled at age 9 years based on PCDD/F-TEQs. No association was observed when including DL-PCB-TEQs. Using toxicokinetic modelling and taking into account the exposure from breastfeeding and a twofold higher intake during childhood, it was estimated that daily exposure in adolescents and adults should be below 0.25 pg TEQ/kg bw/day. The CONTAM Panel established a TWI of 2 pg TEQ/kg bw/week. With occurrence and consumption data from European countries, the mean and P95 intake of total TEQ by Adolescents, Adults, Elderly and Very Elderly varied between, respectively, 2.1 to 10.5, and 5.3 to 30.4 pg TEQ/kg bw/week, implying a considerable exceedance of the TWI. Toddlers and Other Children showed a higher exposure than older age groups, but this was accounted for when deriving the TWI. Exposure to PCDD/F-TEQ only was on average 2.4- and 2.7-fold lower for mean and P95 exposure than for total TEQ. PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs are transferred to milk and eggs, and accumulate in fatty tissues and liver. Transfer rates and bioconcentration factors were identified for various species. The CONTAM Panel was not able to identify reference values in most farm and companion animals with the exception of NOAELs for mink, chicken and some fish species. The estimated exposure from feed for these species does not imply a risk.
Collapse
|
9
|
Pelclova D, Navratil T, Vlckova S, Fenclova Z, Pelcl T, Kacerova T, Kacer P. Exhaled breath condensate biomarkers reflect systemic changes in patients with chronic dioxin intoxication. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
10
|
Yang Y, Giau VV, An SSA, Kim S. Plasma Oligomeric Beta Amyloid in Alzheimer's Disease with History of Agent Orange Exposure. Dement Neurocogn Disord 2018; 17:41-49. [PMID: 30906391 PMCID: PMC6427972 DOI: 10.12779/dnd.2018.17.2.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE During the Vietnam War, many Korean soldiers were exposed to Agent Orange. Until now, there existed only limited evidence of association between exposure to Agent Orange and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The main pathological feature of AD is brain amyloidosis. To explore the pathophysiological characteristic of AD with Agent Orange exposure, we compared newly developed amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomer levels in plasma between AD with Agent Orange exposure and without exposure. METHODS We recruited 48 AD patients with Agent Orange exposure and 66 AD patients without Agent Orange. Using the Multimer Detection System technique, which was based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we measured Aβ oligomers in the plasma of study subjects. RESULTS Compared to normal control patients, plasma Aβ oligomer levels were higher in AD patients regardless of history of Agent Orange exposure. However, AD patients with Agent Orange exposure showed higher plasma Aβ oligomer levels than AD patients without Agent Orange. DISCUSSION This study showed higher plasma Aβ oligomer levels in AD patients with Agent Orange exposure compared to AD patients without Agent Orange. This finding suggests the possibility of a different pathophysiology of AD patients with Agent Orange exposure from AD patients without Agent Orange.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YoungSoon Yang
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Vo Van Giau
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Neurocognitive Behavior Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pelcl T, Skrha J, Prazny M, Vlckova S, Fenclova Z, Navratil T, Malik J, Diblik P, Zikan V, Pelclova D. Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disorders and 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin Body Burden in Czech Patients 50 Years After the Intoxication. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 123:356-359. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Pelcl
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine; 1st Faculty of Medicine; Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Skrha
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine; 1st Faculty of Medicine; Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Martin Prazny
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine; 1st Faculty of Medicine; Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Stepanka Vlckova
- Department of Occupational Medicine; 1st Faculty of Medicine; Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Fenclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine; 1st Faculty of Medicine; Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Navratil
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS CR, v.v.i.; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Malik
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine; 1st Faculty of Medicine; Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Diblik
- Department of Ophthalmology; 1st Faculty of Medicine; Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Vit Zikan
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine; 1st Faculty of Medicine; Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Pelclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine; 1st Faculty of Medicine; Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ames J, Warner M, Brambilla P, Mocarelli P, Satariano WA, Eskenazi B. Neurocognitive and physical functioning in the Seveso Women's Health Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 162:55-62. [PMID: 29287180 PMCID: PMC5811349 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is neurotoxic in animals but few studies have investigated its effects on the human brain. Related dioxin-like compounds have been linked to poorer cognitive and motor function in older adults, with effects more pronounced in women, perhaps due to the loss of neuro-protective estrogen in menopause. On 10 July 1976, a chemical explosion in Seveso, Italy, resulted in one of the highest known residential exposures to TCDD. In 1996, we initiated the Seveso Women's Health Study, a retrospective cohort study of the health of the women who were newborn to 40 years old in 1976. Here, we investigate whether TCDD exposure is associated with physical functioning and working memory more than 20 years later. Individual TCDD concentration (ppt) was measured in archived serum collected soon after the explosion. In 1996 and 2008, we measured physical functioning (n=154) and working memory (n=459), respectively. We examined associations between serum TCDD and motor and cognitive outcomes with multivariate linear regression and semi-parametric estimators. A 10-fold increase in serum TCDD was not associated with walking speed (adjusted β=0.0006ft/s, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): -0.13, 0.13), upper body mobility (adjusted β=-0.06, 95% CI: -0.36, 0.23), or manual dexterity (adjusted β=0.34, 95% CI: -0.65, 1.33). We observed an inverted U-shaped association in grip strength, with poorer strength in the lowest and highest TCDD exposure levels. There was no association between TCDD and the Wechsler digit and spatial span tests. Neither menopause status at assessment nor developmental timing of exposure modified associations between TCDD and working memory. Our findings, in one of the only studies of TCDD's effects on neuropsychological and physical functioning in women, do not indicate an adverse effect on these domains, with the exception of a U-shaped relationship with grip strength. Given the limited assessment and relative youth of the women at this follow-up, future work examining additional neuropsychological outcomes is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ames
- Center for Environmental Research & Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Marcella Warner
- Center for Environmental Research & Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, School of Medicine, Hospital of Desio, Desio-Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Mocarelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, School of Medicine, Hospital of Desio, Desio-Milano, Italy
| | | | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research & Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
't Mannetje A, Eng A, Walls C, Dryson E, Douwes J, Bertazzi P, Ryder-Lewis S, Scott D, Brooks C, McLean D, Cheng S, Pearce N. Morbidity in New Zealand pesticide producers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 110:22-31. [PMID: 29031942 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To conduct a cross-sectional morbidity survey among 245 former employees of a pesticide production plant exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in New Zealand. METHODS Demographic factors and health information were collected in face-to-face interviews. TCDD, lipids, thyroid hormones, glucose and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were determined in non-fasting blood. For 111 participants, a neurological examination was conducted. Associations between health outcomes and working in a TCDD exposed job (prevalence 49%) and serum TCDD concentration≥10pg/g lipid (18%) were assessed using logistic regression whilst controlling for age, gender, smoking, body mass index and ethnicity. RESULTS Diabetes was more common in those who had worked in TCDD exposed jobs (OR 4.0, 95%CI 1.0-15.4) and in those with serum TCDD ≥10pg/g (OR 3.1, 95%CI 0.9-10.7). Non-fasting glucose levels >6.6mmol/l were more common in those with TCDD exposed jobs (OR 3.6, 95%CI 1.0-12.9), as were serum free thyroxine 4<12.8pmol/l (OR 4.5, 95%CI 1.4-14.4), triglycerides >1.7mmol/l (OR 2.5, 95%CI 1.1-5.7) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) <1mmol/l (OR 4.0, 95%CI 1.2-13.2). IgG was negatively associated with TCDD (linear regression p=0.05). The neurological examination revealed a higher frequency of abnormal reflexes in those with serum TCDD ≥10pg/g (OR 4.8, 95%CI 1.1-21.0). CONCLUSIONS In this occupationally exposed population, TCDD was associated with an increased risk of diabetes and a range of subclinical responses in multiple systems (peripheral nervous system, immune system, thyroid hormones and lipid metabolism), several decades after last exposure. These results need to be interpreted with caution due to the small study size and the cross-sectional nature of the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea 't Mannetje
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, PO Box 756, Wellington 6021, New Zealand.
| | - Amanda Eng
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, PO Box 756, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Chris Walls
- Occupational Medicine, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Evan Dryson
- Occupational Medicine, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jeroen Douwes
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, PO Box 756, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Pier Bertazzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Collin Brooks
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, PO Box 756, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Dave McLean
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, PO Box 756, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Soo Cheng
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, PO Box 756, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Neil Pearce
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pelclova D, Urban P, Fenclova Z, Vlckova S, Ridzon P, Kupka K, Meckova Z, Bezdicek O, Navratil T, Rosmus J, Zakharov S. Neurological and Neurophysiological Findings in Workers with Chronic 2,3,7,8‐Tetrachlorodibenzo‐
p
‐Dioxin Intoxication 50 Years After Exposure. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 122:271-277. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pelclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Urban
- Department of Occupational Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
- National Institute of Public Health Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Fenclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Stepanka Vlckova
- Department of Occupational Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ridzon
- Department of Occupational Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Karel Kupka
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Meckova
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Bezdicek
- Department of Neurology First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Navratil
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, v.v.i. Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Rosmus
- State Veterinary Institute Prague Chemistry Czech Republic
| | - Sergey Zakharov
- Department of Occupational Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao J, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Wang C, Mao J, Li T, Wang X, Nie X, Jiang S, Wu Q. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure influence the expression of glutamate transporter GLT-1 in C6 glioma cells via the Ca(2+) /protein kinase C pathway. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:1409-17. [PMID: 26988466 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The widespread environmental contaminant, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), is considered one of the most toxic dioxin-like compounds. Although epidemiological studies have shown that TCDD exposure is linked to some neurological and neurophysiological disorders, the underlying mechanism of TCDD-mediated neurotoxicity has remained unclear. Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the nervous systems, and are recognized as the important mediators of normal brain functions as well as neurological, neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative brain diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of TCDD in regulating the expression of glutamate transporter GLT-1 in astrocytes. TCDD, at concentrations of 0.1-100 nm, had no significantly harmful effect on the viability of C6 glioma cells. However, the expression of GLT-1 in C6 glioma cells was downregulated in a dose- and time-dependent manner. TCDD also caused activation of protein kinase C (PKC), as TCDD induced translocation of the PKC from the cytoplasm or perinuclear to the membrane. The translocation of PKC was inhibited by one Ca(2+) blocker, nifedipine, suggesting that the effects are triggered by the initial elevated intracellular concentration of free Ca(2+) . Finally, we showed that inhibition of the PKC activity reverses the TCDD-triggered reduction of GLT-1. In summary, our results suggested that TCDD exposure could downregulate the expression of GLT-1 in C6 via Ca(2+) /PKC pathway. The downregulation of GLT-1 might participate in TCDD-mediated neurotoxicity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianya Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmei Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Mao
- Department of Labor and Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Labor and Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- Department of Labor and Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoke Nie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyang Jiang
- Department of Labor and Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyun Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Toxic neuropathy, although rare, is an important consideration in the setting of a known or suspected toxic exposure in the workplace or other environment. This chapter discusses the clinical and electrodiagnostic evaluation of peripheral neuropathies, highlighting findings that direct further workup and may point to specific toxins as etiology. The difficulty of establishing causality of a toxin in relation to peripheral neuropathy is discussed; guidelines for establishing causality are presented. Examples of common industrial toxins are listed, including their typical industrial uses and their mechanisms of action in producing neuropathy. Characteristic clinical presentations of specific toxic neuropathies are highlighted with selected case studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann A Little
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James W Albers
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nie X, Liang L, Xi H, Jiang S, Jiang J, Tang C, Liu X, Liu S, Wan C, Zhao J, Yang J. 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induces premature senescence of astrocytes via WNT/β-catenin signaling and ROS production. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 35:851-60. [PMID: 25382668 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that could exert significant neurotoxicity in the human nervous system. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism underlying TCDD-mediated neurotoxicity has not been clarified clearly. Herein, we investigated the potential role of TCDD in facilitating premature senescence in astrocytes and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Using the senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) assay, we demonstrated that TCDD exposure triggered significant premature senescence of astrocyte cells, which was accompanied by a marked activation of the Wingless and int (WNT)/β-catenin signaling pathway. In addition, TCDD altered the expression of senescence marker proteins, such as p16, p21 and GFAP, which together have been reported to be upregulated in aging astrocytes, in both dose- and time-dependent manners. Further, TCDD led to cell-cycle arrest, F-actin reorganization and the accumulation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) markedly attenuated TCDD-induced ROS production, cellular oxidative damage and astrocyte senescence. Notably, the application of XAV939, an inhibitor of WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, ameliorated the effect of TCDD on cellular β-catenin level, ROS production, cellular oxidative damage and premature senescence in astrocytes. In summary, our findings indicated that TCDD might induce astrocyte senescence via WNT/β-catenin and ROS-dependent mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Nie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Lingwei Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Hanqing Xi
- Department of Disease Prevention, Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Shengyang Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Junkang Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Cuiying Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Xipeng Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Suyi Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Chunhua Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Jianya Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Jianbin Yang
- Department of Disease Prevention, Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Human urinary biomarkers of dioxin exposure: Analysis by metabolomics and biologically driven data dimensionality reduction. Toxicol Lett 2014; 230:234-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
19
|
Yi SW, Hong JS, Ohrr H, Yi JJ. Agent Orange exposure and disease prevalence in Korean Vietnam veterans: the Korean veterans health study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 133:56-65. [PMID: 24906069 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Between 1961 and 1971, military herbicides were used by the United States and allied forces for military purposes. Agent Orange, the most-used herbicide, was a mixture of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and contained an impurity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Many Korean Vietnam veterans were exposed to Agent Orange during the Vietnam War. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between Agent Orange exposure and the prevalence of diseases of the endocrine, nervous, circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems. The Agent Orange exposure was assessed by a geographic information system-based model. A total of 111,726 Korean Vietnam veterans were analyzed for prevalence using the Korea National Health Insurance claims data from January 2000 to September 2005. After adjusting for covariates, the high exposure group had modestly elevated odds ratios (ORs) for endocrine diseases combined and neurologic diseases combined. The adjusted ORs were significantly higher in the high exposure group than in the low exposure group for hypothyroidism (OR=1.13), autoimmune thyroiditis (OR=1.93), diabetes mellitus (OR=1.04), other endocrine gland disorders including pituitary gland disorders (OR=1.43), amyloidosis (OR=3.02), systemic atrophies affecting the nervous system including spinal muscular atrophy (OR=1.27), Alzheimer disease (OR=1.64), peripheral polyneuropathies (OR=1.09), angina pectoris (OR=1.04), stroke (OR=1.09), chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) including chronic bronchitis (OR=1.05) and bronchiectasis (OR=1.16), asthma (OR=1.04), peptic ulcer (OR=1.03), and liver cirrhosis (OR=1.08). In conclusion, Agent Orange exposure increased the prevalence of endocrine disorders, especially in the thyroid and pituitary gland; various neurologic diseases; COPD; and liver cirrhosis. Overall, this study suggests that Agent Orange/2,4-D/TCDD exposure several decades earlier may increase morbidity from various diseases, some of which have rarely been explored in previous epidemiologic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Wook Yi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Beomil-ro 579-beongil 24, Naegok-dong, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 210-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Seok Hong
- Research Department, Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service, 22 Banpo-daero, 11F, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-927, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heechoul Ohrr
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Repulbic of Korea.
| | - Jee-Jeon Yi
- Institute for Occupational and Environmental Health, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Beomil-ro 579-beongil 24, Naegok-dong, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 210-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
2,3,7,8-TCDD induces neurotoxicity and neuronal apoptosis in the rat brain cortex and PC12 cell line through the down-regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Neurotoxicology 2013; 37:63-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
21
|
Berr C, Vercambre M, Bonenfant S, Singh Manoux A, Zins M, Goldberg M. Occupational exposure to solvents and cognitive performance in the GAZEL cohort: preliminary results. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2010; 30:12-9. [PMID: 20606440 PMCID: PMC2945272 DOI: 10.1159/000315498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of occupational exposure to solvents on cognitive ageing remains unclear. We examined whether long-term occupational exposure is associated with poor cognitive performance in late midlife. METHODS Participants in the GAZEL cohort, set up in 1989, are employees of the French national electricity and gas company. Data on the working environment were used to create measures of cumulative exposures to solvents using a job-exposure matrix. In 2002-2004, cognitive performance was assessed using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) and the Mini Mental State Examination in 5,242 participants (aged 55-65 years). RESULTS In cross-sectional analysis using multiple logistic regression, there was a greater risk of poor cognitive performance (DSST score <25th percentile) among those with high exposure to benzene (OR = 1.58; 95% CI 1.31-1.90) and the grouped categories of chlorinated (OR = 1.39; 95% CI 1.3-2.3), aromatic (OR = 1.76; 95% CI 1.08-2.87), and petroleum solvents (OR = 1.50; 95% CI 1.23-1.81). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that occupational exposures to solvents may be associated later in life with cognitive impairment, even after taking into account the effects of education, employment grade, and numerous health factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Berr
- INSERM, U888, Pathologies du système nerveux: recherche épidémiologique et clinique, Université Montpellier I., Hôpital La Colombière, Montpellier, France,CMRR Languedoc Roussillon, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, Paris, France,*Claudine Berr, INSERM U888, Hôpital La Colombière, 39 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 34493, FR–34093 Montpellier, Cedex 5 (France), Tel. +33 4 99 614 566, Fax +33 4 99 614 579, E-Mail
| | - M.N. Vercambre
- INSERM, U888, Pathologies du système nerveux: recherche épidémiologique et clinique, Université Montpellier I., Hôpital La Colombière, Montpellier, France,MGEN, Foundation for Public Health, Paris, France
| | - S. Bonenfant
- INSERM, U1018, Université Versailles Saint Quentin, Paris, France
| | - A. Singh Manoux
- INSERM, U1018, Université Versailles Saint Quentin, Paris, France,Centre de gérontologie, Hôpital Ste Périne, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - M. Zins
- INSERM, U1018, Université Versailles Saint Quentin, Paris, France
| | - M. Goldberg
- INSERM, U1018, Université Versailles Saint Quentin, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Olivero-Verbel J, Cabarcas-Montalvo M, Ortega-Zúñiga C. Theoretical targets for TCDD: a bioinformatics approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 80:1160-1166. [PMID: 20605043 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins are a group of highly toxic molecules that exert their toxicity through the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The most important agonist of the AhR, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a highly toxic compound. Although most of the effects related to TCDD exposure have been linked to the activation of AhR, the objective of this work was to use a bioinformatics approach to identify possible new targets for TCDD. The Target Fishing Docking (TarFisDock) Server was used to find target proteins for TCDD. This virtual screening allowed the identification of binding sites with high affinity for TCDD in diverse proteins, such as metallopeptidases 8 and 3, oxidosqualene cyclase, and myeloperoxidase. Some of these proteins are well known for their biochemical role in some pathological effects of dioxin exposure, including endometriosis, diabetes, inflammation and liver damage. These results suggest that TCDD could also be interacting with cellular targets though AhR-independent pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Alexeyenko A, Wassenberg DM, Lobenhofer EK, Yen J, Linney E, Sonnhammer ELL, Meyer JN. Dynamic zebrafish interactome reveals transcriptional mechanisms of dioxin toxicity. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10465. [PMID: 20463971 PMCID: PMC2864754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In order to generate hypotheses regarding the mechanisms by which 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin) causes toxicity, we analyzed global gene expression changes in developing zebrafish embryos exposed to this potent toxicant in the context of a dynamic gene network. For this purpose, we also computationally inferred a zebrafish (Danio rerio) interactome based on orthologs and interaction data from other eukaryotes. Methodology/Principal Findings Using novel computational tools to analyze this interactome, we distinguished between dioxin-dependent and dioxin-independent interactions between proteins, and tracked the temporal propagation of dioxin-dependent transcriptional changes from a few genes that were altered initially, to large groups of biologically coherent genes at later times. The most notable processes altered at later developmental stages were calcium and iron metabolism, embryonic morphogenesis including neuronal and retinal development, a variety of mitochondria-related functions, and generalized stress response (not including induction of antioxidant genes). Within the interactome, many of these responses were connected to cytochrome P4501A (cyp1a) as well as other genes that were dioxin-regulated one day after exposure. This suggests that cyp1a may play a key role initiating the toxic dysregulation of those processes, rather than serving simply as a passive marker of dioxin exposure, as suggested by earlier research. Conclusions/Significance Thus, a powerful microarray experiment coupled with a flexible interactome and multi-pronged interactome tools (which are now made publicly available for microarray analysis and related work) suggest the hypothesis that dioxin, best known in fish as a potent cardioteratogen, has many other targets. Many of these types of toxicity have been observed in mammalian species and are potentially caused by alterations to cyp1a.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Alexeyenko
- Stockholm Bioinformatics Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Deena M. Wassenberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Jerry Yen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elwood Linney
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Joel N. Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lee EH, Choi K, Chae HJ, Paek D. [Usefulness of color vision test for early detection of neurological damages by neurotoxic substances]. J Prev Med Public Health 2008; 41:397-406. [PMID: 19037169 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.6.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the published literature that is concerned with color vision impairment from industrial and environmental exposure to neurotoxic substances, and we evaluated whether testing for color vision impairment could be an affordable procedure for assessing these neurotoxic effects. In general, most cases of congenital color vision impairment are red-green, and blue-yellow impairment is extremely rare. However, most of the acquired color vision impairment that is related to age, alcohol or environmental factors is blue-yellow impairment. Therefore, many studies have been performed to identify this relationship between exposure to neurotoxic substances, such as organic solvents and heavy metals, and the prevalence of blue-yellow color vision impairment. The test for color vision impairment is known to be very sensitive to the early signs of nervous system dysfunction and this can be useful for making the early diagnosis of neurotoxic effects from exposure to very low concentrations of toxic substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hee Lee
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|