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Wu Y, Zhou H, Ci X, Lu J. Low T3 syndrome is associated with the severity of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease exacerbation. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1357633. [PMID: 38835837 PMCID: PMC11148359 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1357633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a rare autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, (CNS) different from multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). While numerous studies have delved into the involvement of thyroid antibodies (ATAbs) and thyroid function in NMOSD and MS. The objective of this study is to explore the clinical significance of thyroid dysfunction and ATAbs abnormalities in adult patients with MOGAD. Methods 36 adult inpatients diagnosed with MOGAD and 47 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of low T3 syndrome. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and results of auxiliary examinations were compared across the subgroups. Moreover, an analysis was conducted to explore the correlations between thyroid hormone levels and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores. Results Thyroid dysfunction was notably more frequent in MOGAD patients than healthy controls (p < 0.0001), particularly low T3 syndrome (p=0.03). Furthermore, subgroup analyses revealed that the low T3 syndrome group exhibited higher EDSS scores and a higher proportion of individuals with EDSS scores > 3, in comparison to the non-low T3 syndrome group (p = 0.014, p = 0.046). However, no significant differences were observed in demographic characteristics, annual relapse rates, clinical phenotypes, laboratory and MRI results, and EEG abnormalities between the two groups. Additional Spearman's analysis showed significantly negative correlations between the TT3 and FT3 levels with EDSS scores (r = -0.367, p = 0.028; r = -0.377, p = 0.024). Typical brain lesions and paralateral ventricle lesions were significantly rare in patients with positive ATAbs compared to those with negative ATAbs (p = 0.0001, p = 0.03), although the incidence of ATAbs abnormalities did not differ significantly between MOGAD patients and healthy controls. Conclusions Overall, this study confirmed thyroid dysfunction, especially low T3 syndrome, is frequent in adult MOGAD patients. Patients with low T3 syndrome exhibited elevated EDSS scores and a significantly higher incidence of unfavorable condition. additionally, the correlation analysis model manifests that FT3 and TT3 levels were negatively correlated with EDSS scores. These evidences indicate that low T3 syndrome is associated with the severity of MOGAD exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojiao Ci
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Gautam S, Bhattarai A, Shah S, Thapa S, Gyawali P, Khanal P, Kharel A, Sharma P, Subedi P, Chand S, Mirmosayyeb O. The association of multiple sclerosis with thyroid disease: A meta-analysis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 80:105103. [PMID: 37925961 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with T-cell-mediated inflammation showing different clinical and pathological phenotypes. The relationship between MS and thyroid diseases has been debated, with varying research outcomes. This meta-analysis aims to clarify the association between different thyroid diseases and MS. METHODS Databases PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science were searched electronically for the studies investigating the association of thyroid disorders in MS. Studies were selected based on the eligibility criteria and meta-analysis was performed on Review Manager Version 5.4 using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the clinical subtypes of thyroid disorders and forest plots were generated to interpret the findings. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's and Begg's tests and interpreted into funnel plots. Sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the effect of the exclusion of each study on the pooled odds ratio. RESULTS Inclusive of thirteen studies comprising 13,012 MS cases and 56,850 controls, our analysis unveiled notable findings. pwMS displayed a significantly elevated prevalence of both hypothyroidism (Odds Ratio [OR]: 2.29, 95 % Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.16-4.49, pvalue: 0.02, I2 = 27 %) and autoimmune thyroid disorder (OR: 1.70, 95 % CI: 1.02-2.85, pvalue: 0.04, I2 = 79 %). The collective prevalence of all thyroid diseases among pwMS was markedly higher (OR: 1.60, 95 % CI: 1.20-2.11, p-value: 0.001, I2 = 61 %). Furthermore, gender-specific analyses revealed that females with MS experienced a significantly increased prevalence of thyroid disorders compared to their male counterparts. (pooled odds ratio 2.38,95 % CI 1.11-5.10, p-value: 0.03, I2 = 28 %) CONCLUSION: This comprehensive meta-analysis establishes a significant association between thyroid diseases and MS, substantiating the increased risk of thyroid disorders in pwMS. Moreover, the gender-based analysis implicates a potentially significant interaction between gender and the observed association. These findings collectively contribute to a better understanding of the complex interplay between MS and thyroid diseases, offering crucial insights for both clinical management and future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushan Gautam
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Sangam Shah
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sangharsha Thapa
- Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
| | | | - Pitambar Khanal
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Arun Kharel
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Prakash Sharma
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Prativa Subedi
- KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Swati Chand
- Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Omid Mirmosayyeb
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Wang X, Wang Y, Zhang X, Hong X, Rang X, Yang D, Huang S, Xu C, Fu J. Establishment of comorbidity target pools and prediction of drugs candidate for multiple sclerosis and autoimmune thyroid diseases based on GWAS and transcriptome data. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 78:104903. [PMID: 37556937 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical observation has revealed that multiple sclerosis (MS) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) are strongly correlated. The aim of this study was to explore the shared molecular causes of MS and AITD, and to conduct drug rearrangement on this basis, search for comorbidity drugs and feasible drugs for mutual reference between the two diseases. METHODS Based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) data and transcriptome data, susceptibility genes and differentially expressed genes related to MS and AITD were identified by bioinformatics analysis. Pathway enrichment, gene ontology (GO), protein-protein interaction analysis, and gene-pathway network analysis of the above genes were performed to identify a common target pool, including common genes, common hub genes, and common pathways, and to explore the specific pathogenesis of the two diseases, respectively. Drugs that target the common pathways/genes were identified through the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), DrugBank database, and Drug-Gene Interaction (DGI) Database. Common hub genes were compared with the target genes of drugs approved for treating MS/AITD and drugs under investigation identified by DrugBank and ClinicalTrials, respectively. RESULTS We identified a pool of shared targets containing genes and pathways, including 46 common genetic susceptibility pathways and 9 common differentially expressed pathways, including JAK-STAT signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer, etc. In addition, a total of 29 hub genes, including TYK2, JAK1, STAT3, IL2RA, HLA-DRB1, and TLR3, were identified. Drugs approved for treating MS or AITD, such as methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide, glatiramer, natalizumab, and methimazole, can target the shared genes and pathways, among which methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide have been shown to be beneficial for the treatment of the two diseases, indicating that these drugs have the potential to become a priority in the treatment of comorbidities. Moreover, drugs targeting multiple common genes and pathways, including tacrolimus, deucravacitinib, and nivolumab, were identified as potential drugs for the treatment of MS, AITD, and their comorbidities. CONCLUSION We observed that T-cell activation-related genes and pathways play a major role in the pathogenesis of both MS and AITD, which may be the molecular basis of the comorbidity. Moreover, we identified a variety of drugs which may be used as priority or potential treatments for comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiangxiang Hong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xinming Rang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chaohan Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Jin Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Nociti V, Romozzi M. Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Comorbidities. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111828. [PMID: 36579555 PMCID: PMC9698878 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by broad inter- and intraindividual heterogeneity and different prognoses. Multisystem comorbidities are frequent features in people with MS (PwMS) and can affect treatment choices, quality of life, disability and mortality. In this scenario, autoimmune comorbidities play a cardinal role for several reasons, such as the implication on MS pathogenesis, diagnostic delay, disease activity, disability progression, brain atrophy, and treatment choice. However, the impact of an autoimmune comorbid condition on MS is not fully elucidated. This review aims to summarize the currently available data on the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune diseases in PwMS, the possible effect of this association on clinical and neuroradiological MS course and its impact on treatment choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Nociti
- Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘Agostino Gemelli’ IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Marina Romozzi
- Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘Agostino Gemelli’ IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Yang M, Lian Y. Clinical Features and Early Recognition of 242 Cases of Autoimmune Encephalitis. Front Neurol 2022; 12:803752. [PMID: 35095744 PMCID: PMC8793487 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.803752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the clinical features of common autoimmune encephalitis and evaluate the sensitivity of antibodies contributing to focal epilepsy signs and symptoms (ACES) score. Methods: Collecting and analyzing the data of 242 patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AE) diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2015 to December 2020 in this retrospective study. The six items of the ACES score (cognitive symptoms, behavioral changes, autonomic symptoms, speech problems, autoimmune diseases, temporal MRI hyperintensities) were screened in patients with complete clinical data. Results: (1) In total, 242 patients were included, with 147 cases of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis, 47 cases of anti-γ-aminobutyric acid type B (GABA-B) receptor encephalitis, and 48 cases of anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivating protein 1 (LGI1) encephalitis. The most common clinical symptoms are cognitive impairment (77%), behavioral changes (79%), and seizures (71%). In total, 129 cases (54%) combined with autonomic dysfunction, such as gastrointestinal dysmotility, sinus tachycardia, and central hypoventilation. Twelve patients had autoimmune diseases, most of which were of thyroid diseases. (2) One hundred and twenty-seven patients with complete clinical data evaluated ACES score, 126 cases of whom (126/127, 99.2%) were equal to or >2 points, 1 case (1/127, 0.8%) was of <2 points. Interpretation: (1) Cognitive impairment, abnormal behavior, and seizures are the most common manifestations of AE and autonomic symptoms. Thyroid disease is the most autoimmune disease in AE. Clinically, for patients of suspected AE, increasing the knowledge and testing of thyroid function and rheumatism is necessary. (2) ACES score is a simple, effective, and easy-to-operate score, with a certain screening value for most patients suspected of AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yajun Lian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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6
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Chen Z, Zhang Y, Cui L, Huang H, Chen W, Su Y. Presence of Anti-Thyroid Antibodies Correlate to Worse Outcome of Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:725950. [PMID: 34566983 PMCID: PMC8456002 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.725950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the characteristics and prognosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis with the prevalence of anti-thyroid antibodies (ATAbs). Methods The clinical data of anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients admitted to Xuanwu Hospital from January 2012 to August 2018 was prospectively analyzed, and the patients were followed up for 24 months. Results A total of 120 patients were enrolled, of which 34.2% (41/120) were positive for ATAbs. The antibodies were more frequent in patients with severe disease compared to the non-severe group (51.4% vs. 25.6%, P=0.008). In addition, prevalence of ATAbs correlated with a higher incidence of disturbed consciousness, autonomic dysfunction, central hypoventilation and mechanical ventilation. The ATAbs-positive patients were also more likely to receive intravenous gamma immunoglobulin and immunosuppressor compared to the ATAbs-negative cases (P=0.006; P=0.035). Although the presence of ATAbs was associated with longer hospital stays and worse prognosis at 6 months (P=0.006; P=0.038), it had no impact on long-term patient prognosis. Positive status of anti-thyroglobulin antibody was an independent risk factor for worse prognosis at 6 months [odds ratio (OR)= 3.907, 95% CI: 1.178-12.958, P=0.026]. Conclusion ATAbs are prevalent in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, especially in severe cases, and correlate with poor prognosis and impaired short-term neurological recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sleep and Consciousness Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huijin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weibi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Su
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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7
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Anti-thyroid antibodies and thyroid function in anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Neurochem Int 2017; 113:107-111. [PMID: 29203399 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Greer JM, Broadley S, Pender MP. Reactivity to Novel Autoantigens in Patients with Coexisting Central Nervous System Demyelinating Disease and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. Front Immunol 2017; 8:514. [PMID: 28533776 PMCID: PMC5420580 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest a definite and unique link between CNS demyelinating diseases and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). The aim of the current study was to systematically compare the clinical and laboratory features of patients with coexistent AITD and CNS demyelinating disease with those of patients with just CNS demyelinating disease. Forty-four patients with coexisting CNS demyelinating disease and AITD were identified and their clinical and radiological features were recorded. Blood and DNA were collected and tested for HLA type and for the response of T cells and antibodies to a variety of antigens. Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) without AITD and healthy individuals were included as controls. Patients with coexisting AITD and CNS demyelinating disease were almost exclusively female (43/44) and had prominent spinal cord involvement as the main neurological finding. The HLA molecules carried by individuals with CNS demyelinating disease and AITD differed from both other MS patients and healthy individuals. Furthermore, patients with both CNS disease and AITD showed less T cell reactivity than patients with MS alone to myelin proteolipid protein, but, compared to other groups, showed elevated levels of T cell reactivity to the calcitonin gene-related peptide, which is present in both the CNS and the thyroid, and elevated levels of T cell and antibody to the leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 4 (LGR4), a molecule that is expressed in the brainstem and spinal cord, and which is a homolog of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. We suggest that reactivity of autoreactive immune cells in these patients against antigens present in both the thyroid and the spinal cord is a potential mechanism underlying the pattern of lesion development in the CNS in patients with coexisting AITD and MS and might indicate a novel mechanism of disease pathogenesis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Greer
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon Broadley
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael P Pender
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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9
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Ayache SS, Chalah MA. Fatigue in multiple sclerosis – Insights into evaluation and management. Neurophysiol Clin 2017; 47:139-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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10
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Wang X, Yi H, Liu J, Li M, Mao ZF, Xu L, Peng FH. Anti-thyroid antibodies and thyroid function in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. J Neurol Sci 2016; 366:3-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Marrie RA, Miller A, Sormani MP, Thompson A, Waubant E, Trojano M, O'Connor P, Fiest K, Reider N, Reingold S, Cohen JA. Recommendations for observational studies of comorbidity in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2016; 86:1446-1453. [PMID: 26865523 PMCID: PMC4831039 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To reach consensus about the most relevant comorbidities to study in multiple sclerosis (MS) with respect to incidence, prevalence, and effect on outcomes; review datasets that may support studies of comorbidity in MS; and identify MS outcomes that should be prioritized in such studies. METHODS We held an international workshop to meet these objectives, informed by a systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of comorbidity in MS, and an international survey regarding research priorities for comorbidity. RESULTS We recommend establishing age- and sex-specific incidence and prevalence estimates for 5 comorbidities (depression, anxiety, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes); evaluating the effect of 7 comorbidities (depression, anxiety, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, chronic lung disease, and autoimmune diseases) on disability, quality of life, brain atrophy and other imaging parameters, health care utilization, employment, and mortality, including age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and disease duration as potential confounders; harmonizing study designs across jurisdictions; and conducting such studies worldwide. Ultimately, clinical trials of treating comorbidity in MS are needed. CONCLUSION Our recommendations will help address knowledge gaps regarding the incidence, prevalence, and effect of comorbidity on outcomes in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Ann Marrie
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.A.M., K.F.) and Community Health Sciences (R.A.M., N.R.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.M.), New York, NY; Biostatistic Unit, Department of Health Sciences (M.P.S.), University of Genova, Italy; Faculty of Brain Sciences (A.T.), University College London, UK; University of California San Francisco (E.W.); Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (M.T.), University of Bari, Italy; St. Michael's Hospital (P.O.), Toronto, Canada; Scientific and Clinical Review Associates, LLC (S.R.), Salisbury, CT; and Mellen Center for MS Treatment and Research (J.A.C.), Cleveland Clinic, OH.
| | - Aaron Miller
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.A.M., K.F.) and Community Health Sciences (R.A.M., N.R.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.M.), New York, NY; Biostatistic Unit, Department of Health Sciences (M.P.S.), University of Genova, Italy; Faculty of Brain Sciences (A.T.), University College London, UK; University of California San Francisco (E.W.); Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (M.T.), University of Bari, Italy; St. Michael's Hospital (P.O.), Toronto, Canada; Scientific and Clinical Review Associates, LLC (S.R.), Salisbury, CT; and Mellen Center for MS Treatment and Research (J.A.C.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Maria Pia Sormani
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.A.M., K.F.) and Community Health Sciences (R.A.M., N.R.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.M.), New York, NY; Biostatistic Unit, Department of Health Sciences (M.P.S.), University of Genova, Italy; Faculty of Brain Sciences (A.T.), University College London, UK; University of California San Francisco (E.W.); Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (M.T.), University of Bari, Italy; St. Michael's Hospital (P.O.), Toronto, Canada; Scientific and Clinical Review Associates, LLC (S.R.), Salisbury, CT; and Mellen Center for MS Treatment and Research (J.A.C.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Alan Thompson
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.A.M., K.F.) and Community Health Sciences (R.A.M., N.R.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.M.), New York, NY; Biostatistic Unit, Department of Health Sciences (M.P.S.), University of Genova, Italy; Faculty of Brain Sciences (A.T.), University College London, UK; University of California San Francisco (E.W.); Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (M.T.), University of Bari, Italy; St. Michael's Hospital (P.O.), Toronto, Canada; Scientific and Clinical Review Associates, LLC (S.R.), Salisbury, CT; and Mellen Center for MS Treatment and Research (J.A.C.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Emmanuelle Waubant
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.A.M., K.F.) and Community Health Sciences (R.A.M., N.R.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.M.), New York, NY; Biostatistic Unit, Department of Health Sciences (M.P.S.), University of Genova, Italy; Faculty of Brain Sciences (A.T.), University College London, UK; University of California San Francisco (E.W.); Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (M.T.), University of Bari, Italy; St. Michael's Hospital (P.O.), Toronto, Canada; Scientific and Clinical Review Associates, LLC (S.R.), Salisbury, CT; and Mellen Center for MS Treatment and Research (J.A.C.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Maria Trojano
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.A.M., K.F.) and Community Health Sciences (R.A.M., N.R.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.M.), New York, NY; Biostatistic Unit, Department of Health Sciences (M.P.S.), University of Genova, Italy; Faculty of Brain Sciences (A.T.), University College London, UK; University of California San Francisco (E.W.); Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (M.T.), University of Bari, Italy; St. Michael's Hospital (P.O.), Toronto, Canada; Scientific and Clinical Review Associates, LLC (S.R.), Salisbury, CT; and Mellen Center for MS Treatment and Research (J.A.C.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Paul O'Connor
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.A.M., K.F.) and Community Health Sciences (R.A.M., N.R.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.M.), New York, NY; Biostatistic Unit, Department of Health Sciences (M.P.S.), University of Genova, Italy; Faculty of Brain Sciences (A.T.), University College London, UK; University of California San Francisco (E.W.); Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (M.T.), University of Bari, Italy; St. Michael's Hospital (P.O.), Toronto, Canada; Scientific and Clinical Review Associates, LLC (S.R.), Salisbury, CT; and Mellen Center for MS Treatment and Research (J.A.C.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Kirsten Fiest
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.A.M., K.F.) and Community Health Sciences (R.A.M., N.R.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.M.), New York, NY; Biostatistic Unit, Department of Health Sciences (M.P.S.), University of Genova, Italy; Faculty of Brain Sciences (A.T.), University College London, UK; University of California San Francisco (E.W.); Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (M.T.), University of Bari, Italy; St. Michael's Hospital (P.O.), Toronto, Canada; Scientific and Clinical Review Associates, LLC (S.R.), Salisbury, CT; and Mellen Center for MS Treatment and Research (J.A.C.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Nadia Reider
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.A.M., K.F.) and Community Health Sciences (R.A.M., N.R.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.M.), New York, NY; Biostatistic Unit, Department of Health Sciences (M.P.S.), University of Genova, Italy; Faculty of Brain Sciences (A.T.), University College London, UK; University of California San Francisco (E.W.); Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (M.T.), University of Bari, Italy; St. Michael's Hospital (P.O.), Toronto, Canada; Scientific and Clinical Review Associates, LLC (S.R.), Salisbury, CT; and Mellen Center for MS Treatment and Research (J.A.C.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Stephen Reingold
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.A.M., K.F.) and Community Health Sciences (R.A.M., N.R.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.M.), New York, NY; Biostatistic Unit, Department of Health Sciences (M.P.S.), University of Genova, Italy; Faculty of Brain Sciences (A.T.), University College London, UK; University of California San Francisco (E.W.); Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (M.T.), University of Bari, Italy; St. Michael's Hospital (P.O.), Toronto, Canada; Scientific and Clinical Review Associates, LLC (S.R.), Salisbury, CT; and Mellen Center for MS Treatment and Research (J.A.C.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Jeffrey A Cohen
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.A.M., K.F.) and Community Health Sciences (R.A.M., N.R.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.M.), New York, NY; Biostatistic Unit, Department of Health Sciences (M.P.S.), University of Genova, Italy; Faculty of Brain Sciences (A.T.), University College London, UK; University of California San Francisco (E.W.); Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (M.T.), University of Bari, Italy; St. Michael's Hospital (P.O.), Toronto, Canada; Scientific and Clinical Review Associates, LLC (S.R.), Salisbury, CT; and Mellen Center for MS Treatment and Research (J.A.C.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
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12
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Li H, Dai Y, Wu AM, Sun X, Lin Y, Lv K, Lu Z. Anti-thyroid antibodies and cerebrospinal fluid findings in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 281:38-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Marrie RA, Cohen J, Stuve O, Trojano M, Sørensen PS, Reingold S, Cutter G, Reider N. A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of comorbidity in multiple sclerosis: overview. Mult Scler 2015; 21:263-81. [PMID: 25623244 PMCID: PMC4361468 DOI: 10.1177/1352458514564491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Comorbidity is an area of increasing interest in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: The objective of this review is to estimate the incidence and prevalence of comorbidity in people with MS and assess the quality of included studies. Methods: We searched the PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE and Web of Knowledge databases, conference proceedings, and reference lists of retrieved articles. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts. One reviewer abstracted data using a standardized form and the abstraction was verified by a second reviewer. We assessed study quality using a standardized approach. We quantitatively assessed population-based studies using the I2 statistic, and conducted random-effects meta-analyses. Results: We included 249 articles. Study designs were variable with respect to source populations, case definitions, methods of ascertainment and approaches to reporting findings. Prevalence was reported more frequently than incidence; estimates for prevalence and incidence varied substantially for all conditions. Heterogeneity was high. Conclusion: This review highlights substantial gaps in the epidemiological knowledge of comorbidity in MS worldwide. Little is known about comorbidity in Central or South America, Asia or Africa. Findings in North America and Europe are inconsistent. Future studies should report age-, sex- and ethnicity-specific estimates of incidence and prevalence, and standardize findings to a common population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Ann Marrie
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Canada/Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Health Sciences Center, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Cohen
- Mellen Center for MS Treatment and Research, Cleveland Clinic, USA
| | - Olaf Stuve
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern, USA
| | - Maria Trojano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Gary Cutter
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Nadia Reider
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Canada
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14
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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Associated With Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders in Iranian Children: A Review. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS REVIEW 2015. [DOI: 10.5812/jpr.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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15
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Marrie RA, Reider N, Cohen J, Stuve O, Sorensen PS, Cutter G, Reingold SC, Trojano M. A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune disease in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2014; 21:282-93. [PMID: 25533299 PMCID: PMC4429166 DOI: 10.1177/1352458514564490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: As new therapies emerge which increase the risk of autoimmune disease it is increasingly important to understand the incidence of autoimmune disease in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: The purpose of this review is to estimate the incidence and prevalence of comorbid autoimmune disease in MS. Methods: The PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Web of Knowledge databases, conference proceedings, and reference lists of retrieved articles were searched, and abstracts were independently screened by two reviewers. The data were abstracted by one reviewer using a standardized data collection form, and the findings were verified by a second reviewer. We assessed quality of the included studies using a standardized approach and conducted meta-analyses of population-based studies. Results: Sixty-one articles met the inclusion criteria. We observed substantial heterogeneity with respect to the populations studied, methods of ascertaining comorbidity, and reporting of findings. Based solely on population-based studies, the most prevalent autoimmune comorbidities were psoriasis (7.74%) and thyroid disease (6.44%). Our findings also suggest an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease, likely uveitis and possibly pemphigoid. Conclusion: Fewer than half of the studies identified were of high quality. Population-based studies that report age, sex and ethnicity-specific estimates of incidence and prevalence are needed in jurisdictions worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Ann Marrie
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nadia Reider
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Cohen
- Mellen Center for MS Treatment and Research, Cleveland Clinic, USA
| | - Olaf Stuve
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern, USA
| | - Per S Sorensen
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Gary Cutter
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | | | - Maria Trojano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy
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16
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Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and anti-thyroglobulin antibody are independently associated with lesions in spinal cord in central nervous system demyelinating diseases. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100672. [PMID: 25093326 PMCID: PMC4122347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transverse myelitis (TM) is associated with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Early recognition of useful parameters may be helpful to distinguish their difference. This retrospective study analyzed thyroid parameters from 243 serum samples (relapse = 128; remission = 115) of 178 patients with demyelinating diseases (NMO, n = 25; TM, n = 48; MS, n = 105). The relationship between thyroid and clinical parameters was analyzed. Patients with NMO and TM had a higher frequency of abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TG-Ab), and antithyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) than MS patients (p<0.05). The level of TSH and TG-Ab returned to normal levels after administration of high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone (p<0.05). In 96 patients (NMO, n = 19; TM, n = 25; MS, n = 52) without treatment, serum levels of TSH, TG-Ab and TPO-Ab were significantly different between patients with and without myelitis (p<0.01). Patients positive for aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies showed higher abnormalities of TSH (p = 0.001), TG-Ab (p = 0.004) and TPO-Ab (p<0.0001) levels than AQP4 antibodies negative patients. Logistic regression analyses revealed independent relationships between TSH (odds ratio [OR] = 33.994; p<0.0001), TG-Ab (OR = 7.703; p = 0.017) and myelitis occurrence in 96 patients at the active stage. In 52 MS patients experiencing their first attack, MS patients with myelitis were associated with TSH abnormalities (OR = 42.778; p<0.0001). This study showed increased abnormalities of thyroid parameters in patients with NMO and TM than in MS patients. MS patients with myelitis also had greater TSH abnormality than in MS patients without myelitis. Abnormal TSH and TG-Ab were independently associated with myelitis occurrence in central nervous system demyelinating disorders.
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17
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Frisullo G, Calabrese M, Tortorella C, Paolicelli D, Ragonese P, Annovazzi P, Radaelli M, Malucchi S, Gallo A, Tomassini V, Nociti V, D'Onghia M, Lo Re V, Rodegher M, Solaro C, Gasperini C. Thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction in multiple sclerosis patients during long-term treatment with interferon beta or glatiramer acetate: an Italian multicenter study. Mult Scler 2014; 20:1265-8. [PMID: 24515732 DOI: 10.1177/1352458514521311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Few long-term follow-up data are available on thyroid dysfunction (TD) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with glatiramer acetate (GA) or with interferon-beta (IFNb). In a cohort of 787 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients whom were followed up for 8 years, we observed an increased prevalence of TD and thyroid autoimmunity (TA) within the first year of IFNb treatment, regardless of the dose or frequency of administration, while no change was observed with GA treatment. The increased prevalence of TD and TA within the first year of IFNb treatment suggested the need for close monitoring of thyroid function and autoimmunity, though only during the first year of IFNb treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carla Tortorella
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Damiano Paolicelli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Ragonese
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Marta Radaelli
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Malucchi
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale per la Sclerosi Multipla-Neurologia 2, A.O.U. San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Antonio Gallo
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Tomassini
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Viviana Nociti
- Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University of Rome, Italy Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela D'Onghia
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzina Lo Re
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Solaro
- Neurology Unit - Azienda Sanitaria Locale 3, Genovese, Genoa, Italy
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18
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Magyari M, Koch-Henriksen N, Pfleger CC, Sørensen PS. Gender and autoimmune comorbidity in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2014; 20:1244-51. [PMID: 24500604 DOI: 10.1177/1352458514521515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The female preponderance in incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) calls for investigations into sex differences in comorbidity with other autoimmune diseases (ADs). OBJECTIVES To determine whether male and female patients with MS have a higher frequency of autoimmune comorbidity than controls, and to describe the type and frequency of ADs that are associated with MS. METHODS Our database was established by linkage of the Danish MS Registry to The Danish National Patient Register and consisted of 1403 patients of both sexes with clinical onset of MS between 2000 and 2004, and 25 matched controls for every case. RESULTS None of the ADs occurred more frequently in female cases than in controls. Male cases were more likely to have Type I diabetes mellitus (odds ratio (OR) = 3.34; 95% CI 1.40 - 7.02; p < 0.008), Crohn's disease (OR = 5.03; 95% CI 1.18 - 16.10; p = 0.03) and systemic lupus erythematosus (OR = 12.55; 95% CI 1.62 - 69.95; p = 0.02) than male controls. CONCLUSIONS Autoimmune disorders are rare, but some of them tend to occur together with MS at a higher rate than in controls. Although women are generally more prone to ADs than men, significantly increased occurrence of other ADs were only found in male MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Magyari
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nils Koch-Henriksen
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark Clinical Institute, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Per Soelberg Sørensen
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Villanueva I, Alva-Sánchez C, Pacheco-Rosado J. The role of thyroid hormones as inductors of oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:218145. [PMID: 24386502 PMCID: PMC3872098 DOI: 10.1155/2013/218145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are oxidizing agents amply implicated in tissue damage. ROS production is inevitably linked to ATP synthesis in most cells, and the rate of production is related to the rate of cell respiration. Multiple antioxidant mechanisms limit ROS dispersion and interaction with cell components, but, when the balance between ROS production and scavenging is lost, oxidative damage develops. Many traits of aging are related to oxidative damage by ROS, including neurodegenerative diseases. Thyroid hormones (THs) are a major factor controlling metabolic and respiratory rates in virtually all cell types in mammals. The general metabolic effect of THs is a relative acceleration of the basal metabolism that includes an increase of the rate of both catabolic and anabolic reactions. THs are related to oxidative stress not only by their stimulation of metabolism but also by their effects on antioxidant mechanisms. Thyroid dysfunction increases with age, so changes in THs levels in the elderly could be a factor affecting the development of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the relationship is not always clear. In this review, we analyze the participation of thyroid hormones on ROS production and oxidative stress, and the way the changes in thyroid status in aging are involved in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Villanueva
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN. Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala, s/n, 11340 México City, DF, Mexico
| | - C. Alva-Sánchez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN. Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala, s/n, 11340 México City, DF, Mexico
| | - J. Pacheco-Rosado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN. Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala, s/n, 11340 México City, DF, Mexico
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Autoimmune disease in people with multiple sclerosis and their relatives: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol 2013; 260:1272-85. [PMID: 23315260 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-012-6790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Additional autoimmune diseases in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and their relatives have been studied many times. Studies have employed different designs, and yielded conflicting results. We performed a systematic review, and calculated overall risk of additional autoimmune diseases in people with MS and their first-degree relatives. PubMed and Web of Science were searched. Thyroid disease, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied. A generic inverse variance model was used, and subgroup analysis was used to explore heterogeneity. The OR of thyroid disease was increased in both people with MS (OR 1.66; p < 0.00001) and their relatives (OR 2.38; p < 0.00001). A similar association was seen between MS and inflammatory bowel disease (OR 1.56; p < 0.0001) and psoriasis (OR 1.31; p < 0.0001), although not in relatives. There was no increase in the rate of either SLE or RA. Studies examining diabetes showed significant heterogeneity and evidence of publication bias. There is an increase in the rate of certain autoimmune diseases in people with MS and their first-degree relatives. However, this does not extend to all conditions studied. Given the nonspecific clinical presentation of thyroid disease, it should be considered in all people with MS presenting with nonspecific symptoms.
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Silvestroff L, Bartucci S, Pasquini J, Franco P. Cuprizone-induced demyelination in the rat cerebral cortex and thyroid hormone effects on cortical remyelination. Exp Neurol 2012; 235:357-67. [PMID: 22421533 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the Central Nervous System which is characterized by multifocal demyelinated lesions dispersed throughout the brain. Although white matter lesions have been the most extensively studied, cortical demyelinaton lesions are also detected in MS brains. Cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination in rodents has been widely used as a model for MS. Most of these studies focus on oligodendrocyte-rich structures, such as the corpus callosum (CC) and the cerebellar peduncles. However, it has been recently described that CPZ administration in mice also produces cortical demyelination, resembling some of the lesions found in MS patients. In this work we used CPZ-demyelinating model in Wistar rats to study demyelination in cortical forebrain areas. At the ultrastructural level, demyelination in the cortex was observed before detectable myelin loss in the subcortical white matter. During the course of CPZ intoxication Myelin Basic Protein immunodetection was decreased in cortical layers I-III due to a reduction in the number of cortical oligodendrocytes (OL). Oligodendroglial loss in CPZ-intoxicated rats correlated with an increase in the number of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein positive astrocytes and a shift in the location of Carbonic Anhydrase II from OL to astrocytes. After removal of CPZ from the diet, we evaluate intranasal Thyroid hormone (TH) effects on the progression of cortical lesions. As previously reported in the CC, TH treatment also accelerates remyelination rate in the cortex compared to rats undergoing spontaneous remyelination. Our results suggest that manipulation of TH levels could be considered as a strategy to promote remyelination process in the cortex and to prevent neuronal irreversible damage in patients suffering from MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Silvestroff
- Departamento de Química Biológica e Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB-CONICET) Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, UBA. Junín 956, CABA (C1113AAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Sellner J, Kalluri SR, Cepok S, Hemmer B, Berthele A. Thyroid antibodies in aquaporin-4 antibody positive central nervous system autoimmunity and multiple sclerosis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2011; 75:271-2. [PMID: 21521293 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Marrie RA, Horwitz RI, Cutter G, Tyry T, Vollmer T. Smokers with multiple sclerosis are more likely to report comorbid autoimmune diseases. Neuroepidemiology 2011; 36:85-90. [PMID: 21282965 DOI: 10.1159/000323948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Smoking is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) and autoimmune disease, and might explain an increased risk of comorbid autoimmune disease (CAD) in MS. We compared the risk of CAD in smokers and nonsmokers with MS. METHODS Participants enrolled in the North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis Registry reported their smoking status, the presence of CAD and the year of diagnosis. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the independent association between smoking and CAD. We also compared the risk of developing a CAD in current smokers versus never-smokers who did not report any CAD at MS onset, using a proportional hazards model. RESULTS Among 8,875 participants reporting comorbidities and smoking status, 1,649 (18.5%) reported a CAD. In a multivariable logistic model, ever-smokers had increased odds of reporting a CAD (odds ratio: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.08-1.38). Among the 7,830 participants without a CAD at onset of MS who reported their smoking status, including the age at which they started smoking, 3,035 (36.8%) currently smoked, while 3,805 (48.6%) never smoked. After adjustment, smokers had an increased risk of developing any autoimmune disease (hazard ratio: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.08-1.41) after MS onset. CONCLUSION Smoking is associated with an increased risk of CAD in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Ann Marrie
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Canada. rmarrie @ hsc.mb.ca
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Abstract
Interferons are currently the major treatment modality for several malignant and non-malignant diseases such as chronic hepatitis C and B, multiple sclerosis, hematological malignancies, malignant melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, etc. Thyroid disorders develop in some of the interferon-treated patients with the incidence ranging from 1% to 35%. These complications may often result in dose reduction or discontinuation of interferon therapy. Interferon induced thyroid disorders can be classified as autoimmune and non-autoimmune thyroiditis. There are many studies on the development of thyroid dysfunction in interferon-alpha treated patients with chronic hepatitis C and in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with interferon-beta. There is a dearth of information about the incidence and characteristics of thyroid abnormalities in patients with hematological malignancies receiving interferon-alpha. A number of genetic determinants are discussed as causes for thyroid impairment (sex, age, ethnic group, genes involved in the thyroid immune regulation), as well as non-genetic factors (related to the underlying disease--hepatitis C virus; multiple sclerosis; therapeutic regimens of interferon administration, iodine concentration in the environment, presence of thyroid autoantibodies at the start of treatment, etc.). In this article we summarize the relevant data about the frequency and characteristics of thyroid disorders in patients treated with interferons, the risk factors and the mechanisms for their development and the peculiarities of the course, detection and treatment of these complications. The review of the literature motivates studying the thyroid function of specific groups of patients receiving interferon in order to clarify the influence of the factors drug and disease on the thyroid gland. Early detection and adequate treatment of thyroid dysfunction in these patients is important to avoid complications that may compromise treatment.
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