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Zhou W, Xu C, Dong G, Qiao H, Yang J, Liu H, Ding L, Sun K, Zhao W. Development of phenyltriazole thiol-based derivatives as highly potent inhibitors of DCN1-UBC12 interaction. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 217:113326. [PMID: 33756127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Defective in cullin neddylation 1(DCN1) is a co-E3 ligase that is important for cullin neddylation. Dysregulation of DCN1 highly correlates with the development of various cancers. Herein, from the initial high-throughput screening, a novel hit compound 5a containing a phenyltriazole thiol core (IC50 value of 0.95 μM for DCN1-UBC12 interaction) was discovered. Further structure-based optimization leads to the development of SK-464 (IC50 value of 26 nM). We found that SK-464 not only directly bound to DCN1 in vitro, but also engaged cellular DCN1, suppressed the neddylation of cullin3, and hindered the migration and invasion of two DCN1-overexpressed squamous carcinoma cell lines (KYSE70 and H2170). These findings indicate that SK-464 may be a novel lead compound targeting DCN1-UBC12 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China; Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0379, Norway
| | - Chenhao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Guanjun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Hui Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Hongmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Lina Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| | - Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| | - Wen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
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Neddylation activity modulates the neurodegeneration associated with fragile X associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) through regulating Sima. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 143:105013. [PMID: 32653676 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of CGG repeats in the 5' UTR of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. Using the well-established FXTAS Drosophila model, we performed a high-throughput chemical screen using 3200 small molecules. NSC363998 was identified to suppress the neurodegeneration caused by riboCGG (rCGG) repeats. Three predicted targets of a NSC363998 derivative are isopeptidases in the neddylation pathway and could modulate the neurotoxicity caused by the rCGG repeats. Decreasing levels of neddylation resulted in enhancing neurodegeneration phenotypes, while up-regulation could rescue the phenotypes. Furthermore, known neddylation substrates, Cul3 and Vhl, and their downstream target, Sima, were found to modulate rCGG90-dependent neurotoxicity. Our results suggest that altered neddylation activity can modulate the rCGG repeat-mediated toxicity by regulating Sima protein levels, which could serve as a potential therapeutic target for FXTAS.
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Zhou W, Ma L, Ding L, Guo Q, He Z, Yang J, Qiao H, Li L, Yang J, Yu S, Zhao L, Wang S, Liu HM, Suo Z, Zhao W. Potent 5-Cyano-6-phenyl-pyrimidin-Based Derivatives Targeting DCN1-UBE2M Interaction. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5382-5403. [PMID: 31157974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neddylation of the Cullin-RING E3 ligases (CRLs) regulates the homeostasis of approximately 20% of cellular proteins. Defective in cullin neddylation 1 (DCN1), as a co-E3 ligase, interacts with UBE2M to enhance the activation of CRLs, and this interaction is emerging as a therapeutic target for human diseases. Here, we present a series of pyrimidin-based small molecular inhibitors targeting DCN1-UBE2M interaction. After finding a novel inhibitor DC-1 with IC50 = 1.2 μM, we performed a series of chemical optimizations, which finally led to the discovery of a potent thiazole containing 5-cyano-6-phenylpyrimidin-based inhibitor DC-2 (IC50 = 15 nM). Next, using protein and cellular thermal shift assays, coimmunoprecipitation, molecular docking, and site-specific mutation experiments, we further proved that DC-2 specifically inhibited the interaction of UBE2M and DCN1 at molecule and cellular levels, resulting in the decrease of cullin3 neddylation and accumulation of its substrate, NRF2. Our findings indicate that DC-2 may serve as a novel lead compound for specific derivatives targeting DCN1-UBE2M interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , 100 Kexue Avenue , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , China.,Department of Pathology , Oslo University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo 0379 , Norway
| | - Liying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , 100 Kexue Avenue , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , China
| | - Lina Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , 100 Kexue Avenue , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , China
| | - Qian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , 100 Kexue Avenue , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , China
| | - Zhangxu He
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , 100 Kexue Avenue , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , 100 Kexue Avenue , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , China
| | - Hui Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , 100 Kexue Avenue , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , China
| | - Lingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , 100 Kexue Avenue , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , 100 Kexue Avenue , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , China
| | - Shimin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , 100 Kexue Avenue , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , China
| | - Lili Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , 100 Kexue Avenue , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , China
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , 100 Kexue Avenue , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , China.,The Rogel Cancer Center and Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology, Medicinal Chemistry and Pathology , University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , 100 Kexue Avenue , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , China
| | - Zhenhe Suo
- Department of Pathology , Oslo University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo 0379 , Norway
| | - Wen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , 100 Kexue Avenue , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , China
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Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive changes in behavior, personality, and language with involvement of the frontal and temporal regions of the brain. About 40% of FTD cases have a positive family history, and about 10% of these cases are inherited in an autosomal-dominant pattern. These gene defects present with distinct clinical phenotypes. As the diagnosis of FTD becomes more recognizable, it will become increasingly important to keep these gene mutations in mind. In this chapter, we review the genes with known associations to FTD. We discuss protein functions, mutation frequencies, clinical phenotypes, imaging characteristics, and pathology associated with these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Deleon
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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Rainero I, Rubino E, Michelerio A, D'Agata F, Gentile S, Pinessi L. Recent advances in the molecular genetics of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. FUNCTIONAL NEUROLOGY 2017; 32:7-16. [PMID: 28380318 DOI: 10.11138/fneur/2017.32.1.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The term frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) describes a spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders associated with deposition of misfolded proteins in the frontal and temporal lobes. Up to 40% of FTLD patients reports a family history of neurodegeneration, and approximately 1/3 of familial cases shows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance of the phenotype. Over the past two decades, several causative and susceptibility genes for FTLD have been discovered, supporting the notion that genetic factors are important contributors to the disease processes. Genetic variants in three genes, MAPT, GRN and C9orf72, account for about half of familial FTLD cases. In addition, rare defects in the CHMP2B, VCP, TARDBP, SQSTM1, FUS, UBQLN, OPTN, TREM2, CHCHD10 and TBK1 genes have been described. Additional genes are expected to be found in near future. The purpose of this review is to describe recent advances in the molecular genetics of the FTLD spectrum and to discuss implications for genetic counseling.
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Abstract
Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis is a major mechanism that downregulates misfolded proteins or those that have finished a programmed task. In the last two decades, neddylation has emerged as a major regulatory pathway for ubiquitination. Central to the neddylation pathway is the amyloid precursor protein (APP)-binding protein APP-BP1, which together with Uba3, plays an analogous role to the ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 in nedd8 activation. Activated nedd8 covalently modifies and activates a major class of ubiquitin ligases called Cullin-RING ligases (CRLs). New evidence suggests that neddylation also modifies Type-1 transmembrane receptors such as APP. Here we review the functions of neddylation and summarize evidence suggesting that dysfunction of neddylation is involved in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Chen
- Department of Geriatrics and Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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Piro RM, Molineris I, Di Cunto F, Eils R, König R. Disease-gene discovery by integration of 3D gene expression and transcription factor binding affinities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 29:468-75. [PMID: 23267172 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
MOTIVATION The computational evaluation of candidate genes for hereditary disorders is a non-trivial task. Several excellent methods for disease-gene prediction have been developed in the past 2 decades, exploiting widely differing data sources to infer disease-relevant functional relationships between candidate genes and disorders. We have shown recently that spatially mapped, i.e. 3D, gene expression data from the mouse brain can be successfully used to prioritize candidate genes for human Mendelian disorders of the central nervous system. RESULTS We improved our previous work 2-fold: (i) we demonstrate that condition-independent transcription factor binding affinities of the candidate genes' promoters are relevant for disease-gene prediction and can be integrated with our previous approach to significantly enhance its predictive power; and (ii) we define a novel similarity measure-termed Relative Intensity Overlap-for both 3D gene expression patterns and binding affinity profiles that better exploits their disease-relevant information content. Finally, we present novel disease-gene predictions for eight loci associated with different syndromes of unknown molecular basis that are characterized by mental retardation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario M Piro
- Department of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ), University of Heidelberg, Im 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Sun L, Eriksen JL. Recent insights into the involvement of progranulin in frontotemporal dementia. Curr Neuropharmacol 2012; 9:632-42. [PMID: 22654721 PMCID: PMC3263457 DOI: 10.2174/157015911798376361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Progranulin is a widely expressed protein that is involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes, including embryogenesis, host defense, and wound repair. In the central nervous system, progranulin is constitutively expressed at modest levels in neurons and microglia, but shows dramatic microglial immunoreactivity in degenerative diseases that exhibit prominent neuroinflammation. In addition to the role that PGRN plays in the periphery, its expression is of critical importance in brain health, as demonstrated by recent discovery that progranulin haploinsufficiency results in familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Since progranulin deficiency was first described, there has been an intense ongoing effort to decipher the mysterious role that this protein plays in dementia. This review provides an update on our understanding of the possible neuronal function and discusses the challenging problems related to progranulin expression within genetics, cell biology, and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Cerami C, Scarpini E, Cappa SF, Galimberti D. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: current knowledge and future challenges. J Neurol 2012; 259:2278-86. [PMID: 22532172 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-012-6507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is one of the most frequent neurodegenerative disorders with a presenile onset. It presents with a spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from behavioral and executive impairment to language disorders and motor dysfunction. New diagnostic criteria identified two main cognitive syndromes: behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and primary progressive aphasia. Regarding bvFTD, new criteria include the use of biomarkers. According to them, bvFTD can be classified in "possible" (clinical features only), "probable" (inclusion of imaging biomarkers) and "definite" (in the presence of a known causal mutation or at autopsy). Familial aggregation is frequently reported in FTLD, and about 10 % of cases have an autosomal dominant transmission. Microtubule-associated protein tau gene mutations have been the first ones identified, and are generally associated with early onset (40-50 years) and with the bvFTD phenotype. More recently, progranulin gene mutations were recognized in association with the familial form of FTLD and a hexanucleotide repetition in C9ORF72 has been shown to be responsible for familial FTLD and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In addition, other genes are linked to rare cases of familiar FTLD. Lastly, a number of genetic risk factors for sporadic forms have also been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cerami
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute University, Milan, Italy
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Galimberti D, Scarpini E. Genetics of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Front Neurol 2012; 3:52. [PMID: 22536193 PMCID: PMC3332226 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2012.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), the most frequent neurodegenerative disorder with a presenile onset, presents with a spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from behavioral and executive impairment to language disorders and motor dysfunction. Familial aggregation is frequently reported, and about 10% of cases have an autosomal dominant transmission. Microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) gene mutations have been the first ones identified and are associated with early onset behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia phenotype. More recently, progranulin gene (GRN) mutations were recognized in association with familial form of FTLD. In addition, other genes are linked to rare cases of familial FTLD. Lastly, a number of genetic risk factors for sporadic forms have also been identified. In this review, current knowledge about mutations at the basis of familial FTLD will be described, together with genetic risk factors influencing the susceptibility to FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Neurological Sciences, "Dino Ferrari" Center, University of Milan Milan, Italy
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Wu K, Yan H, Fang L, Wang X, Pfleger C, Jiang X, Huang L, Pan ZQ. Mono-ubiquitination drives nuclear export of the human DCN1-like protein hDCNL1. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:34060-70. [PMID: 21813641 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.273045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugation of Nedd8 to a cullin protein, termed neddylation, is an evolutionarily conserved process that functions to activate the cullin-RING family E3 ubiquitin ligases, leading to increased proteasomal degradation of a wide range of substrate proteins. Recent emerging evidence demonstrates that cellular neddylation requires the action of Dcn1, which, in humans, consists of five homologues designated as hDCNL1-5. Here we revealed a previously unknown mechanism that regulates hDCNL1. In cultured mammalian cells ectopically expressed hDCNL1 was mono-ubiquitinated predominantly at K143, K149, and K171. Using a classical chromatographic purification strategy, we identified Nedd4-1 as an E3 ligase that can catalyze mono-ubiquitination of hDCNL1 in a reconstituted ubiquitination system. In addition, the hDCNL1 N-terminal ubiquitin-binding domain is necessary and sufficient to mediate mono-ubiquitination. Finally, fluorescence microscopic and subcellular fractionation analyses revealed a role for mono-ubiquitination in driving nuclear export of hDCNL1. Taken together, these results suggest a mono-ubiquitination-mediated mechanism that governs nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking of hDCNL1, thereby regulating hDCNL1-dependent activation of the cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases in selected cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Wu
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029-6574, USA
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12
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Neurology in the European Journal of Neurology. Eur J Neurol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a highly familial condition and is increasingly being recognized as an important form of dementia. The literature published on this disease is often difficult to collate due to the wide range in nomenclature used. Thankfully, consensus recommendations have now been published to address this issue and hopefully the community will adopt these as intended. Much progress has been made in our understanding of the clinical, pathological and genetic understanding of FTLD in recent years. Progranulin and TDP-43 have recently been identified as new important proteins involved in the pathophysiology of FTLD and this latter protein may have potential as a biomarker of this disease. However, much remains before we have a full picture of the genes that cause FTLD and the biological pathways in which they function. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current concepts and recent advances in our knowledge of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Pickering-Brown
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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