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Liu C, Dong L, Wang J, Li J, Huang X, Lei D, Mao C, Chu S, Sha L, Xu Q, Peng B, Cui L, Gao J. GRN mutation spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlation in Chinese dementia patients: data from PUMCH dementia cohort. J Med Genet 2024:jmg-2023-109499. [PMID: 38228392 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND METHODS: The GRN mutations, especially of the loss of function type, are causative of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). However, several GRN variants can be found in other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease. So far, there have been over 300 GRN mutations reported globally. However, the genetic spectrum and phenotypic characteristics have not been fully elucidated in Chinese population.The participants were from the dementia cohort of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (n=1945). They received history inquiry, cognitive evaluation, brain imaging and exome sequencing. The dementia subjects carrying the rare variants of the GRN were included in this study. Those with the pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants of other dementia-related genes were excluded. RESULTS 14 subjects carried the rare variants of GRN. They were clinically diagnosed with behavioural variant of FTD (n=2), non-fluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia (PPA, n=3), semantic variant PPA (n=1), AD (n=6) and mixed dementia (n=2). 13 rare variants of GRN were found, including 6 novel variants (W49X, S226G, M152I, A91E, G79E and A303S). The most prevalent symptom was amnesia (85.7%, 12/14), followed by psychiatric and behavioural disorder (78.6%, 11/14). In terms of lobar atrophy, temporal atrophy/hypometabolism was the most common (85.7%, 12/14), followed by parietal atrophy/hypometabolism (78.6%, 11/14). CONCLUSION The novel GRN variants identified in this study contribute to enrich the GRN mutation repertoire. There is phenotypic similarity and diversity among Chinese patients with the GRN mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyan Liu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Dongcheng-qu, China
| | - Liling Dong
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Dongcheng-qu, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Dongcheng-qu, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Dongcheng-qu, China
| | - Xinying Huang
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Dongcheng-qu, China
| | - Dan Lei
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Dongcheng-qu, China
| | - Chenhui Mao
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Dongcheng-qu, China
| | - Shanshan Chu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Dongcheng-qu, China
| | - Longze Sha
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Dongcheng-qu, China
| | - Liying Cui
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Dongcheng-qu, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Dongcheng-qu, China
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Dong L, Wang J, Liu C, Li J, Mao C, Huang X, Chu S, Peng B, Cui L, Gao J. Genetic Spectrum and Clinical Heterogeneity of Chinese Frontotemporal Dementia Patients: Data from PUMCH Dementia Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:893-901. [PMID: 35964197 PMCID: PMC9535560 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: There are relatively few data on the genetic spectrum of Chinese frontotemporal dementia (FTD) population. Objective: With the dementia cohort of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, we aim to illustrate the genetic spectrum of FTD patients, as well as the phenotypic heterogeneity of FTD-gene variant carriers. Methods: 204 unrelated, clinically diagnosed FTD patients of Chinese ancestry were enrolled. All the participants received demographic survey, history inquiry, physical examination, cognitive assessment, blood biochemical test, brain CT/MRI, and gene sequencing. Results: 56.4% (115/204) participants were clinically diagnosed with behavioral variant of FTD, 20.6% (42/204) with nonfluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia (PPA), 20.1% (41/204) with semantic variant PPA, and 2.9% (6/204) with mixed variant PPA. 11.8% (24/204) subjects harbored the potential causative variants in FTD-related genes, including the MAPT (n = 7), TBK1 (n = 7), GRN (n = 2), TBK1+GRN (n = 1), VCP (n = 1), TARDBP (n = 1), UBQLN2 (n = 1), SQSTM1 (n = 1), DCTN1 (n = 1), HNRNPA1 (n = 1), and C9orf72 GGGGCC repeats (n = 1). The TBK1 T31fs, T457fs, K622fs, c.359-1G>A, the VCP P188T, and the GRN P50fs, P439fs were novel pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants. The TBK1 carriers showed a later disease onset and a higher incidence of parietal atrophy relative to the MAPTcarriers. Conclusion: There is genetic and clinical heterogeneity among Chinese FTD population. The TBK1 has a high mutation frequency in Chinese FTD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Dong
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Caiyan Liu
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chenhui Mao
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Huang
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Chu
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Cui
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Leveille E, Ross OA, Gan-Or Z. Tau and MAPT genetics in tauopathies and synucleinopathies. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 90:142-154. [PMID: 34593302 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
MAPT encodes the microtubule-associated protein tau, which is the main component of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and found in other protein aggregates. These aggregates are among the pathological hallmarks of primary tauopathies such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Abnormal tau can also be observed in secondary tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease (PD). On top of pathological findings, genetic data also links MAPT to these disorders. MAPT variations are a cause or risk factors for many tauopathies and synucleinopathies and are associated with certain clinical and pathological features in affected individuals. In addition to clinical, pathological, and genetic overlap, evidence also suggests that tau and alpha-synuclein may interact on the molecular level, and thus might collaborate in the neurodegenerative process. Understanding the role of MAPT variations in tauopathies and synucleinopathies is therefore essential to elucidate the role of tau in the pathogenesis and phenotype of those disorders, and ultimately to develop targeted therapies. In this review, we describe the role of MAPT genetic variations in tauopathies and synucleinopathies, several genotype-phenotype and pathological features, and discuss their implications for the classification and treatment of those disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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4
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Artan S, Erzurumluoglu Gokalp E, Samanci B, Ozbabalik Adapinar D, Bas H, Tepgec F, Qomi Ekenel E, Cilingir O, Bilgic B, Gurvit H, Hanagasi HA, Kocagil S, Durak Aras B, Uyguner O, Emre M. Frequency of frontotemporal dementia-related gene variants in Turkey. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 106:332.e1-332.e11. [PMID: 34162492 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Just as its clinical heterogeneity, genetic basis of Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is also diverse and multiple molecular pathways are thought to be involved in disease pathogenesis. In the present study, FTD- related genes were evaluated in a Turkish cohort of 175 index FTD patients with a gene panel including GRN, MAPT, TARDBP, FUS, CHMP2B and VCP genes. Potential genetic associations were prospected in 16 patients (9.1%); five variants (p.(Gly35Glufs) and p.(Cys253Ter) in GRN; p.(Arg95Cys) in VCP; p.(Met405Val) in TARDBP and p.(Pro636Leu) in MAPT) were classified as pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP), in four familial and one sporadic patients. Three novel variants in MAPT, CHMP2B and FUS were also identified in familial cases. The most common pathogenic variants were observed in the GRN gene with a frequency of 1.14% (2/175) and this rate was 4.57% (8/175), including variants of uncertain significance (VUS). In this study with the largest cohort of Turkish FTD patients, GRN and MAPT variants were identified as the most common genetic associations; and rare causes like VCP, TARDBP, CHMP2B and FUS variants are recommended to be considered in patients with compatible clinical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevilhan Artan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | | | - Bedia Samanci
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Hasan Bas
- Department of Medical Genetics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Fatih Tepgec
- Vocational School Health Services, Oral and Dental Health, Altınbas University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emilia Qomi Ekenel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Oguz Cilingir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Basar Bilgic
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gurvit
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Sinem Kocagil
- Department of Medical Genetics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Beyhan Durak Aras
- Department of Medical Genetics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Oya Uyguner
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Emre
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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5
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Abstract
Following the discovery of TDP-43 and FUS involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar dementia (FTLD), the major challenge in the field has been to understand their physiological functions, both in normal and disease conditions. The hope is that this knowledge will improve our understanding of disease and lead to the development of effective therapeutic options. Initially, the focus has been directed at characterizing the role of these proteins in the control of RNA metabolism, because the main function of TDP-43 and FUS is to bind coding and noncoding RNAs to regulate their life cycle within cells. As a result, we now have an in-depth picture of the alterations that occur in RNA metabolism following their aggregation in various ALS/FTLD models and, to a somewhat lesser extent, in patients' brains. In parallel, progress has been made with regard to understanding how aggregation of these proteins occurs in neurons, how it can spread in different brain regions, and how these changes affect various metabolic cellular pathways to result in neuronal death. The aim of this chapter will be to provide a general overview of the trending topics in TDP-43 and FUS investigations and to highlight what might represent the most promising avenues of research in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.
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6
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Merlotti D, Materozzi M, Bianciardi S, Guarnieri V, Rendina D, Volterrani L, Bellan C, Mingiano C, Picchioni T, Frosali A, Orfanelli U, Cenci S, Gennari L. Mutation of PFN1 Gene in an Early Onset, Polyostotic Paget-like Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5835857. [PMID: 32392277 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Paget disease of bone (PDB) is a metabolic bone disease whose genetic cause remains unknown in up to 50% of familial patients. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the underlying genetic defect in a large pedigree with a severe, early onset, autosomal dominant form of PDB across 3 generations. METHODS Whole exome sequencing was performed in affected and unaffected family members, and then mutation screening was replicated in a sample of PDB patients with early-onset, polyostotic PDB. RESULTS We identified a frameshift D107Rfs*3 mutation in PFN1 (encoding for profilin 1, a highly conserved regulator of actin-polymerization and cell motility) causing the truncation of the C-terminal part of the protein. The mutation was also detected in a 17-year-old asymptomatic family member who upon biochemical and radiological analyses was indeed found to be affected. Sequencing of the entire PFN1 coding region in unrelated PDB patients identified the same mutation in 1 patient. All mutation carriers had a reduced response to bisphosphonates, requiring multiple zoledronate infusions to control bone pain and achieve biochemical remission over a long term. In vitro osteoclastogenesis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from mutation carriers showed a higher number of osteoclasts with PDB-like features. A similar phenotype was observed upon PFN1 silencing in murine bone marrow-derived monocytes, suggesting that the frameshift PFN1 mutation confers a loss of function in profilin 1 activity that induces PDB-like features in the osteoclasts, likely due to enhanced cell motility and actin ring formation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that PFN1 mutation causes an early onset, polyostotic PDB-like disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Merlotti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Materozzi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Bianciardi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Vito Guarnieri
- Medical Genetics Service, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Domenico Rendina
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Sciences, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Volterrani
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Cristiana Bellan
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Christian Mingiano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Picchioni
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Frosali
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Ugo Orfanelli
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Cenci
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Gennari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
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Liscic RM, Alberici A, Cairns NJ, Romano M, Buratti E. From basic research to the clinic: innovative therapies for ALS and FTD in the pipeline. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:31. [PMID: 32487123 PMCID: PMC7268618 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Degeneration (FTD) are neurodegenerative disorders, related by deterioration of motor and cognitive functions and short survival. Aside from cases with an inherited pathogenic mutation, the causes of the disorders are still largely unknown and no effective treatment currently exists. It has been shown that FTD may coexist with ALS and this overlap occurs at clinical, genetic, and molecular levels. In this work, we review the main pathological aspects of these complex diseases and discuss how the integration of the novel pathogenic molecular insights and the analysis of molecular interaction networks among all the genetic players represents a critical step to shed light on discovering novel therapeutic strategies and possibly tailoring personalized medicine approaches to specific ALS and FTD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajka Maria Liscic
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
- School of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Antonella Alberici
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological Sciences and Vision, ASST-Spedali Civili-University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nigel John Cairns
- College of Medicine and Health and Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Maurizio Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, Via Valerio 28, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
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8
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Monaco A, Fraldi A. Protein Aggregation and Dysfunction of Autophagy-Lysosomal Pathway: A Vicious Cycle in Lysosomal Storage Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:37. [PMID: 32218723 PMCID: PMC7079699 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative conditions are characterized by the deposition of protein aggregates (mainly amyloid-like) in the central nervous system (CNS). In post-mitotic CNS cells protein aggregation causes cytotoxicity by interfering with various cellular functions. Mutations in different genes may directly cause protein aggregation. However, genetic factors together with aging may contribute to the onset of protein aggregation also by affecting cellular degradative functions, in particular the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP). Increasing body of evidence show that ALP dysfunction and protein aggregation are functionally interconnected and induce each other during neurodegenerative processes. We will summarize the findings supporting these concepts by focusing on lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), a class of metabolic inherited conditions characterized by global lysosomal dysfunction and often associated to a severe neurodegenerative course. We propose a model by which the inherited lysosomal defects initiate aggregate-prone protein deposition, which, in turns, worsen ALP degradation function, thus generating a vicious cycle, which boost neurodegenerative cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Monaco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fraldi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
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10
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Fernandopulle M, Wang G, Nixon-Abell J, Qamar S, Balaji V, Morihara R, St George-Hyslop PH. Inherited and Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Fronto-Temporal Lobar Degenerations arising from Pathological Condensates of Phase Separating Proteins. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:R187-R196. [PMID: 31595953 PMCID: PMC6872449 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work on the biophysics of proteins with low complexity, intrinsically disordered domains that have the capacity to form biological condensates has profoundly altered the concepts about the pathogenesis of inherited and sporadic neurodegenerative disorders associated with pathological accumulation of these proteins. In the present review, we use the FUS, TDP-43 and A11 proteins as examples to illustrate how missense mutations and aberrant post-translational modifications of these proteins cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and fronto-temporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fernandopulle
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0XY
| | - GuoZhen Wang
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0XY
| | - Jonathon Nixon-Abell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0XY
| | - Seema Qamar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0XY
| | - Varun Balaji
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H2
| | - Ryuta Morihara
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H2
| | - Peter H St George-Hyslop
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0XY
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H2
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11
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Rubino E, Di Stefano M, Galimberti D, Serpente M, Scarpini E, Fenoglio C, Bo M, Rainero I. C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion frequency in patients with Paget's disease of bone. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 85:154.e1-154.e3. [PMID: 31530427 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a focal bone disorder affecting the skeleton segmentally. A strong genetic component has been shown in PDB, and variants in several genes, such as SQSTM1, VCP, and OPTN, have been associated with the disease. Mutations in the same genes have also been reported in patients with frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hexanucleotide repeat expansions in the C9ORF72 gene have been shown to be responsible for both familial and sporadic frontotemporal dementia/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Thence, we evaluated the frequency of the C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions in a cohort of 191 Italian PDB patients and in 106 controls. The pathogenic repeat expansion was detected in 2 PDB patients (1.0%). During the follow-up period, both PDB patients did not develop any sign of mental decline and/or motor neuron disease. Our study suggests that repeat expansions in the C9ORF72 gene are rare in patients with PDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rubino
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Marco Di Stefano
- Unit of Geriatrics and Metabolic Bone Disorders, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Dino Ferrari Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Serpente
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Dino Ferrari Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Dino Ferrari Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Fenoglio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Dino Ferrari Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Bo
- Unit of Geriatrics and Metabolic Bone Disorders, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Innocenzo Rainero
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy; Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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12
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Andrés-Benito P, Gelpi E, Povedano M, Santpere G, Ferrer I. Gene Expression Profile in Frontal Cortex in Sporadic Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration-TDP. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 77:608-627. [PMID: 29788265 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular alterations compromising key metabolic pathways are poorly understood in sporadic frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology (sFTLD-TDP). Whole-transcriptome array, RT-qPCR validation, gel electrophoresis, and Western blotting, and mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activity were comparatively examined in frontal cortex (area 8) of 16 sFTLD-TDP cases and 14 controls. Assessment of 111 genes by RT-qPCR showed deregulation of 81 genes linked to neurotransmission and synapses, neuronal architecture, cytoskeleton of axons and dendrites, vesicle trafficking, purines, mitochondria, and energy metabolism in sFTLD-TDP. Western blotting studies disclosed downregulation of several mitochondrial subunits encoded by genomic DNA and MT-CO1 encoded by the mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondrial ETC activity of complexes I, IV, and V was decreased in sFTLD-TDP. These findings provide robust information about downregulation of genes involved in vital biochemical pathways and in synaptic neurotransmission which may help to increase understanding about the biochemical substrates of clinical manifestations in sFTLD-TDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Andrés-Benito
- Neuropathology, Pathologic Anatomy Service, Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ellen Gelpi
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mónica Povedano
- Functional Unit of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (UFELA), Service of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Gabriel Santpere
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, IBE, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Universitat Pompeu Fabra-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Neuropathology, Pathologic Anatomy Service, Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Piaceri I, Imperiale D, Ghidoni E, Atzori C, Bagnoli S, Ferrari C, Ungari S, Ambrogio L, Sorbi S, Nacmias B. Novel GRN Mutations in Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:1683-1689. [PMID: 29614680 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the twentieth century, frontotemporal dementia (FTD) was often misdiagnosed, confused with Alzheimer's disease or psychiatric disorders, jeopardizing care and research. OBJECTIVE To analyze the FTD genes in the DNA samples of patients belonging to families clinically classified as probable Alzheimer's disease (FAD) in the early 1990s and not carrying mutation in the three main genes linked to FAD (Presenilin 1, Presenilin 2, and Amyloid precursor protein). METHODS The genetic screening was performed on 63 probands diagnosed as FAD before the early 2000s. RESULTS Four patients out of the 63 studied (4/63, 6.3%) resulted as carrying four different GRN genetic variations: p.T272SfsX10, p.R110X, p.C149LfsX10, and p.W304C. The first two mutations (p.T272SfsX10, p.R110X) are the most frequent ones in Italy in FTD patients; the latter two (p.C149LfsX10 and p.W304C) are not described in the scientific literature. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that it can be important to re-examine FAD patients diagnosed when the FTD spectrum was not well recognized and the causative FTD genes had not yet been identified. Moreover, we propose initially analyzing genes associated with the first form of suspected dementia and, if the results are negative, studying genes implicated in the other form of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Piaceri
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Imperiale
- Neurology Unit and Human TSE Regional Center, ASL TO2 Maria Vittoria Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Cristiana Atzori
- Neurology Unit and Human TSE Regional Center, ASL TO2 Maria Vittoria Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Bagnoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Italy
| | | | - Silvana Ungari
- ASO Neurologia, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Luca Ambrogio
- ASO Neurologia, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Don Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Italy
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14
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Ciani M, Benussi L, Bonvicini C, Ghidoni R. Genome Wide Association Study and Next Generation Sequencing: A Glimmer of Light Toward New Possible Horizons in Frontotemporal Dementia Research. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:506. [PMID: 31156380 PMCID: PMC6532367 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) is a focal neurodegenerative disease, with a strong genetic background, that causes early onset dementia. The present knowledge about the risk loci and causative mutations of FTD mainly derives from genetic linkage analysis, studies of candidate genes, Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) applications. In this review, we report recent insights into the genetics of FTD, and, specifically, the results achieved thanks to GWAS and NGS approaches. Linkage studies of large FTD pedigrees have prompted the identification of causal mutations in different genes: mutations in C9orf72, MAPT, and GRN genes explain the large majority of cases with a high family history of the disease. In cases with a less clear inheritance, GWAS and NGS have contributed to further understand the genetic picture of FTD. GWAS identified several common genetic variants with a modest risk effect. Of interest, many of these variants are in genes belonging to the endo-lysosomal pathway, the immune response and neuronal survival. On the opposite, the NGS approach allowed the identification of rare variants with a strong risk effect. These variants were identified in known FTD-associated genes and again in genes involved in the endo-lysosomal pathway and in the immune response. Interestingly, both approaches demonstrated that several genes are associated to multiple neurodegenerative disorders including FTD. Thanks to these complementary approaches, the genetic picture of FTD is becoming more clear and novel key molecular processes are emerging. This will foster opportunities to move toward prevention and therapy for this incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ciani
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristian Bonvicini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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15
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Andrés-Benito P, Gelpi E, Povedano M, Ausín K, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Santamaría E, Ferrer I. Combined Transcriptomics and Proteomics in Frontal Cortex Area 8 in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Linked to C9ORF72 Expansion. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 68:1287-1307. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-181123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pol Andrés-Benito
- Neuropathology, Pathologic Anatomy Service, Bellvitge University Hospital - Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ellen Gelpi
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mónica Povedano
- Functional Unit of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (UFELA), Service of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Karina Ausín
- IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Neuroproteomics group and Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Department of Health, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Neuroproteomics group and Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Department of Health, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Neuroproteomics group and Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Department of Health, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Neuropathology, Pathologic Anatomy Service, Bellvitge University Hospital - Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Fenoglio C, Scarpini E, Serpente M, Galimberti D. Role of Genetics and Epigenetics in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:913-932. [PMID: 29562532 PMCID: PMC5870004 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) represent the first cause of dementia in senile and pre-senile population, respectively. A percentage of cases have a genetic cause, inherited with an autosomal dominant pattern of transmission. The majority of cases, however, derive from complex interactions between a number of genetic and environmental factors. Gene variants may act as risk or protective factors. Their combination with a variety of environmental exposures may result in increased susceptibility to these diseases or may influence their course. The scenario is even more complicated considering the effect of epigenetics, which encompasses mechanisms able to alter the expression of genes without altering the DNA sequence. In this review, an overview of the current genetic and epigenetic progresses in AD and FTD will be provided, with particular focus on 1) causative genes, 2) genetic risk factors and disease modifiers, and 3) epigenetics, including methylation, non-coding RNAs and chromatin remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fenoglio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Fondazione Cá Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Fondazione Cá Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Serpente
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Fondazione Cá Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Fondazione Cá Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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17
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Erzurumluoglu E, Cilingir O, Ozbabalik Adapinar BD, Bilgic B, Kocagil S, Ozen H, Durak Aras B, Yenilmez C, Artan S. The association between repeat number in C9orf72 and phenotypic variability in Turkish patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 76:216.e1-216.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Ramos EM, Koros C, Dokuru DR, Van Berlo V, Kroupis C, Wojta K, Wang Q, Andronas N, Matsi S, Beratis IN, Huang AY, Lee SE, Bonakis A, Florou-Hatziyiannidou C, Fragkiadaki S, Kontaxopoulou D, Agiomyrgiannakis D, Kamtsadeli V, Tsinia N, Papastefanopoulou V, Stamelou M, Miller BL, Stefanis L, Papatriantafyllou JD, Papageorgiou SG, Coppola G. Frontotemporal dementia spectrum: first genetic screen in a Greek cohort. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 75:224.e1-224.e8. [PMID: 30528349 PMCID: PMC6553875 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative syndromes associated with several causative and susceptibility genes. Herein, we aimed to determine the incidence of the most common causative dementia genes in a cohort of 118 unrelated Greek FTD spectrum patients. We also screened for novel possible disease-associated variants in additional 21 genes associated with FTD or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified in 16 cases (13.6%). These included repeat expansions in C9orf72 and loss-of-function GRN variants, and likely pathogenic variants in TARDBP, MAPT, and PSEN1. We also identified 14 variants of unknown significance in other rarer FTD or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genes that require further segregation and functional analysis. Our genetic screen revealed a high genetic burden in familial Greek FTD cases (30.4%), whereas only two of the sporadic cases (3.5%) carried a likely pathogenic variant. A substantial number of familial cases still remain without an obvious causal variant, suggesting the existence of other FTD genetic causes besides those currently screened in clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Marisa Ramos
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christos Koros
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Deepika Reddy Dokuru
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Van Berlo
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christos Kroupis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kevin Wojta
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nikolaos Andronas
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavroula Matsi
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ion N Beratis
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alden Y Huang
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Suzee E Lee
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anastasios Bonakis
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Chryseis Florou-Hatziyiannidou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stella Fragkiadaki
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysia Kontaxopoulou
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Agiomyrgiannakis
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece; Medical Center of Athens, Memory Disorders Clinic and Day Care Center for 3rd Age 'IASIS', Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Kamtsadeli
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece; Medical Center of Athens, Memory Disorders Clinic and Day Care Center for 3rd Age 'IASIS', Athens, Greece
| | - Niki Tsinia
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece; Medical Center of Athens, Memory Disorders Clinic and Day Care Center for 3rd Age 'IASIS', Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Papastefanopoulou
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Stamelou
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Department, HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece; 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - John D Papatriantafyllou
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece; Medical Center of Athens, Memory Disorders Clinic and Day Care Center for 3rd Age 'IASIS', Athens, Greece
| | - Sokratis G Papageorgiou
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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19
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Borroni B, Alberici A, Buratti E. Review: Molecular pathology of frontotemporal lobar degenerations. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 45:41-57. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Borroni
- Neurology Clinic; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences; University of Brescia; Brescia Italy
| | - A. Alberici
- Neurology Clinic; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences; University of Brescia; Brescia Italy
| | - E. Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB); Trieste Italy
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20
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Gasperini L, Rossi A, Cornella N, Peroni D, Zuccotti P, Potrich V, Quattrone A, Macchi P. The hnRNP RALY regulates PRMT1 expression and interacts with the ALS-linked protein FUS: implication for reciprocal cellular localization. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:3067-3081. [PMID: 30354839 PMCID: PMC6340211 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-02-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The RBP associated with lethal yellow mutation (RALY) is a member of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein family whose transcriptome and interactome have been recently characterized. RALY binds poly-U rich elements within several RNAs and regulates the expression as well as the stability of specific transcripts. Here we show that RALY binds PRMT1 mRNA and regulates its expression. PRMT1 catalyzes the arginine methylation of Fused in Sarcoma (FUS), an RNA-binding protein that interacts with RALY. We demonstrate that RALY down-regulation decreases protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 levels, thus reducing FUS methylation. It is known that mutations in the FUS nuclear localization signal (NLS) retain the protein to the cytosol, promote aggregate formation, and are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Confirming that inhibiting FUS methylation increases its nuclear import, we report that RALY knockout enhances FUS NLS mutants’ nuclear translocation, hence decreasing aggregate formation. Furthermore, we characterize the RNA-dependent interaction of RALY with FUS in motor neurons. We show that mutations in FUS NLS as well as in RALY NLS reciprocally alter their localization and interaction with target mRNAs. These data indicate that RALY’s activity is impaired in FUS pathology models, raising the possibility that RALY might modulate disease onset and/or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gasperini
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, University of Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Annalisa Rossi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, University of Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Nicola Cornella
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, University of Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Daniele Peroni
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, CIBIO-Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Paola Zuccotti
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, CIBIO-Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Valentina Potrich
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, CIBIO-Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Quattrone
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, CIBIO-Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Paolo Macchi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, University of Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
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21
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Dinkova‐Kostova AT, Kostov RV, Kazantsev AG. The role of Nrf2 signaling in counteracting neurodegenerative diseases. FEBS J 2018; 285:3576-3590. [PMID: 29323772 PMCID: PMC6221096 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2) functions at the interface of cellular redox and intermediary metabolism. Nrf2 target genes encode antioxidant enzymes, and proteins involved in xenobiotic detoxification, repair and removal of damaged proteins and organelles, inflammation, and mitochondrial bioenergetics. The function of Nrf2 is altered in many neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Friedreich's ataxia. Nrf2 activation mitigates multiple pathogenic processes involved in these neurodegenerative disorders through upregulation of antioxidant defenses, inhibition of inflammation, improvement of mitochondrial function, and maintenance of protein homeostasis. Small molecule pharmacological activators of Nrf2 have shown protective effects in numerous animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, and in cultures of human cells expressing mutant proteins. Targeting Nrf2 signaling may provide a therapeutic option to delay onset, slow progression, and ameliorate symptoms of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albena T. Dinkova‐Kostova
- Division of Cancer ResearchSchool of MedicineUniversity of DundeeUK
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Molecular SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Rumen V. Kostov
- Division of Cancer ResearchSchool of MedicineUniversity of DundeeUK
| | - Aleksey G. Kazantsev
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Present address:
Effective TherapeuticsCambridgeMAUSA
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22
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Vandal SE, Zheng X, Ahmad ST. Molecular Genetics of Frontotemporal Dementia Elucidated by Drosophila Models-Defects in Endosomal⁻Lysosomal Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061714. [PMID: 29890743 PMCID: PMC6032313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most common senile neurodegenerative disease. FTD is a heterogeneous disease that can be classified into several subtypes. A mutation in CHMP2B locus (CHMP2Bintron5), which encodes a component of endosomal sorting complex required for transport-III (ESCRT-III), is associated with a rare hereditary subtype of FTD linked to chromosome 3 (FTD-3). ESCRT is involved in critical cellular processes such as multivesicular body (MVB) formation during endosomal–lysosomal pathway and autophagy. ESCRT mutants causes diverse physiological defects primarily due to accumulation of endosomes and defective MVBs resulting in misregulation of signaling pathways. Charged multivesicular body protein 2B (CHMP2B) is important for neuronal physiology which especially rely on precise regulation of protein homeostasis due to their post-mitotic status. Drosophila has proven to be an excellent model for charaterization of mechanistic underpinning of neurodegenerative disorders including FTD. In this review, current understanding of various FTD-related mutations is discussed with a focus on Drosophila models of CHMP2Bintron5-associated FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Vandal
- Department of Biology, Colby College, 5720 Mayflower Hill, Waterville, ME 04901, USA.
| | - Xiaoyue Zheng
- Department of Biology, Colby College, 5720 Mayflower Hill, Waterville, ME 04901, USA.
| | - S Tariq Ahmad
- Department of Biology, Colby College, 5720 Mayflower Hill, Waterville, ME 04901, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To present the new PET markers that could become in the coming years, relevant to advanced clinical approaches to dementia diagnosis, drug trials, and treatment strategies and discuss their advantages and limitations. RECENT FINDINGS The most advanced new PET tracers are the markers of the amyloid plaques, the τ compounds and the tracers of the translocator protein as markers of neuroinflammation. The main advantages but also the weaknesses of each of these markers are discussed. The main pitfall remains the heterogeneity of the available results that cast doubt to a rapid introduction of these new ligands in clinical practice. SUMMARY With the advent of biomarkers in clinical management and findings of molecular neuroimaging studies in the evaluation of patients with suspected dementia, the impact of functional neuroimaging has increased considerably these last years and has been integrated into many clinical guidelines in the field of dementia. In addition to conventional single PET brain perfusion and dopaminergic neurotransmission, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET is used in advanced diagnosis procedures. Furthermore, new tracers are being developed to quantify key neuropathological features in the brain tissue as highly specific diagnosis is crucial to comply with the global medical and public health objectives in this domain. A strategic road map for further developments, adapted from the approach to cancer biomarkers, should be proposed so as to optimize the rationale of the PET-based molecular diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders.
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St George-Hyslop P, Lin JQ, Miyashita A, Phillips EC, Qamar S, Randle SJ, Wang G. The physiological and pathological biophysics of phase separation and gelation of RNA binding proteins in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and fronto-temporal lobar degeneration. Brain Res 2018; 1693:11-23. [PMID: 29723523 PMCID: PMC6018615 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Some intrinsically disordered proteins undergo reversible phase separation/gelation. Reversible phase separation/gelation underpins function of membraneless organelles. fALS-FUS mutations increase propensity of FUS to form highly stable condensates. Changes in arginine methylation and FUS chaperones in FTLD-FUS have similar effects. Stable fibrillar condensates sequester cargo and impair RNP granule function.
Many RNA binding proteins, including FUS, contain moderately repetitive, low complexity, intrinsically disordered domains. These sequence motifs have recently been found to underpin reversible liquid: liquid phase separation and gelation of these proteins, permitting them to reversibly transition from a monodispersed state to liquid droplet- or hydrogel-like states. This function allows the proteins to serve as scaffolds for the formation of reversible membraneless intracellular organelles such as nucleoli, stress granules and neuronal transport granules. Using FUS as an example, this review examines the biophysics of this physiological process, and reports on how mutations and changes in post-translational state alter phase behaviour, and lead to neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter St George-Hyslop
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Medicine, Medical Biophysics and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H2, Canada.
| | - Julie Qiaojin Lin
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Akinori Miyashita
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Medicine, Medical Biophysics and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Emma C Phillips
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Seema Qamar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Suzanne J Randle
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - GuoZhen Wang
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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Su WH, Shi ZH, Liu SL, Wang XD, Liu S, Ji Y. The rs75932628 and rs2234253 polymorphisms of the TREM2 gene were associated with susceptibility to frontotemporal lobar degeneration in Caucasian populations. Ann Hum Genet 2018; 82:177-185. [PMID: 29322490 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) gene have been reported to be potentially associated with the risks of developing frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), with inconsistent conclusions. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the potential role of TREM2 variants in FTLD risks via a meta-analysis. We included a total of eight eligible articles. For TREM2 rs75932628, we observed a significantly increased FTLD risk in the models of T vs. C [Association Test, odds ratio (OR) = 2.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.43∼4.14, P = 0.001], CT vs. CC (OR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.39∼3.71, P = 0.001), CT + TT vs. CC (OR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.38∼3.71, P = 0.001), and Carrier T vs. C (OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.38∼3.69, P = 0.001). Similarly, we observed positive results for TREM2 rs2234253 in all of the genetic models (all OR > 1, P = 0.030). Nevertheless, we did not observe any statistical difference between the case and control groups in the pooled analyses of TREM2 rs142232675 and rs143332484 (all P > 0.05). Our findings identified the rs75932628 and rs2234253 polymorphisms of the TREM2 gene as risk factors for FTLD in Caucasian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hua Su
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Shi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu-Ling Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Serpente M, Galimberti D. Autosomal Dominant Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: From Genotype to Phenotype. NEURODEGENER DIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72938-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Guo W, Fumagalli L, Prior R, Van Den Bosch L. Current Advances and Limitations in Modeling ALS/FTD in a Dish Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:671. [PMID: 29326542 PMCID: PMC5733489 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are two age-dependent multifactorial neurodegenerative disorders, which are typically characterized by the selective death of motor neurons and cerebral cortex neurons, respectively. These two diseases share many clinical, genetic and pathological aspects. During the past decade, cell reprogramming technologies enabled researchers to generate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells. This resulted in the unique opportunity to obtain specific neuronal and non-neuronal cell types from patients which could be used for basic research. Moreover, these in vitro models can mimic not only the familial forms of ALS/FTD, but also sporadic cases without known genetic cause. At present, there have been extensive technical advances in the generation of iPSCs, as well as in the differentiation procedures to obtain iPSC-derived motor neurons, cortical neurons and non-neuronal cells. The major challenge at this moment is to determine whether these iPSC-derived cells show relevant phenotypes that recapitulate complex diseases. In this review, we will summarize the work related to iPSC models of ALS and FTD. In addition, we will discuss potential drawbacks and solutions for establishing more trustworthy iPSC models for both ALS and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Guo
- KU Leuven-Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Institute for Neuroscience and Disease, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB & KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Fumagalli
- KU Leuven-Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Institute for Neuroscience and Disease, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB & KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Prior
- KU Leuven-Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Institute for Neuroscience and Disease, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB & KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- KU Leuven-Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Institute for Neuroscience and Disease, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB & KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
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