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Kalaria R, Maestre G, Mahinrad S, Acosta DM, Akinyemi RO, Alladi S, Allegri RF, Arshad F, Babalola DO, Baiyewu O, Bak TH, Bellaj T, Brodie-Mends DK, Carrillo MC, Celestin KKM, Damasceno A, de Silva RK, de Silva R, Djibuti M, Dreyer AJ, Ellajosyula R, Farombi TH, Friedland RP, Garza N, Gbessemehlan A, Georgiou EEZ, Govia I, Grinberg LT, Guerchet M, Gugssa SA, Gumikiriza-Onoria JL, Hogervorst E, Hornberger M, Ibanez A, Ihara M, Issac TG, Jönsson L, Karanja WM, Lee JH, Leroi I, Livingston G, Manes FF, Mbakile-Mahlanza L, Miller BL, Musyimi CW, Mutiso VN, Nakasujja N, Ndetei DM, Nightingale S, Novotni G, Nyamayaro P, Nyame S, Ogeng'o JA, Ogunniyi A, de Oliveira MO, Okubadejo NU, Orrell M, Paddick SM, Pericak-Vance MA, Pirtosek Z, Potocnik FCV, Raman R, Rizig M, Rosselli M, Salokhiddinov M, Satizabal CL, Sepulveda-Falla D, Seshadri S, Sexton CE, Skoog I, George-Hyslop PHS, Suemoto CK, Thapa P, Udeh-Momoh CT, Valcour V, Vance JM, Varghese M, Vera JH, Walker RW, Zetterberg H, Zewde YZ, Ismail O. The 2022 symposium on dementia and brain aging in low- and middle-income countries: Highlights on research, diagnosis, care, and impact. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38696263 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Two of every three persons living with dementia reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The projected increase in global dementia rates is expected to affect LMICs disproportionately. However, the majority of global dementia care costs occur in high-income countries (HICs), with dementia research predominantly focusing on HICs. This imbalance necessitates LMIC-focused research to ensure that characterization of dementia accurately reflects the involvement and specificities of diverse populations. Development of effective preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches for dementia in LMICs requires targeted, personalized, and harmonized efforts. Our article represents timely discussions at the 2022 Symposium on Dementia and Brain Aging in LMICs that identified the foremost opportunities to advance dementia research, differential diagnosis, use of neuropsychometric tools, awareness, and treatment options. We highlight key topics discussed at the meeting and provide future recommendations to foster a more equitable landscape for dementia prevention, diagnosis, care, policy, and management in LMICs. HIGHLIGHTS: Two-thirds of persons with dementia live in LMICs, yet research and costs are skewed toward HICs. LMICs expect dementia prevalence to more than double, accompanied by socioeconomic disparities. The 2022 Symposium on Dementia in LMICs addressed advances in research, diagnosis, prevention, and policy. The Nairobi Declaration urges global action to enhance dementia outcomes in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kalaria
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gladys Maestre
- Departments of Neuroscience and Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One W. University Blvd, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Simin Mahinrad
- Division of Medical and Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daisy M Acosta
- Universidad Nacional Pedro Henriquez Urena (UNPHU), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Rufus Olusola Akinyemi
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Suvarna Alladi
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ricardo F Allegri
- Fleni Neurological Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Neurosciences, Universidad de la Costa (CUC), Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Faheem Arshad
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Olusegun Baiyewu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Maria C Carrillo
- Division of Medical and Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kaputu-Kalala-Malu Celestin
- Department of Neurology, Centre Neuropsychopathologique (CNPP), Kinshasa University Teaching Hospital, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Republic Democratic of the Congo
| | | | - Ranil Karunamuni de Silva
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Innovation in Biotechnology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
- Institute for Combinatorial Advanced Research and Education (KDU-CARE), General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Rohan de Silva
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Clinical, Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Mamuka Djibuti
- Partnership for Research and Action for Health (PRAH), Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Ratnavalli Ellajosyula
- Cognitive Neurology Clinic, Manipal Hospital, and Annasawmy Mudaliar Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Temitope H Farombi
- Tony Anenih Geriatric Center, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | | | - Noe Garza
- Department of Neuroscience and Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, Texas, USA
| | - Antoine Gbessemehlan
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, University of Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eliza Eleni-Zacharoula Georgiou
- Department of Psychiatry, Patras University General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Ishtar Govia
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Jamaica, West Indies, Jamaica
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Neurology and Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, R. da Reitoria, R. Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maëlenn Guerchet
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, University of Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France
| | - Seid Ali Gugssa
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Eef Hogervorst
- Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- Respati University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Agustin Ibanez
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Peñalolén, Santiago, Chile
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Victoria, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Thomas Gregor Issac
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Linus Jönsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, section for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen, Solna, Sweden
| | - Wambui M Karanja
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joseph H Lee
- Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Iracema Leroi
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Facundo Francisco Manes
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lingani Mbakile-Mahlanza
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
- University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Victoria N Mutiso
- Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre for Research and Training, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - David M Ndetei
- Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre for Research and Training, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sam Nightingale
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gabriela Novotni
- University Clinic of Neurology, Medical Faculty University Ss Cyril and Methodius Institute for Alzheimer's Disease and Neuroscience, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Primrose Nyamayaro
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Solomon Nyame
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Hospital Road, Near Kintampo-north Municipal Hospital, Kintampo, Ghana
| | | | | | - Maira Okada de Oliveira
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cognitive Neurology and Behavioral Unit (GNCC), University of Sao Paulo, R. da Reitoria, R. Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Njideka U Okubadejo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Martin Orrell
- Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stella-Maria Paddick
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Sheriff Hill, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Zvezdan Pirtosek
- Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Felix Claude Victor Potocnik
- Old Age Psychiatry Unit, Depth Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Western Cape, Stellenbosch Central, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Rema Raman
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mie Rizig
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Mónica Rosselli
- Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
- Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diego Sepulveda-Falla
- Molecular Neuropathology of Alzheimer's Disease, Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases and South Texas ADRC, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Claire E Sexton
- Division of Medical and Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Institute of Neuroscience and Fysiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter H St George-Hyslop
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Biomedical Campus, Trumpington, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, and University Health Network, 27 King's College Cir, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudia Kimie Suemoto
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, R. da Reitoria, R. Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Prekshy Thapa
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chinedu Theresa Udeh-Momoh
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
- FINGERS Brain Health Institute, c/o Stockholms Sjukhem, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen, Solna, Sweden
- Imarisha Centre for Brain health and Aging, Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Victor Valcour
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Mathew Varghese
- St. John's Medical College, Sarjapur - Marathahalli Rd, beside Bank Of Baroda, John Nagar, Koramangala, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jaime H Vera
- Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Richard W Walker
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yared Z Zewde
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ozama Ismail
- Division of Medical and Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Tartwijk FWV, Wunderlich LCS, Mela I, Makarchuk S, Jakobs MAH, Qamar S, Franze K, Schierle GSK, George-Hyslop PHS, Lin JQ, Holt CE, Kaminski CF. Mutation of the ALS/FTD-associated RNA-binding protein FUS affects axonal development. J Neurosci 2024:e2148232024. [PMID: 38692734 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2148-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant condensation and localisation of the RNA-binding protein (RBP) fused in sarcoma (FUS) occur in variants of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Changes in RBP function are commonly associated with changes in axonal cytoskeletal organisation and branching in neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we asked whether branching defects also occur in vivo in a model of FUS-associated disease. We use two reported Xenopus models of ALS/FTD (of either sex), the ALS-associated mutant FUS(P525L) and a mimic of hypomethylated FUS, FUS(16R). Both mutants strongly reduced axonal complexity in vivo. We also observed an axon looping defect for FUS(P525L) in the target area, which presumably arises due to errors in stop cue signalling. To assess whether loss of axon complexity also had a cue-independent component, we assessed axonal cytoskeletal integrity in vitro Using a novel combination of fluorescence and atomic force microscopy, we found that mutant FUS reduced actin density in the growth cone, altering its mechanical properties. Therefore, FUS mutants may induce defects during early axonal development.Significance statement This study demonstrates that mutation of the ALS/FTD (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia)-associated RNA-binding protein Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) can result in changes in axonal development. These changes occur both axon-autonomously in cytoskeletal organisation during axon extension and context-dependently during axonal branching. This indicates pre-symptomatic, developmental changes in axonal organisation may occur in familial disease variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca W van Tartwijk
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Lucia C S Wunderlich
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Ioanna Mela
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Stanislaw Makarchuk
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 OAH, UK
| | - Maximilian A H Jakobs
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Seema Qamar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Kristian Franze
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Gabriele S Kaminski Schierle
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Peter H St George-Hyslop
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and University Health Network and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
- Taub Institute For Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irvine Medical Center, 630 West 168 Street, New York, NY, USA 10032
| | - Julie Qiaojin Lin
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 OAH, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Centre and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Christine E Holt
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Clemens F Kaminski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
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Audrain M, Haure-Mirande JV, Mleczko J, Wang M, Griffin JK, St George-Hyslop PH, Fraser P, Zhang B, Gandy S, Ehrlich ME. Reactive or transgenic increase in microglial TYROBP reveals a TREM2-independent TYROBP-APOE link in wild-type and Alzheimer's-related mice. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 17:149-163. [PMID: 33314529 PMCID: PMC7938663 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Microglial TYROBP (DAP12) is a network hub and driver in sporadic late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). TYROBP is a cytoplasmic adaptor for TREM2 and other receptors, but little is known about its roles and actions in AD. Herein, we demonstrate that endogenous Tyrobp transcription is specifically increased in recruited microglia. Methods Using a novel transgenic mouse overexpressing TYROBP in microglia, we observed a decrease of the amyloid burden and an increase of TAU phosphorylation stoichiometry when crossed with APP/PSEN1 or MAPTP301S mice, respectively. Characterization of these mice revealed Tyrobp‐related modulation of apolipoprotein E (Apoe) transcription. We also showed that Tyrobp and Apoe mRNAs were increased in Trem2‐null microglia recruited around either amyloid beta deposits or a cortical stab injury. Conversely, microglial Apoe transcription was dramatically diminished when Tyrobp was absent. Conclusions Our results provide evidence that TYROBP‐APOE signaling does not require TREM2 and could be an initiating step in establishment of the disease‐associated microglia (DAM) phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Audrain
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Justyna Mleczko
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute of Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer K Griffin
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter H St George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Fraser
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute of Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sam Gandy
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,National Institute on Aging-Designated Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Research and Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Michelle E Ehrlich
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute of Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Fernandopulle M, Wang G, Nixon-Abell J, Qamar S, Balaji V, Morihara R, St George-Hyslop PH. Inherited and Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Fronto-Temporal Lobar Degenerations arising from Pathological Condensates of Phase Separating Proteins. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:R187-R196. [PMID: 31595953 PMCID: PMC6872449 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work on the biophysics of proteins with low complexity, intrinsically disordered domains that have the capacity to form biological condensates has profoundly altered the concepts about the pathogenesis of inherited and sporadic neurodegenerative disorders associated with pathological accumulation of these proteins. In the present review, we use the FUS, TDP-43 and A11 proteins as examples to illustrate how missense mutations and aberrant post-translational modifications of these proteins cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and fronto-temporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fernandopulle
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0XY
| | - GuoZhen Wang
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0XY
| | - Jonathon Nixon-Abell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0XY
| | - Seema Qamar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0XY
| | - Varun Balaji
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H2
| | - Ryuta Morihara
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H2
| | - Peter H St George-Hyslop
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0XY
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H2
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Abstract
The presenilin proteins are the catalytic subunits of a tetrameric complex containing presenilin 1 or 2, anterior pharynx defective 1 (APH1), nicastrin, and PEN-2. Other components such as TMP21 may exist in a subset of specialized complexes. The presenilin complex is the founding member of a unique class of aspartyl proteases that catalyze the γ, ɛ, ζ site cleavage of the transmembrane domains of Type I membrane proteins including amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Notch. Here, we detail the structural and chemical biology of this unusual enzyme. Taken together, these studies suggest that the complex exists in several conformations, and subtle long-range (allosteric) shifts in the conformation of the complex underpin substrate access to the catalytic site and the mechanism of action for allosteric inhibitors and modulators. Understanding the mechanics of these shifts will facilitate the design of γ-secretase modulator (GSM) compounds that modulate the relative efficiency of γ, ɛ, ζ site cleavage and/or substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S. Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Martin Pettersson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Peter H. St George-Hyslop
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust MRC Building, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
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Jun GR, Chung J, Mez J, Barber R, Beecham GW, Bennett DA, Buxbaum JD, Byrd GS, Carrasquillo MM, Crane PK, Cruchaga C, De Jager P, Ertekin-Taner N, Evans D, Fallin MD, Foroud TM, Friedland RP, Goate AM, Graff-Radford NR, Hendrie H, Hall KS, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Inzelberg R, Kamboh MI, Kauwe JSK, Kukull WA, Kunkle BW, Kuwano R, Larson EB, Logue MW, Manly JJ, Martin ER, Montine TJ, Mukherjee S, Naj A, Reiman EM, Reitz C, Sherva R, St George-Hyslop PH, Thornton T, Younkin SG, Vardarajan BN, Wang LS, Wendlund JR, Winslow AR, Haines J, Mayeux R, Pericak-Vance MA, Schellenberg G, Lunetta KL, Farrer LA. Transethnic genome-wide scan identifies novel Alzheimer's disease loci. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 13:727-738. [PMID: 28183528 PMCID: PMC5496797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic loci for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been identified in whites of European ancestry, but the genetic architecture of AD among other populations is less understood. METHODS We conducted a transethnic genome-wide association study (GWAS) for late-onset AD in Stage 1 sample including whites of European Ancestry, African-Americans, Japanese, and Israeli-Arabs assembled by the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium. Suggestive results from Stage 1 from novel loci were followed up using summarized results in the International Genomics Alzheimer's Project GWAS dataset. RESULTS Genome-wide significant (GWS) associations in single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based tests (P < 5 × 10-8) were identified for SNPs in PFDN1/HBEGF, USP6NL/ECHDC3, and BZRAP1-AS1 and for the interaction of the (apolipoprotein E) APOE ε4 allele with NFIC SNP. We also obtained GWS evidence (P < 2.7 × 10-6) for gene-based association in the total sample with a novel locus, TPBG (P = 1.8 × 10-6). DISCUSSION Our findings highlight the value of transethnic studies for identifying novel AD susceptibility loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyungah R Jun
- Neurogenetics and Integrated Genomics, Andover Innovative Medicines Institute, Eisai Inc, Andover, MA, USA; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Schools of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jaeyoon Chung
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Schools of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Schools of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Barber
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Gary W Beecham
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences and Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Goldie S Byrd
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | | | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Philip De Jager
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Department of Neurology & Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Denis Evans
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Danielle Fallin
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Hugh Hendrie
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Regenstrief Institute, Inc, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kathleen S Hall
- Regenstrief Institute, Inc, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Rivka Inzelberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - M Ilyas Kamboh
- University of Pittsburgh Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John S K Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Walter A Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian W Kunkle
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ryozo Kuwano
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Eric B Larson
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Group Health, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark W Logue
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Schools of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences and Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Chicago, IL, USA; National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer J Manly
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eden R Martin
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Adam Naj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Christiane Reitz
- The Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Department of Epidemiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Sherva
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Schools of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter H St George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy Thornton
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Badri N Vardarajan
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li-San Wang
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jens R Wendlund
- PharmaTherapeutics Clinical Research, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ashley R Winslow
- PharmaTherapeutics Clinical Research, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Haines
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Department of Epidemiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University Schools of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Schools of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University Schools of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University Schools of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University Schools of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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7
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Abstract
A subset of microglia appear primed to protect against AD neurodegeneration
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy C Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK.
| | - Peter H St George-Hyslop
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK. .,Department of Medicine (Neurology), Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
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8
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Montecchiani C, Pedace L, Lo Giudice T, Casella A, Mearini M, Gaudiello F, Pedroso JL, Terracciano C, Caltagirone C, Massa R, St George-Hyslop PH, Barsottini OGP, Kawarai T, Orlacchio A. ALS5/SPG11/KIAA1840 mutations cause autosomal recessive axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Brain 2015; 139:73-85. [PMID: 26556829 PMCID: PMC5839554 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is a group of hereditary peripheral neuropathies that share clinical characteristics of progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy, foot deformities, distal sensory loss, as well as diminished tendon reflexes. Hundreds of causative DNA changes have been found, but much of the genetic basis of the disease is still unexplained. Mutations in the ALS5/SPG11/KIAA1840 gene are a frequent cause of autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum and peripheral axonal neuropathy, and account for ∼ 40% of autosomal recessive juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The overlap of axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with both diseases, as well as the common autosomal recessive inheritance pattern of thin corpus callosum and axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in three related patients, prompted us to analyse the ALS5/SPG11/KIAA1840 gene in affected individuals with autosomal recessive axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. We investigated 28 unrelated families with autosomal recessive axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease defined by clinical, electrophysiological, as well as pathological evaluation. Besides, we screened for all the known genes related to axonal autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT2A2/HMSN2A2/MFN2, CMT2B1/LMNA, CMT2B2/MED25, CMT2B5/NEFL, ARCMT2F/dHMN2B/HSPB1, CMT2K/GDAP1, CMT2P/LRSAM1, CMT2R/TRIM2, CMT2S/IGHMBP2, CMT2T/HSJ1, CMTRID/COX6A1, ARAN-NM/HINT and GAN/GAN), for the genes related to autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum and axonal peripheral neuropathy (SPG7/PGN, SPG15/ZFYVE26, SPG21/ACP33, SPG35/FA2H, SPG46/GBA2, SPG55/C12orf65 and SPG56/CYP2U1), as well as for the causative gene of peripheral neuropathy with or without agenesis of the corpus callosum (SLC12A6). Mitochondrial disorders related to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 were also excluded by sequencing POLG and TYMP genes. An additional locus for autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2H on chromosome 8q13-21.1 was excluded by linkage analysis. Pedigrees originated in Italy, Brazil, Canada, England, Iran, and Japan. Interestingly, we identified 15 ALS5/SPG11/KIAA1840 mutations in 12 families (two sequence variants were never reported before, p.Gln198* and p.Pro2212fs*5). No large deletions/duplications were detected in these patients. The novel mutations seemed to be pathogenic since they co-segregated with the disease in all pedigrees and were absent in 300 unrelated controls. Furthermore, in silico analysis predicted their pathogenic effect. Our results indicate that ALS5/SPG11/KIAA1840 is the causative gene of a wide spectrum of clinical features, including autosomal recessive axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Pedace
- 1 Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, CERC - IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Temistocle Lo Giudice
- 1 Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, CERC - IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy 2 Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Casella
- 1 Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, CERC - IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Mearini
- 1 Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, CERC - IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | | | - José L Pedroso
- 3 Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chiara Terracciano
- 2 Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- 2 Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy 4 Laboratorio di Neurologia Clinica e Comportamentale, IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Massa
- 2 Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Peter H St George-Hyslop
- 5 Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 6 Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 7 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Toshitaka Kawarai
- 8 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Antonio Orlacchio
- 1 Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, CERC - IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy 2 Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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9
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Li Y, Bohm C, Dodd R, Chen F, Qamar S, Schmitt-Ulms G, Fraser PE, St George-Hyslop PH. Structural biology of presenilin 1 complexes. Mol Neurodegener 2014; 9:59. [PMID: 25523933 PMCID: PMC4326451 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-9-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The presenilin genes were first identified as the site of missense mutations causing early onset autosomal dominant familial Alzheimer's disease. Subsequent work has shown that the presenilin proteins are the catalytic subunits of a hetero-tetrameric complex containing APH1, nicastrin and PEN-2. This complex (variously termed presenilin complex or gamma-secretase complex) performs an unusual type of proteolysis in which the transmembrane domains of Type I proteins are cleaved within the hydrophobic compartment of the membrane. This review describes some of the molecular and structural biology of this unusual enzyme complex. The presenilin complex is a bilobed structure. The head domain contains the ectodomain of nicastrin. The base domain contains a central cavity with a lateral cleft that likely provides the route for access of the substrate to the catalytic cavity within the centre of the base domain. There are reciprocal allosteric interactions between various sites in the complex that affect its function. For instance, binding of Compound E, a peptidomimetic inhibitor to the PS1 N-terminus, induces significant conformational changes that reduces substrate binding at the initial substrate docking site, and thus inhibits substrate cleavage. However, there is a reciprocal allosteric interaction between these sites such that prior binding of the substrate to the initial docking site paradoxically increases the binding of the Compound E peptidomimetic inhibitor. Such reciprocal interactions are likely to form the basis of a gating mechanism that underlies access of substrate to the catalytic site. An increasingly detailed understanding of the structural biology of the presenilin complex is an essential step towards rational design of substrate- and/or cleavage site-specific modulators of presenilin complex function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter H St George-Hyslop
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust MRC Building, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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10
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Steele JW, Brautigam H, Short JA, Sowa A, Shi M, Yadav A, Weaver CM, Westaway D, Fraser PE, St George-Hyslop PH, Gandy S, Hof PR, Dickstein DL. Early fear memory defects are associated with altered synaptic plasticity and molecular architecture in the TgCRND8 Alzheimer's disease mouse model. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:2319-35. [PMID: 24415002 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex and slowly progressing dementing disorder that results in neuronal and synaptic loss, deposition in brain of aberrantly folded proteins, and impairment of spatial and episodic memory. Most studies of mouse models of AD have employed analyses of cognitive status and assessment of amyloid burden, gliosis, and molecular pathology during disease progression. Here we sought to understand the behavioral, cellular, ultrastructural, and molecular changes that occur at a pathological stage equivalent to the early stages of human AD. We studied the TgCRND8 mouse, a model of aggressive AD amyloidosis, at an early stage of plaque pathology (3 months of age) in comparison to their wildtype littermates and assessed changes in cognition, neuron and spine structure, and expression of synaptic glutamate receptor proteins. We found that, at this age, TgCRND8 mice display substantial plaque deposition in the neocortex and hippocampus and impairment on cued and contextual memory tasks. Of particular interest, we also observed a significant decrease in the number of neurons in the hippocampus. Furthermore, analysis of CA1 neurons revealed significant changes in apical and basal dendritic spine types, as well as altered expression of GluN1 and GluA2 receptors. This change in molecular architecture within the hippocampus may reflect a rising representation of inherently less stable thin spine populations, which can cause cognitive decline. These changes, taken together with toxic insults from amyloid-β protein, may underlie the observed neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Steele
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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11
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Naj AC, Jun G, Reitz C, Kunkle BW, Perry W, Park YS, Beecham GW, Rajbhandary RA, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Wang LS, Kauwe JSK, Huentelman MJ, Myers AJ, Bird TD, Boeve BF, Baldwin CT, Jarvik GP, Crane PK, Rogaeva E, Barmada MM, Demirci FY, Cruchaga C, Kramer PL, Ertekin-Taner N, Hardy J, Graff-Radford NR, Green RC, Larson EB, St George-Hyslop PH, Buxbaum JD, Evans DA, Schneider JA, Lunetta KL, Kamboh MI, Saykin AJ, Reiman EM, De Jager PL, Bennett DA, Morris JC, Montine TJ, Goate AM, Blacker D, Tsuang DW, Hakonarson H, Kukull WA, Foroud TM, Martin ER, Haines JL, Mayeux RP, Farrer LA, Schellenberg GD, Pericak-Vance MA, Albert MS, Albin RL, Apostolova LG, Arnold SE, Barber R, Barnes LL, Beach TG, Becker JT, Beekly D, Bigio EH, Bowen JD, Boxer A, Burke JR, Cairns NJ, Cantwell LB, Cao C, Carlson CS, Carney RM, Carrasquillo MM, Carroll SL, Chui HC, Clark DG, Corneveaux J, Cribbs DH, Crocco EA, DeCarli C, DeKosky ST, Dick M, Dickson DW, Duara R, Faber KM, Fallon KB, Farlow MR, Ferris S, Frosch MP, Galasko DR, Ganguli M, Gearing M, Geschwind DH, Ghetti B, Gilbert JR, Glass JD, Growdon JH, Hamilton RL, Harrell LE, Head E, Honig LS, Hulette CM, Hyman BT, Jicha GA, Jin LW, Karydas A, Kaye JA, Kim R, Koo EH, Kowall NW, Kramer JH, LaFerla FM, Lah JJ, Leverenz JB, Levey AI, Li G, Lieberman AP, Lin CF, Lopez OL, Lyketsos CG, Mack WJ, Martiniuk F, Mash DC, Masliah E, McCormick WC, McCurry SM, McDavid AN, McKee AC, Mesulam M, Miller BL, Miller CA, Miller JW, Murrell JR, Olichney JM, Pankratz VS, Parisi JE, Paulson HL, Peskind E, Petersen RC, Pierce A, Poon WW, Potter H, Quinn JF, Raj A, Raskind M, Reisberg B, Ringman JM, Roberson ED, Rosen HJ, Rosenberg RN, Sano M, Schneider LS, Seeley WW, Smith AG, Sonnen JA, Spina S, Stern RA, Tanzi RE, Thornton-Wells TA, Trojanowski JQ, Troncoso JC, Valladares O, Van Deerlin VM, Van Eldik LJ, Vardarajan BN, Vinters HV, Vonsattel JP, Weintraub S, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Williamson J, Wishnek S, Woltjer RL, Wright CB, Younkin SG, Yu CE, Yu L. Effects of multiple genetic loci on age at onset in late-onset Alzheimer disease: a genome-wide association study. JAMA Neurol 2014; 71:1394-404. [PMID: 25199842 PMCID: PMC4314944 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.1491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Because APOE locus variants contribute to risk of late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) and to differences in age at onset (AAO), it is important to know whether other established LOAD risk loci also affect AAO in affected participants. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of known Alzheimer disease risk loci in modifying AAO and to estimate their cumulative effect on AAO variation using data from genome-wide association studies in the Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium comprises 14 case-control, prospective, and family-based data sets with data on 9162 participants of white race/ethnicity with Alzheimer disease occurring after age 60 years who also had complete AAO information, gathered between 1989 and 2011 at multiple sites by participating studies. Data on genotyped or imputed single-nucleotide polymorphisms most significantly associated with risk at 10 confirmed LOAD loci were examined in linear modeling of AAO, and individual data set results were combined using a random-effects, inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis approach to determine whether they contribute to variation in AAO. Aggregate effects of all risk loci on AAO were examined in a burden analysis using genotype scores weighted by risk effect sizes. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Age at disease onset abstracted from medical records among participants with LOAD diagnosed per standard criteria. RESULTS Analysis confirmed the association of APOE with earlier AAO (P = 3.3 × 10(-96)), with associations in CR1 (rs6701713, P = 7.2 × 10(-4)), BIN1 (rs7561528, P = 4.8 × 10(-4)), and PICALM (rs561655, P = 2.2 × 10(-3)) reaching statistical significance (P < .005). Risk alleles individually reduced AAO by 3 to 6 months. Burden analyses demonstrated that APOE contributes to 3.7% of the variation in AAO (R(2) = 0.256) over baseline (R(2) = 0.221), whereas the other 9 loci together contribute to 2.2% of the variation (R(2) = 0.242). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE We confirmed an association of APOE (OMIM 107741) variants with AAO among affected participants with LOAD and observed novel associations of CR1 (OMIM 120620), BIN1 (OMIM 601248), and PICALM (OMIM 603025) with AAO. In contrast to earlier hypothetical modeling, we show that the combined effects of Alzheimer disease risk variants on AAO are on the scale of, but do not exceed, the APOE effect. While the aggregate effects of risk loci on AAO may be significant, additional genetic contributions to AAO are individually likely to be small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Naj
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Gyungah Jun
- Genetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts4Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts5Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christiane Reitz
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York7Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York8Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New
| | - Brian W Kunkle
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - William Perry
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Yo Son Park
- The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Gary W Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida9The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | | | - Li-San Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - John S K Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Amanda J Myers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Thomas D Bird
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle15Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Clinton T Baldwin
- Genetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle18Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - F Yesim Demirci
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry and Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Patricia L Kramer
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland24Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Nilufer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida26Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - John Hardy
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, England
| | - Neill R Graff-Radford
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida26Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Robert C Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, and Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric B Larson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle29Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter H St George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada30Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York32Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York33Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Denis A Evans
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois36Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - M Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania37Alheimer Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis39Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona40Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix41Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Phoenix42Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts44Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Ins
| | - David A Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois45Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri47Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Psychiatry and Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Deborah Blacker
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts50Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Debby W Tsuang
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington51Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Walter A Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - Eden R Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida9The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee55Vanderbilit Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard P Mayeux
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York57Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York58Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Genetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts4Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts5Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts59Department of Epidemiology, Bos
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida9The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Marilyn S Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Roger L Albin
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor63Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System (VAAAHS), Ann Arbor, Michigan64Michigan Alzheimer Disease Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Liana G Apostolova
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Robert Barber
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois68Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - James T Becker
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Duane Beekly
- National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois73Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Adam Boxer
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - James R Burke
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Laura B Cantwell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Chuanhai Cao
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | | | - Regina M Carney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Steven L Carroll
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Helena C Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - David G Clark
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Jason Corneveaux
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - David H Cribbs
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine
| | - Elizabeth A Crocco
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Sacramento
| | | | - Malcolm Dick
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine
| | | | - Ranjan Duara
- Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida
| | - Kelley M Faber
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - Kenneth B Fallon
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | | | - Steven Ferris
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown
| | - Douglas R Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Mary Ganguli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia93Emory Alzheimer's Disease Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Neurogenetics Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - John R Gilbert
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida9The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | - John H Growdon
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Ronald L Hamilton
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lindy E Harrell
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Lawrence S Honig
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento
| | - Anna Karydas
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Jeffrey A Kaye
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland103Department of Neurology, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Ronald Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine
| | - Edward H Koo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Neil W Kowall
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts105Department of Pathology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neuropsychology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Frank M LaFerla
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine
| | - James J Lah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | | | - Chiao-Feng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Alheimer Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Frank Martiniuk
- Department of Medicine - Pulmonary, New York University, New York
| | - Deborah C Mash
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla113Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | | | - Susan M McCurry
- School of Nursing Northwest Research Group on Aging, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Ann C McKee
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts105Department of Pathology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marsel Mesulam
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois115Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Carol A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Joshua W Miller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento
| | - Jill R Murrell
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis95Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - John M Olichney
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Sacramento
| | | | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota119Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Elaine Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | | | - Aimee Pierce
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine
| | - Wayne W Poon
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine
| | - Huntington Potter
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Ashok Raj
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Murray Raskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Barry Reisberg
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York120Alzheimer's Disease Center, New York University, New York
| | - John M Ringman
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Erik D Roberson
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | | | - Mary Sano
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Lon S Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles122Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Amanda G Smith
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | | | - Salvatore Spina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - Robert A Stern
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | | | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Otto Valladares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | | | - Harry V Vinters
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles125Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Jean Paul Vonsattel
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois127Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathleen A Welsh-Bohmer
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina128Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer Williamson
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Sarah Wishnek
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Randall L Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Clinton B Wright
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Chang-En Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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12
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Li Y, Lu SHJ, Tsai CJ, Bohm C, Qamar S, Dodd RB, Meadows W, Jeon A, McLeod A, Chen F, Arimon M, Berezovska O, Hyman BT, Tomita T, Iwatsubo T, Johnson CM, Farrer LA, Schmitt-Ulms G, Fraser PE, St George-Hyslop PH. Structural interactions between inhibitor and substrate docking sites give insight into mechanisms of human PS1 complexes. Structure 2013; 22:125-35. [PMID: 24210759 PMCID: PMC3887256 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Presenilin-mediated endoproteolysis of transmembrane proteins plays a key role in physiological signaling and in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease and some cancers. Numerous inhibitors have been found via library screens, but their structural mechanisms remain unknown. We used several biophysical techniques to investigate the structure of human presenilin complexes and the effects of peptidomimetic γ-secretase inhibitors. The complexes are bilobed. The head contains nicastrin ectodomain. The membrane-embedded base has a central channel and a lateral cleft, which may represent the initial substrate docking site. Inhibitor binding induces widespread structural changes, including rotation of the head and closure of the lateral cleft. These changes block substrate access to the catalytic pocket and inhibit the enzyme. Intriguingly, peptide substrate docking has reciprocal effects on the inhibitor binding site. Similar reciprocal shifts may underlie the mechanisms of other inhibitors and of the “lateral gate” through which substrates access to the catalytic site. The head contains nicastrin ectodomain and overhangs a solute-accessible cavity in base The base has a central channel and a lateral cleft (putative substrate docking site) Inhibitors close the cleft and channel and rotate the head, blocking substrate access
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Stephen Hsueh-Jeng Lu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ching-Ju Tsai
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Christopher Bohm
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Seema Qamar
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Roger B Dodd
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - William Meadows
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Amy Jeon
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Adam McLeod
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Fusheng Chen
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Muriel Arimon
- Alzheimer Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Oksana Berezovska
- Alzheimer Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Alzheimer Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- Department of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Christopher M Johnson
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Neurology, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Genomics, Biostatistics, and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Gerold Schmitt-Ulms
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Paul E Fraser
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Peter H St George-Hyslop
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada.
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13
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Steele JW, Lachenmayer ML, Ju S, Stock A, Liken J, Kim SH, Delgado LM, Alfaro IE, Bernales S, Verdile G, Bharadwaj P, Gupta V, Barr R, Friss A, Dolios G, Wang R, Ringe D, Fraser P, Westaway D, St George-Hyslop PH, Szabo P, Relkin NR, Buxbaum JD, Glabe CG, Protter AA, Martins RN, Ehrlich ME, Petsko GA, Yue Z, Gandy S. Latrepirdine improves cognition and arrests progression of neuropathology in an Alzheimer's mouse model. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:889-97. [PMID: 22850627 PMCID: PMC3625697 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Latrepirdine (Dimebon) is a pro-neurogenic, antihistaminic compound that has yielded mixed results in clinical trials of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease, with a dramatically positive outcome in a Russian clinical trial that was unconfirmed in a replication trial in the United States. We sought to determine whether latrepirdine (LAT)-stimulated amyloid precursor protein (APP) catabolism is at least partially attributable to regulation of macroautophagy, a highly conserved protein catabolism pathway that is known to be impaired in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We utilized several mammalian cellular models to determine whether LAT regulates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Atg5-dependent autophagy. Male TgCRND8 mice were chronically administered LAT prior to behavior analysis in the cued and contextual fear conditioning paradigm, as well as immunohistological and biochemical analysis of AD-related neuropathology. Treatment of cultured mammalian cells with LAT led to enhanced mTOR- and Atg5-dependent autophagy. Latrepirdine treatment of TgCRND8 transgenic mice was associated with improved learning behavior and with a reduction in accumulation of Aβ42 and α-synuclein. We conclude that LAT possesses pro-autophagic properties in addition to the previously reported pro-neurogenic properties, both of which are potentially relevant to the treatment and/or prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. We suggest that elucidation of the molecular mechanism(s) underlying LAT effects on neurogenesis, autophagy and behavior might warranty the further study of LAT as a potentially viable lead compound that might yield more consistent clinical benefit following the optimization of its pro-neurogenic, pro-autophagic and/or pro-cognitive activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Steele
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029
,Department of Psychiatry and The Mount Sinai Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029
,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York NY 10065
| | - M. Lenard Lachenmayer
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029
,Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shulin Ju
- Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham MA 02453
| | - Aryeh Stock
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029
| | - Jessica Liken
- Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham MA 02453
| | - Soong Ho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029
,Department of Psychiatry and The Mount Sinai Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029
| | - Luz M. Delgado
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Sebastian Bernales
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
,Medivation, Inc., San Francisco, CA 94105 USA
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia, 6027.
| | - Prashant Bharadwaj
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia, 6027.
| | - Veer Gupta
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia, 6027.
| | - Renae Barr
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia, 6027.
| | - Amy Friss
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029
| | - Georgia Dolios
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029
| | - Dagmar Ringe
- Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham MA 02453
| | - Paul Fraser
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 3H2 Canada
| | - David Westaway
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T5J 4P6, Canada
| | - Peter H. St George-Hyslop
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T5J 4P6, Canada
| | - Paul Szabo
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Norman R. Relkin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Joseph D. Buxbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and The Mount Sinai Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029
,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029
,Department of Psychiatry, Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, and The Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029
| | - Charles G. Glabe
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | - Ralph N. Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia, 6027.
,School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
,Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, Hollywood Private Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| | - Michelle E. Ehrlich
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029
,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029
,Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029
| | - Gregory A. Petsko
- Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham MA 02453
,Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029
,Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029
| | - Sam Gandy
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029
,Department of Psychiatry and The Mount Sinai Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029
,James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx NY 10468
,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1137, New York, NY 10029 USA or .
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14
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Brautigam H, Steele JW, Westaway D, Fraser PE, George-Hyslop PHS, Gandy S, Hof PR, Dickstein DL. The isotropic fractionator provides evidence for differential loss of hippocampal neurons in two mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2012; 7:58. [PMID: 23173713 PMCID: PMC3551697 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-7-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers or fibrils is thought to be one of the main causes of synaptic and neuron loss, believed to underlie cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuron loss has rarely been documented in amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mouse models. We investigated whether two APP mouse models characterized by different folding states of amyloid showed different neuronal densities using an accurate method of cell counting. FINDINGS We examined total cell and neuronal populations in Swedish/Indiana APP mutant mice (TgCRND8) with severe Aβ pathology that includes fibrils, plaques, and oligomers, and Dutch APP mutant mice with only Aβ oligomer pathology. Using the isotropic fractionator, we found no differences from control mice in regional total cell populations in either TgCRND8 or Dutch mice. However, there were 31.8% fewer hippocampal neurons in TgCRND8 compared to controls, while no such changes were observed in Dutch mice. CONCLUSIONS We show that the isotropic fractionator is a convenient method for estimating neuronal content in milligram quantities of brain tissue and represents a useful tool to assess cell loss efficiently in transgenic models with different types of neuropathology. Our data support the hypothesis that TgCRND8 mice with a spectrum of Aβ plaque, fibril, and oligomer pathology exhibit neuronal loss whereas Dutch mice with only oligomers, showed no evidence for neuronal loss. This suggests that the combination of plaques, fibrils, and oligomers causes more damage to mouse hippocampal neurons than Aβ oligomers alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Brautigam
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - John W Steele
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - David Westaway
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M8, Canada
| | - Paul E Fraser
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Departments of Medical Biophysics and Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Peter H St George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Departments of Medical Biophysics and Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Sam Gandy
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Dara L Dickstein
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Leon and Norma Hess Center for Science and Medicine, 10th Floor, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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Reitz C, Cheng R, Rogaeva E, Lee JH, Tokuhiro S, Zou F, Bettens K, Sleegers K, Tan EK, Kimura R, Shibata N, Arai H, Kamboh MI, Prince JA, Maier W, Riemenschneider M, Owen M, Harold D, Hollingworth P, Cellini E, Sorbi S, Nacmias B, Takeda M, Pericak-Vance MA, Haines JL, Younkin S, Williams J, van Broeckhoven C, Farrer LA, St George-Hyslop PH, Mayeux R. Meta-analysis of the association between variants in SORL1 and Alzheimer disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 68:99-106. [PMID: 21220680 DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2010.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To reexamine the association between the neuronal sortilin-related receptor gene (SORL1) and Alzheimer disease (AD). DESIGN Comprehensive and unbiased meta-analysis of all published and unpublished data from case-control studies for the SORL1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that had been repeatedly assessed across studies. SETTING Academic research institutions in the United States, the Netherlands, Canada, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Japan, Sweden, Germany, France, and Italy. PARTICIPANTS All published white and Asian case-control data sets, which included a total of 12,464 cases and 17,929 controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Alzheimer disease according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) and the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (now known as the Alzheimer's Association). RESULTS In the white data sets, several markers were associated with AD after correction for multiple testing, including previously reported SNPs 8, 9, and 10 (P < .001). In addition, the C-G-C haplotype at SNPs 8 through 10 was associated with AD risk (P < .001). In the combined Asian data sets, SNPs 19 and 23 through 25 were associated with AD risk (P < .001). The disease-associated alleles at SNPs 8, 9, and 10 (120,873,131-120,886,175 base pairs [bp]; C-G-C alleles), at SNP 19 (120,953,300 bp; G allele), and at SNPs 24 through 25 (120,988,611 bp; T and C alleles) were the same previously reported alleles. The SNPs 4 through 5, 8 through 10, 12, and 19 through 25 belong to distinct linkage disequilibrium blocks. The same alleles at SNPs 8 through 10 (C-G-C), 19 (G), and 24 and 25 (T and C) have also been associated with AD endophenotypes, including white matter hyperintensities and hippocampal atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid measures of amyloid β-peptide 42, and full-length SORL1 expression in the human brain. CONCLUSION This comprehensive meta-analysis provides confirmatory evidence that multiple SORL1 variants in distinct linkage disequilibrium blocks are associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Reitz
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain and the Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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16
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Ehsani S, Huo H, Salehzadeh A, Pocanschi CL, Watts JC, Wille H, Westaway D, Rogaeva E, St George-Hyslop PH, Schmitt-Ulms G. Family reunion--the ZIP/prion gene family. Prog Neurobiol 2010; 93:405-20. [PMID: 21163327 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases of humans and animals which, in addition to sporadic and familial modes of manifestation, can be acquired via an infectious route of propagation. In disease, the prion protein (PrP(C)) undergoes a structural transition to its disease-causing form (PrP(Sc)) with profoundly different physicochemical properties. Surprisingly, despite intense interest in the prion protein, its function in the context of other cellular activities has largely remained elusive. We recently employed quantitative mass spectrometry to characterize the interactome of the prion protein in a murine neuroblastoma cell line (N2a), an established cell model for prion replication. Extensive bioinformatic analyses subsequently established an evolutionary link between the prion gene family and the family of ZIP (Zrt-, Irt-like protein) metal ion transporters. More specifically, sequence alignments, structural threading data and multiple additional pieces of evidence placed a ZIP5/ZIP6/ZIP10-like ancestor gene at the root of the PrP gene family. In this review we examine the biology of prion proteins and ZIP transporters from the viewpoint of a shared phylogenetic origin. We summarize and compare available data that shed light on genetics, function, expression, signaling, post-translational modifications and metal binding preferences of PrP and ZIP family members. Finally, we explore data indicative of retropositional origins of the prion gene founder and discuss a possible function for the prion-like (PL) domain within ZIP transporters. While throughout the article emphasis is placed on ZIP proteins, the intent is to highlight connections between PrP and ZIP transporters and uncover promising directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Ehsani
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3H2, Canada
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Lee JH, Cheng R, Barral S, Reitz C, Medrano M, Lantigua R, Jiménez-Velazquez IZ, Rogaeva E, St George-Hyslop PH, Mayeux R. Identification of novel loci for Alzheimer disease and replication of CLU, PICALM, and BIN1 in Caribbean Hispanic individuals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 68:320-8. [PMID: 21059989 DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2010.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify novel loci for late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) in Caribbean Hispanic individuals and to replicate the findings in a publicly available data set from the National Institute on Aging Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Family Study. DESIGN Nested case-control genome-wide association study. SETTING The Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project and the Estudio Familiar de Influencia Genetica de Alzheimer study. PARTICIPANTS Five hundred forty-nine affected and 544 unaffected individuals of Caribbean Hispanic ancestry. INTERVENTION The Illumina HumanHap 650Y chip for genotyping. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Clinical diagnosis or pathologically confirmed diagnosis of LOAD. RESULTS The strongest support for allelic association was for rs9945493 on 18q23 (P=1.7×10(-7)), but 22 additional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) had a P value less than 9×10(-6) under 3 different analyses: unadjusted and stratified by the presence or absence of the APOE ε4 allele. Of these SNPs, 5 SNPs (rs4669573 and rs10197851 on 2p25.1; rs11711889 on 3q25.2; rs1117750 on 7p21.1; and rs7908652 on 10q23.1) were associated with LOAD in an independent cohort from the National Institute on Aging Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Family Study. We also replicated genetic associations for CLU, PICALM, and BIN1. CONCLUSIONS Our genome-wide search of Caribbean Hispanic individuals identified several novel genetic variants associated with LOAD and replicated these associations in a white cohort. We also replicated associations in CLU, PICALM, and BIN1 in the Caribbean Hispanic cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Lee
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Orlacchio A, Babalini C, Borreca A, Patrono C, Massa R, Basaran S, Munhoz RP, Rogaeva EA, St George-Hyslop PH, Bernardi G, Kawarai T. SPATACSIN mutations cause autosomal recessive juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2010; 133:591-8. [PMID: 20110243 PMCID: PMC2822627 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awp325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mutation of the spatacsin gene is the single most common cause of autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum. Common clinical, pathological and genetic features between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and hereditary spastic paraplegia motivated us to investigate 25 families with autosomal recessive juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and long-term survival for mutations in the spatascin gene. The inclusion criterion was a diagnosis of clinically definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis according to the revised El Escorial criteria. The exclusion criterion was a diagnosis of hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum in line with an established protocol. Additional pathological and genetic evaluations were also performed. Surprisingly, 12 sequence alterations in the spatacsin gene (one of which is novel, IVS30 + 1 G > A) were identified in 10 unrelated pedigrees with autosomal recessive juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and long-term survival. The countries of origin of these families were Italy, Brazil, Canada, Japan and Turkey. The variants seemed to be pathogenic since they co-segregated with the disease in all pedigrees, were absent in controls and were associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis neuropathology in one member of one of these families for whom central nervous system tissue was available. Our study indicates that mutations in the spatascin gene could cause a much wider spectrum of clinical features than previously recognized, including autosomal recessive juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Orlacchio
- Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello -Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia, 64 Via del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome 00143, Italy.
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T Cuenco K, Lunetta KL, Baldwin CT, McKee AC, Guo J, Cupples LA, Green RC, St George-Hyslop PH, Chui H, DeCarli C, Farrer LA. Association of distinct variants in SORL1 with cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative changes related to Alzheimer disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 65:1640-8. [PMID: 19064752 DOI: 10.1001/archneur.65.12.1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 2 distinct regions of the gene for the sortilin-related receptor (SORL1) (bounded by consecutively numbered SNPs 8-10 and 22-25) were shown to be associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) in multiple ethnically diverse samples. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that SORL1 is associated with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of atrophy and/or vascular disease. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS We evaluated the association of 30 SNPs spanning SORL1 with MRI measures of general cerebral atrophy, hippocampal atrophy, white matter hyperintensities, and overall cerebrovascular disease in 44 African American and 182 white sibships from the MIRAGE Study. We performed single- and 3-SNP haplotype association analyses using family-based tests. Haplotypes found to be significantly associated with at least 1 MRI trait were tested for association with 6 pathological traits in a separate sample of 69 white patients with autopsy-confirmed AD. RESULTS In white patients, white matter hyperintensities were associated with multiple markers in the region encompassing SNPs 6 to 10, whereas cerebral and hippocampal atrophy were associated with markers from the region including SNPs 21 to 26. Examination of specific 3-SNP haplotypes from these 2 regions in the autopsy-confirmed cases of AD revealed association of white matter disease with SNPs 8 to 10 and association of hippocampal atrophy with SNPs 22 to 26. The haplotype CGC at SNPs 8 to 10 was associated with fewer white matter changes in the clinical (P<.001) and autopsy (P=.02) samples. CONCLUSIONS Variants of SORL1 previously associated with AD are also associated with MRI and neuropathological measures of neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disease. These findings not only support the hypothesis that multiple areas in SORL1 are of functional importance but also raise the possibility that multiple SORL1 variants influence amyloid precursor protein or endothelial lipoprotein processing or both in different regions of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen T Cuenco
- Genetics Program, Department of Medicine, Room L320, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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21
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Orlacchio A, Bruce IN, Rahman P, Kawarai T, Bernardi G, St George-Hyslop PH, Gladman DD, Urowitz MB. The apolipoprotein E2 isoform is associated with accelerated onset of coronary artery disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Med Sci Monit 2008; 14:CR233-CR237. [PMID: 18443545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a highly prevalent autoimmune disease and coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complication of SLE which is often crucial for the patient's prognosis. It is hypothesized that apolipoprotein E (Apo E), which is involved in cholesterol metabolism, might play a role in this process. MATERIAL/METHODS Patients with SLE registered at the University of Toronto Lupus Clinic who had DNA available for study had their Apo E genotype determined. Each case was assessed for the presence of CAD, and Apo E allele frequencies in patients with SLE were compared with data from the general population. Age at onset and disease duration of CAD were also recorded and compared between groups. RESULTS DNA was stored from 152 patients, of whom 38 (25%) had CAD. There was no difference in the frequencies of the Apo E isoforms between SLE patients and the general population. Patients with the E2 allele developed CAD after a mean +/-SD of 6.0+/-1.9 yrs compared with 14.5+/-5.4 yrs in those with E3/3 (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The distribution of Apo E genotypes in SLE is not significantly different from that of the North American population. In SLE, Apo E2 was associated with a more rapid development of CAD. Therefore, Apo E2 might interact with other disease-related factors to accelerate the onset of CAD in some patients with SLE and as such might be an additional marker of risk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Orlacchio
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, CERC-IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy and Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
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Li H, Wetten S, Li L, St Jean PL, Upmanyu R, Surh L, Hosford D, Barnes MR, Briley JD, Borrie M, Coletta N, Delisle R, Dhalla D, Ehm MG, Feldman HH, Fornazzari L, Gauthier S, Goodgame N, Guzman D, Hammond S, Hollingworth P, Hsiung GY, Johnson J, Kelly DD, Keren R, Kertesz A, King KS, Lovestone S, Loy-English I, Matthews PM, Owen MJ, Plumpton M, Pryse-Phillips W, Prinjha RK, Richardson JC, Saunders A, Slater AJ, St George-Hyslop PH, Stinnett SW, Swartz JE, Taylor RL, Wherrett J, Williams J, Yarnall DP, Gibson RA, Irizarry MC, Middleton LT, Roses AD. Candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms from a genomewide association study of Alzheimer disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 65:45-53. [PMID: 17998437 DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2007.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with risk and age at onset of Alzheimer disease (AD) in a genomewide association study of 469 438 SNPs. DESIGN Case-control study with replication. SETTING Memory referral clinics in Canada and the United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS The hypothesis-generating data set consisted of 753 individuals with AD by National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria recruited from 9 memory referral clinics in Canada and 736 ethnically matched control subjects; control subjects were recruited from nonbiological relatives, friends, or spouses of the patients and did not exhibit cognitive impairment by history or cognitive testing. The follow-up data set consisted of 418 AD cases and 249 nondemented control cases from the United Kingdom Medical Research Council Genetic Resource for Late-Onset AD recruited from clinics at Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, and King's College London, London, England. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for association of SNPs with AD by logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, education, study site, and French Canadian ancestry (for the Canadian data set). Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals from Cox proportional hazards regression for age at onset with similar covariate adjustments. RESULTS Unadjusted, SNP RS4420638 within APOC1 was strongly associated with AD due entirely to linkage disequilibrium with APOE. In the multivariable adjusted analyses, 3 SNPs within the top 120 by P value in the logistic analysis and 1 in the Cox analysis of the Canadian data set provided additional evidence for association at P< .05 within the United Kingdom Medical Research Council data set: RS7019241 (GOLPH2), RS10868366 (GOLPH2), RS9886784 (chromosome 9), and RS10519262 (intergenic between ATP8B4 and SLC27A2). CONCLUSIONS Our genomewide association analysis again identified the APOE linkage disequilibrium region as the strongest genetic risk factor for AD. This could be a consequence of the coevolution of more than 1 susceptibility allele, such as APOC1, in this region. We also provide new evidence for additional candidate genetic risk factors for AD that can be tested in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Klünemann HH, Fronhöfer W, Werner-Füchtenbusch D, Grasbon-Frodl E, Kloiber S, Wurster HW, St George-Hyslop PH, Rogaeva E. Characterization of the kindred of Alois Alzheimer's patient with plaque-only dementia. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2007; 20:291-4. [PMID: 17132975 DOI: 10.1097/01.wad.0000213855.81989.c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We describe the kindred of Alois Alzheimer's second published patient (Johann F.) with the brain pathology typical of a subgroup of Alzheimer disease called "plaque-only type." The genealogic records of the kindred extend back to 1670. We constructed a family tree of 1403 individuals and identified 4 living demented members of the Johann F. kindred. The pedigree is consistent with an autosomal dominant trait. The analyses of known dominant dementia genes (APP, PS1, PS2, PRNP, and BRI) failed to reveal mutations in the proband. Further examination of this family might yield new insights into the genetics of Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans H Klünemann
- Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie, Universitätsstr. 84, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Munhoz RP, Kawarai T, Teive HA, Raskin S, Sato C, Liang Y, St George-Hyslop PH, Rogaeva E. Clinical and genetic study of a Brazilian family with spastic paraplegia (SPG6 locus). Mov Disord 2006; 21:279-81. [PMID: 16267846 DOI: 10.1002/mds.20775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a Brazilian family in which inheritance of a G106R mutation in the SPG6 gene (also know as NIPA1) resulted in an autosomal dominant form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (ADHSP). Clinical investigations indicated that this family has a pure form of spastic paraplegia. All patients presented with gait difficulty in their twenties, progressing to frank spastic paraplegia during the next decade. Our report further supports evidence that mutations in SPG6 cause ADHSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato P Munhoz
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Orlacchio A, Kawarai T, Gaudiello F, St George-Hyslop PH, Floris R, Bernardi G. New locus for hereditary spastic paraplegia maps to chromosome 1p31.1-1p21.1. Ann Neurol 2005; 58:423-9. [PMID: 16130112 DOI: 10.1002/ana.20590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We have updated the clinical description of a large Scottish pedigree, in which patients were affected by spastic paraplegia complicated by hearing impairment and persistent vomiting due to hiatal hernia inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Using a genome-wide mapping approach, we identified a novel locus (SPG29) for this form of hereditary spastic paraplegia on chromosome 1p31.1-21.1 and narrowed it to 22.3cM between markers D1S2889 and D1S248. Sequencing of one candidate gene in the region (sorting nexin 7, SNX7), involved in several stages of intracellular trafficking and protein transport, showed no disease-causing mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Orlacchio
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Centro Europeo Di Ricerca Sul Cervello-Istituto di Ricovero e cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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Orlacchio A, Kawarai T, Gaudiello F, Totaro A, Schillaci O, Stefani A, Floris R, St George-Hyslop PH, Sorbi S, Bernardi G. Clinical and genetic study of a large SPG4 Italian family. Mov Disord 2005; 20:1055-9. [PMID: 15858810 DOI: 10.1002/mds.20494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel SPG4 906delT frame-shift mutation in exon 6 was identified in a large Italian family with an autosomal dominant form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (ADHSP). Intrafamilial phenotypic variations observed in the pedigree included spasticity and additional clinical features, such as peripheral sensory-motor neuropathy, cognitive impairment, and urological dysfunction. Severe clinical features were found predominantly in the men who were affected, and there was no statistically significant correlation of disability and time since onset of symptoms, suggesting the existence of other genetic/nongenetic modifier(s), including gender.
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Shibata N, Kawarai T, Lee JH, Lee HS, Shibata E, Sato C, Liang Y, Duara R, Mayeux RP, St George-Hyslop PH, Rogaeva E. Association studies of cholesterol metabolism genes (CH25H, ABCA1 and CH24H) in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2005; 391:142-6. [PMID: 16157450 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2005] [Revised: 08/19/2005] [Accepted: 08/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that cholesterol metabolism has an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, suggesting that cholesterol-related genes may be significant genetic risk factors for AD. Based on the results of genome-wide screens, along with biological studies, we selected three genes as candidates for AD risk factors: ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) and cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CH24H). Case-control of North American Caucasians and AD families of Caribbean Hispanic origin were examined. Although excellent biological candidates, the case-control dataset did not support the hypothesis that these three genes were associated with susceptibility to AD. Similarly, no association was found in the Caribbean Hispanic families for CH25H. However, we did observe a possible interaction between ABCA1 and APOE in the Hispanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuto Shibata
- Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tanz Neuroscience Building, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, Toronto, Ont., Canada M5S 3H2
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Abstract
Like several other adult onset neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease is a multifactorial illness with both genetic and non-genetic causes. Recent genetic studies have identified four genes associated with inherited risk for AD (presenilin 1, presenilin 2, amyloid precursor protein, and apolipoprotein E). These genes account for about half of the total genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease. It is suspected that several other Alzheimer's disease-susceptibility genes exist, and their identification is the subject of ongoing research. Nevertheless, biological studies on the effects of mutations in the four known genes has led to the conclusion that all of these genes cause dysregulation of amyloid precursor protein processing and in particular dysregulation of the handling of a proteolytic derivative termed Abeta. The accumulation of Abeta appears to be an early and initiating event that triggers a series of downstream processes including misprocessing of the tau protein. This cascade ultimately causes neuronal dysfunction and death, and leads to the clinical and pathological features of Alzheimer's disease. Knowledge of this biochemical cascade now provides several potential targets for the development of diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H St George-Hyslop
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, The Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, 6, Queen's Park Crescent West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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29
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Klünemann HH, Rogaeva E, Neumann M, Kretzschmar HA, Kandel M, Toulina A, Sato C, Salehi-Rad S, Pfister K, Klein HE, St George-Hyslop PH. Novel PS1 mutation in a Bavarian kindred with familial Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2004; 18:256-8. [PMID: 15592140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe a novel Leu174Arg PS1 mutation in two members of a Bavarian family which were initially diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia. Intriguingly, there is the possibility that there is an 18th century founder effect and that this family is related to original kindreds with familial Alzheimer disease described in the early 20th century.
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Orlacchio A, Kawarai T, Totaro A, Errico A, St George-Hyslop PH, Rugarli EI, Bernardi G. Hereditary spastic paraplegia: clinical genetic study of 15 families. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 61:849-55. [PMID: 15210521 DOI: 10.1001/archneur.61.6.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia (ADHSP) is mainly caused by mutations in the SPG4 gene, which encodes a new member of the AAA (adenosine triphosphatases associated with diverse cellular activities) protein family (spastin). Accumulation of genotype-phenotype correlation is important for better understanding of SPG4-linked hereditary spastic paraplegia. OBJECTIVES To perform a clinical and genetic study of families with ADHSP and to perform the functional analysis of the founder mutation discovered in the SPG4 gene. DESIGN Genetic and clinical study. Patients Fifteen unrelated families with ADHSP originating from southern Scotland. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical assessment, linkage analysis, haplotype study, expression of mutant spastin protein in cultured cells. RESULTS Nine families with ADHSP were linked to the SPG4 locus at 2p21-p24. Sequence analysis of SPG4showed a novel N386S mutation in all 9 of these families. Expression of mutant spastin showed aberrant distribution in cultured cells. Haplotype analysis suggested the existence of a common founder. Clinical examination of the affected members carrying the mutation showed phenotypic variations including broad range of age at onset and disease duration and additional neurologic features such as mental retardation. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated unique features, including thin corpus callosum and atrophy of the cerebellum in 2 patients. Linkage and sequence analyses showed no evidence of linkage to the currently known ADHSP loci in the remaining 6 families. CONCLUSIONS A founder SPG4 mutation N386S was identified in the families with ADHSP originating from southern Scotland. Clinical investigation showed intrafamilial and interfamilial phenotypic variations. The genetic study demonstrated evidence of further genetic heterogeneity in ADHSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Orlacchio
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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31
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Orlacchio A, Kawarai T, Polidoro M, Paterson AD, Rogaeva E, Orlacchio A, St George-Hyslop PH, Bernardi G. Lack of association between Alzheimer's disease and the promoter region polymorphisms of the nicastrin gene. Neurosci Lett 2004; 363:49-53. [PMID: 15157994 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2004] [Revised: 03/18/2004] [Accepted: 03/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The biological analysis of nicastrin (NCSTN) shows its crucial role in gamma-cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein. Inhibition of NCSTN demonstrated altered gamma-cleavage activity, suggesting its potential implication in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We sequenced the NCSTN gene promoter region and found two promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at putative transcription binding sites, -796T/G and -1216C/A. The association study using the promoter SNPs showed no significant genetic effect upon the development of AD. Haplotype analysis with the promoter SNPs and coding SNPs demonstrated no significant difference between familial AD cases and controls. Moreover, the genotype of each promoter SNP did not have an association with age-at-onset in AD. Our investigation suggests that the two promoter SNPs are unrelated to the development of AD, however, further investigation at the promoter region of NCSTN may be necessary to address its potential implication of gene expression in AD.
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32
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Peltekova VD, Wintle RF, Rubin LA, Amos CI, Huang Q, Gu X, Newman B, Van Oene M, Cescon D, Greenberg G, Griffiths AM, St George-Hyslop PH, Siminovitch KA. Functional variants of OCTN cation transporter genes are associated with Crohn disease. Nat Genet 2004; 36:471-5. [PMID: 15107849 DOI: 10.1038/ng1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 551] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2004] [Accepted: 02/25/2004] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Crohn disease is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. A locus of approximately 250 kb at 5q31 (IBD5) was previously associated with susceptibility to Crohn disease, as indicated by increased prevalence of a risk haplotype of 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms among individuals with Crohn disease, but the pathogenic lesion in the region has not yet been identified. We report here that two variants in the organic cation transporter cluster at 5q31 (a missense substitution in SLC22A4 and a G-->C transversion in the SLC22A5 promoter) form a haplotype associated with susceptibility to Crohn disease. These variants alter transcription and transporter functions of the organic cation transporters and interact with variants in another gene associated with Crohn disease, CARD15, to increase risk of Crohn disease. These results suggest that SLC22A4, SLC22A5 and CARD15 act in a common pathogenic pathway to cause Crohn disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanya D Peltekova
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, and Department of Immunology, Mount Sinai Hospital Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
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Tandon A, Yu H, Wang L, Rogaeva E, Sato C, Chishti MA, Kawarai T, Hasegawa H, Chen F, Davies P, Fraser PE, Westaway D, St George-Hyslop PH. Brain levels of CDK5 activator p25 are not increased in Alzheimer's or other neurodegenerative diseases with neurofibrillary tangles. J Neurochem 2003; 86:572-81. [PMID: 12859671 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of p25 and constitutive activation of CDK5 have been observed in AD brains. This has led to the hypothesis that increased p25 levels could promote neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) through CDK5-mediated hyperphosphorylation of tau, the principal component of NFTs. We examined p25 immunoreactivity in brains from sporadic and familial AD cases, as well as other neurologic diseases that exhibit NFT, such as Down's syndrome (DS), Pick's disease (Pick), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Neither the p25 immunoreactivity nor the p25/p35 ratio was elevated in the AD brains or in the other tauopathies (n = 34) compared with controls (n = 11). Although Abeta peptides have been suggested to activate calpain-mediated cleavage of p35 to p25 in cultured neurons, p25 levels in brains of TgCRND8 mice, which express high levels of brain Abeta peptides, were similar to those of non-Tg littermates. Our data suggest that high Abeta levels in brain do not activate p35 proteolysis, and p25 is unlikely to be a causative agent for NFT formation in AD or other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Tandon
- Departments of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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34
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Di Natale M, Perri M, Kawarai T, Maletta R, Tomaino C, Sato C, Nacmias B, Shibata N, Sorbi S, St George-Hyslop PH, Bruni AC, Rogaeva E. Absence of association between Alzheimer disease and the regulatory region polymorphism of the PS2 gene in an Italian population. Neurosci Lett 2003; 343:210-2. [PMID: 12770698 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00335-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder of aging. Identifying novel AD genetic risk factors is important for understanding its pathogenesis. A recent study demonstrated that the deletion of adenosine in the promoter region of the presenilin 2 gene (PS2) is a susceptibility factor for early-onset AD. The objective of our study was to test the possibility that this variation is associated with AD in the Italian population. A case-control association study was performed, using 200 sporadic AD cases and 160 normal controls matched by age, gender and ethnicity. The current study does not support the notion that the polymorphism in the PS2 gene constitutes a risk factor for either late-onset or early-onset AD, which means that other genetic factors play a role in the development of AD in the Italian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Di Natale
- Centro Regionale di Neurogenetica AS 6, Viale A.Perugini, 88046, Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy
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35
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Orlacchio A, Kawarai T, Polidoro M, Stefani A, Orlacchio A, St George-Hyslop PH, Bernardi G. Association analysis between Alzheimer's disease and the Nicastrin gene polymorphisms. Neurosci Lett 2002; 333:115-8. [PMID: 12419494 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(02)01022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The biological study of the Nicastrin protein shows its crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We tested the hypothesis that the Nicastrin (NCSTN) gene might be genetically associated with AD. The association analysis of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding region (cSNPs) of NCSTN were performed in an Italian population. No evidence of association was obtained between the two SNPs investigated in sporadic and familial AD cases under the stratification of currently known genetic risk factors including the apolipoprotein E (APOE), the presenilins and the beta-amyloid precursor protein. The result suggests no apparent synergic interaction between the NCSTN and APOE epsilon 4 in the risk to develop the late onset sporadic form of AD. But considering its biological effects, the result can not exclude the NCSTN as candidate for genetic factor in AD. Further genetic study of the NCSTN would be necessary to evaluate the potential genetic involvement in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Orlacchio
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, IRCCS Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 354, 00179, Rome, Italy.
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36
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Orlacchio A, Kawarai T, Paciotti E, Stefani A, Orlacchio A, Sorbi S, St George-Hyslop PH, Bernardi G. Association study of the 5-hydroxytryptamine(6) receptor gene in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2002; 325:13-6. [PMID: 12023056 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) transmission has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A coding single nucleotide polymorphism 267 (C/T) in the 5-HT(6) receptor gene was previously reported as a susceptibility factor for AD. An extensive replication study was performed using our data set including sporadic and familial cases. No significant association between the 5-HT(6) receptor gene and AD was obtained with or without the stratification of apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 status. Our result suggests that the 267C allele of the 5-HT(6) receptor gene may not be a genetic risk factor for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Orlacchio
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 354, 00179, Rome, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangram S Sisodia
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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38
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Abstract
Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer's disease; AbetaPP, amyloid beta protein precursor; BACE, beta-site AbetaPP cleaving enzyme; PS1, presenilin-1; PS2, presenilin-2; APOE, apolipoprotein E; LRP, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein; SNPs, single-nucleotide polymorphisms; A2M, alpha-2-macroglobulin. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder associated with dementia in the elderly population. Its clinical symptoms are manifest with increasing prominence during mid- to late stages of adulthood. In the absence of precise biological indicators that precede or accompany the cognitive decline, diagnostic confirmation of AD requires postmortem detection of histopathological characteristics such as amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and extensive cortical atrophy. While the etiology of AD remains incompletely understood, it was recognized early on that the observed familial aggregation of AD implied the presence of one or more inherited susceptibility markers that could be useful in diagnosis and treatment. To date, genetic analyses of these pedigrees have resolved four independent genetic loci linked with inherited susceptibility to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tanz Neuroscience Bldg., University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H2. Tel.: +1 416 978 2503; Fax: +1 416 978 1878
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Lippa CF, Zhukareva V, Kawarai T, Uryu K, Shafiq M, Nee LE, Grafman J, Liang Y, St George-Hyslop PH, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY. Frontotemporal dementia with novel tau pathology and a Glu342Valtau mutation. Ann Neurol 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1531-8249(200012)48:6<850::aid-ana5>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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St George-Hyslop PH, Fraser PE, Yu G, Nishimura M, Arawaka S. Genetics and biology of the presenilins and their interacting proteins. Neurobiol Aging 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(00)82562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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