1
|
Okajima D, Yasuda S, Yokouchi Y, Fujitani T, Sakurai K, Yamaguchi J, Kitamura M, Terauchi T, Shibutani T, Aida T, Nakada T, Tokuhiro S, Toki T, Noguchi Y, Abe Y, Agatsuma T. Preclinical efficacy studies of DS-1062a, a novel TROP2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate with a novel DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor DXd. J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.e24206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuki Abe
- Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ciprotti M, Abraham R, Jansen M, Tokuhiro S, Hanai M, Oitate M, Shuster DE, Martinez A. A phase I, open label, two part, safety and tolerability study of U3-1784 in patients with advanced solid tumours. J Clin Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.34.15_suppl.tps2593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marika Ciprotti
- Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd., Gerrards Cross, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mendel Jansen
- Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd., Gerrards Cross, United Kingdom
| | | | - Masaharu Hanai
- Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd., Gerrards Cross, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kariya S, Tokuhiro S, Akima R, Ogawa Y. PO-40: Combination Treatment of Hydrogen Peroxide and X-Rays Induces Apoptosis in Hypdxic PC-3 Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)34594-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
4
|
Yaogawa S, Ogawa Y, Morio K, Yasunami H, Morita I, Tuzuki A, Akima R, Tokuhiro S, Geshi H, Murata Y. 4014 POSTER Evaluation of Therapeutic Response to a New Radiosensitization Treatment (KORTUC II) for Aged And/or Surgery-refusing Patients With Stage l/lI Breast Cancer by Dynamic MRI. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)71257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
5
|
Ogawa Y, Kubota K, Tadokoro M, Yamanishi T, Hamada N, Kariya S, Nishioka A, Suzuki Y, Aoyama N, Nogami M, Yokota N, Sasaki T, Yaogawa S, Tsuzuki A, Akima R, Suzuki K, Tokuhiro S. 777 poster US-GUIDED & ENZYME-TARGETING RADIOSENSITIZATION TREATMENT (KORTUC II) WITHOUT ANY SURGERY FOR PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER OF STAGES I & II. Radiother Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(11)70899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
6
|
Reitz C, Tokuhiro S, Clark LN, Conrad C, Vonsattel JP, Hazrati LN, Palotás A, Lantigua R, Medrano M, Z Jiménez-Velázquez I, Vardarajan B, Simkin I, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA, Farrer LA, Lee JH, Rogaeva E, George-Hyslop PS, Mayeux R. SORCS1 alters amyloid precursor protein processing and variants may increase Alzheimer's disease risk. Ann Neurol 2011; 69:47-64. [PMID: 21280075 DOI: 10.1002/ana.22308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sorting mechanisms that cause the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the β-secretases and γ-secretases to colocalize in the same compartment play an important role in the regulation of Aβ production in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We and others have reported that genetic variants in the Sortilin-related receptor (SORL1) increased the risk of AD, that SORL1 is involved in trafficking of APP, and that underexpression of SORL1 leads to overproduction of Aβ. Here we explored the role of one of its homologs, the sortilin-related VPS10 domain containing receptor 1 (SORCS1), in AD. METHODS We analyzed the genetic associations between AD and 16 SORCS1-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 6 independent data sets (2,809 cases and 3,482 controls). In addition, we compared SorCS1 expression levels of affected and unaffected brain regions in AD and control brains in microarray gene expression and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) sets, explored the effects of significant SORCS1-SNPs on SorCS1 brain expression levels, and explored the effect of suppression and overexpression of the common SorCS1 isoforms on APP processing and Aβ generation. RESULTS Inherited variants in SORCS1 were associated with AD in all datasets (0.001 < p < 0.049). In addition, SorCS1 influenced APP processing. While overexpression of SorCS1 reduced γ-secretase activity and Aβ levels, the suppression of SorCS1 increased γ-secretase processing of APP and the levels of Aβ. INTERPRETATIONS These data suggest that inherited or acquired changes in SORCS1 expression or function may play a role in the pathogenesis of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Reitz
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Reitz C, Cheng R, Rogaeva E, Lee JH, Tokuhiro S, Zou F, Bettens K, Sleegers K, Tan EK, Kimura R, Shibata N, Arai H, Kamboh MI, Prince JA, Maier W, Riemenschneider M, Owen M, Harold D, Hollingworth P, Cellini E, Sorbi S, Nacmias B, Takeda M, Pericak-Vance MA, Haines JL, Younkin S, Williams J, van Broeckhoven C, Farrer LA, St George-Hyslop PH, Mayeux R. Meta-analysis of the association between variants in SORL1 and Alzheimer disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 68:99-106. [PMID: 21220680 DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2010.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To reexamine the association between the neuronal sortilin-related receptor gene (SORL1) and Alzheimer disease (AD). DESIGN Comprehensive and unbiased meta-analysis of all published and unpublished data from case-control studies for the SORL1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that had been repeatedly assessed across studies. SETTING Academic research institutions in the United States, the Netherlands, Canada, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Japan, Sweden, Germany, France, and Italy. PARTICIPANTS All published white and Asian case-control data sets, which included a total of 12,464 cases and 17,929 controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Alzheimer disease according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) and the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (now known as the Alzheimer's Association). RESULTS In the white data sets, several markers were associated with AD after correction for multiple testing, including previously reported SNPs 8, 9, and 10 (P < .001). In addition, the C-G-C haplotype at SNPs 8 through 10 was associated with AD risk (P < .001). In the combined Asian data sets, SNPs 19 and 23 through 25 were associated with AD risk (P < .001). The disease-associated alleles at SNPs 8, 9, and 10 (120,873,131-120,886,175 base pairs [bp]; C-G-C alleles), at SNP 19 (120,953,300 bp; G allele), and at SNPs 24 through 25 (120,988,611 bp; T and C alleles) were the same previously reported alleles. The SNPs 4 through 5, 8 through 10, 12, and 19 through 25 belong to distinct linkage disequilibrium blocks. The same alleles at SNPs 8 through 10 (C-G-C), 19 (G), and 24 and 25 (T and C) have also been associated with AD endophenotypes, including white matter hyperintensities and hippocampal atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid measures of amyloid β-peptide 42, and full-length SORL1 expression in the human brain. CONCLUSION This comprehensive meta-analysis provides confirmatory evidence that multiple SORL1 variants in distinct linkage disequilibrium blocks are associated with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Reitz
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain and the Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tuzuki A, Ogawa Y, Kubota K, Nishioka A, Akima R, Tokuhiro S, Yaogawa S, Yamada Y, Sasaki T, Geshi H. Evaluation of Changes of Tumor Shadows and Micro-calcifications on Mammography following a New Radiosensitization Treatment (KORTUCII) for Aged Patients with Breast Cancer of Stages I and II. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
9
|
Reitz C, Tokuhiro S, Clark L, Conrad C, Vonsattel JP, Lantigua R, Medrano M, Simkin I, Haines J, Pericak-Vance M, Farrer L, Lee J, Rogaeva E, St.George-Hyslop P, Mayeux R. P4‐031: Sorcs1 Alters APP Processing and Variants may Increase Alzheimer's Disease Risk. Alzheimers Dement 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2010.08.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Medrano
- Universidad Tecnológica deSantiago Santiago Dominican Republic
| | - Irene Simkin
- Boston University School of MedicineBoston MA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Reitz C, Cheng R, Rogaeva E, Lee J, Tokuhiro S, Bettens K, Sleegers K, Tan EK, Kimura R, Shibata N, Kamboh IM, Prince J, Maier W, Riemenschneider M, Owen M, Harold D, Hollingworth P, Cellini E, Pericak-Vance MA, Younkin S, Williams J, Broeckhoven C, Farrer LA, St.George-Hyslop P, Mayeux R. O2‐07‐06: Meta‐analysis of the association between SORL1 variants and Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2010.05.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public HealthBoston MA USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Robertson J, Bilbao J, Zinman L, Hazrati LN, Tokuhiro S, Sato C, Moreno D, Strome R, Mackenzie IR, Rogaeva E. A novel double mutation in FUS gene causing sporadic ALS. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 32:553.e27-30. [PMID: 20561714 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that mutations in the Fused in Sarcoma gene (FUS) could explain up to 5% of cases with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our mutation analysis of FUS in a Canadian ALS patient of Chinese origin revealed an unusual novel heterozygous double point mutation (R514S/E516V) confirming that exon 15 is a mutation hot-spot. The substitutions are in cis position to each other and affect highly conserved codons in the RGG-rich region of the FUS protein. The absence of clinical signs of ALS in the relatives of the affected carrier could indicate that this mutation is incompletely penetrant or de novo. The pathologic significance of the R514S/E516V mutation was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. FUS-positive cytoplasmic inclusions were noted in a moderate number in neurons and abundantly in glial cells in the motor cortex and the brainstem. Of interest, a significant number of neuronal and glial FUS-positive inclusions were found in the tegmentum of the brainstem. Importantly, some neurons with inclusions showed retention of the normal nuclear FUS immunostaining.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Robertson
- University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kubo M, Kawachi T, Murakami M, Kubo M, Tokuhiro S, Agatsuma T, Ito K, Okano T, Asano M, Fukushi H, Nagataki M, Sakai H, Yanai T. Meningoencephalitis associated with Sarcocystis spp. in a free-living Japanese raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus). J Comp Pathol 2010; 143:185-9. [PMID: 20163802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2009] [Revised: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A free-living, young adult, male Japanese raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) was rescued in Gifu, Japan in March 2009. The animal was weak and emaciated with neurological signs that included head tilt, tremor and tic. The brain showed no gross abnormality at necropsy, but microscopically there was severe meningoencephalitis associated with protozoa, which were morphologically consistent with the asexual developmental stage of Sarcocystis spp. The protozoa were immunohistochemically negative for Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum, but reacted weakly with antiserum specific for Sarcocystis cruzi. Analysis of the partial 18S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the protozoa were most closely related to an unidentified Sarcocystis species that was isolated from the white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kubo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Akima R, Ogawa Y, Tsuzuki K, Tokuhiro S, Ue H, Kariya S, Nishioka A, Inomata T, Masunaga S, Ono K. 2030 Experimental study of a new enzyme-targeting radiosensitizer containing hydrogen peroxide & sodium hyaluronate for intra-tumoral injection using mice transplanted with SCCVII tumor. EJC Suppl 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(09)70546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
14
|
Reitz C, Lee J, Cheng R, Rogaeva E, Tokuhiro S, Clark L, St. George‐Hyslop P, Mayeux R. P4‐126: The sortilin‐related receptor (SORL1) influences variation in memory in late‐onset Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2009.04.794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
15
|
Takagi-Sato M, Tokuhiro S, Kawaida R, Koizumi M. Fine-tuning of ENA gapmers as antisense oligonucleotides for sequence-specific inhibition. Oligonucleotides 2007; 17:291-301. [PMID: 17854269 DOI: 10.1089/oli.2007.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
For gene validation and the development of oligonucleotide agents, 2'-O,4'-C-ethylene-bridged nucleic acid (ENA) antisense gapmers are widely available. An in vitro Escherichia coli RNase H reaction analysis using ENA gapmers and an RNA oligonucleotide with mouse peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) gene sequences revealed that the RNA oligonucleotide was specifically cleaved in the only reported case of the use of an ENA gapmer with an antisense sequence. On the other hand, duplexes of the full-length transcripts of PADI4 mRNA and ENA gapmers with a wide DNA window were cleaved not only at the target site, but also at nontarget sites by RNase H derived from partial base-pairing between the transcript and the ENA gapmer. When the DNA window region of the ENA gapmer was shortened to 5 or 6 nucleotides, the nontarget cleavage was effectively diminished. Moreover, the specific inhibition of PADI4 mRNA expression was observed in the cotransfection of PADI4 cDNA and ENA gapmers containing a short DNA region into NIH3T3 cells. These results demonstrated that ENA gapmers with a short DNA region improved the sequence-specificity of mRNA downregulation. These optimized ENA gapmers could reduce the "off-target" effect and be applicable to gene validation and oligonucleotide therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miho Takagi-Sato
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Takagi-Sato M, Tokuhiro S, Kawaida R, Koizumi M. Design of ENA gapmers as fine-tuning antisense oligonucleotides with sequence-specific inhibitory activity on mouse PADI4 mRNA expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007:319-20. [PMID: 17150946 DOI: 10.1093/nass/nrl159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the function of the mouse peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) gene, gapmer-designed ENA antisense oligonucleotides were utilized. Antisense ENA gapmers were found to inhibit the mRNA expression of the PADI4 gene, but ENA gapmers with sense sequences as controls only partially inhibited this mRNA expression. An in vitro E. coli RNase H reaction analysis using transcripts of the PADI4 gene and their ENA gapmers revealed that the mixtures of the transcripts and ENA gapmers with sense sequences were cleaved at non-target sites by RNase H derived from partial base-pairing between the transcript and the ENA gapmer. In an in vitro E. coli RNase H reaction analysis, when the DNA region of the ENA gapmer was shortened to 5 or 6 nucleotides, the non-target cleavage disappeared and the specific inhibition of PADI4 mRNA expression was observed. These results demonstrated that ENA gapmers with a short DNA region improved the sequence-specificity of mRNA down-regulation. As well, they suggest that we should be alert to the utility of antisense oligonucleotides with a wide DNA region in terms of sequence specificity, and additionally, that optimized ENA gapmers could be useful for application to gene validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miho Takagi-Sato
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kochi Y, Yamada R, Suzuki A, Harley JB, Shirasawa S, Sawada T, Bae SC, Tokuhiro S, Chang X, Sekine A, Takahashi A, Tsunoda T, Ohnishi Y, Kaufman KM, Kang CP, Kang C, Otsubo S, Yumura W, Mimori A, Koike T, Nakamura Y, Sasazuki T, Yamamoto K. A functional variant in FCRL3, encoding Fc receptor-like 3, is associated with rheumatoid arthritis and several autoimmunities. Nat Genet 2005; 37:478-85. [PMID: 15838509 PMCID: PMC1362949 DOI: 10.1038/ng1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2004] [Accepted: 02/25/2005] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a common autoimmune disease with a complex genetic etiology. Here we identify a SNP in the promoter region of FCRL3, a member of the Fc receptor-like family, that is associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (odds ratio = 2.15, P = 0.00000085). This polymorphism alters the binding affinity of nuclear factor-kappaB and regulates FCRL3 expression. We observed high FCRL3 expression on B cells and augmented autoantibody production in individuals with the disease-susceptible genotype. We also found associations between the SNP and susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. FCRL3 may therefore have a pivotal role in autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kochi
- Laboratories for Rheumatic Diseases, SNP Research Center, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamada
- Laboratories for Rheumatic Diseases, SNP Research Center, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Correspondence to: R.Y. (
)
| | - Akari Suzuki
- Laboratories for Rheumatic Diseases, SNP Research Center, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - John B. Harley
- University of Oklahoma; US Department of Veterans Affairs; and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Senji Shirasawa
- International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Sawada
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sang-Cheol Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-792, Republic of Korea.Laboratories for
| | - Shinya Tokuhiro
- Laboratories for Rheumatic Diseases, SNP Research Center, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Xiaotian Chang
- Laboratories for Rheumatic Diseases, SNP Research Center, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yozo Ohnishi
- SNP Analysis, SNP Research Center, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kenneth M. Kaufman
- University of Oklahoma; US Department of Veterans Affairs; and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Changsoo Paul Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Changwon Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Shigeru Otsubo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Wako Yumura
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Akio Mimori
- International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Takao Koike
- Department of Medicine II, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Research Group for Personalized Medicine, SNP Research Center, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Laboratories for Rheumatic Diseases, SNP Research Center, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kawaida R, Yamada R, Kobayashi K, Tokuhiro S, Suzuki A, Kochi Y, Chang X, Sekine A, Tsunoda T, Sawada T, Furukawa H, Nakamura Y, Yamamoto K. CUL1, a component of E3 ubiquitin ligase, alters lymphocyte signal transduction with possible effect on rheumatoid arthritis. Genes Immun 2005; 6:194-202. [PMID: 15759013 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination affects various immune processes and E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3) play an important role in determining substrate specificity. We identified 11 human E3 ligase genes of potential importance in pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by search of public databases and screened them for candidacy of biological investigation with case-control linkage disequilibrium tests on multiple SNPs in the genes using rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as a model of autoimmune diseases. Significant association with RA was observed in an SNP in intron 3 of Cullin 1 (CUL1) that affected transcriptional efficiency of the promoter activity in lymphocytic cell lines. Quantitative expression analysis revealed that CUL1 mRNA was highly detected in lymphoid tissues including spleen and tonsil, and was specifically expressed in T and B lymphocytes in fractionated peripheral leukocytes. Histological evaluation of tonsils indicated that CUL1 protein expression was relatively specific for maturing germinal centers. Suppression of CUL1 expression had influence on the phenotype of T-cell line, that is, it inhibited IL-8 induction, which is known to play an important role in the migration of inflammatory cells into the affected area seen in RA. Our data suggest that the regulation of CUL1 expression in immunological tissues may affect the susceptibility of RA via altering lymphocyte signal transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kawaida
- SNP Research Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chang X, Yamada R, Suzuki A, Sawada T, Yoshino S, Tokuhiro S, Yamamoto K. Localization of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) and citrullinated protein in synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2004; 44:40-50. [PMID: 15466895 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keh414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADIs) convert peptidylarginine into citrulline via post-translational modification. Anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies are highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our genome-wide case-control study of single-nucleotide polymorphisms found that the PADI4 gene polymorphism is closely associated with RA. Here, we localized the expression of PADI4 and the citrullinated protein product in synovial RA tissue. METHODS We used immunohistochemistry, double immunofluorescent labelling and western blotting. RESULTS We found that PADI4 is extensively expressed in T cells, B cells, macrophages, neutrophils, fibroblast-like cells and endothelial cells in the lining and sublining areas of the RA synovium. We also found extracellular and intracellular expression of PADI4 in fibrin deposits with loose tissue structures where apoptosis was widespread. Unlike PADI4, citrullinated protein generally appeared in fibrin deposits that were abundant in the RA synovium. The citrullinated fibrin aggregate was immunoreactive against immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgM, but not IgG and IgE. Although a little PADI4 was expressed in osteoarthritic and normal synovial tissues, significant citrullination was undetectable. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that PADI4 is mainly distributed in cells of various haematopoietic lineages and expressed at high levels in the inflamed RA synovium. The co-localization of PADI4, citrullinated protein and apoptotic cells in fibrin deposits suggests that PADI4 is responsible for fibrin citrullination and is involved in apoptosis. The immunoreactivity of citrullinated fibrin with IgA and IgM in the RA synovium supports the notion that citrullinated fibrin is a potential antigen of RA autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Chang
- Laboratory for Rheumatic Diseases, SNP Research Center, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yamada R, Tokuhiro S, Chang X, Yamamoto K. SLC22A4 and RUNX1: identification of RA susceptible genes. J Mol Med (Berl) 2004; 82:558-64. [PMID: 15184985 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-004-0547-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2004] [Accepted: 03/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently we reported that SLC22A4 and RUNX1 are associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). SLC22A4 is an organic cation transporter with unknown physiological function, and RUNX1 is a hematological transcriptional regulator that has been shown to be responsible for acute myelogenic leukemia. It is suggested that the association of RUNX1 with RA is due to its regulation of expression of SLC22A4. Because the physiological function of SLC22A4 is still unclear, further investigation is needed into how SLC22A4 affects RA susceptibility. Although the association of RUNX1 with RA was identified as a regulatory factor of SLC22A4, it is possible that RUNX1 is a key molecule in autoimmunity, as it has been reported to be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis, two other autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/physiology
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/epidemiology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Asian People/genetics
- Autoimmune Diseases/epidemiology
- Autoimmune Diseases/genetics
- Case-Control Studies
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit
- DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Japan/epidemiology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/epidemiology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics
- Membrane Transport Proteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Transport Proteins/physiology
- Mice
- Models, Genetic
- Multifactorial Inheritance
- Organic Cation Transport Proteins
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Binding
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/biosynthesis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/physiology
- Psoriasis/epidemiology
- Psoriasis/genetics
- Symporters
- Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yamada
- Laboratory for Rheumatic Diseases, SNP Research Center, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, 230-0045, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tokuhiro S, Yamada R, Chang X, Suzuki A, Kochi Y, Sawada T, Suzuki M, Nagasaki M, Ohtsuki M, Ono M, Furukawa H, Nagashima M, Yoshino S, Mabuchi A, Sekine A, Saito S, Takahashi A, Tsunoda T, Nakamura Y, Yamamoto K. An intronic SNP in a RUNX1 binding site of SLC22A4, encoding an organic cation transporter, is associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Genet 2003; 35:341-8. [PMID: 14608356 DOI: 10.1038/ng1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2003] [Accepted: 10/22/2003] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a common inflammatory disease with complex genetic components. We investigated the genetic contribution of the cytokine gene cluster in chromosome 5q31 to susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in the Japanese population by case-control linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Here we report that there is significant association between rheumatoid arthritis and the organic cation transporter gene SLC22A4 (P = 0.000034). We show that expression of SLC22A4 is specific to hematological and immunological tissues and that SLC22A4 is also highly expressed in the inflammatory joints of mice with collagen-induced arthritis. A SNP affects the transcriptional efficiency of SLC22A4 in vitro, owing to an allelic difference in affinity to Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), a transcriptional regulator in the hematopoietic system. A SNP in RUNX1 is also strongly associated with rheumatoid arthritis (P = 0.00035). Our data indicate that the regulation of SLC22A4 expression by RUNX1 is associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis, which may represent an example of an epistatic effect of two genes on this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Tokuhiro
- Laboratory for Rheumatic Diseases, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Suzuki A, Yamada R, Chang X, Tokuhiro S, Sawada T, Suzuki M, Nagasaki M, Nakayama-Hamada M, Kawaida R, Ono M, Ohtsuki M, Furukawa H, Yoshino S, Yukioka M, Tohma S, Matsubara T, Wakitani S, Teshima R, Nishioka Y, Sekine A, Iida A, Takahashi A, Tsunoda T, Nakamura Y, Yamamoto K. Functional haplotypes of PADI4, encoding citrullinating enzyme peptidylarginine deiminase 4, are associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Genet 2003; 34:395-402. [PMID: 12833157 DOI: 10.1038/ng1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 786] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2003] [Accepted: 06/02/2003] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with rheumatoid arthritis frequently have autoantibodies to citrullinated peptides, suggesting the involvement of the peptidylarginine deiminases citrullinating enzymes (encoded by PADI genes) in rheumatoid arthritis. Previous linkage studies have shown that a susceptibility locus for rheumatoid arthritis includes four PADI genes but did not establish which PADI gene confers susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. We used a case-control linkage disequilibrium study to show that PADI type 4 is a susceptibility locus for rheumatoid arthritis (P = 0.000008). PADI4 was expressed in hematological and rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissues. We also identified a haplotype of PADI4 associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis that affected stability of transcripts and was associated with levels of antibody to citrullinated peptide in sera from individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. Our results imply that the PADI4 haplotype associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis increases production of citrullinated peptides acting as autoantigens, resulting in heightened risk of developing the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akari Suzuki
- Laboratory for Rheumatic Diseases, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 1-7-22, Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
beta-Amyloid peptide (A beta), a major component of senile plaques, the formation of which is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is believed to induce inflammation of the brain mediated by microglia, leading to neuronal cell loss. In this study, we performed an oligonucleotide microarray analysis to investigate the molecular events underlying the A beta-induced activation of macrophages and its specific suppression by the A beta-specific-macrophage-activation inhibitor, RS-1178. Of the approximately 36,000 genes and expressed sequence tags analyzed, eight genes were specifically and significantly upregulated by a treatment with interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and A beta compared to a treatment with IFN gamma alone (p<0.002). We found that the gene for a well-characterized lipogenetic enzyme, stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase-1 (SCD-1), was specifically upregulated by A beta treatment and was suppressed to basal levels by RS-1178. Although the underlying mechanisms remain unknown, our results suggest the presence of a link between AD and SCD-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeko Uryu
- Lead Discovery Research Laboratories, Sankyo, 2-58, Hiromachi 1-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Uryu S, Tokuhiro S, Murasugi T, Oda T. A novel compound, RS-1178, specifically inhibits neuronal cell death mediated by beta-amyloid-induced macrophage activation in vitro. Brain Res 2002; 946:298-306. [PMID: 12137934 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02898-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
beta-Amyloid peptide (Abeta), a major component of senile plaques, the formation of which is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is believed to induce inflammation in the brain leading to cell loss and cognitive decline. Accumulating evidence shows Abeta activates microglia, which play the role of the brain's immune system, and mediates inflammatory responses in the brain. Thus, a compound inhibiting Abeta-induced activation of microglia may lead to a novel therapy for AD. However, the compound should not inhibit natural immune responses during events such as bacterial infections. We investigated the effect of a synthesized compound, 7,8-dihydro-5-methyl-8-(1-phenylethyl)-6H-pyrrolo [3,2-e] [1,2,4] triazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidine (RS-1178) on macrophage activation induced by various stimulants. The activation of macrophages was determined by nitric oxide or tumor necrosis factor alpha production. RS-1178 inhibited Abeta-induced macrophage activation but did not inhibit zymosan A- nor lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage activation. Moreover, RS-1178 attenuated neurotoxicity due to Abeta-induced macrophage activation in neuron-macrophage co-cultures but not neurotoxicity due to zymosan A- or LPS-induced macrophage activation. In conclusion, RS-1178 showed a specific inhibitory effect on Abeta-induced macrophage activation. Although the exact mechanisms of this effect remain unknown, RS-1178 may provide a novel therapy for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeko Uryu
- Neuroscience and Immunology Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co. Ltd., 2-58, Hiromachi 1-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang GH, Mitsui K, Kotliarova S, Yamashita A, Nagao Y, Tokuhiro S, Iwatsubo T, Kanazawa I, Nukina N. Caspase activation during apoptotic cell death induced by expanded polyglutamine in N2a cells. Neuroreport 1999; 10:2435-8. [PMID: 10574348 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-199908200-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder. To investigate the mechanism of neurodegeneration induced by mutant huntingtin, we developed a stable neuro2a cell line expressing truncated N-terminal huntingtin (tNhtt) with EGFP using the ecdysone-inducible system. The formation of aggregates and the cell death induced by expression of tNhtt with expanded polyglutamine was repeat length- and dose-dependent. Caspases were activated, and the death substrates of caspases, lamin B and ICAD (an inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase), were cleaved in this cell death process. The cleavage of lamin B was inhibited by caspase inhibitors. These findings suggest that the cell death induced by tNhtt with expanded polyglutamine is mediated by caspases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G H Wang
- Laboratory for CAG repeat diseases, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tomita T, Tokuhiro S, Hashimoto T, Aiba K, Saido TC, Maruyama K, Iwatsubo T. Molecular dissection of domains in mutant presenilin 2 that mediate overproduction of amyloidogenic forms of amyloid beta peptides. Inability of truncated forms of PS2 with familial Alzheimer's disease mutation to increase secretion of Abeta42. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:21153-60. [PMID: 9694871 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.33.21153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in presenilin (PS) 1 or PS2 genes account for the majority of early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease, and these mutations have been shown to increase production of species of amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) ending at residue 42, i.e. the most amyloidogenic form of Abeta. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms whereby mutant PS induces overproduction of Abeta42, we constructed cDNAs encoding mutant and/or truncated forms of PS2 and examined the secretion of Abeta42 from COS or neuro2a cells transfected with these genes. Cells expressing full-length PS2 harboring both N141I and M239V mutations in the same polypeptide induced overproduction of Abeta42, although the levels of Abeta42 were comparable with those in cells engineered to express PS2 with one or the other of these PS2 mutations. In contrast, cells engineered to express partially truncated PS2 (eliminating the COOH-terminal third of PS2 while retaining the endoproteolytic NH2-terminal fragment) and harboring a N141I mutation, as well as cells expressing COOH-terminal fragments of PS2, did not overproduce Abeta42, and the levels of Abeta42 were comparable with those in cells that expressed full-length, wild-type PS2 or fragments thereof. These data indicate that: (i) the Abeta42-promoting effects of mutant PS2 proteins reach the maximum level with a given single amino acid substitution (i.e. N141I or M239V); and (ii) the expression of full-length mutant PS2 is required for the overproduction of Abeta42. Hence, cooperative interactions of NH2- and COOH-terminal fragments generated from full-length mutant PS2 may be important for the overproduction of Abeta42 that may underlie familial Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Tomita
- Department of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tokuhiro S, Tomita T, Iwata H, Kosaka T, Saido TC, Maruyama K, Iwatsubo T. The presenilin 1 mutation (M146V) linked to familial Alzheimer's disease attenuates the neuronal differentiation of NTera 2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 244:751-5. [PMID: 9535737 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in presenilin 1 (PS1) gene are the major cause of early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease. The biological functions of PS1 remain elusive, although accumulating evidence suggests that PS1 may play an important role in development and differentiation. To learn about the significance of PS1 in the differentiation of neuronal cells, we established NTera 2 (NT2) cell lines stably expressing wild-type (wt) or M146V mutant human PS1, and compared the differentiation of both types of cell lines into postmitotic neurons upon retinoic acid (RA) treatment. After 25 days of RA treatment, a significant proportion of cells differentiated into neurons in NT2 cells expressing wt PS1 (27.7% of total cells), which was comparable to that in untransfected cells, whereas very few cells differentiated into neurons in NT2 cells expressing M146V mutant PS1 (2.6% of total cells). These results suggest that mutant PS1 attenuates the potentials of NT2 cells to differentiate into neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Tokuhiro
- Department of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tomita T, Maruyama K, Saido TC, Kume H, Shinozaki K, Tokuhiro S, Capell A, Walter J, Grünberg J, Haass C, Iwatsubo T, Obata K. The presenilin 2 mutation (N141I) linked to familial Alzheimer disease (Volga German families) increases the secretion of amyloid beta protein ending at the 42nd (or 43rd) residue. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:2025-30. [PMID: 9050898 PMCID: PMC20036 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.5.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To gain insights into the significance of presenilins (PS) in the pathogenetic mechanisms of early-onset familial Alzheimer disease (FAD), we expressed cDNAs for wild-type PS2 and PS2 with the Volga German (N141I) mutation in cultured cells and then examined the metabolism of the transfected proteins and their effect on the C-terminal properties of secreted amyloid beta protein (A beta). PS2 was identified as a 50- to 55-kDa protein, which was cleaved to produce N-terminal fragments of 35-40 kDa and C-terminal fragments of 19-23 kDa. The Volga German (N141I) mutation did not cause any significant change in the metabolism of PS2. COS-1 cells doubly transfected with cDNAs for N141I mutant PS2 and human beta-amyloid precursor protein (betaAPP) or a C-terminal fragment thereof, as well as mouse Neuro2a neuroblastoma cells stably transfected with N141I mutant PS2 alone, secreted 1.5- to 10-fold more A beta ending at residues 42 (or 43) [A beta42(43)] compared with those expressing the wild-type PS2. These results strongly suggest that the PS2 mutation (N141I) linked to FAD alters the metabolism of A beta/betaAPP to foster the production of the form of A beta that most readily deposits in amyloid plaques. Thus, mutant PS2 may lead to AD by altering the metabolism of A beta/betaAPP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Tomita
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tomita T, Maruyama K, Saido T, Hosoda R, Tokuhiro S, Kume H, Kuzume H, Asada H, Kawamura Y, Iwatsubo T, Obata K. 59 Characterization of presenilins overexpressed in culture cells. Neurobiol Aging 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(96)80061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
31
|
Morimoto Y, Tanaka K, Iwakiri Y, Tokuhiro S, Fukushima S, Takeuchi Y. Protective effects of some neutral amino acids against hypotonic hemolysis. Biol Pharm Bull 1995; 18:1417-22. [PMID: 8593448 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.18.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The protective effects of some neutral amino acids against hypotonic hemolysis were examined at various pHs. At pH 5.0, 7.0 and 8.0, 50% hemolysis was induced at 200, 160 and 140 mOsM, respectively, suggesting that erythrocyte membranes became more fragile to osmotic shock with decreasing pH. All amino acids tested reduced the hypotonic hemolysis at pH 5.0, but enhanced it at pH 8.0. It is therefore likely that these amino acids controlled the osmotic fragility of the cell membranes. At pH 7.0, glycine (Gly) reduced hypotonic hemolysis with increasing concentration. Phenylalanine (Phe) also reduced hypotonic hemolysis at low concentrations, but had an incrementally opposite effect at high concentrations. It was suggested that Phe interacted with erythrocyte membranes in a similar way to amphipathic drugs. Kinetic studies demonstrated that hypotonic hemolysis occurred immediately, according to osmotic shock, and that Gly and a low concentration of Phe decreased osmotic shock. Phe at a high concentration showed fast hemolysis with a short lag-time. Gly also showed fast hemolysis after the suppression of hypotonic hemolysis. Morphological observations demonstrated that these amino acids induced exvagination, exovesiculation and then invagination. It was suggested that with exvagination, the membrane expansion decreased the osmotic fragility, but the further shape change evoked membrane hole-formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Morimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe-Gakuin University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Matsuyama T, Suzuki T, Yoshida Y, Mori M, Tokuhiro S, Katayama N, Gotoh T, Miyatake Y, Yoda Y. [Synovial osteochondromatosis of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe]. Gan No Rinsho 1986; 32:1051-5. [PMID: 3747157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Synovial osteochondromatosis is an uncommon lesion in the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe. The condition is usually monoarticular, involving a large joint. Common locations include the knee, elbow, shoulder, hip and ankle. The histopathology is one of apparent cartilaginous bodies. Since these cartilage cells often display nuclear atypism, an accurate diagnosis is essential to avoid the erroneous diagnosis of chondrosarcoma. A case of synovial osteochondromatosis as it occurs in the metatarsophalangeal joint is presented, and this condition is discussed with a review of the literature.
Collapse
|