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Szabó B, Korányi D, Gallé R, Lövei GL, Bakonyi G, Batáry P. Urbanization decreases species richness, and increases abundance in dry climates whereas decreases in wet climates: A global meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160145. [PMID: 36395843 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil invertebrates have an essential role in decomposition, nutrient turnover and soil structure formation, all of which are strongly threatened by urbanization. Sealing, compaction by trampling and pollution destroy and degrade city soils and potentially damage soil-living invertebrates. The existing literature on how urbanization affects soil invertebrates is inconsistent, presenting both negative and positive effects. Therefore, here we aimed to synthesize the effects of urbanization on soil invertebrates considering their taxonomic (Acari, Annelida, Carabidae, Collembola, Gastropoda, Isopoda, Myriapoda, Nematoda) and functional (soil living vs. soil-related; mobility) identities, as well as to examine how the overall effect is modulated by climatic conditions (total annual precipitation, annual mean ambient temperature), urban heat island effect (based on ambient temperature differences between urban and rural areas) and city population. In a systematic review using hierarchical and categorical meta-analyses, we extracted 158 effect sizes from 75 studies on abundance and 125 effect sizes from 84 studies on species richness. Invertebrate abundance showed an increase (r = 0.085), whereas species richness significantly decreased with increasing urbanization (r = -0.168). The reason behind this could be that a few generalist species can adapt well to the urban environment and achieve strongly elevated densities. The species richness of annelids (r = -0.301), springtails (r = -0.579), and snails (r = -0.233) decreased with advancing urbanization, most probably because these animals are sensitive to soil compaction and pollution, both of which are common consequences of urbanization. The temperature did not modify the effects of urbanization, but precipitation modified the effects on abundance (r = -0.457). Abundance increased with advancing urbanization in drier climates, probably because irrigation increased soil moisture, whereas it decreased in wet climates, as urban areas were drier than their surroundings. Making future cities more climate-neutral could better sustain soil biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borbála Szabó
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, 'Lendület' Landscape and Conservation Ecology, Alkotmány u. 2-4, H-2163 Vácrátót, Hungary.
| | - Dávid Korányi
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, 'Lendület' Landscape and Conservation Ecology, Alkotmány u. 2-4, H-2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Róbert Gallé
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, 'Lendület' Landscape and Conservation Ecology, Alkotmány u. 2-4, H-2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Gábor L Lövei
- Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg Research Centre, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark; ELHK-DE Anthropocene Ecology Research Group, Egyetem sq. 1., H-4030 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Bakonyi
- Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Department of Zoology and Ecology, Páter K. u. 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Péter Batáry
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, 'Lendület' Landscape and Conservation Ecology, Alkotmány u. 2-4, H-2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
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Mehring M, Mehlhaus N, Ott E, Hummel D. A systematic review of biodiversity and demographic change: A misinterpreted relationship? AMBIO 2020; 49:1297-1312. [PMID: 31760632 PMCID: PMC7190604 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01276-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Demographic change is supposed to be the most important indirect driver for changing biodiversity. In this article, a systematic review of 148 studies was conducted to examine the scientific evidence for this relationship and to identify potential gaps in research. We explored the spatial distribution of studies, the categories addressed with respect to biodiversity and demographic change, and the ways in which their relationships were conceptualised (spatially and temporally) and valued. The majority of studies were carried out in Africa, Europe and North America. Our analysis confirms the trend that demographic phenomena were mostly found to negatively influence biodiversity. However, a considerable number of studies also point towards impacts that were context dependent, either positive or negative under certain circumstances. In addition to that we identified significant gaps in research. In particular, there is a lack of addressing (1) other demographic aspects such as population decline, age structure or gender differences, (2) spatial variability of, e.g. human population growth, (3) long-term effects of demographic processes, and (4) the context dependency (e.g. regulations/law enforcement, type of human activities, and choice of scale or proxy). We conclude there is evidence that the relationship between biodiversity and demographic change is much more complex than expected and so far represented in research. Thus, we call for a social-ecological biodiversity research that particularly focusses on the functional relation between biodiversity and human activities, namely the different types, context, and interdependent dynamics (spatial and temporal) of this complex relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mehring
- ISOE – Institute for Social-Ecological Research, Biodiversity and People, Hamburger Allee 45, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre SBiK-F, Ecosystem Services and Climate, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicolai Mehlhaus
- ISOE – Institute for Social-Ecological Research, Biodiversity and People, Hamburger Allee 45, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre SBiK-F, Ecosystem Services and Climate, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Edward Ott
- “Governance von Ökosystemleistungen”, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
- ISOE – Institute for Social-Ecological Research, Biodiversity and People, Hamburger Allee 45, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre SBiK-F, Ecosystem Services and Climate, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Diana Hummel
- ISOE – Institute for Social-Ecological Research, Biodiversity and People, Hamburger Allee 45, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre SBiK-F, Ecosystem Services and Climate, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Marta S, Brunetti M, Ficetola GF, Stoch F, Amori G, Cesaroni D, Sbordoni V, Provenzale A. ClimCKmap, a spatially, temporally and climatically explicit distribution database for the Italian fauna. Sci Data 2019; 6:195. [PMID: 31594943 PMCID: PMC6783616 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and counteracting biodiversity losses requires quantitative knowledge on species distribution and abundance across space and time, as well as integrated and interoperable information on climate conditions and climatic changes. In this paper we developed a new biodiversity-climate database for Italy, ClimCKmap, based on the critical analysis, quality estimation and subsequent integration of the CKmap database with several high-resolution climate datasets. The original database was quality-checked for errors in toponym, species name and dating; the retained records were georeferenced and their distribution polygonised via Voronoi tessellation. We then integrated the species distribution information with several high-resolution climatic datasets: average monthly minimum and maximum temperature and total monthly precipitation were reconstructed for each Voronoi cell and year. The resulting database contains 268,977 occurrence records from 8,445 binomials and 16,332 localities, dating between 1680 and 2006 CE. This dataset, fully available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7906739.v4 and http://hdl.handle.net/21.11125/a91f85cb-befd-4e14-8e83-24f17c4a0491 , represents the largest, fully quality-checked, spatially, temporally and climatically explicit distribution database ever assembled for the Italian fauna, now ready for scientific exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Marta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
- Institute of Ecosystem Studies, ISE-CNR c/o Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Michele Brunetti
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gentile Francesco Ficetola
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Stoch
- Evolutionary Biology & Ecology - C.P. 160/12, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Amori
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, IRET-CNR, Viale dell'Università 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Cesaroni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Sbordoni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Provenzale
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, IGG-CNR, National Research Council, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Real R, Barbosa AM, Bull JW. Species Distributions, Quantum Theory, and the Enhancement of Biodiversity Measures. Syst Biol 2018; 66:453-462. [PMID: 27616323 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syw072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Species distributions are typically represented by records of their observed occurrence at a given spatial and temporal scale. Such records are inevitably incomplete and contingent on the spatial-temporal circumstances under which the observations were made. Moreover, organisms may respond differently to similar environmental conditions at different places or moments, so their distribution is, in principle, not completely predictable. We argue that this uncertainty exists, and warrants considering species distributions as analogous to coherent quantum objects, whose distributions are better described by a wavefunction rather than by a set of locations. We use this to extend the existing concept of "dark diversity", which incorporates into biodiversity metrics those species that could, but which have not yet been observed to, inhabit a region-thereby developing the idea of "potential biodiversity". We show how conceptualizing species' distributions in this way could help overcome important weaknesses in current biodiversity metrics, both in theory and by using a worked case study of mammal distributions in Spain over the last decade. We propose that considerable theoretical advances could eventually be gained through interdisciplinary collaboration between biogeographers and quantum physicists. [Biogeography; favorability; physics; predictability; probability; species occurrence; uncertainty; wavefunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimundo Real
- Biogeography, Diversity and Conservation Lab, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Joseph W Bull
- Department of Food and Resource Economics and Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mecenero S, Altwegg R, Colville JF, Beale CM. Roles of Spatial Scale and Rarity on the Relationship between Butterfly Species Richness and Human Density in South Africa. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124327. [PMID: 25915899 PMCID: PMC4411036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wildlife and humans tend to prefer the same productive environments, yet high human densities often lead to reduced biodiversity. Species richness is often positively correlated with human population density at broad scales, but this correlation could also be caused by unequal sampling effort leading to higher species tallies in areas of dense human activity. We examined the relationships between butterfly species richness and human population density at five spatial resolutions ranging from 2' to 60' across South Africa. We used atlas-type data and spatial interpolation techniques aimed at reducing the effect of unequal spatial sampling. Our results confirm the general positive correlation between total species richness and human population density. Contrary to our expectations, the strength of this positive correlation did not weaken at finer spatial resolutions. The patterns observed using total species richness were driven mostly by common species. The richness of threatened and restricted range species was not correlated to human population density. None of the correlations we examined were particularly strong, with much unexplained variance remaining, suggesting that the overlap between butterflies and humans is not strong compared to other factors not accounted for in our analyses. Special consideration needs to be made regarding conservation goals and variables used when investigating the overlap between species and humans for biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mecenero
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont, South Africa
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Belville, South Africa
| | - Res Altwegg
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont, South Africa
- Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Jonathan F. Colville
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont, South Africa
- Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Colin M. Beale
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
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Rodrigues P, Figueira R, Vaz Pinto P, Araújo MB, Beja P. A biogeographical regionalization of Angolan mammals. Mamm Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Rodrigues
- Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical; R. da Junqueira, 86 - 1° 1300-344 Lisboa Portugal
- CIBIO/InBio - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; Universidade do Porto; Campus Agrário de Vairão 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
| | - Rui Figueira
- Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical; R. da Junqueira, 86 - 1° 1300-344 Lisboa Portugal
- CIBIO/InBio - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; Universidade do Porto; Campus Agrário de Vairão 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
| | - Pedro Vaz Pinto
- CIBIO/InBio - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; Universidade do Porto; Campus Agrário de Vairão 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia; Faculdade de Ciências; Universidade do Porto; Rua do Campo Alegre s/n 4169-007 Porto Portugal
- ISCED - Instituto Superior de Ciências da Educação da Huíla; Rua Sarmento Rodrigues Lubango Angola
- The Kissama Foundation; Rua Joaquim Capango n°49, 1°D Luanda Angola
| | - Miguel B. Araújo
- Departmento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global; Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales; CSIC; Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2 28006 Madrid Spain
- CIBIO/InBio; Universidade de Évora; Largo dos Colegiais 7000 Évora Portugal
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate; Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 15 DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Pedro Beja
- CIBIO/InBio - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; Universidade do Porto; Campus Agrário de Vairão 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia; Faculdade de Ciências; Universidade do Porto; Rua do Campo Alegre s/n 4169-007 Porto Portugal
- ISCED - Instituto Superior de Ciências da Educação da Huíla; Rua Sarmento Rodrigues Lubango Angola
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Malekzadeh-Viayeh R, Pak-Tarmani R, Rostamkhani N, Fontaneto D. Diversity of the rotiferBrachionus plicatilisspecies complex (Rotifera: Monogononta) in Iran through integrative taxonomy. Zool J Linn Soc 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nasim Rostamkhani
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Sciences; Urmia University; Urmia Iran
| | - Diego Fontaneto
- National Research Council; Institute of Ecosystem Study; I-28922 Verbania Pallanza Italy
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Barbosa AM, Pautasso M, Figueiredo D. Species-people correlations and the need to account for survey effort in biodiversity analyses. DIVERS DISTRIB 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Pautasso
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE); CNRS; Montpellier; 34293; France
| | - Diogo Figueiredo
- Cátedra ‘Rui Nabeiro/Delta Cafés’ - Biodiversidade; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO); Universidade de Évora; Évora; 7004-516; Portugal
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Influence of human population size and the built environment on avian assemblages in urban green spaces. Urban Ecosyst 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-012-0282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Curini-Galletti M, Artois T, Delogu V, De Smet WH, Fontaneto D, Jondelius U, Leasi F, Martínez A, Meyer-Wachsmuth I, Nilsson KS, Tongiorgi P, Worsaae K, Todaro MA. Patterns of diversity in soft-bodied meiofauna: dispersal ability and body size matter. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33801. [PMID: 22457790 PMCID: PMC3311549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biogeographical and macroecological principles are derived from patterns of distribution in large organisms, whereas microscopic ones have often been considered uninteresting, because of their supposed wide distribution. Here, after reporting the results of an intensive faunistic survey of marine microscopic animals (meiofauna) in Northern Sardinia, we test for the effect of body size, dispersal ability, and habitat features on the patterns of distribution of several groups. Methodology/Principal Findings As a dataset we use the results of a workshop held at La Maddalena (Sardinia, Italy) in September 2010, aimed at studying selected taxa of soft-bodied meiofauna (Acoela, Annelida, Gastrotricha, Nemertodermatida, Platyhelminthes and Rotifera), in conjunction with data on the same taxa obtained during a previous workshop hosted at Tjärnö (Western Sweden) in September 2007. Using linear mixed effects models and model averaging while accounting for sampling bias and potential pseudoreplication, we found evidence that: (1) meiofaunal groups with more restricted distribution are the ones with low dispersal potential; (2) meiofaunal groups with higher probability of finding new species for science are the ones with low dispersal potential; (3) the proportion of the global species pool of each meiofaunal group present in each area at the regional scale is negatively related to body size, and positively related to their occurrence in the endobenthic habitat. Conclusion/Significance Our macroecological analysis of meiofauna, in the framework of the ubiquity hypothesis for microscopic organisms, indicates that not only body size but mostly dispersal ability and also occurrence in the endobenthic habitat are important correlates of diversity for these understudied animals, with different importance at different spatial scales. Furthermore, since the Western Mediterranean is one of the best-studied areas in the world, the large number of undescribed species (37%) highlights that the census of marine meiofauna is still very far from being complete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Curini-Galletti
- Dipartimento di Zoologia e Genetica Evoluzionistica, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Tom Artois
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Valentina Delogu
- Dipartimento di Zoologia e Genetica Evoluzionistica, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Diego Fontaneto
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Ascot, United Kingdom
| | - Ulf Jondelius
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Leasi
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Ascot, United Kingdom
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universtità di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Inga Meyer-Wachsmuth
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Sara Nilsson
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Tongiorgi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universtità di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Katrine Worsaae
- Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - M. Antonio Todaro
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universtità di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Barbosa AM, Fontaneto D, Marini L, Pautasso M. Positive regional species-people correlations: a sampling artefact or a key issue for sustainable development? Anim Conserv 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00402.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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