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Martínez-Torres D, Maldonado V, Pérez-Gallardo C, Yañez R, Candia V, Kalaidzidis Y, Zerial M, Morales-Navarrete H, Segovia-Miranda F. Phenotypic characterization of liver tissue heterogeneity through a next-generation 3D single-cell atlas. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2823. [PMID: 38307948 PMCID: PMC10837128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) geometrical models are potent tools for quantifying complex tissue features and exploring structure-function relationships. However, these models are generally incomplete due to experimental limitations in acquiring multiple (> 4) fluorescent channels in thick tissue sections simultaneously. Indeed, predictive geometrical and functional models of the liver have been restricted to few tissue and cellular components, excluding important cellular populations such as hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and Kupffer cells (KCs). Here, we combined deep-tissue immunostaining, multiphoton microscopy, deep-learning techniques, and 3D image processing to computationally expand the number of simultaneously reconstructed tissue structures. We then generated a spatial single-cell atlas of hepatic architecture (Hep3D), including all main tissue and cellular components at different stages of post-natal development in mice. We used Hep3D to quantitatively study 1) hepatic morphodynamics from early post-natal development to adulthood, and 2) the effect on the liver's overall structure when changing the hepatic environment after removing KCs. In addition to a complete description of bile canaliculi and sinusoidal network remodeling, our analysis uncovered unexpected spatiotemporal patterns of non-parenchymal cells and hepatocytes differing in size, number of nuclei, and DNA content. Surprisingly, we found that the specific depletion of KCs results in morphological changes in hepatocytes and HSCs. These findings reveal novel characteristics of liver heterogeneity and have important implications for both the structural organization of liver tissue and its function. Our next-gen 3D single-cell atlas is a powerful tool to understand liver tissue architecture, opening up avenues for in-depth investigations into tissue structure across both normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Martínez-Torres
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Valentina Maldonado
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristian Pérez-Gallardo
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Yañez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Valeria Candia
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Yannis Kalaidzidis
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marino Zerial
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hernán Morales-Navarrete
- Department of Systems Biology of Development, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
- Facultad de Ciencias Técnicas, Universidad Internacional Del Ecuador UIDE, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Fabián Segovia-Miranda
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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Santos D, Monteiro SM, Luzio A. A Stereological Approach to Quantify Immunohistochemical Staining in Zebrafish Larvae. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2753:397-402. [PMID: 38285354 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3625-1_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a powerful research tool to localize specific antigens in whole-mount or tissue sections of embryos with labeled antibodies based on antigen-antibody interactions. Stereological methods are nowadays an essential tool to quantify cells or other types of structures in an unbiased and reproducible manner. In this chapter, a general protocol for a stereological estimation of the relative volume density of each structural component (Vv), which can be applied to any organ/structural component, will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dércia Santos
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB and Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sandra M Monteiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB and Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Luzio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB and Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal.
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal.
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Chu E, Mychasiuk R, Green TRF, Zamani A, Dill LK, Sharma R, Raftery AL, Tsantikos E, Hibbs ML, Semple BD. Regulation of microglial responses after pediatric traumatic brain injury: exploring the role of SHIP-1. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1276495. [PMID: 37901420 PMCID: PMC10603304 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1276495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the world's leading cause of permanent neurological disability in children. TBI-induced neurological deficits may be driven by neuroinflammation post-injury. Abnormal activity of SH2 domain-containing inositol 5' phosphatase-1 (SHIP-1) has been associated with dysregulated immunological responses, but the role of SHIP-1 in the brain remains unclear. The current study investigated the immunoregulatory role of SHIP-1 in a mouse model of moderate-severe pediatric TBI. Methods SHIP-1+/- and SHIP-1-/- mice underwent experimental TBI or sham surgery at post-natal day 21. Brain gene expression was examined across a time course, and immunofluorescence staining was evaluated to determine cellular immune responses, alongside peripheral serum cytokine levels by immunoassays. Brain tissue volume loss was measured using volumetric analysis, and behavior changes both acutely and chronically post-injury. Results Acutely, inflammatory gene expression was elevated in the injured cortex alongside increased IBA-1 expression and altered microglial morphology; but to a similar extent in SHIP-1-/- mice and littermate SHIP-1+/- control mice. Similarly, the infiltration and activation of CD68-positive macrophages, and reactivity of GFAP-positive astrocytes, was increased after TBI but comparable between genotypes. TBI increased anxiety-like behavior acutely, whereas SHIP-1 deficiency alone reduced general locomotor activity. Chronically, at 12-weeks post-TBI, SHIP-1-/- mice exhibited reduced body weight and increased circulating cytokines. Pro-inflammatory gene expression in the injured hippocampus was also elevated in SHIP-1-/- mice; however, GFAP immunoreactivity at the injury site in TBI mice was lower. TBI induced a comparable loss of cortical and hippocampal tissue in both genotypes, while SHIP-1-/- mice showed reduced general activity and impaired working memory, independent of TBI. Conclusion Together, evidence does not support SHIP-1 as an essential regulator of brain microglial morphology, brain immune responses, or the extent of tissue damage after moderate-severe pediatric TBI in mice. However, our data suggest that reduced SHIP-1 activity induces a greater inflammatory response in the hippocampus chronically post-TBI, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erskine Chu
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Deparment of Neurology, Alfred Health, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Tabitha R. F. Green
- Department of Integrative Physiology, The University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Akram Zamani
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Larissa K. Dill
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Alfred Health, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Rishabh Sharma
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - April L. Raftery
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Evelyn Tsantikos
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margaret L. Hibbs
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bridgette D. Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Deparment of Neurology, Alfred Health, Prahran, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Malečková A, Mik P, Liška V, Pálek R, Rosendorf J, Witter K, Grajciarová M, Tonar Z. Periphery of porcine hepatic lobes has the smallest length density of hepatic sinusoids and bile canaliculi: A stereological histological study with implications for liver biopsies. Ann Anat 2023; 250:152157. [PMID: 37666463 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine liver is widely used in hepatologic research as a large animal model with many anatomical and physiological similarities with humans. However, only limited information on porcine liver spatial microstructure has been published, especially regarding the hepatic sinusoids and bile canaliculi. The aim of our study was to quantify the sinusoidal and bile canalicular network in healthy male and female porcine livers and to map the variability of these structures with heterogenous distribution to improve the evaluability of liver biopsy samples. METHODS Livers from 12 healthy piglets (6 females and 6 neutered males) were sampled into 36 tissue samples per organ, representing six hepatic lobes and three different regions related to the hepatic vasculature (peripheral, paracaval and paraportal region). Histological sections were processed with a random orientation of the cutting plane. The endothelium and the bile canaliculi were stained using Ricinus communis agglutinin I lectin histochemistry. The length densities of hepatic sinusoids LV(sinusoids,liver), of bile canaliculi LV(bile canaliculi,liver) and volume fraction VV(sinusoids,liver) and surface density SV(sinusoids,liver) of sinusoids were estimated using stereological methods. The newly acquired morphometric data were compared with previously published data on density of porcine hepatocytes and fractions of connective tissue. RESULTS The peripheral region had smallest LV(sinusoids,liver), smallest LV(bile canaliculi,liver) and greatest VV(sinusoids,liver). The six hepatic lobes had statistically comparable length densities of both sinusoids and bile canaliculi, but the left lateral lobe had smallest VV(sinusoids,liver). Regions with greater LV(sinusoids,liver) had also greater LV(bile canaliculi,liver) and SV(sinusoids,liver) and were accompanied by greater density of smaller hepatocytes. Regions with smaller LV(sinusoids,liver) and LV(bile canaliculi,liver) contained a greater fraction of interlobular connective tissue. CONCLUSIONS The length density of hepatic sinusoids is smaller in the peripheral regions of the porcine liver than in other regions related to the hepatic vasculature - paracaval and paraportal regions, and smaller in castrated males than in females. Greater length density of liver sinusoids was linked with greater local density of bile canaliculi, with local increase in the density of smaller hepatocytes and, simultaneously, with smaller fractions of hepatic connective tissue. The intrahepatic and inter-sexual variability of the porcine liver morphology needs to be taken into account when designing and interpreting experiments involving the histological quantification of the microvascular network. The complete primary morphometric data describing the distribution of morphometric parameters within porcine liver were made available in a form facilitating the power analysis to justify the minimal number of tissue samples or animals required when designing further histological evaluation studies. The macroscopic map of microvessels and bile canaliculi variability facilitates their assessment in liver biopsies in the pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Malečková
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic.
| | - Patrik Mik
- Department of Anatomy and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Liška
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Pálek
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jáchym Rosendorf
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Kirsti Witter
- Institute of Morphology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Grajciarová
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Tonar
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Owrang M, Noorafshan A, Rafati A, Karbalay-Doust S. The effects of curcumin and sertraline on stress-induced changes in the stomach tissues of rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2057-2069. [PMID: 36917242 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to stressors can cause functional disorders and structural damage to the stomach. Sertraline (SER) is an antidepressant and curcumin (CUR) is a natural compound with many properties. The current study aimed to investigate the impacts of stress, SER, and CUR on the stomach tissue using stereological methods. In total, 24 male and 24 female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. In the control group, the rats were not exposed to stress. However, the animals in stress, SER and, CUR groups were exposed to daily stress and were orally fed with distilled water, SER (10 mg/kg/day), and CUR (100 mg/kg/day), respectively. The volume, surface area, and number of nerve, parietal, and chief cells were evaluated by stereological methods. Results showed that stress increased the stomach and its mucosa and submucosa volumes, while it decreased the surface area of the mucosa. Furthermore, this disorder increased the number of neurons in the submucosa and myenteric plexuses while it decreased the number of parietal and chief cells. However, treating stressed rats with SER or CUR could prevent these changes. The results showed that the consumption of SER or CUR could be used as a preventive or adjunctive treatment for stressful situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Owrang
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Ave., Shiraz, 71348-45794, Iran
| | - Ali Noorafshan
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Ave., Shiraz, 71348-45794, Iran
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- City University in Canada, 789 W Pender ST Suite 310, Vancouver, BC V6C 1H2, Canada
| | - Ali Rafati
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Ave., Shiraz, 71348-45794, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saied Karbalay-Doust
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Ave., Shiraz, 71348-45794, Iran.
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Dzhalilova DS, Zolotova NA, Mkhitarov VA, Kosyreva AM, Tsvetkov IS, Khalansky AS, Alekseeva AI, Fatkhudinov TH, Makarova OV. Morphological and molecular-biological features of glioblastoma progression in tolerant and susceptible to hypoxia Wistar rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12694. [PMID: 37542119 PMCID: PMC10403616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a major pathogenetic factor in many cancers. Individual resistance to suboptimal oxygen availability is subject to broad variation and its possible role in tumorigenesis remains underexplored. This study aimed at specific characterization of glioblastoma progression in male tolerant and susceptible to hypoxia Wistar rats. Hypoxia resistance was assessed by gasping time measurement in an 11,500 m altitude-equivalent hypobaric decompression chamber. Based on the outcome, the animals were assigned to three groups termed 'tolerant to hypoxia' (n = 13), 'normal', and 'susceptible to hypoxia' (n = 24). The 'normal' group was excluded from subsequent experiments. One month later, the animals underwent inoculation with rat glioblastoma 101.8 followed by monitoring of survival, body weight dynamics and neurological symptoms. The animals were sacrificed on post-inoculation days 11 (subgroup 1) and 15 (subgroup 2). Relative vessels number, necrosis areas and Ki-67 index were assessed microscopically; tumor volumes were determined by 3D reconstruction from histological images; serum levels of HIF-1α, IL-1β, and TNFα were determined by ELISA. None of the tolerant to hypoxia animals died of the disease during observation period, cf. 85% survival on day 11 and 55% survival on day 15 in the susceptible group. On day 11, proliferative activity of the tumors in the tolerant animals was higher compared with the susceptible group. On day 15, proliferative activity, necrosis area and volume of the tumors in the tolerant to hypoxia animals were higher compared with the susceptible group. ELISA revealed no dynamics in TNFα levels, elevated levels of IL-1β in the susceptible animals on day 15 in comparison with day 11 and tolerant ones. Moreover, there were elevated levels of HIF-1α in the tolerant animals on day 15 in comparison with day 11. Thus, the proliferative activity of glioblastoma cells and the content of HIF-1α were higher in tolerant to hypoxia rats, but the mortality associated with the tumor process and IL-1β level in them were lower than in susceptible animals. Specific features of glioblastoma 101.8 progression in tolerant and susceptible to hypoxia rats, including survival, tumor growth rates and IL-1β level, can become the basis of new personalized approaches for cancer diseases treatment in accordance to individual hypoxia resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sh Dzhalilova
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", 3 Tsyurupy Street, Moscow, Russia, 117418.
| | - N A Zolotova
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", 3 Tsyurupy Street, Moscow, Russia, 117418
| | - V A Mkhitarov
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", 3 Tsyurupy Street, Moscow, Russia, 117418
| | - A M Kosyreva
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", 3 Tsyurupy Street, Moscow, Russia, 117418
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - I S Tsvetkov
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", 3 Tsyurupy Street, Moscow, Russia, 117418
| | - A S Khalansky
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", 3 Tsyurupy Street, Moscow, Russia, 117418
| | - A I Alekseeva
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", 3 Tsyurupy Street, Moscow, Russia, 117418
| | - T H Fatkhudinov
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", 3 Tsyurupy Street, Moscow, Russia, 117418
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - O V Makarova
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", 3 Tsyurupy Street, Moscow, Russia, 117418
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Mik P, Barannikava K, Surkova P. Biased Quantification of Rat Liver Fibrosis-Meta-Analysis with Practical Recommendations and Clinical Implications. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5072. [PMID: 37568474 PMCID: PMC10420125 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
For liver fibrosis assessment, the liver biopsy is usually stained with Masson's trichrome (MT) or picrosirius red (PSR) to quantify liver connective tissue (LCT) for fibrosis scoring. However, several concerns of such semiquantitative assessments have been raised, and when searching for data on the amount of LCT in healthy rats, the results vastly differ. Regarding the ongoing reproducibility crisis in science, it is necessary to inspect the results and methods, and to design an unbiased and reproducible method of LCT assessment. We searched the Medline database using search terms related to liver fibrosis, LCT and collagen, rat strains, and staining methods. Our search identified 74 eligible rat groups in 57 studies. We found up to 170-fold differences in the amount of LCT among healthy Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats, with significant differences even within individual studies. Biased sampling and quantification probably caused the observed differences. In addition, we also found incorrect handling of liver fibrosis scoring. Assessment of LCT using stereological sampling methods (such as systematic uniform sampling) would provide us with unbiased data. Such data could eventually be used not only for the objective assessment of liver fibrosis but also for validation of noninvasive methods of the assessment of early stages of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Mik
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center and Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Katsiaryna Barannikava
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Polina Surkova
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Rothman JS, Borges-Merjane C, Holderith N, Jonas P, Silver RA. Validation of a stereological method for estimating particle size and density from 2D projections with high accuracy. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0277148. [PMID: 36930689 PMCID: PMC10022809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stereological methods for estimating the 3D particle size and density from 2D projections are essential to many research fields. These methods are, however, prone to errors arising from undetected particle profiles due to sectioning and limited resolution, known as 'lost caps'. A potential solution developed by Keiding, Jensen, and Ranek in 1972, which we refer to as the Keiding model, accounts for lost caps by quantifying the smallest detectable profile in terms of its limiting 'cap angle' (ϕ), a size-independent measure of a particle's distance from the section surface. However, this simple solution has not been widely adopted nor tested. Rather, model-independent design-based stereological methods, which do not explicitly account for lost caps, have come to the fore. Here, we provide the first experimental validation of the Keiding model by comparing the size and density of particles estimated from 2D projections with direct measurement from 3D EM reconstructions of the same tissue. We applied the Keiding model to estimate the size and density of somata, nuclei and vesicles in the cerebellum of mice and rats, where high packing density can be problematic for design-based methods. Our analysis reveals a Gaussian distribution for ϕ rather than a single value. Nevertheless, curve fits of the Keiding model to the 2D diameter distribution accurately estimate the mean ϕ and 3D diameter distribution. While systematic testing using simulations revealed an upper limit to determining ϕ, our analysis shows that estimated ϕ can be used to determine the 3D particle density from the 2D density under a wide range of conditions, and this method is potentially more accurate than minimum-size-based lost-cap corrections and disector methods. Our results show the Keiding model provides an efficient means of accurately estimating the size and density of particles from 2D projections even under conditions of a high density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Seth Rothman
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Noemi Holderith
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Jonas
- Cellular Neuroscience, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - R. Angus Silver
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Elangovan S, Borody TJ, Holsinger RMD. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Reduces Pathology and Improves Cognition in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010119. [PMID: 36611911 PMCID: PMC9818266 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no known treatment or cure. Global disease projections warrant an urgent and rapid therapeutic for the treatment of this devastating disease. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a widely accepted and safely used treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection and other metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. FMT has also been demonstrated to be a possible AD therapeutic. We examined the potential of FMT for the treatment of AD in a robust, mouse model of the disease and report that a brief, 7-day treatment regimen demonstrated 'plaque-busting' and behavior-modifying effects in treated 5xFAD mice. Importantly, we show that donor age plays an important role in the efficacy of the treatment and these findings warrant further investigation in human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Elangovan
- Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Thomas J. Borody
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, Level 1, 229 Great North Road, Five Dock, NSW 2046, Australia
| | - R. M. Damian Holsinger
- Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence:
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McClellan P, Ina JG, Knapik DM, Isali I, Learn G, Valente A, Wen Y, Wen R, Anderson JM, Gillespie RJ, Akkus O. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Delivery via Topographically Tenoinductive Collagen Biotextile Enhances Regeneration of Segmental Tendon Defects. Am J Sports Med 2022; 50:2281-2291. [PMID: 35647785 PMCID: PMC10170307 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221097939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful management of massive rotator cuff (RC) tendon tears represents a treatment challenge because of the limited intrinsic healing capacity of native tendons and the risk of repair failure. Biologic augmentation of massive RC tears utilizing scaffolds-capable of regenerating bulk tendon tissue to achieve a mechanically functional repair-represents an area of increasing clinical interest. PURPOSE To investigate the histological and biomechanical outcomes after the use of a novel biologic scaffold fabricated from woven electrochemically aligned collagen (ELAC) threads as a suture-holding, fully load-bearing, defect-bridging scaffold with or without mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) compared with direct repair in the treatment of critically sized RC defects using a rabbit model. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS A total of 34 New Zealand White rabbits underwent iatrogenic creation of a critically sized defect (6 mm) in the infraspinatus tendon of 1 shoulder, with the contralateral shoulder utilized as an intact control. Specimens were divided into 4 groups: (1) gap-negative control without repair; (2) direct repair of the infraspinatus tendon-operative control; (3) tendon repair using ELAC; and (4) tendon repair using ELAC + MSCs. Repair outcomes were assessed at 6 months using micro-computed tomography, biomechanical testing, histology, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Specimens treated with ELAC demonstrated significantly less tendon retraction when compared with the direct repair group specimens (P = .014). ELAC + MSCs possessed comparable biomechanical strength (178 ± 50 N) to intact control shoulders (199 ± 35 N) (P = .554). Histological analyses demonstrated abundant, well-aligned de novo collagen around ELAC threads in both the ELAC and the ELAC + MSC shoulders, with ELAC + MSC specimens demonstrating increased ELAC resorption (7% vs 37%, respectively; P = .002). The presence of extracellular matrix components, collagen type I, and tenomodulin, indicating tendon-like tissue formation, was appreciated in both the ELAC and the ELAC + MSC groups. CONCLUSION The application of MSCs to ELAC scaffolds improved biomechanical and histological outcomes when compared with direct repair for the treatment of critically sized defects of the RC in a rabbit model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study demonstrates the feasibility of repairing segmental tendon defects with a load-bearing, collagen biotextile in an animal model, showing the potential applicability of RC repair supplementation using allogeneic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip McClellan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jason G Ina
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Ohio, USA
| | - Derrick M Knapik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Ohio, USA
| | - Ilaha Isali
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Greg Learn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexis Valente
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yujing Wen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ruiqi Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - James M Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert J Gillespie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Ohio, USA
| | - Ozan Akkus
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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11
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Isali I, Mclellan P, Wong TR, Cingireddi S, Jain M, Anderson JM, Hijaz A, Akkus O. In Vivo Delivery of M0, M1, and M2 Macrophage Subtypes via Genipin-Crosslinked Collagen Biotextile. Tissue Eng Part A 2022; 28:672-684. [PMID: 35107345 PMCID: PMC9469745 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing strategies to regulate the immune response poses significant challenges with respect to the clinical translation of tissue-engineered scaffolds. Prominent advancements have been made relating to macrophage-based therapies and biomaterials. Macrophages exhibit the potential to influence healing trajectory, and predominance of particular subtypes during early onset of healing influences repair outcomes. This study evaluated short- and long-term healing response and postoperative mechanical properties of genipin-crosslinked, electrochemically-aligned collagen biotextiles with comparative administration of M0, M1, and M2 subtypes. Irrespective of macrophage subtype seeded, all groups demonstrated existence of M2 macrophages at both time points as typified by arginase and Ym-1 expressions, and distinct absence of M1 macrophages, as indicated by lack of iNOS and IL-1β expression in all groups for both time points. M2 macrophage-seeded collagen biotextiles revealed promising host tissue responses, such as reduced fibrous capsule thickness and minimal granulation tissue formation. Furthermore, the M2-seeded group displayed more abundant interstitial collagen deposition following degradation of the collagen threads. M2 macrophage supplementation improved structural and mechanical properties at the tissue and cellular level as indicated by increased modulus and stiffness. This study demonstrates improved biomechanical and histological outcomes following incorporation of M2 macrophages into genipin-crosslinked collagen biotextiles for tissue repair and offers future strategies focused on connective tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaha Isali
- Case Western Reserve University, 2546, Urology, 2450 Derbyshire Road, Apt 230, Ohio, Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44106-7078.,CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY, 2450 Derbyshire Road, Apt 230, 2450 Derbyshire Road, Apt 230, United States;
| | - Phillip Mclellan
- Case Western Reserve University, 2546, Cleveland, Ohio, United States;
| | - Thomas R Wong
- Case Western Reserve University, 2546, Cleveland, Ohio, United States;
| | | | - Mukesh Jain
- Case Western Reserve University, 2546, Cleveland, Ohio, United States;
| | - James M Anderson
- Case Western Reserve University, 2546, Department of Pathology, Cleveland, Ohio, United States;
| | - Adonis Hijaz
- Case Western Reserve University, 2546, Urology, Cleveland, Ohio, United States;
| | - Ozan Akkus
- Case Western Reserve University, 2546, Cleveland, Ohio, United States;
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12
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Yaghoubi A, Azarpira N, Karbalay-Doust S, Daneshi S, Vojdani Z, Talaei-Khozani T. Prednisolone and mesenchymal stem cell preloading protect liver cell migration and mitigate extracellular matrix modification in transplanted decellularized rat liver. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:36. [PMID: 35090559 PMCID: PMC8800282 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02711-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regenerative medicine provides promising approaches for treating chronic liver diseases. Previous studies indicate that decellularized liver architecture is damaged by invading non-hepatic inflammatory cells. This study aimed to use anti-inflammatory and regenerative potency of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) and prednisolone for reducing fibrosis and balancing inflammatory cell migration into the decellularized liver scaffold. MATERIAL AND METHOD The liver was decellularized by perfusing Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (SLES), and nuclei depletion and extracellular matrix (ECM) retention were confirmed by DNA quantification, histochemical, and immunohistochemical assessments. Scaffolds were loaded with BM-MSCs, prednisolone, or a combination of both, implanted at the anatomical place in the rat partial hepatectomized and followed up for 2 and 4 weeks. RESULTS Labeled-MSCs were traced in the transplanted scaffolds; however, they did not migrate into the intact liver. Immunohistochemistry showed that the hepatoblasts, cholangiocytes, stellate, and oval cells invaded into all the scaffolds. Bile ducts were more abundant in the border of the scaffolds and intact liver. Stereological assessments showed a significant reduction in the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils in prednisolone-loaded scaffolds. The regeneration process and angiogenesis were significantly higher in the group treated with cell/prednisolone-loaded bioscaffolds. Collagen fibers were significantly reduced in the scaffolds pre-treated with cell/prednisolone, prednisolone, or BM-MSCs, compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Loading prednisolone into the scaffolds can be a worthy approach to restrict inflammation after transplantation. Although pre-loading of the scaffolds with a combination of cells/prednisolone could not alleviate inflammation, it played an important role in regeneration and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Yaghoubi
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Anatomy Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplantation Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saied Karbalay-Doust
- Stereology and Morphometry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Anatomy Department, Shiraz medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sajad Daneshi
- Stereology and Morphometry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Vojdani
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Anatomy Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Talaei-Khozani
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Anatomy Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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13
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Susilowati R, Wicaksono S, Sumiwi YA, Paramita D. ImageJ-FIJI-Assisted estimation of intestinal layers' volume: Study in Jejunum–Ileum of rats. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_53_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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14
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Shevchuk MM. MACRO- AND MICROSTRUCTURAL LIVER ARRANGEMENT IN WHITE RATS IN HEALTH. BULLETIN OF PROBLEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.29254/2077-4214-2022-3-166-456-459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Diaz EA, Donoso G, Saenz C, Aponte PM. Spermatogenesis in a vulnerable South American cervid, dwarf red brocket (Mazama rufina). Anat Histol Embryol 2021; 51:91-102. [PMID: 34820886 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The brocket deer (Genus Mazama) is a highly diverse cervid group distributed from Mexico to Argentina, with a downward population trend. However, literature on the basic reproductive biology of the genus is scarce. This work aimed to study biometric, histological and stereological aspects of the testes of Dwarf Red Brocket (Mazama rufina). Testes from free-ranging adult brockets (n = 3) were retrieved from necropsies. Testes were histologically processed. From histological images, several stereological parameters were estimated, and seminiferous epithelium cycle morphology was described. Testes volumes were between 8.2 and 18.4 ml and weights from 8.3 to 19.4 g. Gonadosomatic index (% paired-testes weight to body weight) went from 0.17 to 0.64. The tubular cross-sectional diameter was 179.8 ± 2.8 µm. Estimated volume densities for parenchyma and interstitium were 78.8% and 21.2% respectively. There were (in millions/ml) 96.0 ± 13.1 germ cells and 37.7 ± 6.0 somatic cells. Specific cell densities were (all expressed in millions/ml) as follows: spermatogonia 13.1 ± 4.2; primary spermatocytes 43.1 ± 5.0; round spermatids 36.8 ± 8.0 (lower density near the caudal pole, p < 0.01); sustentacular (Sertoli) cells 16.8 ± 4.1 and interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells 17.4 ± 3.4. Sertoli cell index (germ cells per Sertoli cell) was 6.72. Eight stages of the cycle were described, and frequencies estimated, resembling those of goats. M. rufina adult testis anatomy is similar to that of other cervids and domestic ruminants, with an apparently lower spermatogenic efficiency. This work is a first approximation to the physiology of the testis of M. rufina. Basic knowledge of the reproductive physiology of vulnerable species may allow biotechnological approaches for the restitution of animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A Diaz
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador.,Hospital de Fauna Silvestre Tueri, Instituto iBIOTROP, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gustavo Donoso
- Hospital de Fauna Silvestre Tueri, Instituto iBIOTROP, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carolina Saenz
- Hospital de Fauna Silvestre Tueri, Instituto iBIOTROP, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Pedro M Aponte
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador.,Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBIOMED, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador
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16
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Kolinko Y, Malečková A, Kochová P, Grajciarová M, Blassová T, Kural T, Trailin A, Červenková L, Havránková J, Vištejnová L, Tonarová P, Moulisová V, Jiřík M, Zavaďáková A, Tichánek F, Liška V, Králíčková M, Witter K, Tonar Z. Using virtual microscopy for the development of sampling strategies in quantitative histology and design-based stereology. Anat Histol Embryol 2021; 51:3-22. [PMID: 34806204 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Only a fraction of specimens under study are usually selected for quantification in histology. Multilevel sampling or tissue probes, slides and fields of view (FOVs) in the regions of interest (ROIs) are required. In general, all parts of the organs under study should be given the same probability to be taken into account; that is, the sampling should be unbiased on all levels. The objective of our study was to provide an overview of the use of virtual microscopy in the context of developing sampling strategies of FOVs for stereological quantification. We elaborated this idea on 18 examples from multiple fields of histology, including quantification of extracellular matrix and muscle tissue, quantification of organ and tumour microvessels and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, assessing osseointegration of bone implants, healing of intestine anastomoses and osteochondral defects, counting brain neurons, counting nuclei in vitro cell cultures and others. We provided practical implications for the most common situations, such as exhaustive sampling of ROIs, sampling ROIs of different sizes, sampling the same ROIs for multiple histological methods, sampling more ROIs with variable intensities or using various objectives, multistage sampling and virtual sampling. Recommendations were provided for pilot studies on systematic uniform random sampling of FOVs as a part of optimizing the efficiency of histological quantification to prevent over- or undersampling. We critically discussed the pros and cons of using virtual sections for sampling FOVs from whole scanned sections. Our review demonstrated that whole slide scans of histological sections facilitate the design of sampling strategies for quantitative histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav Kolinko
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Malečková
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, European Centre of Excellence NTIS, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kochová
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, European Centre of Excellence NTIS, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Grajciarová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Blassová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kural
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Andriy Trailin
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Červenková
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřina Havránková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Vištejnová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Tonarová
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimíra Moulisová
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Jiřík
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Applied Sciences, European Centre of Excellence NTIS, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Zavaďáková
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Tichánek
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Liška
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgery and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Králíčková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Kirsti Witter
- Institute of Morphology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zbyněk Tonar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Marcos R, Almeida J, Marques J, Moreira R, Dias-Pereira P, Correia-Gomes C, Santos M. Canine mast cell tumors: utility of stereologic tools in cytology. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 34:263-267. [PMID: 34763591 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211058825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative morphologic parameters assessed in cytologic samples of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (ccMCTs) may assist with surgical planning and prognostication. Robust cutoffs can be defined, with high reproducibility, for parameters such as the nuclear area (NA). The NA may be determined by morphometry (image analysis, NAI) or by stereology, such as the 2D-nucleator method (NAN); stereologic techniques have not been applied to cytologic specimens of ccMCT, to our knowledge. We retrospectively selected routine cytology smears from 51 ccMCT cases and screened them to determine the percentage of neoplastic mast cells with indistinct nuclear borders; this was repeated after the slides were restained with H&E. The NAI and the NAN were estimated in 100 mast cells per animal in H&E-stained slides. All nuclei were visible in H&E smears, and unbiased quantification was feasible. The NAN was similar to NAI, but less time-consuming. Both the NAN and NAI determined by cytology differed in histologic low- and high-grade ccMCTs, and in histologic grade I plus II versus grade III ccMCTs. Stereologic parameters such as the NAN could be considered as complementary techniques for the cytologic evaluation of ccMCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Marcos
- Cytology Diagnostic Services, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Almeida
- Cytology Diagnostic Services, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Marques
- Cytology Diagnostic Services, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Moreira
- Veterinary Clinic, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Dias-Pereira
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Marta Santos
- Cytology Diagnostic Services, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Souza CFC, Pires LAS, Babinski MDSD, Fonseca Junior A, Manaia JHM, Babinski MA. Organization of the fibrous connective tissue of the fallopian tubes in fertile and climacteric periods: a scanning electron microscopic and stereologic study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2021; 14:956-963. [PMID: 34646413 PMCID: PMC8493265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the fallopian tubes is subject to several changes due to hormonal influences and aging. However, there is a lack of studies regarding its arrangement in older women. We aimed to analyze the organization of ECMcomponents, including collagen and elastic fibers, in the fallopian tube's ampulla from young and old women by means of scanning electron microscopical and stereological methods. Twenty-one samples were analyzed: 12 from female cadavers in a fertile age (G1) and 9 from the climacteric period (G2). Masson's trichrome stain was used to observe collagen and smooth muscle, while Weigert's Fuchsin-Resorcin was employed to observe elastic fibers. Statistical analysis was performed by the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test with the aid ofthe R© software. The tissue was also fixed for scanning electron microscopic analysis in a modified Karnovsky solution and the three-dimensional organization of fibrous connective tissue was observed and compared. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) were found in all stereologic comparisons of the extracellular matrix between the groups, which revealed a higher volumetric density of the fibrous tissue in the climacteric group. Scanning electron microscopy showed degenerative alterations of extracellular matrix. According to our results, aging caused significant changes to the elements of the extracellular matrix and the smooth muscle of the fallopian tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Albino Fonseca Junior
- Medical Sciences Post Graduation Program, Universidade Federal Fluminense Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcio Antonio Babinski
- Medical Sciences Post Graduation Program, Universidade Federal Fluminense Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Naidu ECS, Olojede SO, Lawal SK, Rennie CO, Azu OO. Nanoparticle delivery system, highly active antiretroviral therapy, and testicular morphology: The role of stereology. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00776. [PMID: 34107163 PMCID: PMC8189564 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The conjugation of nanoparticles (NPs) with antiretroviral drugs is a drug delivery approach with great potential for managing HIV infections. Despite their promise, recent studies have highlighted the toxic effects of nanoparticles on testicular tissue and their impact on sperm morphology. This review explores the role of stereological techniques in assessing the testicular morphology in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) when a nanoparticle drug delivery system is used. Also, NPs penetration and pharmacokinetics concerning the testicular tissue and blood-testis barrier form the vital part of this review. More so, various classes of NPs employed in biomedical and clinical research to deliver antiretroviral drugs were thoroughly discussed. In addition, considerations for minimizing nanoparticle-drugs toxicity, ensuring enhanced permeability of nanoparticles, maximizing drug efficacy, ensuring adequate bioavailability, and formulation of HAART-NPs fabrication are well discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Coleridge S. Naidu
- Discipline of Clinical AnatomySchool of Laboratory Medicine & Medical SciencesNelson R Mandela School of MedicineUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Samuel Oluwaseun Olojede
- Discipline of Clinical AnatomySchool of Laboratory Medicine & Medical SciencesNelson R Mandela School of MedicineUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Sodiq Kolawole Lawal
- Discipline of Clinical AnatomySchool of Laboratory Medicine & Medical SciencesNelson R Mandela School of MedicineUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Carmen Olivia Rennie
- Discipline of Clinical AnatomySchool of Laboratory Medicine & Medical SciencesNelson R Mandela School of MedicineUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Onyemaechi Okpara Azu
- Discipline of Clinical AnatomySchool of Laboratory Medicine & Medical SciencesNelson R Mandela School of MedicineUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
- Department of AnatomySchool of MedicineUniversity of NamibiaWindhoekNamibia
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20
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy in Novel Porcine Model of Diffuse Liver Damage Induced by Repeated Biliary Obstruction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094304. [PMID: 33919123 PMCID: PMC8122325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In liver surgery, biliary obstruction can lead to secondary biliary cirrhosis, a life-threatening disease with liver transplantation as the only curative treatment option. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been shown to improve liver function in both acute and chronic liver disease models. This study evaluated the effect of allogenic MSC transplantation in a large animal model of repeated biliary obstruction followed by partial hepatectomy. MSC transplantation supported the growth of regenerated liver tissue after 14 days (MSC group, n = 10: from 1087 ± 108 (0 h) to 1243 ± 92 mL (14 days); control group, n = 11: from 1080 ± 95 (0 h) to 1100 ± 105 mL (14 days), p = 0.016), with a lower volume fraction of hepatocytes in regenerated liver tissue compared to resected liver tissue (59.5 ± 10.2% vs. 70.2 ± 5.6%, p < 0.05). Volume fraction of connective tissue, blood vessels and bile vessels in regenerated liver tissue, serum levels of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP and GGT) and liver metabolites (albumin, bilirubin, urea and creatinine), as well as plasma levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and TGF-β, were not affected by MSC transplantation. In our novel, large animal (pig) model of repeated biliary obstruction followed by partial hepatectomy, MSC transplantation promoted growth of liver tissue without any effect on liver function. This study underscores the importance of translating results between small and large animal models as well as the careful translation of results from animal model into human medicine.
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21
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Castro VMDD, Medeiros KCDP, Lemos LICD, Pedrosa LDFC, Ladd FVL, Carvalho TGD, Araújo Júnior RFD, Abreu BJ, Farias NBDS. S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide ameliorates duodenal morphological alterations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Tissue Cell 2021; 69:101483. [PMID: 33444959 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease associated with several intestinal disorders. S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide (SMCS) is an amino acid present in Allium cepa L with hypoglycemic effects. However, the effects of SMCS on diabetic intestinal changes are unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of SMCS on duodenal morphology and immunomodulatory markers in diabetic rats. Twenty-six rats were divided into three groups: control (C), diabetic (D) and diabetic +200 mg/kg SMCS (DSM). DM was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). After 30 days, duodenum samples were processed to assess histopathological and stereological alterations in volume, villus length, and immunohistochemical expression of NF-kB, IL-10, BCL-2, and caspase-3. SMCS reduced hyperglycemia and mitigated the increase in total reference volume of the duodenum, the absolute volume of the mucosa, and the length of the intestinal crypts in the DMS group when compared to D. IL-10 immunostaining was reduced in D when compared to C, while NF-kB was increased in D in comparison to the other groups. SMCS supplementation could decrease the NF-kB immunostaining observed in D. Positive staining for BCL-2 and caspase-3 were not statistically different between groups. In summary, SMCS decreased hyperglycemia and mitigated the morphological changes of the duodenum in diabetic animals, and these beneficial effects can be partially explained by NF-kB modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bento João Abreu
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
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22
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Casanova M, Branco S, Veiga IB, Barros A, Faísca P. Stereology in Grading and Prognosis of Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:483-490. [PMID: 33576305 PMCID: PMC8064533 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820985138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (ccMCTs) are currently graded according to Patnaik and Kiupel grading schemes. The qualitative and semiquantitative parameters applied in these schemes may lead to inter- and intraobserver variability. This study investigates the prognostic value of volume-weighted mean nuclear volume (vv¯), a stereological estimation that provides information about nuclear size and its variability. vv¯ of 55 ccMCTs was estimated using the “point-sampled intercept” method and compared with histological grade and clinical outcome. The clinical history of dogs treated with surgical excision alone was available for 30 ccMCTs. Statistical differences in vv¯ were found between grade II (x¯ = 115 ± 29 µm3) and grade III ccMCTs (x ¯= 197 ± 63 µm3), as well as between low-grade (x ¯= 113 ± 28 µm3) and high-grade ccMCTs (x¯ = 184 ± 63 µm3). An optimal cutoff value of vv¯ ≥ 150 µm3 and vv¯ ≥ 140 µm3 was determined for grade III and high-grade ccMCTs, respectively. In terms of prognosis, vv¯ was not able to predict the clinical outcome in 42% of the cases; however, cases with vv¯ <125 µm3 had a favorable outcome. These results indicate that, despite having limited prognostic value when used as a solitary parameter, vv¯ is highly reproducible and is associated with histological grade as well as with benign behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Casanova
- 70904Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.,70989Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | | | | | - André Barros
- 70904Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro Faísca
- 70904Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.,FMV-ULHT, Lisbon, Portugal.,DNATech, Lisbon, Portugal
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23
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Abstract
Changes in size and abundance of late endocytic and autophagic organelles are increasingly appreciated as highly indicative of the physiological or pathological conditions of cells. Electron microscopy (EM) is unsurpassed in high-resolution imaging of both ultrastructural and immunocytochemical features of subcellular compartments. EM-based morphometry permits precise quantitative analyses of organelles, especially after state-of-the-art cryopreparation. Here described step-by-step protocols cover (i) different approaches for sample preparation of almost any specimen, (ii) tools to identify and characterize classes or subpopulations of lysosomes and related organelles, and (iii) convenient, straightforward ways for manual, thus, non-automated measurements of globular or spheroid-shaped organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Hess
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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24
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Leão T, Siqueira M, Marcondes S, Franco-Belussi L, De Oliveira C, Fernandes CE. Comparative liver morphology associated with the hepatosomatic index in five Neotropical anuran species. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:860-871. [PMID: 33073492 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The liver is an important metabolic organ in vertebrates. In anurans, the hepatosomatic index (HSI) reflects differences in energy storage and reproductive activities between males and females. The objective of this study was to describe the histological and histometric parameters of the livers of five species of Neotropical anurans, taking sex-related differences into account. We also tested how the relationship between quantitative histometric variables and HSI varied between males and females in different species. Five males and five females of Elachistocleis matogrosso, Leptodactylus podicipinus, Lysapsus limellum, Pseudis platensis, and Trachycephalus typhonius were captured in central Brazil during the rainy season. HSI did not vary according to sex, but it varied among species. Elachistocleis matogrosso had the highest HSI due to the large hepatocyte size. The percentage of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) was higher in P. platensis and L. limellum. In T. thyphonius, hepatocyte area was negatively associated with HSI, while the MMC percentages were positively associated with HSI. The liver plays a key role in reproductive activities, especially for species with explosive reproduction. Additionally, histometric patterns and volumetric structural density varied between males and females due to energy utilization for reproduction. Not only are these results important for future studies on hepatic morphophysiology but they also provide tools for evolutionary and phylogenetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taynara Leão
- Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mayara Siqueira
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sandriely Marcondes
- Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lilian Franco-Belussi
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Classius De Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Fernandes
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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25
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Aging-Exacerbated Acute Axon and Myelin Injury Is Associated with Microglia-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species and Is Alleviated by the Generic Medication Indapamide. J Neurosci 2020; 40:8587-8600. [PMID: 33060175 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1098-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is a critical risk factor for many neurologic conditions, including progressive multiple sclerosis. Yet the mechanisms underlying the relationship are unknown. Using lysolecithin-induced demyelinating injury to the mouse spinal cord, we characterized the acute lesion and investigated the mechanisms of increased myelin and axon damage with age. We report exacerbated myelin and axon loss in middle-aged (8-10 months of age) compared with young (6 weeks of age) female C57BL/6 mice by 1-3 d of lesion evolution in the white matter. Transcriptomic analysis linked elevated injury to increased expression of Cybb, the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase gp91phox. Immunohistochemistry in male and female Cx3cr1 CreER/+ :Rosa26 tdTom/+ mice for gp91phox revealed that the upregulation in middle-aged animals occurred primarily in microglia and not infiltrated monocyte-derived macrophages. Activated NADPH oxidase generates reactive oxygen species and elevated oxidative damage was corroborated by higher malondialdehyde immunoreactivity in lesions from middle-aged compared with young mice. From a previously conducted screen for generic drugs with antioxidant properties, we selected the antihypertensive CNS-penetrant medication indapamide for investigation. We report that indapamide reduced superoxide derived from microglia cultures and that treatment of middle-aged mice with indapamide was associated with a decrease in age-exacerbated lipid peroxidation, demyelination and axon loss. In summary, age-exacerbated acute injury following lysolecithin administration is mediated in part by microglia NADPH oxidase activation, and this is alleviated by the CNS-penetrant antioxidant, indapamide.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Age is associated with an increased risk for the development of several neurologic conditions including progressive multiple sclerosis, which is represented by substantial microglia activation. We demonstrate that in the lysolecithin demyelination model in young and middle-aged mice, the latter group developed greater acute axonal and myelin loss attributed to elevated oxidative stress through NADPH oxidase in lineage-traced microglia. We thus used a CNS-penetrant generic medication used in hypertension, indapamide, as we found it to have antioxidant properties in a previous drug screen. Following lysolecithin demyelination in middle-aged mice, indapamide treatment was associated with decreased oxidative stress and axon/myelin loss. We propose indapamide as a potential adjunctive therapy in aging-associated neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and progressive multiple sclerosis.
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26
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Siebold L, Krueger AC, Abdala JA, Figueroa JD, Bartnik-Olson B, Holshouser B, Wilson CG, Ashwal S. Cosyntropin Attenuates Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:109. [PMID: 32670020 PMCID: PMC7332854 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality/morbidity and is associated with chronic neuroinflammation. Melanocortin receptor agonists including adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ameliorate inflammation and provide a novel therapeutic approach. We examined the effect of long-acting cosyntropin (CoSyn), a synthetic ACTH analog, on the early inflammatory response and functional outcome following experimental TBI. Methods: The controlled cortical impact model was used to induce TBI in mice. Mice were assigned to injury and treatment protocols resulting in four experimental groups including sham + saline, sham + CoSyn, TBI + saline, and TBI + CoSyn. Treatment was administered subcutaneously 3 h post-injury and daily injections were given for up to 7 days post-injury. The early inflammatory response was evaluated at 3 days post-injury through the evaluation of cytokine expression (IL1β and TNFα) and immune cell response. Quantification of immune cell response included cell counts of microglia/macrophages (Iba1+ cells) and neutrophils (MPO+ cells) in the cortex and hippocampus. Behavioral testing (n = 10–14 animals/group) included open field (OF) and novel object recognition (NOR) during the first week following injury and Morris water maze (MWM) at 10–15 days post-injury. Results: Immune cell quantification showed decreased accumulation of Iba1+ cells in the perilesional cortex and CA1 region of the hippocampus for CoSyn-treated TBI animals compared to saline-treated. Reduced numbers of MPO+ cells were also found in the perilesional cortex and hippocampus in CoSyn treated TBI mice compared to their saline-treated counterparts. Furthermore, CoSyn treatment reduced IL1β expression in the cortex of TBI mice. Behavioral testing showed a treatment effect of CoSyn for NOR with CoSyn increasing the discrimination ratio in both TBI and Sham groups, indicating increased memory performance. CoSyn also decreased latency to find platform during the early training period of the MWM when comparing CoSyn to saline-treated TBI mice suggesting moderate improvements in spatial memory following CoSyn treatment. Conclusion: Reduced microglia/macrophage accumulation and neutrophil infiltration in conjunction with moderate improvements in spatial learning in our CoSyn treated TBI mice suggests a beneficial anti-inflammatory effect of CoSyn following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Siebold
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,The Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Amy C Krueger
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan A Abdala
- The Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Johnny D Figueroa
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Brenda Bartnik-Olson
- Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Barbara Holshouser
- Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Christopher G Wilson
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,The Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Stephen Ashwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
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27
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Lada E, Anna M, Patrik M, Zbynek T, Miroslav J, Hynek M, Richard P, Sarah L, Vaclav L. Porcine Liver Anatomy Applied to Biomedicine. J Surg Res 2020; 250:70-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Zielińska KA, Grealy M, Dockery P. A stereological study of developmental changes in hepatocyte ultrastructure of zebrafish (Danio rerio). J Anat 2020; 236:996-1003. [PMID: 32056204 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Histopathology can reveal toxicant-induced changes in the structure of a tissue or organ. A prerequisite for histopathological studies is a sound knowledge of the morphology of the anatomical structure in the normal or healthy state. Zebrafish larvae can provide a tool for studies focused on hepatotoxicity at early stages of development; therefore, the fine structure of the organ should be well characterised. To date, liver structure at 72 and 120 hr post-fertilisation (hpf) has not been reported in detail and this study aimed to fill this scientific gap. A stereological approach allowed for quantitative description of the liver and revealed ultrastructural alterations occurring with time of development. These included a significant increase in the absolute volume of hepatocytes, mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) during the period of study. The surface area of rER, and of outer and inner mitochondrial membranes also increased. There was no change in the absolute volume of the nuclei. This study provides a quantitative spatial and temporal framework for future research aiming to detect early developmental changes in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maura Grealy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peter Dockery
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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29
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Silva JB, Paiva KA, Costa KM, Viana GA, Araújo Júnior HN, Bezerra LS, Freitas CI, Batista JS. Hepatoprotective and antineoplastic potencial of red propolis produced by the bees Apis mellifera in the semiarid of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of the honey bee Apis mellifera ethanolic extract of the red propolis, obtained in four municipalities of the Rio Grande do Norte semi-arid region, through an in vitro evaluation of the antineoplastic potential in human hepatic carcinoma (HepG2) and normal cell lines (L929), and from the comet assay in hepatic cell lines (ZF-L hepatocytes) to evaluate the genoprotective potential of the extract. The hepatoprotective effect was also evaluated in vivo by the induction of chronic experimental hepatic lesions in rodents (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769), Wistar line, by intraperitoneal administration of thioacetamide (TAA) at the dose of 0.2g/kg. The animals were distributed in the following experimental groups: G1 (control), G2 (treated with 500mg/kg ethanolic extract of propolis), G3 (treated with 500mg/kg of ethanolic extract and TAA) and G4 (treated with TAA). All rats were submitted to serum biochemical, macroscopic, histological and stereological biochemical exams of the liver. It was verified the genoprotective effect of red propolis since the mean damages promoted to DNA in cells tested with the extract were significantly lower than the mean of the positive control damage (hydrogen peroxide). The red propolis extract did not present cytotoxic activity to the tumor cells of human liver cancer, as well as to normal ones. The absence of cytotoxicity in normal cells may indicate safety in the use of the propolis extract. The results of the serum biochemical evaluation showed that the serum levels of the aminotransferase enzymes (AST) did not differ significantly between G1, G2 and G3 when compared to each other. G4 showed significant increase in levels compared to the other groups, indicating that the administration of the extract did not cause liver toxicity, as well as exerted hepatoprotective effect against the hepatic damage induced by TAA. The G3 and G4 animals developed cirrhosis, but in G3 the livers were characterized by the presence of small regenerative nodules and level with the surface of the organ, whereas in G4 the livers showed large regenerative nodules. The livers of the G1 and G2 animals presented normal histological appearance, whereas the livers of the G3 animals showed regenerative nodules surrounded by thin septa of connective tissue, and in G4 the regenerative nodules were surrounded by thick septa fibrous connective tissue. The analysis of the hepatic tissues by means of stereology showed that there was no statistical difference between the percentage of hepatocytes, sinusoids, and collagens in G1 and G2. In G3 the percentage of hepatocytes, sinusoids, and collagen did not differ significantly from the other groups. It was concluded that the ethanolic extract of the red propolis exerted a hepatoprotective effect, because it promoted in vitro reduction of the damage to the DNA of liver cells, antineoplastic activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) and did not exert cytotoxic effect in normal cells or was able to reduce liver enzyme activity and the severity of cirrhosis induced by TAA in vivo.
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30
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Matsche MA, Blazer VS, Mazik PM. Seasonal development of the coccidian parasite Goussia bayae and hepatobiliary histopathology in white perch Morone americana from Chesapeake Bay. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2019; 134:113-135. [PMID: 31120039 DOI: 10.3354/dao03353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The coccidium Goussia bayae infects the gallbladder and bile ducts of white perch Morone americana from Chesapeake Bay, USA. Seasonal changes in coccidian infections were analyzed from bile specimens of 1588 fish from the Choptank River during 2016-2018 using wet mount preparations with a Sedgwick-Rafter counting chamber. Histopathology of the gallbladder and liver was analyzed from a subset (n = 480) of these fish. Maximum parasite prevalence (100%) and intensities in the gallbladder occurred during the fish spawning season in March and April. Asynchronous coccidian development and prevalence of infections in fish increased gradually during autumn and winter, but coccidian intensity increased sharply 2-4 wk prior to the onset of fish spawning activity and decreased after spawning activity concluded. Sporulation was internal, and the gallbladder was the primary reservoir for oocysts. Two previously undescribed species of coccidia were observed in the intestine. Lesions in the gallbladder were rare and included cholecystitis and epithelial necrosis. Intrahepatic bile duct lesions were more common and included distension, cholangitis, epithelial erosion and necrosis, cholestasis, hyperplasia, and neoplasia. Cholangitis and necrosis of intrahepatic bile ducts were significantly associated with coccidial infections, while plasmodia of a myxosporean (spore morphology consistent with the genera Myxidium and Zschokella) were significantly associated with bile duct hyperplasia. Biliary neoplasia included cholangiomas (5% prevalence) and cholangiocarcinomas (1% prevalence). No association was detected between G. bayae and biliary neoplasms, but an association may exist between these lesions and the myxosporean plasmodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Matsche
- Cooperative Oxford Laboratory, Oxford, Maryland 21654, USA
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31
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Rousselle SD, Wicks JR, Tabb BC, Tellez A, O’Brien M. Histology Strategies for Medical Implants and Interventional Device Studies. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 47:235-249. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623319827288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Histology of medical devices poses a variety of unique challenges. Comprehensive histologic assessment of medical devices often requires spatial context and high-quality retention of the device–tissue interface. However, the composition of many medical devices is often not amenable to traditional paraffin embedding and thus alternative specialized methodologies such as hard resin embedding must be used. Hard resin embedding requires specialized laboratory technical expertise and equipment, and the fixation techniques and resin composition used markedly impact the feasibility of immunohistochemistry. For the continuity of spatial context during histologic evaluation, additional imaging methods such as macrophotography, radiography, micro-Computerized Tomography (microCT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to guide sectioning and to complement histologic findings. Although standardized approaches are scarce for medical devices, important considerations specific to medical device histology are discussed, including general specimen preparation, special considerations for devices by organ system, and the challenges of immunohistochemistry. Histologic preparation of medical devices must be thoughtful, thorough, and tailored to achieve optimal histologic outcomes for complex, valuable, and often limited implant specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Armando Tellez
- Alizée Pathology, Thurmont, Maryland, USA
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
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32
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Rašković B, Cruzeiro C, Poleksić V, Rocha E. Estimating volumes from common carp hepatocytes using design-based stereology and examining correlations with profile areas: Revisiting a nutritional assay and unveiling guidelines to microscopists. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:861-871. [PMID: 30730589 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Assessing fish liver status is common in aquaculture nutrition assays. This often implies determining hepatocytes profile areas in routine thin (5-7 μm) histological sections. However, there are theoretical problems using planar morphometry in thin sections: inherent sampling cells biases, too small numbers of sampled cells, under/overestimation of size, measuring size as areas when cells are three-dimensional (3D) entities. The gold standard for assessing/validate cell size is stereology using thick sections (20-40 μm). Here, we estimated the volume of hepatocytes and their nuclei by the nucleator and optical disector stereological probes (in thick sections), and, innovatively, in thin sections too (using single-section disectors). The liver of common carp eating feed containing either low or high level of lipids was targeted. Results were compared with prior profile areas from planar morphometry using thin sections, and with profile areas estimated here with the two-dimensional (2D) nucleator. Ratios between nucleus and cell/cytoplasm (N/C) areas and volumes were calculated and compared. There was high positive correlation between volumes in thin and thick sections (r = .85 to .89; p < .001), empirically validating the single-section disector. Strong correlations existed between profile-derived versus 2D-nucleator areas (r = .74 to .83; p < .001). There was systematic underestimation of cells and nucleus size using planar morphometry. The N/C ratios derived from the 2D-nucleator data were higher than those from planar morphometry. Despite theoretical premises for using simple planar morphometry in thin sections are flawed, our results support that such morphometry on carp/fish hepatocytes may offer some valid biological conclusions. Anyway, we advanced guidelines for implementing proper methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Božidar Rašković
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Catarina Cruzeiro
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Histomorphology, Physiopathology, and Applied Toxicology Group, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Vesna Poleksić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Histomorphology, Physiopathology, and Applied Toxicology Group, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
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33
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Yurt KK, Kivrak EG, Altun G, Mohamed H, Ali F, Gasmalla HE, Kaplan S. A brief update on physical and optical disector applications and sectioning-staining methods in neuroscience. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 93:16-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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34
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Moudi B, Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H. Study of liver in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma: Stereology shows quantitative differences in liver structure. Eur J Histochem 2018; 62. [PMID: 30223640 PMCID: PMC6166574 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2018.2950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the main consequences of liver chronic disease. Hepatocellular carcinoma-related changes may be seen in patients with chronic hepatitis B. The aim of the current study was to quantitate liver tissue elements by stereological technique in patients with hepatitis B-related cancer and compare the results with control and only hepatitis B group. Needle liver biopsies from 40 patients with only chronic hepatitis B infection, from 41 patients with only early hepatocellular carcinoma, from 40 patients with early hepatitis B-related cancer and 30 healthy subjects (control group) were analyzed by stereological method using systematic uniform random sampling method. Haematoxylin and eosin stained sections were used. The numerical density of hepatocytes, hepatocyte volume, numerical density of Kupffer cells, volume density of the connective tissue in the portal space, and volume density of the connective tissue were assessed. Quantitative analysis of liver samples indicated that there were statistically significant differences in the numerical density of hepatocytes, hepatocyte volume, numerical density of Kupffer cells, volume density of the connective tissue in the portal space, and volume density of the connective tissue between control and hepatitis B-related cancer and hepatitis B groups. Quantitative, stereological technique is simple and reliable for evaluating HCC in chronic hepatitis B. It is useful for assessing the liver tissue parameters. Stereology is recommended for the diagnosis of people prone to cancer in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Moudi
- Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, and Department of Histology.
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35
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Mik P, Tonar Z, Malečková A, Eberlová L, Liška V, Pálek R, Rosendorf J, Jiřík M, Mírka H, Králíčková M, Witter K. Distribution of Connective Tissue in the Male and Female Porcine Liver: Histological Mapping and Recommendations for Sampling. J Comp Pathol 2018; 162:1-13. [PMID: 30060837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pig is a large animal model that is often used in experimental medicine. The aim of this study was to assess, in normal pig livers, sexual dimorphism in the normal fraction of hepatic interlobular and intralobular connective tissue (CT) in six hepatic lobes and in three macroscopical regions of interest (ROIs) with different positions relative to the liver vasculature. Using stereological point grids, the fractions of CT were quantified in histological sections stained with aniline blue and nuclear fast red. Samples (415 tissue blocks) were collected from healthy piglets, representing paracaval, paraportal and peripheral ROIs. There was considerable variability in the CT fraction at all sampling levels. In males the mean fraction of interlobular CT was 4.7 ± 2.4% (mean ± SD) and ranged from 0% to 11.4%. In females the mean fraction of the interlobular CT was 3.6 ± 2.2% and ranged from 0% to 12.3%. The mean fraction of intralobular (perisinusoidal summed with pericentral) CT was <0.2% in both sexes. The interlobular CT represented >99.8% of the total hepatic CT and the fractions were highly correlated (Spearman r = 0.998, P <0.05). The smallest CT fraction was observed in the left medial lobe and in the paracaval ROI and the largest CT fraction was detected in the quadrate lobe and in the peripheral ROI. For planning experiments involving the histological quantification of liver fibrosis and requiring comparison between the liver lobes, these data facilitate the power analysis for sample size needed to detect the expected relative increase or decrease in the fraction of CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mik
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Karlovarska 48, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Z Tonar
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Karlovarska 48, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
| | - A Malečková
- European Centre of Excellence NTIS, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 22, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - L Eberlová
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Karlovarska 48, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - V Liška
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 80, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - R Pálek
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 80, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - J Rosendorf
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 80, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - M Jiřík
- European Centre of Excellence NTIS, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 22, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - H Mírka
- Department of Imaging Methods and Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, University Hospital in Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - M Králíčková
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Karlovarska 48, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - K Witter
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Department for Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, Austria
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36
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Dehghani F, Sotoude N, Bordbar H, Panjeshahin M, Karbalay-Doust S. The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to improve structural impairment of rat testis induced by busulfan. Platelets 2018; 30:513-520. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1478400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Dehghani
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Narges Sotoude
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Bordbar
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M.R. Panjeshahin
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saied Karbalay-Doust
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Kubíková T, Kochová P, Tomášek P, Witter K, Tonar Z. Numerical and length densities of microvessels in the human brain: Correlation with preferential orientation of microvessels in the cerebral cortex, subcortical grey matter and white matter, pons and cerebellum. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 88:22-32. [PMID: 29113946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To provide basic data on the local differences in density of microvessels between various parts of the human brain, including representative grey and white matter structures of the cerebral hemispheres, the brain stem and the cerebellum, we quantified the numerical density NV and the length density LV of microvessels in two human brains. We aimed to correlate the density of microvessels with previously published data on their preferential orientation (anisotropy). Microvessels were identified using immunohistochemistry for laminin in 32 samples harvested from the following brain regions of two adult individuals: the cortex of the telencephalon supplied by the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral artery; the basal ganglia (putamen and globus pallidus); the thalamus; the subcortical white matter of the telencephalon; the internal capsule; the pons; the cerebellar cortex; and the cerebellar white matter. NV was calculated from the number of vascular branching points and their valence, which were assessed using the optical disector in 20-μm-thick sections. LV was estimated using counting frames applied to routine sections with randomized cutting planes. After correction for shrinkage, NV in the cerebral cortex was 1311±326mm-3 (mean±SD) and LV was 255±119mm-2. Similarly, in subcortical grey matter (which included the basal ganglia and thalamus), NV was 1350±445mm-3 and LV was 328±117mm-2. The vascular networks of cortical and subcortical grey matter were comparable. Their densities were greater than in the white matter, with NV=222±147mm-3 and LV=160±96mm-2. NV was moderately correlated with LV. In parts of brain with greater NV, blood vessels lacked a preferential orientation. Our data were in agreement with other studies on microvessel density focused on specific brain regions, but showed a greater variability, thus mapping the basic differences among various parts of brain. To facilitate the planning of other studies on brain vascularity and to support the development of computational models of human brain circulation based on real microvascular morphology; stereological data in form of continuous variables are made available as supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Kubíková
- NTIS, European Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitni 8, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kochová
- NTIS, European Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitni 8, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tomášek
- NTIS, European Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitni 8, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Karlovarska 48, 301 66 Pilsen, Czech Republic; Department of Forensic Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Budinova 2, 180 81 Prague 8, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kirsti Witter
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zbyněk Tonar
- NTIS, European Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitni 8, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic.
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Santos M, Dias-Pereira P, Correia-Gomes C, Marcos R, de Matos A, Rocha E, Lopes C. Use of the optical disector in canine mammary simple and complex carcinomas. APMIS 2017; 125:833-839. [PMID: 28586148 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Grading of canine mammary carcinomas (CMC) is associated to subjective assessments made by the pathologists. Due to its unbiased nature, stereology can be used to objectively quantify morphological parameters associated with grading and malignancy. However, the use of stereology in CMC has not been fully disclosed. The nuclear numerical density [NV (nuclei, tumor)] is a cellularity-associated parameter that can be estimated by the optical disector. Herein, it was estimated in 44 CMC and its association with clinicopathologic factors - such as tumor size, histological subtype and grade, vascular/lymph node invasion, nuclear pleomorphism, and survival - was evaluated. Considering all the cases, the mean NV (nuclei, tumor) was 1.6 × 106 ± 0.5 × 106 nuclei/mm3 . Lower values were attained in complex carcinomas, comparing to simple carcinomas, in tumors smaller than 5 cm, with low mitotic activity and in those with high nuclear pleomorphism. No statistically significant association with grade or vascular/lymph node invasion was observed, but tumors with disease progression had lower nuclear densities. The NV (nuclei, tumor) and the correlated parameters mirror to some extension those in human breast cancer, suggesting an interesting interspecies agreement. This first estimation of the nuclear numerical density in CMC highlights the feasibility of the optical disector and their utility for objective morphological assessments in CMC. The association between nuclear numerical density and disease progression warrants future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Santos
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, ICBAS - UPorto, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Dias-Pereira
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS - UPorto, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Correia-Gomes
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Future Farming Systems, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Inverness, UK
| | - Ricardo Marcos
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, ICBAS - UPorto, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Augusto de Matos
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, ICBAS - UPorto, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Animal Science and Study Central (CECA), Food and Agrarian Sciences and Technologies Institute (ICETA), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, ICBAS - UPorto, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Histomorphology, Physiopathology, and Applied Toxicology Group, Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, CIIMAR - UPorto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Lopes
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS - UPorto, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Ferro A, Mestre T, Carneiro P, Sahumbaiev I, Seruca R, Sanches JM. Blue intensity matters for cell cycle profiling in fluorescence DAPI-stained images. J Transl Med 2017; 97:615-625. [PMID: 28263290 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, there has been an amazing progress in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the cell cycle. This has been possible largely due to a better conceptualization of the cycle itself, but also as a consequence of technological advances. Herein, we propose a new fluorescence image-based framework targeted at the identification and segmentation of stained nuclei with the purpose to determine DNA content in distinct cell cycle stages. The method is based on discriminative features, such as total intensity and area, retrieved from in situ stained nuclei by fluorescence microscopy, allowing the determination of the cell cycle phase of both single and sub-population of cells. The analysis framework was built on a modified k-means clustering strategy and refined with a Gaussian mixture model classifier, which enabled the definition of highly accurate classification clusters corresponding to G1, S and G2 phases. Using the information retrieved from area and fluorescence total intensity, the modified k-means (k=3) cluster imaging framework classified 64.7% of the imaged nuclei, as being at G1 phase, 12.0% at G2 phase and 23.2% at S phase. Performance of the imaging framework was ascertained with normal murine mammary gland cells constitutively expressing the Fucci2 technology, exhibiting an overall sensitivity of 94.0%. Further, the results indicate that the imaging framework has a robust capacity to both identify a given DAPI-stained nucleus to its correct cell cycle phase, as well as to determine, with very high probability, true negatives. Importantly, this novel imaging approach is a non-disruptive method that allows an integrative and simultaneous quantitative analysis of molecular and morphological parameters, thus awarding the possibility of cell cycle profiling in cytological and histological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Ferro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EpIC) Group, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Mestre
- Institute for Systems and Robotics (ISR/IST), LARSyS, Bioengineering Department, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Carneiro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EpIC) Group, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivan Sahumbaiev
- Institute for Systems and Robotics (ISR/IST), LARSyS, Bioengineering Department, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seruca
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EpIC) Group, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Patologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João M Sanches
- Institute for Systems and Robotics (ISR/IST), LARSyS, Bioengineering Department, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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40
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Junatas KL, Tonar Z, Kubíková T, Liška V, Pálek R, Mik P, Králíčková M, Witter K. Stereological analysis of size and density of hepatocytes in the porcine liver. J Anat 2016; 230:575-588. [PMID: 28032348 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The porcine liver is frequently used as a large animal model for verification of surgical techniques, as well as experimental therapies. Often, a histological evaluation is required that include measurements of the size, nuclearity or density of hepatocytes. Our aims were to assess the mean number-weighted volume of hepatocytes, the numerical density of hepatocytes, and the fraction of binuclear hepatocytes (BnHEP) in the porcine liver, and compare the distribution of these parameters among hepatic lobes and macroscopic regions of interest (ROIs) with different positions related to the liver vasculature. Using disector and nucleator as design-based stereological methods, the morphometry of hepatocytes was quantified in seven healthy piglets. The samples were obtained from all six hepatic lobes and three ROIs (peripheral, paracaval and paraportal) within each lobe. Histological sections (thickness 16 μm) of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material were stained with the periodic acid-Schiff reaction to indicate the cell outlines and were assessed in a series of 3-μm-thick optical sections. The mean number-weighted volume of mononuclear hepatocytes (MnHEP) in all samples was 3670 ± 805 μm3 (mean ± SD). The mean number-weighted volume of BnHEP was 7050 ± 2550 μm3 . The fraction of BnHEP was 4 ± 2%. The numerical density of all hepatocytes was 146 997 ± 15 738 cells mm-3 of liver parenchyma. The porcine hepatic lobes contained hepatocytes of a comparable size, nuclearity and density. No significant differences were identified between the lobes. The peripheral ROIs of the hepatic lobes contained the largest MnHEP with the smallest numerical density. The distribution of a larger MnHEP was correlated with a larger volume of BnHEP and a smaller numerical density of all hepatocytes. Practical recommendations for designing studies that involve stereological evaluations of the size, nuclearity and density of hepatocytes in porcine liver are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan L Junatas
- Department for Pathobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Southern Mindanao, Cotabato, Philippines
| | - Zbyněk Tonar
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Kubíková
- NTIS, European Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Liška
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Pálek
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Patrik Mik
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Králíčková
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Kirsti Witter
- Department for Pathobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Long live the liver: immunohistochemical and stereological study of hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells of male and female rats throughout ageing. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 366:639-649. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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42
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Chemopreventive effects of pequi oil (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) on preneoplastic lesions in a mouse model of hepatocarcinogenesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 2016; 25:299-305. [DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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43
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Meier M, Andersen KJ, Knudsen AR, Nyengaard JR, Hamilton-Dutoit S, Mortensen FV. Liver regeneration is dependent on the extent of hepatectomy. J Surg Res 2016; 205:76-84. [PMID: 27621002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The upper limit for the size of hepatectomy is approximately 90% in rats. The aim of the study was to assess quantitatively using stereological methods the impact on liver function, regeneration rate (RR), and hepatocyte proliferation of varying hepatectomy size in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 104 male Wistar rats were subjected to 30%, 70%, or 90% partial hepatectomy, sham operation, or no operation. Euthanization and harvesting of liver tissue and blood took place at postoperative days 1, 3, and 5 (n = 8 per group). Liver-specific biochemistry and RR were evaluated. Hepatocyte proliferation was estimated by immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 antigen using unbiased stereological principles. RESULTS Liver RR in the 90% group increased by a 6.6 fold during the 5 postoperative days compared with only a minor increase in both the 70% and 30% partial hepatectomy groups. The highest number of Ki-67-positive hepatocytes was observed in the 70% group at postoperative day 1 and for the 90% group at postoperative day 3. Prothrombin-proconvertin ratio was significantly lower in the 90% group 1 d after surgery compared with all other groups, however, nearly normalized at postoperative day 5. CONCLUSIONS We show that liver RR and the number of proliferating hepatocytes increase, whereas the initial hepatic synthetic capacity decreases with increasing hepatectomy size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Meier
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Jens Randel Nyengaard
- Stereology & Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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44
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Marcos R, Lopes C, Malhão F, Correia-Gomes C, Fonseca S, Lima M, Gebhardt R, Rocha E. Stereological assessment of sexual dimorphism in the rat liver reveals differences in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells but not hepatic stellate cells. J Anat 2016; 228:996-1005. [PMID: 26892301 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is long-standing evidence that male and female rat livers differ in enzyme activity. More recently, differences in gene expression profiling have also been found to exist; however, it is still unclear whether there is morphological expression of male/female differences in the normal liver. Such differences could help to explain features seen at the pathological level, such as the greater regenerative potential generally attributed to the female liver. In this paper, hepatocytes (HEP), Kupffer cells (KC) and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) of male and female rats were examined to investigate hypothesised differences in number, volume and spatial co-localisation of these cell types. Immunohistochemistry and design-based stereology were used to estimate total numbers, numbers per gram and mean cell volumes. The position of HSC within lobules (periportal vs. centrilobular) and their spatial proximity to KC was also assessed. In addition, flow cytometry was used to investigate the liver ploidy. In the case of HEP and KC, differences in the measured cell parameters were observed between male and female specimens; however, no such differences were detected for HSC. Female samples contained a higher number of HEP per gram, with more binucleate cells. The HEP nuclei were smaller in females, which was coincident with more abundant diploid particles in these animals. The female liver also had a greater number of KC per gram, with a lower percentage of KC in the vicinity of HSC compared with males. In this study, we document hitherto unknown morphological sexual dimorphism in the rat liver, namely in HEP and KC. These differences may account for the higher regenerative potential of the female liver and lend weight to the argument for considering the rat liver as a sexually dimorphic organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Marcos
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U.Porto - University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology Group, CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto - University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia Lopes
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U.Porto - University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology Group, CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto - University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Malhão
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U.Porto - University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology Group, CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto - University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Correia-Gomes
- Scotland's Rural College, Epidemiology Research Unit - Future Farming Systems Group, Inverness, UK
| | - Sónia Fonseca
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Department of Hematology, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, CHP - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, HSA - Hospital de Santo António, U.Porto - University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Lima
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Department of Hematology, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, CHP - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, HSA - Hospital de Santo António, U.Porto - University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rolf Gebhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U.Porto - University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology Group, CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto - University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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45
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Rafati A, Hoseini L, Babai A, Noorafshan A, Haghbin H, Karbalay-Doust S. Mitigating Effect of Resveratrol on the Structural Changes of Mice Liver and Kidney Induced by Cadmium; A Stereological Study. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2015; 20:266-75. [PMID: 26770914 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2015.20.4.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cadmium (Cd) has harmful effects on the liver and kidney. Resveratrol (RES) is an herbal substance that functions as a protective mediator. This study aimed to investigate the effects of RES on the histology of liver and kidney in Cd-exposed mice. Male mice were divided into 4 groups daily receiving normal saline (1 mL normal saline/d), Cd (1 mg/kg/d), RES (20 mg/kg/d), and Cd plus RES, respectively. After 4 weeks, the liver and kidney components were evaluated using stereological methods. The total volume and number of hepatocytes, and volume of fibrous tissue were respectively increased by 34%, 58%, and a 3-fold in the Cd-exposed mice in comparison to the control animals (P < 0.03). On the other hand, the volume of the main vasculature (sinusoids and central veins) was decreased by 36% in the Cd group compared to the control mice (P < 0.03). Considering the kidney, the results showed a 3-fold increase in the total glomeruli volume and a 7-fold increase in fibrous tissue in the Cd-treated group compared to the control mice (P < 0.03). After Cd treatment, a 32% reduction was observed in the volume and length of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. RES-treatment alone did not induce any structural changes. In comparison to the Cd group, an increase in the normal components of the liver and kidney and a decrease in the formation of the fibrous and degenerated tissues were observed in the Cd+RES-treated mice (P < 0.03).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rafati
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran; Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
| | - Leila Hoseini
- Department of Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
| | - Ali Babai
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
| | - Ali Noorafshan
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran; Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
| | - Hossein Haghbin
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
| | - Saied Karbalay-Doust
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran; Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
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Jepsen BN, Andersen KJ, Knudsen AR, Nyengaard JR, Hamilton-Dutoit S, Svendsen P, Etzerodt A, Møller HJ, Moestrup SK, Graversen JH, Mortensen FV. Anti-inflammatory liposomes have no impact on liver regeneration in rats. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2015; 4:452-61. [PMID: 26779334 PMCID: PMC4685239 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgical resection is the gold standard in treatment of hepatic malignancies, giving the patient the best chance to be cured. The liver has a unique capacity to regenerate. However, an inflammatory response occurs during resection, in part mediated by Kupffer cells, that influences the speed of regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a Kupffer cell targeted anti-inflammatory treatment on liver regeneration in rats. METHODS Two sets of animals, each including four groups of eight rats, were included. Paired groups from each set received treatment with placebo, low dose dexamethasone, high dose dexamethasone or low dose anti-CD163 dexamethasone. Subsequently, the rats underwent 70% partial hepatectomy. The two sets were evaluated on postoperative day 2 or 5, respectively. Blood was drawn for circulating markers of inflammation and liver cell damage; liver tissue was sampled for analysis of regeneration rate and proliferation index. RESULTS The high dose dexamethasone group had significantly lower body and liver weight than the placebo and anti-CD163-dex groups. There were no differences in liver regeneration rates between groups. Hepatocyte proliferation was completed faster in the placebo group, although this was not significant. The anti-CD163-dex group showed increased blood levels of albumin and alanine aminotransferase and a diminished inflammatory response in terms of significantly reduced haptoglobin, α2-macroglobulin and Interleukine-6. CONCLUSION Low dose dexamethasone targeted to Kupffer cells does not affect histological liver cell regeneration after 70% hepatectomy in rats, but reduces the inflammatory response judged by circulating markers of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betina Norman Jepsen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jens Randel Nyengaard
- Stereology & Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Pia Svendsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Etzerodt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Holger Jon Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jonas Heilskov Graversen
- Affinicon ApS, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Rašković B, Heinke R, Rösch P, Popp J. The Potential of Raman Spectroscopy for the Classification of Fish Fillets. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Marcos R, Bragança B, Fontes-Sousa AP. Image Analysis or Stereology: Which to Choose for Quantifying Fibrosis? J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 63:734-6. [PMID: 26033333 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415592180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Marcos
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, ICBAS-UPorto, Portugal (RM)
| | - Bruno Bragança
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Neurobiology/MedInUP, ICBAS-UP (BB, APFS)
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Marcos R, Correia-Gomes C. The innate immune system of the liver: May it explain the stronger viral clearance in female sex? Hepatology 2014; 60:1800-1. [PMID: 24668772 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Marcos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Marcos R. Depletion of hepatic stellate cells: have Kupffer cells lost their bad neighbor? J Hepatol 2014; 61:714-5. [PMID: 24893125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Marcos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, ICBAS-UPorto, Portugal.
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