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Bowen M, Miles C, Hegseth R, Anderson CM, Brandon CS, Langford ML, Wolovich CK. The potential interplay between the glandular microbiome and scent marking behavior in owl monkeys (Aotus nancymaae). Am J Primatol 2021; 83:e23324. [PMID: 34492124 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, scent marking behavior is a pervasive form of chemical communication that regulates social interactions within and between groups. Glandular microbiota consist of bacterial communities capable of producing chemical cues used in olfactory communication. Despite countless studies on scent marking in primates, few have examined the microbiota associated with glandular secretions. Nancy Ma's owl monkeys (Aotus nancymaae) are nocturnal, socially monogamous primates that frequently scent mark using their subcaudal glands. Previous analyses revealed that unique chemical signatures of Aotus may convey information about sex and age. We used positive reinforcement to sample the subcaudal glands of 23 captive owl monkeys to describe their glandular microbiomes and examine how patterns in these bacterial communities vary with age, sex, rearing environment and/or social group (pair identity). We coupled these analyses with behavioral observations to examine patterns in their scent marking behavior. We isolated 31 bacterial species from Phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, consistent with the dermal and glandular microbiomes of other primates. Several bacterial taxa we identified produce volatile organic compounds, which may contribute to olfactory communication. These bacterial communities are best predicted by an interaction between sex, rearing environment and pair identity rather than any of these variables alone. Within mated pairs of A. nancymaae, males and females scent mark their nest boxes at similar frequencies. In some pairs, rates of scent marking by males and females fluctuated over time in a similar manner. Pairs that had been together longer tended to exhibit the greatest similarities in their rates of scent marking. Together, these findings suggest that scent marking behavior and close social interactions with pair mates in Aotus may influence bacterial transmission and their glandular microbiomes. Chemical communication, including coordinated scent marking, may play a role in strengthening pair bonds, signaling pair status and/or in mate guarding in this socially monogamous primate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malique Bowen
- Department of Biology, Florida Southern College, Lakeland, Florida, USA
| | - Carly Miles
- Department of Biology, Florida Southern College, Lakeland, Florida, USA
| | - Ryan Hegseth
- Department of Biology, Florida Southern College, Lakeland, Florida, USA
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2
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Corley M, Perea-Rodriguez JP, Valeggia C, Fernandez-Duque E. Associations between fecal cortisol and biparental care in a pair-living primate. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 176:295-307. [PMID: 34272723 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We quantified variation in fecal cortisol across reproductive periods in Azara's owl monkeys (Aotus azarae) to examine physiological mechanisms that may facilitate biparental care. Specifically, we evaluated evidence for the explanation that owl monkeys have hormonal mechanisms to mobilize energy during periods when each sex is investing heavily in reproduction, that is, the gestation period for females and the infant care period for males. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 2011 and 2015, we monitored 10 groups of Azara's owl monkeys from a wild population in Formosa, Argentina and collected fecal samples from 26 adults (13 males, 13 females). Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, we quantified fecal cortisol as a proxy for evaluating stress responses, including energetic demands, on both sexes during periods of reproduction and parental care. RESULTS Male cortisol was lowest during periods when they were caring for young infants (<3 months) compared with periods with older infants or no infant. Female cortisol was elevated during gestation compared with other periods. Mean fecal cortisol in both males and females was lower when an infant was present compared with when females were gestating. DISCUSSION Our results do not support the hypothesis that owl monkey males have elevated fecal cortisol during periods when they need to mobilize energy to provide intensive infant care. Our findings are also inconsistent with the Maternal Relief hypothesis. However, results from studies measuring fecal cortisol must be interpreted with care and alternative explanations, such as seasonal fluctuations in diet and thermoenergic demands, should be considered when drawing conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Corley
- Department of Anthropology and School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Perea-Rodriguez
- Project Conservémonos, Limon, Costa Rica.,WELL-PRIM Project, Eco-Anthropologie Lab (UMR 7602), Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France
| | - Claudia Valeggia
- Department of Anthropology and School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eduardo Fernandez-Duque
- Department of Anthropology and School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Formosa, Formosa, Argentina
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de Lima Cardoso D, de Araújo Guimarães DA, Mayor P, Ferreira MAP, Tavares Dias HL, de Faria Espinheiro R, Barros Monteiro FO. Reproductive biology of owl (Aotus spp.) and capuchin (Sapajus spp.) monkeys. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 227:106732. [PMID: 33690051 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies related to morpho-physiology improve the understanding of biological mechanisms in non-human primates (NHP), contributing to research in several areas, especially those of assisted reproduction and biomedicine. The genera Aotus and Sapajus are important considerations in conducting studies related to reproductive biology and biomedical research, where animals of these genera can serve as models for species with vulnerable conservation status. The reproductive functions of animals of these genera can be used in conducting studies with other NHP species, for which biological material is difficult to access. The aim in conducting the current review was to compile the scientific literature on the biology and reproductive aspects of these two genera, to provide a for a greater understanding of these topics. In addition, a systematic review of literature allows for efficient access relevant information from an extended timeframe collated in a single document. There was, therefore, a systematic search for keywords based on reproductive studies with animals in these genera conducted, and 58 articles, 12 books, and three academic theses were subsequently selected. Even though there have been advances in knowledge of the reproductive biology of animals from these genera that have occurred in recent decades, especially research conducted when these NHP were in captivity, a wide variety of areas remain to be studied so that the understanding of reproduction in these NHP can be enhanced and the knowledge gained from these studies utilized for greater understanding of reproduction of NHP in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deise de Lima Cardoso
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia, Animal Health and Production Institute, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Av. Tancredo Neves, nº 251, Terra Firme, CEP: 66077-830, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | | | - Pedro Mayor
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia, Animal Health and Production Institute, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Av. Tancredo Neves, nº 251, Terra Firme, CEP: 66077-830, Belém, PA, Brazil; Museum of Indigenous Amazonian Cultures, Fundamazonia, 332 Malecón Tarapacá, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru; Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Edific Blanc, 1ª planta, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Cataluna, Spain.
| | | | - Hilma Lúcia Tavares Dias
- Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Av. Perimetral, 2-224, Guamá, CEP: 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Roberto de Faria Espinheiro
- Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Av. Perimetral, 2-224, Guamá, CEP: 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Frederico Ozanan Barros Monteiro
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia, Animal Health and Production Institute, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Av. Tancredo Neves, nº 251, Terra Firme, CEP: 66077-830, Belém, PA, Brazil.
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Activity Patterns, Diet and Home Range of Night Monkeys (Aotus griseimembra and Aotus lemurinus) in Tropical Lowland and Mountain Forests of Central Colombia. INT J PRIMATOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-020-00192-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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5
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Fernandez-Duque E, Huck M, Van Belle S, Di Fiore A. The evolution of pair-living, sexual monogamy, and cooperative infant care: Insights from research on wild owl monkeys, titis, sakis, and tamarins. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 171 Suppl 70:118-173. [PMID: 32191356 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
"Monogamy" and pair bonding have long been of interest to anthropologists and primatologists. Their study contributes to our knowledge of human evolutionary biology and social evolution without the cultural trappings associated with studying human societies directly. Here, we first provide an overview of theoretical considerations, followed by an evaluation of recent comparative studies of the evolution of "social monogamy"; we are left with serious doubts about the conclusions of these studies that stem from the often poor quality of the data used and an overreliance on secondary sources without vetting the data therein. We then describe our field research program on four "monogamous" platyrrhines (owl monkeys, titis, sakis, and tamarins), evaluate how well our data support various hypotheses proposed to explain "monogamy," and compare our data to those reported on the same genera in comparative studies. Overall, we found a distressing lack of agreement between the data used in comparative studies and data from the literature for the taxa that we work with. In the final section, we propose areas of research that deserve more attention. We stress the need for more high-quality natural history data, and we urge researchers to be cautious about the uncritical use of variables of uncertain internal validity. Overall, it is imperative that biological anthropologists establish and follow clear criteria for comparing and combining results from published studies and that researchers, reviewers, and editors alike comply with these standards to improve the transparency, reproducibility, and interpretability of causal inferences made in comparative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fernandez-Duque
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Owl Monkey Project, Fundación ECO, Formosa, Argentina.,Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Formosa, Formosa, Argentina.,College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Maren Huck
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Sarie Van Belle
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas.,Primate Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Anthony Di Fiore
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.,Department of Anthropology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas.,Primate Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
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Tecot SR, Baden AL. Profiling caregivers: Hormonal variation underlying allomaternal care in wild red-bellied lemurs, Eulemur rubriventer. Physiol Behav 2018; 193:135-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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7
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Spence‐Aizenberg A, Williams LE, Fernandez‐Duque E. Are olfactory traits in a pair‐bonded primate under sexual selection? An evaluation of sexual dimorphism in
Aotus nancymaae. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 166:884-894. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lawrence E. Williams
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia Pennsylvania19104
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8
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Wolovich CK, Tapanes E, Evans S. Allogrooming in Male-Female Pairs of Captive Owl Monkeys ( Aotus nancymaae). Folia Primatol (Basel) 2018; 88:483-496. [DOI: 10.1159/000485134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Poindexter SA, Nekaris K. Vertical clingers and gougers: Rapid acquisition of adult limb proportions facilitates feeding behaviours in young Javan slow lorises ( Nycticebus javanicus ). Mamm Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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10
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Zilkha N, Scott N, Kimchi T. Sexual Dimorphism of Parental Care: From Genes to Behavior. Annu Rev Neurosci 2017; 40:273-305. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-072116-031447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noga Zilkha
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Niv Scott
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Tali Kimchi
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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LARSON SAMM, COLCHERO FERNANDO, JONES OWENR, WILLIAMS LAWRENCE, FERNANDEZ-DUQUE EDUARDO. Age and sex-specific mortality of wild and captive populations of a monogamous pair-bonded primate (Aotus azarae). Am J Primatol 2016; 78:315-25. [PMID: 25866126 PMCID: PMC5611823 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In polygynous primates, a greater reproductive variance in males have been linked to their reduced life expectancy relative to females. The mortality patterns of monogamous pair-bonded primates, however, are less clear. We analyzed the sex differences in mortality within wild (NMales = 70, NFemales = 73) and captive (NMales = 25, NFemales = 29) populations of Azara's owl monkeys (Aotus azarae), a socially and genetically monogamous primate exhibiting biparental care. We used Bayesian Survival Trajectory Analysis (BaSTA) to test age-dependent models of mortality. The wild and captive populations were best fit by the logistic and Gompertz models, respectively, implying greater heterogeneity in the wild environment likely due to harsher conditions. We found that age patterns of mortality were similar between the sexes in both populations. We calculated life expectancy and disparity, the latter a measure of the steepness of senescence, for both sexes in each population. Males and females had similar life expectancies in both populations; the wild population overall having a shorter life expectancy than the captive one. Furthermore, captive females had a reduced life disparity relative to captive males and to both sexes in the wild. We interpret this pattern in light of the hazards associated with reproduction. In captivity, where reproduction is intensely managed, the risks associated with gestation and birth are tempered so that there is a reduction in the likelihood of captive females dying prematurely, decreasing their overall life disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- SAM M. LARSON
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - FERNANDO COLCHERO
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - OWEN R. JONES
- Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - LAWRENCE WILLIAMS
- Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, Bastrop, Texas
| | - EDUARDO FERNANDEZ-DUQUE
- Department of Anthropology, Yale, New Haven, Connecticut
- Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral, Conicet-Argentina, Argentina
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Formosa, Formosa, Argentina
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12
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Huck M, Van Lunenburg M, Dávalos V, Rotundo M, Di Fiore A, Fernandez-Duque E. Double effort: Parental behavior of wild Azara's owl monkeys in the face of twins. Am J Primatol 2014; 76:629-39. [PMID: 24395709 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In species of mammals that habitually bear single offspring, like most anthropoid primates, the occurrence of twins is expected to impose considerable energetic costs on the caretakers. The question then arises of how caregivers cope with the potentially increased costs of raising twins. These increased costs should lead to differing developmental rates in twins when compared to singletons, and/or to changes in the caregivers' behavior. Likewise, time budgets of parents of singletons are expected to differ from those of adults without offspring. Additionally, if twinning was an adaptive response to favorable ecological conditions, it should be more likely in years with high food abundance. Following the birth in 2011 of two sets of twins in a wild population of pair-living Azara's owl monkeys (Aotus azarae) in Northern Argentina, we used long-term demographic, behavioral, and phenological data to compare (a) the proportion of time that singleton and twin infants were carried by either parent; (b) adult time budgets and ranging behavior in groups with zero, one, or two infants; and (c) the availability of food in 2011 with food availability in other years. Twins, like singletons, were carried nearly exclusively by the male, and they were carried slightly more than singletons, suggesting a relatively inflexible pattern of infant care in the species. Time budgets showed that twin parents foraged more and moved less than singleton parents or groups without infants, despite the fact that phenological data indicate that fruit availability in 2011 was not substantially higher than in some of the other years. Overall, twinning thus presumably increased costs to breeders, especially males, but its effect on animals' long-term reproductive success remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Huck
- Department of Biological and Forensic Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
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Barbosa MN, Mota MTDS. Do newborn vocalizations affect the behavioral and hormonal responses of nonreproductive male common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)? Primates 2014; 55:293-302. [PMID: 24394953 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-013-0404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Parental care in mammals is influenced by sensory stimuli from infants, such as sight and sound, and by changes in the hormone levels of caretakers. To determine the responsiveness of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) adult males with and without previous experience in caretaking to newborn sensory cues, we exposed twelve males to infant vocalization recordings and assessed their hormonal and behavioral responses. Males were placed in the testing cage for 10 min under two conditions: (a) control condition (exposure to adult conspecific vocalization recordings), and (b) experimental condition (exposure to infant vocalization recordings). We recorded the frequency of approach towards the sound source, the time spent near it and locomotion frequency of males in the cage under both conditions. Blood samples were collected after each test for cortisol, measured by the enzyme immunoassay method. Infant vocalization affects the behavioral and hormonal responses of non-reproductive male common marmosets. All males approached and spent more time near the sound source and showed an increase in locomotion during infant vocalization exposure compared to the control condition. Successive exposure to infant vocalization increased the responsiveness in inexperienced males. Cortisol levels were significantly higher following infant vocalization exposure compared to the control condition. These findings support the assumption that sound stimuli from the newborn are critical in initiating and maintaining caretaker responsiveness and that cortisol seems to be important for alertness to sensory stimuli, modulating their motivation to interact with infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricele Nascimento Barbosa
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 1511, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Maria Teresa da Silva Mota
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 1511, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
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Are rainforest owl monkeys cathemeral? Diurnal activity of black-headed owl monkeys, Aotus nigriceps, at Manu Biosphere Reserve, Peru. Primates 2013; 55:19-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10329-013-0395-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fernandez-Duque E, Huck M. Till death (or an intruder) do us part: intrasexual-competition in a monogamous primate. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53724. [PMID: 23372665 PMCID: PMC3553134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygynous animals are often highly dimorphic, and show large sex-differences in the degree of intra-sexual competition and aggression, which is associated with biased operational sex ratios (OSR). For socially monogamous, sexually monomorphic species, this relationship is less clear. Among mammals, pair-living has sometimes been assumed to imply equal OSR and low frequency, low intensity intra-sexual competition; even when high rates of intra-sexual competition and selection, in both sexes, have been theoretically predicted and described for various taxa. Owl monkeys are one of a few socially monogamous primates. Using long-term demographic and morphological data from 18 groups, we show that male and female owl monkeys experience intense intra-sexual competition and aggression from solitary floaters. Pair-mates are regularly replaced by intruding floaters (27 female and 23 male replacements in 149 group-years), with negative effects on the reproductive success of both partners. Individuals with only one partner during their life produced 25% more offspring per decade of tenure than those with two or more partners. The termination of the pair-bond is initiated by the floater, and sometimes has fatal consequences for the expelled adult. The existence of floaters and the sporadic, but intense aggression between them and residents suggest that it can be misleading to assume an equal OSR in socially monogamous species based solely on group composition. Instead, we suggest that sexual selection models must assume not equal, but flexible, context-specific, OSR in monogamous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fernandez-Duque
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
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Fernandez-Duque E, Valeggia CR, Mendoza SP. The Biology of Paternal Care in Human and Nonhuman Primates. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANTHROPOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anthro-091908-164334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fernandez-Duque
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104;
- Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral-Conicet, Corrientes 3400, Argentina;
| | - Claudia R. Valeggia
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104;
- Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral-Conicet, Corrientes 3400, Argentina;
| | - Sally P. Mendoza
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616;
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Wolovich CK, Evans S, French JA. Dads do not pay for sex but do buy the milk: food sharing and reproduction in owl monkeys (Aotus spp.). Anim Behav 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wolovich CK, Perea-Rodriguez JP, Fernandez-Duque E. Food transfers to young and mates in wild owl monkeys (Aotus azarai). Am J Primatol 2008; 70:211-21. [PMID: 17849426 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Accounts of food sharing within natural populations of mammals have focused on transfers to offspring or transfers of food items that are difficult to obtain (such as meat). Five groups of socially monogamous owl monkeys (Aotus azarai azarai) in Formosa, Argentina were observed during 107 hr to determine the pattern of food sharing under natural conditions. There were a total of 42 social interactions involving food with food being transferred on eight occasions. Adult males transferred food to young more often than did adult females. All types of food that were readily obtained and eaten by all age/sex classes were transferred to young. Adult females also transferred food to their mates. This type of food sharing is very rare among animals and may have social benefits specific to monogamous mammals with paternal care.
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Fernandez-Duque E, Juárez CP, Di Fiore A. Adult male replacement and subsequent infant care by male and siblings in socially monogamous owl monkeys (Aotus azarai). Primates 2007; 49:81-4. [PMID: 17805482 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-007-0056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 06/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Owl monkeys (Aotus azarai) are small, territorial, socially monogamous primates that show intense infant care by the adult male in the group. It has been hypothesized that male care may be adaptive because it increases offspring survival and/or reduces the metabolic costs to the female of raising the offspring. Alternatively, males may provide care even when they are not related to the infants to increase future reproductive opportunities. We describe changes in infant care patterns that took place after the eviction of the resident male by a solitary male in an owl monkey population in the Argentinean Chaco. The resident male and mother provided all infant care during the first month of life of the infant, until the male was evicted. During the three-day male replacement event, care of the infant was shared among the mother, a four-year-old sister, and a one-year-old brother. The new male began contributing to infant care soon after entering the group, carrying, and interacting socially with the infant in much the same way as any male regularly does. However, despite receiving biparental care from both the original and new resident males, the infant disappeared at the age of four months and was presumed dead. These are the first reports of care by sibling and by non-putative fathers in wild owl monkeys. Given the significant amount of time that new pairs of owl monkeys spend before reproducing, it is possible that male care in owl monkeys functions as mating effort as much as or more than parenting effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fernandez-Duque
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, 431 University Museum, 3260 South Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Wolovich CK, Feged A, Evans S, Green SM. Social patterns of food sharing in monogamous owl monkeys. Am J Primatol 2006; 68:663-74. [PMID: 16541439 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Captive owl monkeys (Aotus nancymaae, A. azarai) share food frequently within both families and pairs. In this study food sharing was observed in seven mated pairs and four families (i.e., four mated pairs and their offspring). Patterns of food sharing were examined with respect to age class, sex, and the presence or absence of dependent offspring. Within families, most food transfers were from adult males to developing offspring. Adult males and females transferred food to their mates in caged pairs as well as in family units. Food interactions between adults are as likely to result in food transfers as those between adults and offspring. This pattern of food sharing between mates in a monogamous species may serve both nutritional and social functions that differ from those in polygamous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Wolovich
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
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Biben M. Eye contact and vocal responsiveness in squirrel monkey infants and their caregivers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/edp.2430030105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pospichal MW, Florence SL, Kaas JH. The postnatal development of geniculocortical axon arbors in owl monkeys. Vis Neurosci 1994; 11:71-90. [PMID: 7516701 DOI: 10.1017/s0952523800011123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To characterize the postnatal development of geniculocortical axon arbor morphology in owl monkeys at a series of ages from birth to adulthood, individual arbors were bulk-filled with HRP in brain slice preparations and were reconstructed from serial sections. At all ages, cortical layers and sublayers were obvious. Presumed M or magnocellular arbors were largely confined to layer IV alpha, but they also extended into layer IIIc (IVB of Brodmann, 1909); presumed P or parvocellular arbors were almost exclusively confined to layer IV beta. Other axons that may reflect feedback projections from MT terminated in layer IIIc. Overall, M axon arbors increased in size and complexity from birth to adulthood with mean surface-view arbor areas ranging from 0.08 +/- 0.01 mm2 in newborns to 0.24 +/- 0.02 mm2 in adults. The developing P arbor areas were, on average, as large or larger than adult (newborn = 0.07 +/- 0.01 mm2, adult = 0.047 +/- 0.01 mm2; n.s.) but the arbors were somewhat less complex. Since the brain and area 17 increase in size postnatally, the proportion of area 17 subserved by each P arbor would decrease in postnatal development. Terminal boutons with immature features were evident in both M and P populations at all developmental ages. The results indicate that, while both LGN axon types in monkeys undergo morphological changes postnatally, M arbors appear to mature by increasing arbor size and terminal branching complexity, whereas P arbors increase in complexity but not in size. These distinct programs of axon arbor development suggest that the periods of susceptibility of geniculocortical axon arbors to postnatal influences of the environment, and the types of plastic responses they potentially exhibit, are class-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Pospichal
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
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The allometry of behavioral development: fitting sigmoid curves to ontogenetic data for use in interspecific allometric analyses. J Hum Evol 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0047-2484(92)90105-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Anderson CM. Male investment under changing conditions among chacma baboons at Suikerbosrand. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 1992; 87:479-96. [PMID: 1580354 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330870408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Male investment in infant baboons was measured by frequency of carrying from 1978 through 1985. A series of hypotheses was generated and tested with the carrying data, based on the assumptions that: male baboons have some capacity to estimate likelihood of paternity; where paternity probability is greater, males will invest more, where potential benefits to males or infants are higher, males will invest more. Carrying was affected by probability of paternity, availability of estrous females, season of conception and season of carrying, infant age, subtrooping, and predation risk. Infants were carried by probable fathers, siblings, mothers' siblings, and unrelated "suitors." Male investment increased female reproductive fitness: carried infants were more likely to survive, and mothers of carried infants had shorter interbirth intervals. Males appeared to estimate paternity both by observed copulations by other males and by the likelihood that copulations could have occurred without being observed. Male care of infant baboons may also be affected by female choice among males, the distribution of probable infants in time, male tenure at alpha rank, the number of males per troop, the probability of infanticide, and energy demands. Subtrooping seems to be historically crucial, by initially creating a situation in which some males have high paternity certainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Anderson
- Department of Anthropology, Hartwick College, Oneonta, New York 13820
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Gould L. The social development of free-ranging infantLemur catta at Berenty reserve, Madagascar. INT J PRIMATOL 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02193002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Adult owl monkeys behaved aggressively when paired with unfamiliar members of the same sex. Males showed the greatest aggressive responses. When plugs containing bismuth iodoform paste were inserted into the nasal passages of male owl monkeys they fought less readily and showed less contact aggression. Although intermale aggression was not abolished anosmic males spent longer in proximity and showed an increase in olfactory inspections. Control experiments confirmed that the technique used to induce anosmia had blocked responsiveness to conspecific odours and that decreases in aggression were not due to discomfort or non-specific behavioral effects.
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Scientific Report 1979‐1981. J Zool (1987) 1982. [PMCID: PMC7166430 DOI: 10.1111/jzo.1982.197.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fragaszy DM, Schwarz S, Shimosaka D. Longitudinal observations of care and development of infant titi monkeys (Callicebus moloch). Am J Primatol 1982; 2:191-200. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/1981] [Accepted: 08/20/1981] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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DIXSON AF. Some observations on the reproductive physiology and behaviour of the Owl monkey in captivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1090.1982.tb02017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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