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Prentice MB, Bowman J, Murray DL, Klütsch CFC, Khidas K, Wilson PJ. Evaluating evolutionary history and adaptive differentiation to identify conservation units of Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis). Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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2
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Docampo M, Moreno S, Santoro S. Marked reduction in body size of a wood mouse population in less than 30 years. Mamm Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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3
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Marti I, Ryser-Degiorgis MP. Morphometric characteristics of free-ranging Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx in Switzerland and their suitability for age estimation. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Marti
- I. Marti and M.-P. Ryser-Degiorgis (http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1062-870X) (marie-pierre.ryser@vetsui
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Holmes MW, Boykins GKR, Bowie RCK, Lacey EA. Cranial morphological variation in Peromyscus maniculatus over nearly a century of environmental change in three areas of California. J Morphol 2015; 277:96-106. [PMID: 26511596 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Determining how species respond to prolonged environmental change is critical to understanding both their evolutionary biology and their conservation needs. In general, organisms can respond to changing environmental conditions by moving, by adapting in situ, or by going locally or globally extinct. Morphological changes, whether plastic or adaptive, are one way that species may respond in situ to local environmental change. Because cranial morphology is influenced by selective pressures arising from an organism's abiotic and biotic environments, including aspects of thermal physiology, diet, and sensory ecology, studies of cranial morphology may generate important insights into how species are responding to environmental change. To assess potential response of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) to changing conditions in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, we quantified cranial variation in museum specimens of this species collected approximately 100 years apart. Specifically, we examined how cranial morphology varies in three populations of this geographically widespread, ecological generalist over elevation and time. Our analyses indicate that cranial morphology does not differ with elevation within either modern or historical samples but does vary between time periods, suggesting that in situ responses to environmental change have occurred. Contrary to predictions based on Bergmann's rule, we found no consistent relationship between body size and either elevation or time, suggesting that morphological differences detected between historic and modern specimens are specific to factors influencing cranial structure. Collectively, these analyses demonstrate the potential importance of in situ changes in morphology as a response to changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Holmes
- Department of Biology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, South Carolina, 29528.,Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720
| | | | - Rauri C K Bowie
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720
| | - Eileen A Lacey
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720
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Khidas K, Duhaime J, Huynh HM. Morphological Divergence of Continental and Island Populations of Canada Lynx. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2013. [DOI: 10.1656/045.020.0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pertoldi C, Sonne C, Wiig Ø, Baagøe HJ, Loeschcke V, Bechshøft TØ. East Greenland and Barents Sea polar bears (Ursus maritimus): adaptive variation between two populations using skull morphometrics as an indicator of environmental and genetic differences. Hereditas 2012; 149:99-107. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2012.02259.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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8
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Ibáñez B, Moreno E, Barbosa A. No inbreeding effects on body size in two captive endangered gazelles. Mamm Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Pertoldi C, Sonne C, Dietz R, Schmidt NM, Loeschcke V. Craniometric characteristics of polar bear skulls from two periods with contrasting levels of industrial pollution and sea ice extent. J Zool (1987) 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00625.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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López G, López-Parra M, Fernández L, Martínez-Granados C, Martínez F, Meli ML, Gil-Sánchez JM, Viqueira N, Díaz-Portero MA, Cadenas R, Lutz H, Vargas A, Simón MA. Management measures to control a feline leukemia virus outbreak in the endangered Iberian lynx. Anim Conserv 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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11
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Kleijn D, Raemakers I. A retrospective analysis of pollen host plant use by stable and declining bumble bee species. Ecology 2008; 89:1811-23. [PMID: 18705369 DOI: 10.1890/07-1275.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding population declines has been the objective of a wide range of ecological studies. When species have become rare such studies are complicated because particular behavior or life history traits may be the cause but also the result of the decline of a species. We approached this problem by studying species' characteristics on specimens that were collected before the onset of their decline and preserved in natural history museums. In northwestern Europe, some bumble bee species declined dramatically during the 20th century whereas other, ecologically similar, species maintained stable populations. A long-standing debate focuses on whether this is caused by declining species having stricter host plant preferences. We compared the composition of pollen loads of five bumble bee species with stable populations and five with declining populations using museum specimens collected before 1950 in Belgium, England, and The Netherlands. Prior to 1950, the number of plant taxa in pollen loads of declining species was almost one-third lower than that in stable species even though individuals of stable and declining species generally originated from the same areas. There were no systematic differences in the composition of pollen loads between stable and declining species, but the plant taxa preferred by declining species before 1950 had experienced a stronger decline in the 20th century than those preferred by stable species. In 2004 and 2005, we surveyed the areas where bumble bees had been caught in the past and compared the composition of past and present pollen loads of the stable, but not of the by now locally extinct declining species. The number of collected pollen taxa was similar, but the composition differed significantly between the two periods. Differences in composition reflected the major changes in land use in northwestern Europe but also the spread of the invasive plant species Impatiens glandulifera. The main question now is why declining species apparently were not able to switch to less preferred food plants when stable species were. This study shows that natural history collections can play an important role in improving our understanding of the ecological mechanisms driving species population change.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kleijn
- Alterra, Centre for Ecosystem Studies, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Bechshøft TØ, Sonne C, Rigét FF, Wiig Ø, Dietz R. Differences in growth, size and sexual dimorphism in skulls of East Greenland and Svalbard polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Polar Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-008-0435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Andersen DH, Pertoldi C, Loeschcke V, Cavicchi S, Scali V. The impact of genetic parental distance on developmental stability and fitness in Drosophila buzzatii. Genetica 2007; 134:223-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-007-9229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2007] [Accepted: 11/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Keyghobadi N. The genetic implications of habitat fragmentation for animalsThis review is one of a series dealing with some aspects of the impact of habitat fragmentation on animals and plants. This series is one of several virtual symposia focussing on ecological topics that will be published in the Journal from time to time. CAN J ZOOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1139/z07-095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has seen a rapid increase in the number of studies dealing with the genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation, in large part because of the increasing accessibility of techniques for assessing molecular genetic variation in wild populations. This body of work is extremely diverse and encompasses a variety of approaches that define and measure both habitat fragmentation and its potential genetic impacts. Here, I summarize the main questions that are being addressed, and approaches being taken, in empirical studies of the genetic impacts of habitat fragmentation in animals. Considerable effort has been spent in documenting how levels of genetic diversity, and the spatial distribution of that diversity, are altered by habitat fragmentation. However, proportionately less effort has been invested in directly examining specific genetic and evolutionary processes that may affect the persistence of populations inhabiting fragmented landscapes: inbreeding depression, the loss of adaptive potential, and the accumulation of deleterious mutations. One area in which considerable progress has been made over the past decade is in the development and application of novel methods for inferring demographic and landscape ecological characteristics of animals, particularly dispersal patterns, using genetic tools. In this area, a significant integration of genetic and ecological approaches in the study of fragmented populations is occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusha Keyghobadi
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, BGS 234a, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada (e-mail: )
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Lomolino MV, Perault DR. Body size variation of mammals in a fragmented, temperate rainforest. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2007; 21:1059-69. [PMID: 17650255 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Body size is perhaps the most important trait of an organism, affecting all of its physiological and ecological processes and, therefore, fundamentally influencing its ability to survive and reproduce in different environments, including those that have been modified by human activities. We tested the hypothesis that anthropogenic transformation of old-growth forest landscapes can result in significant intraspecific changes in body size of resident biotas. We collected data on five species of nonvolant mammals (common deer mouse[Peromyscus maniculatus], northwestern deer mouse[P. keeni], southern red-backed vole[Clethrionomys gapperi], montane shrew[Sorex monticolus], and Trowbridge's shrew[S. trowbridgii]) to test whether body size (mass and length) of these species varied across types of land cover (macrohabitats) and along elevational gradients of the fragmented, temperate rainforest of Olympic National Forest (Washington, U.S.A.). We measured 2168 and 1134 individuals for body mass and body length, respectively. Three species (P. keeni, S. monticolus, and S. trowbridgii) exhibited significantly different body size among macrohabitats: individuals from fragments were smaller than those in old-growth corridors and those in more extensive stands of old-growth forest. Body size of P. keeni was significantly correlated with elevation along corridors, peaking near the medial reaches of the corridors. The effects of anthropogenic transformations of this landscape of old-growth, temperate rainforest, although not universal among the five species, were significant and rapid-developing in just a few decades following tree harvests. Thus, anthropogenic fragmentation may influence not only the diversity, species composition, and densities of local biotas, but also one of the most fundamental and defining characteristics of native species-their body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark V Lomolino
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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Genotypic and phenotypic consequences of reintroduction history in the black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes). CONSERV GENET 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-007-9351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Andersen DH, Pertoldi C, Loeschcke V, Cavicchi S, Scali V. Divergence at neutral and non-neutral loci in Drosophila buzzatii populations and their hybrids. Evol Ecol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-007-9184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Effects of temperature and maternal and grandmaternal age on wing shape in parthenogenetic Drosophila mercatorum. J Therm Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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PERTOLDI CINO, NORUP ANNEMETTE, MADSEN AKSELBO, BAAGOE HANSJØRGEN, RANDI ETTORE, LOESCHCKE VOLKER. No evidence of past bottlenecks in two Danish mustelids: results of craniometric and genetic studies in time and space. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pertoldi C, Kristensen TN, Andersen DH, Loeschcke V. Developmental instability as an estimator of genetic stress. Heredity (Edinb) 2006; 96:122-7. [PMID: 16333301 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To set conservation priorities, scientists should be able to assess the relative threats posed by the effects of loss of genetic variability, inbreeding and outbreeding as these can generate 'genetic stress'. Developmental instability (DI) has been suggested as an indicator of stress, possibly being more sensitive than other measures. However, there is controversy as to whether DI is an accurate and reliable tool for assessing the degree of genetic stress. After 50 years of the presentation of Lerner's conjecture, there are still several unresolved questions about the relationship between DI and genetic stress. Here, we review studies on mechanisms behind DI. The current status on the use of DI as an indicator of genetic stress is discussed, and suggestions are presented on how to obtain more knowledge on the potential of DI in an evolutionary context.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pertoldi
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade, Building 540, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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