Reported seizures in early childhood: a 14-year follow-up

Causes and associations of severe and persistent specific speech and language disorders in children

Eighty-two school-age children with severe and persistent specific speech and language disorders were studied. 71 had specific developmental language disorders, three had structural malformations (cleft palate) and eight had disorders acquired after a period of normal language development, including five with Landau-Kleffner syndrome. The sex ratio was 3.8 boys to one girl. Nearly half had a family history of speech-language disorder, with one in 5.2 affected siblings. Aetiological factors were found in 26 per cent: 11 per cent prenatal, 3 per cent perinatal and 12 per cent postnatal. 21 per cent had had a seizure and 7 per cent had had seizures after the age of eight. 29 per cent were left-handed, 90 per cent were clumsy and 22 per cent first walked after 18 months. The complex origins of specific speech and language disorders are discussed.

Intention to treat febrile convulsions with rectal diazepam, valproate or phenobarbitone

One hundred and eighty-six consecutive children aged between six and 72 months admitted to the Manchester Children's Hospitals with a febrile convulsion in the first year of life, a complicated febrile convulsion, or more than one febrile convulsion within two years, were allocated randomly to one of three groups who were offered rectal diazepam in the event of a subsequent prolonged febrile convulsion, or prophylactic treatment with sodium valproate or phenobarbitone. Over-all risk of recurrence was 30 per cent and adequate prophylactic treatment did not lessen this risk. Side-effects in 24 per cent of the valproate group and 61 per cent of the phenobarbitone group did not justify the use of prophylactic treatment.