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Xu F, Zhang W, Wang Y, Tian X, Chu J. Enhancing and monitoring spore production in Clostridium butyricum using pH-based regulation strategy and a robust soft sensor based on back-propagation neural networks. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:551-565. [PMID: 37921467 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium butyricum is a probiotic that forms anaerobic spores and plays a crucial role in regulating gut microbiota. However, the total viable cell count and spore yield of C. butyricum in industrial production are comparatively low. To this end, we investigated the metabolic characteristics of the strain and proposed three distinct pH regulation strategies for enhancing spore production. In addition, precise measurement of fermentation parameters such as substrate concentration, total viable cell count, and spore concentration is crucial for successful industrial probiotics production. Nevertheless, online measurement of these intricate parameters in the fermentation of C. butyricum poses a considerable challenge owing to the complex, nonlinear, multivariate, and strongly coupled characteristics of the production process. Therefore, we analyzed the capacitance and conductivity acquired from a viable cell sensor as the core parameters for the fermentation process. Subsequently, a robust soft sensor was developed using a seven-input back-propagation neural network model with input variables of fermentation time, capacitance, conductivity, pH, initial total sugar concentration, ammonium ion concentration, and calcium ion concentration. The model enables the online monitoring of total viable biomass count, substrate concentrations, and spore yield, and can be extended to similar fermentation processes with pH changes as a characteristic feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Dane H, Koidis A, Stewart LD, Grant IR. Optimisation of the composition of a solid culture medium for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis using Factorial design and Response surface methodology. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:4252-4265. [PMID: 35261128 PMCID: PMC9320839 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aim To develop an optimized solid culture medium for improved growth of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Methods and results Seven medium constituents (factors) were assessed at various concentrations for their ability to positively affect MAP growth. The factors tested were Tween 80, egg yolk, casitone, taurocholic acid, Mycobactin J, agar and either OADC or ADC supplement. After an initial screening of individual factors, a fractional factorial design and a response surface methodology (RSM) central composite design were used to assess the effects of multiple factors simultaneously and design a new solid culture medium. MAP growth became visible on streak plates of the optimized solid medium 2 weeks earlier than on Herrold's egg yolk medium (HEYM). Conclusions MAP grew faster on the optimized solid medium than on HEYM. It consisted of Middlebrook 7H9 broth with 1.0% Tween 80, 0.019% casitone, 1.4% bacteriological agar, 10% egg yolk, 10% ADC and 1.65 μg ml−1 Mycobactin J. Significance and impact of the study This is the first study to use an RSM approach to optimize the composition of a solid medium for MAP culture. The new medium could improve MAP culture in future by reducing incubation times and increasing MAP colony numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Dane
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasios Koidis
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Linda D Stewart
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Irene R Grant
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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A refined medium to enhance the antimicrobial activity of postbiotic produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RS5. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7617. [PMID: 33828119 PMCID: PMC8027010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Postbiotic RS5, produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RS5, has been identified as a promising alternative feed supplement for various livestock. This study aimed to lower the production cost by enhancing the antimicrobial activity of the postbiotic RS5 by improving the culture density of L. plantarum RS5 and reducing the cost of growth medium. A combination of conventional and statistical-based approaches (Fractional Factorial Design and Central Composite Design of Response Surface Methodology) was employed to develop a refined medium for the enhancement of the antimicrobial activity of postbiotic RS5. A refined medium containing 20 g/L of glucose, 27.84 g/L of yeast extract, 5.75 g/L of sodium acetate, 1.12 g/L of Tween 80 and 0.05 g/L of manganese sulphate enhanced the antimicrobial activity of postbiotic RS5 by 108%. The cost of the production medium was reduced by 85% as compared to the commercially available de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe medium that is typically used for Lactobacillus cultivation. Hence, the refined medium has made the postbiotic RS5 more feasible and cost-effective to be adopted as a feed supplement for various livestock industries.
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Encapsulation of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum Strain G4 within Bovine Gelatin-Genipin-Sodium Alginate Combinations: Optimisation Approach Using Face Central Composition Design-Response Surface Methodology (FCCD-RSM). Int J Microbiol 2019; 2019:4208986. [PMID: 31093290 PMCID: PMC6481096 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4208986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine gelatin is a biopolymer which has good potential to be used in encapsulating matrices for probiotic candidate Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum strain G4 (G4) because of its amphoteric nature characteristic. Beads were prepared by the extrusion method using genipin and sodium alginate as a cross-linking agent. The optimisation of bovine gelatin-genipin-sodium alginate combinations was carried out using face central composition design (FCCD) to investigate G4 beads' strength, before and after exposed to simulated gastric (SGF), intestinal fluids (SIF), and encapsulation yield. A result of ANOVA and the polynomial regression model revealed the combinations of all three factors have a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the bead strength. Meanwhile, for G4 encapsulation yield, only genipin showed less significant effect on the response. However, the use of this matrix remained due to the intermolecular cross-linking ability with bovine gelatin. Optimum compositions of bovine gelatin-genipin-sodium alginate were obtained at 11.21% (w/v), 1.96 mM, and 2.60% (w/v), respectively. A model was validated for accurate prediction of the response and showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) with experimental values.
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Liu L, Zeng D, Yang M, Wen B, Lai J, Zhou Y, Sun H, Xiong L, Wang J, Lin Y, Pan K, Jing B, Wang P, Ni X. Probiotic Clostridium butyricum Improves the Growth Performance, Immune Function, and Gut Microbiota of Weaning Rex Rabbits. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 11:1278-1292. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kumar SS, Haridas M, Sabu A. Process optimization for production of a fibrinolytic enzyme from newly isolated marine bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa KU1. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nithya K, Muthukumar C, Kadaikunnan S, Alharbi NS, Khaled JM, Dhanasekaran D. Purification, characterization, and statistical optimization of a thermostable α-amylase from desert actinobacterium Streptomyces fragilis DA7-7. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:350. [PMID: 28955647 PMCID: PMC5614901 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, preliminary screening revealed that of 134 desert soil actinobacterial isolates, only 43 isolates produced amylase. Among these, an isolate DA7-7, which was identified as Streptomyces fragilis DA7-7, showed a prominent zone of clearance and significant amount of α-amylase production. The pre-optimization studies showed varying physicochemical and nutrients properties of the medium influenced the enzyme production significantly. Consequently, central composite design was employed with the selected variables (pH, temperature, dextrose, and peptone) for α-amylase production. The optimum fermentation conditions were 3.07% dextrose, 1.085% peptone, pH 6.0, and incubation temperature 27.27 °C. The predicted optimum α-amylase activity was 991.82 U/mL/min, which was similar to the experimental amylase activity of 973.5 U/mL/min. The crude α-amylase produced by S. fragilis DA7-7 was purified with ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by gel filtration chromatography, and the estimated molecular mass was 51 kDa. The purified α-amylase was stable under the following conditions: pH (4-9), temperature (40-80 °C), NaCl (1-4 M), and detergents (1-10 mM). The Km and Vmax values of enzyme were found to be 0.624 mU/mg and 0.836 mg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnasamy Nithya
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024 India
| | - Chinnasamy Muthukumar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024 India
| | - Shine Kadaikunnan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyf S. Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal M. Khaled
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Dharumadurai Dhanasekaran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024 India
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Kandasamy S, Muthusamy G, Balakrishnan S, Duraisamy S, Thangasamy S, Seralathan KK, Chinnappan S. Optimization of protease production from surface-modified coffee pulp waste and corncobs using Bacillus sp. by SSF. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:167. [PMID: 28330239 PMCID: PMC4987632 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to identify new sources of substrate from agro-industrial waste for protease production using Bacillus sp., a local bacteria isolated from an agro-waste dumping site. The strain was identified as Bacillus sp. BT MASC 3 by 16S rRNA sequence followed by phylogenic analysis. Response surface methodology-based Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the variables such as pH, incubation time, coffee pulp waste (CPW) and corncob (CC) substrate concentration. The BBD design showed a reasonable adjustment of the quadratic model with the experimental data. Statistics-based contour and 3-D plots were generated to evaluate the changes in the response surface and understand the relationship between the culture conditions and the enzyme yield. The maximum yield of protease production (920 U/mL) was achieved after 60 h of incubation with 3.0 g/L of CPW and 2.0 g/L of CC at pH 8 and temperature 37 °C in this study. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was 46 kDa. The highest activity was obtained at 50 °C and pH 9 for the purified enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvam Kandasamy
- Centre for Biotechnology, Muthayammal College of Arts and Science, Rasipuram, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, 637 408, India
| | - Govarthanan Muthusamy
- Department of Applied Sciences, College of Environmental Technology, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto, Muroran, Hokkaido, 050-8585, Japan
| | - Senthilkumar Balakrishnan
- Centre for Biotechnology, Muthayammal College of Arts and Science, Rasipuram, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, 637 408, India.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 235, Harar, Ethiopia.
| | - Senbagam Duraisamy
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Selvankumar Thangasamy
- PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Kalippatti, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, 637501, India.
| | - Kamala-Kannan Seralathan
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 570752, South Korea
| | - Sudhakar Chinnappan
- PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Kalippatti, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, 637501, India
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Biohydrogen Production from Hydrolysates of Selected Tropical Biomass Wastes with Clostridium Butyricum. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27205. [PMID: 27251222 PMCID: PMC4890049 DOI: 10.1038/srep27205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biohydrogen production has received widespread attention from researchers in industry and academic fields. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to evaluate the effects of several key variables in anaerobic fermentation of glucose with Clostridium butyrium, and achieved the highest production rate and yield of hydrogen. Highest H2 yield of 2.02 mol H2/mol-glucose was achieved from 24 h bottle fermentation of glucose at 35 °C, while the composition of medium was (g/L): 15.66 glucose, 6.04 yeast extract, 4 tryptone, 3 K2HPO4, 3 KH2PO4, 0.05 L-cysteine, 0.05 MgSO4·7H2O, 0.1 MnSO4·H2O and 0.3 FeSO4·7H2O, which was very different from that for cell growth. Sugarcane bagasse and Jatropha hulls were selected as typical tropical biomass wastes to produce sugars via a two-step acid hydrolysis for hydrogen production. Under the optimized fermentation conditions, H2 yield (mol H2/mol-total reducing sugar) was 2.15 for glucose, 2.06 for bagasse hydrolysate and 1.95 for Jatropha hull hydrolysate in a 3L fermenter for 24 h at 35 °C, with H2 purity of 49.7–64.34%. The results provide useful information and basic data for practical use of tropical plant wastes to produce hydrogen.
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Multiple Parameter Optimization for Maximization of Pectinase Production by Rhizopus sp. C4 under Solid State Fermentation. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation2020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Vijayaraghavan P, Arun A, Vincent SGP, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA. Cow Dung Is a Novel Feedstock for Fibrinolytic Enzyme Production from Newly Isolated Bacillus sp. IND7 and Its Application in In Vitro Clot Lysis. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:361. [PMID: 27065952 PMCID: PMC4810022 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial fibrinolytic enzymes find great applications to treat and prevent cardiovascular diseases. The novel fibrinolytic enzymes from food grade organisms are useful for thrombolytic therapy. This study reports fibrinolytic enzyme production by Bacillus sp. IND7 in solid-state fermentation (SSF). In this study, cow dung was used as the cheap substrate for the production of fibrinolytic enzyme. Enzyme production was primarily improved by optimizing the nutrient and physical factors by one-variable-at-a-time approach. A statistical method (two-level full factorial design) was applied to investigate the significant variables. Of the different variables, pH, starch, and beef extract significantly influenced on the production of fibrinolytic enzyme (p < 0.05). The optimum levels of these significant factors were further investigated using response surface methodology. The optimum conditions for enhanced fibrinolytic enzyme production were 1.23% (w/w) starch and 0.3% (w/w) beef extract with initial medium pH 9.0. Under the optimized conditions, cow dung substrate yielded 8,345 U/g substrate, and an overall 2.5-fold improvement in fibrinolytic enzyme production was achieved due to its optimization. This is the first report of fibrinolytic enzyme production using cow dung substrate from Bacillus sp. in SSF. The crude enzyme displayed potent activity on zymography and digested goat blood clot completely in in vitro condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnuswamy Vijayaraghavan
- International Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar UniversityRajakkamangalam, India
| | | | - Samuel Gnana Prakash Vincent
- International Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar UniversityRajakkamangalam, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang L, Cao GT, Zeng XF, Zhou L, Ferket PR, Xiao YP, Chen AG, Yang CM. Effects of Clostridium butyricum on growth performance, immune function, and cecal microflora in broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli K88. Poult Sci 2014; 93:46-53. [PMID: 24570422 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricumon growth performance, immune function, and cecal microflora in broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli K88. Three hundred sixty 1-d-old broiler chickens were randomly divided into 4 treatments: negative control (NC) birds were fed a basal diet and not challenged with E. coli K88; positive control (PC) birds were fed a basal diet and challenged with E. coli K88; C. butyricum treatment (CB) birds were fed a diet containing 2 × 10(7) cfu C. butyricum/kg of diet and challenged with E. coli K88; and colistin sulfate treatment (CS) birds were fed a diet containing 20 mg of colistin sulfate/kg of diet and challenged with E. coli K88. Birds fed CB had greater (P < 0.05) BW than the PC birds from 3 to 21 d postchallenge. Birds fed CB had greater (P < 0.05) serum IgA and IgY at 14 d postchallenge, greater (P < 0.05) serum IgM at 21 d postchallenge, and greater (P < 0.05) mucosal secreted IgA at 3 and 7 d postchallenge than the PC birds. Birds fed CB had greater concentrations of serum complement component 3 at 14 d postchallenge, and greater (P < 0.05) concentrations of serum complement component 4 at 3, 7, and 14 d postchallenge than the PC birds. Birds in the CS or CB treatments had less cecal E. coli population at 3, 7, and 21 d postchallenge, and less cecal Clostridium perfringens counts at 21 d postchallenge compared with the PC birds. The CB treatment increased (P < 0.05) the population of cecal Lactobacillus at 3 d postchallenge and the number of cecal Bifidobacterium at 3, 14, and 21 d postchallenge in comparison with the PC treatment. The results indicate that dietary supplementation of CB promotes growth performance, improves immune function, and benefits the cecal microflora in Escherichia coli K88-challenged chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, China
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13
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Optimization for the maximum bacteriocin production of Lactobacillus brevis DF01 using response surface methodology. Food Sci Biotechnol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-012-0085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Efremenko EN, Nikolskaya AB, Lyagin IV, Senko OV, Makhlis TA, Stepanov NA, Maslova OV, Mamedova F, Varfolomeev SD. Production of biofuels from pretreated microalgae biomass by anaerobic fermentation with immobilized Clostridium acetobutylicum cells. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 114:342-348. [PMID: 22483558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to study the possible use of pretreated biomass of various microalgae and cyanobacteria as substrates for acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum cells immobilized into poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel. To this end, the biochemical composition of photosynthetic microorganisms cultivated under various conditions was studied. The most efficient technique for pretreating microalgal biomass for its subsequent conversion into biofuels appeared to be thermal decomposition at 108 °C. For the first time the maximum productivity of the ABE fermentation in terms of hydrogen (8.5 mmol/L medium/day) was obtained using pretreated biomass of Nannochloropsis sp. Maximum yields of butanol and ethanol were observed with Arthrospira platensis biomass used as the substrate. Immobilized Clostridium cells were demonstrated to be suitable for multiple reuses (for a minimum of five cycles) in ABE fermentation for producing biofuels from pretreated microalgal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Efremenko
- Institute of Biochemical Physics, RAS, Kosygin Str. 4, Moscow 119334, Russia.
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Sangkharak K. Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis for ethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of wastepaper. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2011; 29:1134-1144. [PMID: 21242181 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x10387656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the development of high sugar production by optimization of an enzymatic hydrolysis process using both conventional and statistical methods, as well as the production of ethanol by the selected wastepaper source. Among four sources of pretreated wastepaper including office paper, newspaper, handbills and cardboard, office paper gave the highest values of cellulose (87.12%) and holocelluloses (89.07%). The effects of the amount of wastepaper, the pretreatment method and the type of enzyme on reducing sugar production from office paper were studied using conventional methods. The highest reducing sugar production (1851.28 µg L(-1); 37.03% conversion of glucose) was obtained from the optimal condition containing 40 mg of office paper, pretreated with stream explosion and hydrolysed with the combination of cellulase from Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride at the fixed loading rate of 20 FPU g(-1) sample. The effects of interaction of wastepaper amount and enzyme concentration as well as incubation time were studied by a statistical method using central composite design. The optimal medium composition consisted of 43.97 µg L(-1), 28.14 FPU g(-1) sample and 53.73 h of wastepaper, enzyme concentration and incubation time, respectively, and gave the highest amount of sugar production (2184.22 µg L(-1)) and percentage conversion of glucose (43.68%). The ethanol production from pretreated office paper using Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process was 21.02 g L(-1) after 36 h of cultivation, corresponding to an ethanol volumetric production rate of 0.58 g ethanol L(-1) h(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokphorn Sangkharak
- Plant Biochemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phattalung, Thailand.
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Park YL, Lee NK, Park KK, Park YH, Kim JM, Nam HM, Jung SC, Paik HD. Medium Optimization for Pediocin SA131 Production by Pediococcus pentosaceus SA131 against Bovine Mastitis Using Response Surface Methodology. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2010. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2010.30.1.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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17
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Gao X, Qiao S, Lu W. Determination of an economical medium for growth ofLactobacillus fermentumusing response surface methodology. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009; 49:556-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2009.02705.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Statistical optimization of α-amylase production by Bacillus brevis MTCC 7521 in solid-state fermentation using cassava bagasse. Biologia (Bratisl) 2009. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-009-0160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Swain MR, Kar S, Ray RC. Exo-polygalacturonase production by Bacillus subtilis CM5 in solid state fermentation using cassava bagasse. Braz J Microbiol 2009; 40:636-48. [PMID: 24031409 PMCID: PMC3768540 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220090003000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 05/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to study the effect of Bacillus subtilis CM5 in solid state fermentation using cassava bagasse for production of exo-polygalacturonase (exo-PG). Response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effect of four main variables, i.e. incubation period, initial medium pH, moisture holding capacity (MHC) and incubation temperature on enzyme production. A full factorial Central Composite Design was applied to study these main factors that affected exo-PG production. The experimental results showed that the optimum incubation period, pH, MHC and temperature were 6 days, 7.0, 70% and 50°C, respectively for optimum exo-PG production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas R Swain
- Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (Regional Centre) , Bhubaneswar - 751019 , India
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Shuhaimi M, Kabeir BM, Yazid AM, Nazrul Somchit M. Synbiotics growth optimization of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum G4 with prebiotics using a statistical methodology. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 106:191-8. [PMID: 19054238 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03991.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study demonstrated the optimum growth of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum G4 with prebiotics via statistical model. METHODS AND RESULTS Commercial prebiotics [inulin and fructooligosaccharide (FOS)], together with sorbitol, arabinan and inoculum rate, were tested by fractional factorial design to determine their impact on growth of Bif. pseudocatenulatum G4 in skim milk. At 48 h incubation, bacterial growth was mainly influenced by FOS and inoculum rate. Growth reduction was observed in all samples incubated for 72 h. Central composite design (CCD) was adopted using FOS and inoculum rate at 48 h incubation to develop the statistical model for optimization. The model predicted that 2.461 log CFU ml(-1) produced the optimum growth increase of Bif. pseudocatenulatum G4. The combination that produced the optimum point was 2.86% FOS (g/v) and 0.67% inoculum rate (v/v). CONCLUSION At optimum combination of inoculum rate and FOS, validation experiments recorded 2.40 +/- 10.02 log CFU ml(-1). The application in 1-l bioreactor for 24 h showed higher growth increase of 2.95 log CFU ml(-1). SIGNIFICANT AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Response surface methodology approach is useful to develop optimum synbiotics combination for strain G4 with FOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shuhaimi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Swain MR, Ray RC. Alpha-amylase production byBacillus subtilis CM3 in solid state fermentation using cassava fibrous residue. J Basic Microbiol 2007; 47:417-25. [PMID: 17910107 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.200710132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In extraction of starch from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), one of the major solid waste released is fibrous residues which constitute 15-20% by weight of the cassava chips/tuber processed. Production of alpha -amylase under solid state fermentation by Bacillus subtilis CM3 has been investigated using cassava fibrous residue. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the effect of the main variables, i.e. incubation period, initial medium pH, moisture holding capacity and temperature on enzyme production. A full factorial Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to study these main factors that affected alpha -amylase production. The experimental results showed that the optimum incubation period, initial medium pH, moisture holding capacity and temperature were 6 days, 8.0, 70% and 50 degrees C, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Swain
- Central Tuber Crops Research Institute Regional Centre, Dumuduma Housing Board, Bhubaneswar, India
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Preetha R, Jayaprakash NS, Philip R, Bright Singh IS. Optimization of carbon and nitrogen sources and growth factors for the production of an aquaculture probiotic (Pseudomonas MCCB 103) using response surface methodology. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 102:1043-51. [PMID: 17381748 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop a new medium for enhanced production of biomass of an aquaculture probiotic Pseudomonas MCCB 103 and its antagonistic phenazine compound, pyocyanin. METHODS AND RESULTS Carbon and nitrogen sources and growth factors, such as amino acids and vitamins, were screened initially in a mineral medium for the biomass and antagonistic compound of Pseudomonas MCCB 103. The selected ingredients were further optimized using a full-factorial central composite design of the response surface methodology. The medium optimized as per the model for biomass contained mannitol (20 g l(-1)), glycerol (20 g l(-1)), sodium chloride (5 g l(-1)), urea (3.3 g l(-1)) and mineral salts solution (20 ml l(-1)), and the one optimized for the antagonistic compound contained mannitol (2 g l(-1)), glycerol (20 g l(-1)), sodium chloride (5.1 g l(-1)), urea (3.6 g l(-1)) and mineral salts solution (20 ml l(-1)). Subsequently, the model was validated experimentally with a biomass increase by 19% and fivefold increase of the antagonistic compound. CONCLUSION Significant increase in the biomass and antagonistic compound production could be obtained in the new media. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Media formulation and optimization are the primary steps involved in bioprocess technology, an attempt not made so far in the production of aquaculture probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Preetha
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India
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Kong Q, He GQ, Chen F, Ruan H. Studies on a kinetic model for butyric acid bioproduction by Clostridium butyricum. Lett Appl Microbiol 2006; 43:71-7. [PMID: 16834724 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2006.01902.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This paper discusses the establishment of a kinetic model for cell growth, butyric acid production and substrate consumption of Clostridium butyricum ZJUCB in batch cultivation. METHODS AND RESULTS Mathematic simulations were proposed by the logistic equation for the cell growth, the Luedeking-Piret equation for butyric acid production and the Luedeking-Piret-like equation for glucose consumption. CONCLUSION We compared the performance of our model against that obtained by the empirically experimental design. The experiment-validated model was found suitable for studying butyric acid fermentation kinetics in a complex dynamic behaviour of C. butyricum, especially for its singular growth phenomenon. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The model parameters are estimated from the data fitting and evaluated for simulation of the time courses of the concentrations of cell biomass, butyric acid and glucose and the model appears to fit the experimental data well. The results may be useful for butyric acid production by microbial fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Kong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Chang SW, Shieh CJ, Lee GC, Akoh CC, Shaw JF. Optimized Growth Kinetics of Pichia pastoris and Recombinant Candida rugosa LIP1 Production by RSM. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 11:28-40. [PMID: 16825788 DOI: 10.1159/000092817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A predictive model for Pichia pastoris expression of highly active recombinant Candida rugosa LIP1 was developed by combining the Gompertz function and response surface methodology (RSM) to evaluate the effect of yeast extract concentration, glucose concentration, temperature, and pH on specific responses. Each of the responses (maximum population densities, specific growth rate (mumax), protein concentration, and minimum lag phase duration) was determined using the modified Gompertz function. RSM and 4-factor-5-level central composite rotatable design (CCRD) were adopted to evaluate the effects of growth parameters, such as temperature (21.6-38.4 degrees C), glucose concentration (0.3-3.7%), yeast extract (0.16-1.84%), and pH (5.3-8.7) on the responses of P. pastoris growth kinetics. Based on ridge maximum analysis, the optimum population density conditions were: temperature 24.4 degrees C, glucose concentration 2.0%, yeast extract 1.5%, and pH 7.6. The optimum specific growth rate conditions were: temperature 28.9 degrees C, glucose concentration 2.0%, yeast extract 1.1%, and pH 6.9. The optimum protein concentration conditions were: temperature 24.2 degrees C, glucose concentration 1.9%, yeast extract 1.5%, and pH 7.6. Based on ridge minimum analysis, the minimal lag phase conditions were: temperature 32.3 degrees C, glucose concentration 2.1%, yeast extract 1.1%, and pH 5.4. For the predicted value, the maximum population density, specific growth rate, protein concentration, and minimum lag phase duration were 15.7 mg/ml, 3.4 h(-1), 0.78 mg/ml, and 4.2 h, and the actual values were 14.3 +/- 3.5 mg/ml, 3.6 +/- 0.6 h(-1), 0.72 +/- 0.2 mg/ml, and 4.4 +/- 1.6 h, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wei Chang
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
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