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Teramura H, Sanga S, Kodama K. Possible solution of capturing viable Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) in clinical patient stool. JOURNAL OF MICROORGANISM CONTROL 2023; 28:129-134. [PMID: 37866895 DOI: 10.4265/jmc.28.3_129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
For clinical diagnosis of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), it needs to capture viable EHEC cells from stool sample in the view of medical fee points. However, there is no comprehensive solution for the detection of viable EHEC cells since there are wide variety of serotype and susceptibility against potassium tellurite which is commonly used for selective agent in selective medium for EHEC. In these background, EHEC Clear-HT System (EHEC-CHT), a novel effective chromogenic medium system for screening comprehensive viable EHEC, was developed. When EHEC-CHT was assessed using 128 microbes including 49 clinical isolated EHEC strains, EHEC-CHT detected all 49 EHEC strains as typical blue-colored colony regardless of both serotype and susceptibility to potassium tellurite. EHEC-CHT was compared with Japanese commercially available tellurite-based EHEC selective media using 107 clinical patient stool samples. EHEC-CHT showed higher detection ratio than conventional tellurite-based selective media compared, and 7% improvement at least in detection ratio in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Teramura
- Integrated diagnostic solutions, Nippon Becton Dickinson Company, Ltd
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Enriquez-Gómez E, Talavera-Rojas M, Soriano-Vargas E, Navarro-Ocaña A, Vega-Sánchez V, Oca SAMD, Acosta-Dibarrat J. Serotypes, virulence genes profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli recovered from feces of healthy lambs in Mexico. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang H, Chen Z, Jiang X. Improving the Enrichment and Plating Methods for Rapid Detection of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Dairy Compost. J Food Prot 2016; 79:413-20. [PMID: 26939651 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A culture method to detect non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) was optimized in this study. The finished dairy compost with 30% moisture content was inoculated with a cocktail of six non-O157 STEC serovars at initial concentrations of 1 to 100 CFU/g. Afterward, non-O157 STEC cells in the inoculated dairy compost were enriched by four methods, followed by plating onto cefixime-tellurite sorbitol MacConkey agar supplemented with 5 mg/liter novobiocin (CTNSMAC) and modified Rainbow agar containing 5 mg/liter novobiocin, 0.05 mg/liter cefixime trihydrate, and 0.15 mg/liter potassium tellurite (mRBA). Immunomagnetic bead separation (IMS) was used to compare the cell concentration of individual non-O157 STEC serotypes after enrichment. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between CTN-SMAC and mRBA for non-O157 STEC enumeration. The single-step selective enrichment recovered ca. 0.54 log CFU/g more cells (ca. 0.41 log CFU/g for compost-adapted cells) (P < 0.05) compared with the two-step enrichment. Furthermore, the duration of the process to detect non-O157 STEC from dairy compost by selective enrichment, followed by IMS, was optimized. Among six non-O157 STEC serotypes, serotypes O111, O45, and O145 reached the highest cell density after enrichment in dairy compost, and the cell populations reached 7.3, 7.4, and 7.8 log CFU/g within 16 h of incubation, respectively. In contrast, without an enrichment step, the IMS detection limit of individual non-O157 STEC serovars ranged from 3.15 to 4.15 log CFU/g in dairy compost. These results demonstrate that low levels of non-O157 STEC can be detected within 2 days from dairy compost by using a culture method with an optimized enrichment procedure followed by IMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Wang
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Xiuping Jiang
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA.
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Verhaegen B, De Reu K, Heyndrickx M, De Zutter L. Comparison of Six Chromogenic Agar Media for the Isolation of a Broad Variety of Non-O157 Shigatoxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) Serogroups. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:6965-78. [PMID: 26090610 PMCID: PMC4483743 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120606965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The isolation of non-O157 STEC from food samples has proved to be challenging. The selection of a suitable selective isolation agar remains problematic. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate six chromogenic agar media for the isolation of STEC: Tryptone Bile X-glucuronide agar (TBX), Rainbow® Agar O157 (RB), Rapid E. coli O157:H7 (RE), Modified MacConkey Agar (mMac), CHROMagarTM STEC (Chr ST) and chromIDTM EHEC (Chr ID). During this study, 45 E. coli strains were used, including 39 STEC strains belonging to 16 different O serogroups and 6 non-STEC E. coli. All E. coli strains were able to grow on TBX and RB, whereas one STEC strain was unable to grow on Chr ID and a number of other STEC strains did not grow on mMac, CHROMagar STEC and Rapid E. coli O157:H7. However, only the latter three agars were selective enough to completely inhibit the growth of the non-STEC E. coli. Our conclusion was that paired use of a more selective agar such as CHROMagar STEC together with a less selective agar like TBX or Chr ID might be the best solution for isolating non-O157 STEC from food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bavo Verhaegen
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Koen De Reu
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium.
| | - Marc Heyndrickx
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium.
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Lieven De Zutter
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Durso LM. Primary isolation of shiga toxigenic from environmental sources. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2013; 42:1295-1307. [PMID: 24216409 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2013.02.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Since the time of the first microbe hunters, primary culture and isolation of bacteria has been a foundation of microbiology. Like other microbial methods, bacterial culture and isolation methodologies continue to develop. Although fundamental concepts like selection and enrichment are as relevant today as they were over 100 yr ago, advances in chemistry, molecular biology and bacterial ecology mean that today's culture and isolation techniques serve additional supporting roles. The primary isolation of Shiga toxigenic (STEC) from environmental sources relies on enriching the target while excluding extensive background flora. Due to the complexity of environmental substrates, no single method can be recommended; however, common themes are discussed. Brilliant Green Bile Broth, with or without antibiotics, is one of many broths used successfully for selective STEC enrichment. Stressed cells may require a pre-enrichment recovery step in a nonselective broth such as buffered peptone water. After enrichment, immunomagnetic separation with serotype specific beads drastically increases the chances for recovery of STEC from environmental or insect sources. Some evidence suggests that acid treating the recovered beads can further enhance isolation. Although it is common in human clinical, food safety, and water quality applications to plate the recovered beads on Sorbitol MacConkey Agar, other chromogenic media, such as modified CHROMagar, have proven helpful in field and outbreak applications, allowing the target to be distinguished from the numerous background flora. Optimum conditions for each sample and target must be determined empirically, highlighting the need for a better understanding of STEC ecology.
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Yonekita T, Fujimura T, Morishita N, Matsumoto T, Morimatsu F. Simple, rapid, and reliable detection of Escherichia coli O26 using immunochromatography. J Food Prot 2013; 76:748-54. [PMID: 23643115 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O26 has been increasingly associated with diarrheal disease all over the world. We developed an immunochromatographic (ic) strip for the rapid detection of E. coli O26 in food samples. To determine the specificity of the IC strip, pure cultures of 67 E. coli and 22 non-E. coli strains were tested with the IC strip. The IC strip could detect all (18 of 18) E. coli O26 strains tested and did not react with strains of any other E. coli serogroup or non-E. coli strains tested (0 of 71). The minimum detection limits for E. coli O26 were 2.2 × 10(3) to 1.0 × 10(5) cfu/ml. To evaluate the ability of the IC strip to detect E. coli O26 in food, 25-g food samples (ground beef, beef liver, ground chicken, alfalfa sprout, radish sprout, spinach, natural cheese, and apple juice) were spiked with E. coli O26. The IC strip was able to detect E. coli O26 at very low levels (approximately 1 cfu/25 g of food samples) after an 18-h enrichment, and the IC strip results were in 100% agreement with the results of the culture method and pcr assay. When 115 meat samples purchased from supermarkets were tested, 5 were positive for E. coli O26 with the IC strip; these results were confirmed with a pcr assay. These results suggest that the IC strip is a useful tool for detecting E. coli O26 in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Yonekita
- R&D Center, Nippon Meat Packers, Inc., 3-3 Midorigahara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2646, Japan.
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Characterization of non-O157 shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates from healthy fat-tailed sheep in southeastern of Iran. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 45:641-8. [PMID: 23015355 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the presence and prevalence of non-O157 shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates from faeces of healthy fat-tailed sheep and detection of phylogenetic background and antibiotic resistance profile of isolates. One hundred ninety-two E. coli isolates were recovered from obtained rectal swabs and were confirmed by biochemical tests. Antibiotic resistance profiles of isolates were detected and phylogenetic background of isolates was determined according to the presence of the chuA, yjaA and TspE4.C2 genetic markers. The isolates were examined to determine stx (1), stx (2) and eae genes. Non-O157 STEC isolates were identified by using O157 specific antiserum. Forty-three isolates (22.40 %) were positive for one of the stx (1), stx (2) and eae genes, whereas 10.42 % were positive for stx (1), 19.38 % for eae and 2.60 % for stx (2) gene. None of the positive isolates belonged to O157 serogroup. Twenty isolates possessed stx ( 1 ) were distributed in A (six isolates), B1 (13) and D (one) phylogroups, whereas stx (2) positive isolates fell into A (three isolates) and B1 (two) phylogenetic groups. Eighteen isolates contained eae gene belonged to A (five isolates), B1 (seven) and D (six) phylogroups. The maximum and minimum resistance rates were recorded against to penicillin and co-trimoxazole respectively. The positive isolates for stx (1), stx (2) and eae genes showed several antibiotic resistance patterns, whereas belonged to A, B1 and D phylogroups. In conclusion, faeces of healthy sheep could be considered as the important sources of non-O157 STEC and also multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates.
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Evans J, Knight H, McKendrick IJ, Stevenson H, Varo Barbudo A, Gunn GJ, Low JC. Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and serogroups O26, O103, O111 and O145 in sheep presented for slaughter in Scotland. J Med Microbiol 2011; 60:653-660. [PMID: 21233295 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.028415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Evans
- Animal Health Group, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Hazel Knight
- SAC Consulting, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Iain J McKendrick
- Biomathematics & Statistics Scotland, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK
| | - Heather Stevenson
- SAC Consulting, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Antonio Varo Barbudo
- Animal Health Group, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - George J Gunn
- Animal Health Group, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - J Christopher Low
- Animal Health Group, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
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