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Wu W, Mis Solval K, Chen J. Ellagitannin content and anti-enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli activity of aqueous extracts derived from commercial pomegranate products. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29700. [PMID: 38660237 PMCID: PMC11040112 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study compared the efficacy of aqueous extracts of commercially available pomegranate peel products and a juice powder in inhibiting the growth of two enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli strains. Cell suspension of each E. coli strain (5 Log CFU/ml) was added into tryptic soy broth amended with 9 or 23% of each extract prepared with two different methods. After treatment for 5, 10, and 24 h at 25 °C, surviving E. coli cells were enumerated on tryptic soy agar to determine cell population reduction compared to the controls. The concentrations of six different ellagitannins and titratable activity in each treatment system were determined and correlated to E. coli cell population reduction. The extracts from three powdered pomegranate peels caused a significantly greater (p ≤ 0.05) reduction in E. coli population than the extract from the whole peel and juice powder. The higher dose of extracts resulted in a greater cell population reduction than the lower dose. The level of E. coli population reduction correlated positively with the total ellagitannins content (R2 0.67-0.98) and the titratable acidity (R2 0.69-0.98) in the treatment systems. The study suggests that pomegranate peels are promising natural additives or preservatives to control pathogens like EHEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifan Wu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, 30223-1797, USA
| | - Kevin Mis Solval
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, 30223-1797, USA
| | - Jinru Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, 30223-1797, USA
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Zhao XQ, Wang L, Zhu CL, Xue XH, Xia XJ, Wu XL, Wu YD, Liu SQ, Zhang GP, Bai YY, Fotina H, Hu JH. Oral Administration of the Antimicrobial Peptide Mastoparan X Alleviates Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli-Induced Intestinal Inflammation and Regulates the Gut Microbiota. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:138-151. [PMID: 36515889 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in intestinal immune system development and in driving inflammation. Antibiotic administration for therapeutic purposes causes an imbalance in the gut microbiota. Antimicrobial peptides can regulate the gut microbiota and maintain intestinal homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and regulation of the gut microbiota by the orally administered antimicrobial peptide mastoparan X (MPX). In this study, Escherichia coli was used to induce intestinal inflammation, and the results showed that MPX+ E. coli alleviated weight loss and intestinal pathological changes in necropsy specimens of E. coli-infected mice. MPX+ E. coli reduced the serum levels of the inflammation-related proteins interleukin-2, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, myeloperoxidase, and lactate dehydrogenase on days 7 and 28. Furthermore, MPX+ E. coli increased the length of villi and reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the jejunum and colon post infection. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy results showed that MPX could improve the morphology of jejunum villi and microvilli and increase tight junction protein levels. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of caecal content samples showed that the species diversity and richness were lower in the E. coli-infected group. At the genus level, MPX+ E. coli significantly reduced the abundance of Bacteroidales and Alistipes and enhanced the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae. Alpha-diversity analyses (Shannon index) showed that MPX significantly increased the microbial diversity of mice. Overall, this study is the first to investigate the effects of oral administration of MPX on intestinal inflammation and the gut microbiota, providing a new perspective regarding the prevention of enteritis and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qin Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China.
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases of Special Animal, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Chun Ling Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiang Hong Xue
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases of Special Animal, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Jing Xia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xi Long Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yun Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shan Qin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Gai Ping Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yue Yu Bai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hanna Fotina
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy, Ukraine.
| | - Jian He Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China.
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Wang Q, Wei Y, Huang Y, Qin J, Liu B, Liu R, Chen X, Li D, Wang Q, Li X, Yang X, Li Y, Sun H. Z3495, a LysR-Type Transcriptional Regulator Encoded in O Island 97, Regulates Virulence Gene Expression in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Microorganisms 2024; 12:140. [PMID: 38257967 PMCID: PMC10819331 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is an important foodborne pathogen that infects humans by colonizing the large intestine. The genome of EHEC O157:H7 contains 177 unique O islands (OIs). Certain OIs significantly contribute to the heightened virulence and pathogenicity exhibited by EHEC O157:H7. However, the function of most OI genes remains unknown. We demonstrated here that EHEC O157:H7 adherence to and colonization of the mouse large intestine are both dependent on OI-97. Z3495, which is annotated as a LysR-type transcriptional regulator and encoded in OI-97, contributes to this phenotype. Z3495 activated the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) gene expression, promoting bacterial adherence. Deletion of z3495 significantly decreased the transcription of ler and other LEE genes, the ability to adhere to the host cells, and colonization in the mouse large intestine. Furthermore, the ChIP-seq results confirmed that Z3495 can directly bind to the promoter region of rcsF, which is a well-known activator of Ler, and increase LEE gene expression. Finally, phylogenetic analysis revealed that Z3495 is a widespread transcriptional regulator in enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. As a result of this study, we have gained a deeper understanding of how bacteria control their virulence and provide another example of a laterally acquired regulator that regulates LEE gene expression in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yi Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yu Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jingliang Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Bin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Nankai International Advanced Research Institute, Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Ruiying Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xintong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Dan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qiushi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xinyuan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yuanke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hao Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
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Mosadegh S, Abtahi H, Amani J, Karizi SZ, Salmanian AH. Protective immunization against Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae Type 1 by chitosan nanoparticle loaded with recombinant chimeric antigens comprising EIT and STX1B-IpaD. Microb Pathog 2023; 184:106344. [PMID: 37704060 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrated that Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (S. dysenteriae1) are considered pathogens, that are connected with diarrhea and are still the greatest cause of death in children under the age of five years, worldwide. EHEC and S. dysenteriae 1 infections can be prevented and managed using a vaccination strategy against pathogen attachment stages. In this study, the chitosan nanostructures were loaded with recombinant EIT and STX1B-IpaD polypeptides. The immunogenic properties of this nano-vaccine candidate were investigated. The EIT and STX1B-IpaD recombinant proteins were heterologous expressed, purified, and confirmed by western blotting. The chitosan nanoparticles, were used to encapsulate the purified proteins. The immunogenicity of recombinant nano vaccine candidate, was examined in three groups of BalB/c mice by injection, oral delivery, and combination of oral-injection. ELISA and antibody titer, evaluated the humoral immune response. Finally, all three mice groups were challenged by two pathogens to test the ability of the nano-vaccine candidate to protect against bacterial infection. The Sereny test in guinea pigs was used to confirm the neutralizing effect of immune sera in controlling S. dysenteriae 1, infections. SDS-PAGE and western blotting, confirmed the presence and specificity of 63 and 27 kDa recombinant EIT and STX1B-IpaD, respectively. The results show that the nanoparticles containing recombinant proteins could stimulate the systemic and mucosal immune systems by producing IgG and IgA, respectively. The challenge test showed that, the candidate nano-vaccine could protect the animal model from bacterial infection. The combination of multiple recombinant proteins, carrying several epitopes and natural nanoparticles could evocate remarkable humoral and mucosal responses and improve the protection properties of synthetic antigens. Furthermore, compared with other available antigen delivery methods, using oral delivery as immune priming and injection as a booster method, could act as combinatorial methods to achieve a higher level of immunity. This approach could present an appropriate vaccine candidate against both EHEC and S. dysenteriae 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Mosadegh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Abtahi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Zare Karizi
- Department of Biology, Varamin Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pishva, Varamin, Iran
| | - Ali Hatef Salmanian
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
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Lopez MES, Gontijo MTP, Cardoso RR, Batalha LS, Eller MR, Bazzolli DMS, Vidigal PMP, Mendonça RCS. Complete genome analysis of Tequatrovirus ufvareg1, a Tequatrovirus species inhibiting Escherichia coli O157:H7. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1178248. [PMID: 37274318 PMCID: PMC10236363 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1178248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bacteriophages infecting human pathogens have been considered potential biocontrol agents, and studying their genetic content is essential to their safe use in the food industry. Tequatrovirus ufvareg1 is a bacteriophage named UFV-AREG1, isolated from cowshed wastewater and previously tested for its ability to inhibit Escherichia coli O157:H7. Methods T. ufvareg1 was previously isolated using E. coli O157:H7 (ATCC 43895) as a bacterial host. The same strain was used for bacteriophage propagation and the one-step growth curve. The genome of the T. ufvareg1 was sequenced using 305 Illumina HiSeq, and the genome comparison was calculated by VIRIDIC and VIPTree. Results Here, we characterize its genome and compare it to other Tequatrovirus. T. ufvareg1 virions have an icosahedral head (114 x 86 nm) and a contracted tail (117 x 23 nm), with a latent period of 25 min, and an average burst size was 18 phage particles per infected E. coli cell. The genome of the bacteriophage T. ufvareg1 contains 268 coding DNA sequences (CDS) and ten tRNA genes distributed in both negative and positive strains. T. ufvareg1 genome also contains 40 promoters on its regulatory regions and two rho-independent terminators. T. ufvareg1 shares an average intergenomic similarity (VIRIDC) of 88.77% and an average genomic similarity score (VipTree) of 88.91% with eight four reference genomes for Tequatrovirus available in the NCBI RefSeq database. The pan-genomic analysis confirmed the high conservation of Tequatrovirus genomes. Among all CDS annotated in the T. ufvareg1 genome, there are 123 core genes, 38 softcore genes, 94 shell genes, and 13 cloud genes. None of 268 CDS was classified as being exclusive of T. ufvareg1. Conclusion The results in this paper, combined with other previously published findings, indicate that T. ufvareg1 bacteriophage is a potential candidate for food protection against E. coli O157:H7 in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryoris Elisa Soto Lopez
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Alimentos, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia
| | - Marco Tulio Pardini Gontijo
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Rodrigo Rezende Cardoso
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Laís Silva Batalha
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Monique Renon Eller
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Yuan L, Nakamichi R, Hirata Y, Matsuda A, Shinohara Y, Yamada A, Masuda Y, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Mechanism for inhibition of cytotoxicity of Shiga toxin by luteolin. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 87:105537. [PMID: 36535555 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic or Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli is a food-poisoning bacterium that grows in the intestine to produce Shiga toxin (Stx). In this study, the effects of 20 polyphenols on the cytotoxicity of Stx1 and Stx2 in Vero cells were investigated. Among these, epigallocatechin gallate, butein, isorhapontigenin, hesperetin, morin, luteolin, resveratrol, and rhapontigenin showed inhibitory effects on the cytotoxicity of Stxs at 0.4 mmol/L. Furthermore, Vero cells pre-treated with these polyphenols were resistant to Stx at 0.4 mmol/L. However, luteolin showed the most potent inhibitory and cytoprotective effect against Stxs at 0.08 mmol/L or more. This inhibitory mechanism of luteolin was determined using a cell-free protein synthesis system and quantitative reverse transcription PCR assay to detect depurination of 28S rRNA in Vero cells. Luteolin did not inhibit the cell-free protein synthesis by Stxs, suggesting that the enzymatic activity of the Stx A subunit was not inhibited by luteolin. The depurination of 28S rRNA by Stxs was also investigated in Vero cells. The 28S rRNA depurination by Stxs was suppressed in Vero cells treated with Stxs which had been pretreated with luteolin. These results suggest that luteolin inhibits the incorporation of Stxs into Vero cells. This is the first report to show that luteolin inhibits the cytotoxicity of both Stx1 and Stx2 by inhibiting the incorporation of Stxs into Vero cells.
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Melchior K, Salgaço MK, Sivieri K, Moreira CG. QseC sensor kinase modulates the human microbiota during enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1-14. [PMID: 36469301 PMCID: PMC9943815 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is an important gastrointestinal pathogen known for its ability to cause hemorrhagic colitis and induce hemolytic-uremic syndrome. The inner membrane QseC histidine kinase sensor has shown to be an important regulator of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) island, where important EHEC key virulence genes are located. However, the QseC role during EHEC infection in human microbiota remains unknown. Herein, using the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®), we investigated whether the QseC sensor has a role in human microbiota modulation by EHEC in a dynamic model. Our data demonstrated that the QseC sensor modulates human microbiota during EHEC infection, and its absence leads to an increase in Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacterium genus predominance, although non-effect on Bacteroides genus by EHEC strains was observed. In co-culture, the Lactobacillus acidophilus has affected EHEC growth and impaired the EHEC growth under space-niche competition, although no growth difference was observed in the QseC sensor presence. Also, differences in EHEC growth were not detected in competition with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and EHEC strains did not affect B. thetaiotaomicron growth either. When investigating the mechanisms behind the SHIME results, we found that hcp-2 expression for the type 6 secretion system, known to be involved in bacterial competition, is under QseC sensor regulation beneath different environmental signals, such as glucose and butyrate. Our findings broaden the knowledge about the QseC sensor in modulating the human microbiota and its importance for EHEC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Melchior
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Mateus Kawata Salgaço
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Katia Sivieri
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Gallina Moreira
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.
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Froböse NJ, Olaru ID, Schneider JS, Zhang W, Mellmann A, Schuler F, Grebe T, Schaumburg F. Does pre-incubation in selective-enrichment media improve the detection of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli using the RIDA®GENE PCR? Int J Med Microbiol 2023; 313:151575. [PMID: 36736015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2023.151575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate whether a selective pre-PCR enrichment step improves test performance of RIDA®GENE EHEC/EPEC to detect diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from stool samples. Each of the 250 stool samples was analyzed for the presence of stx1/2 and eae both with and without pre-PCR enrichment in selective broth. In comparison to a reference method, sensitivities for stx1/2 and eae with and without pre-PCR enrichment were 84% (95%CI 70-93) and 89% (stx1/2, 95%CI 76-96), and 71% (95%CI 58-81) and 72% (eae, 95%CI 60-82), respectively. Specificity exceeded 97% for both methods and target genes. In summary, pre-PCR broth enrichment did not improve test performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neele J Froböse
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Münster, Domagkstr 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ioana D Olaru
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Münster, Domagkstr 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Julia Sophie Schneider
- Institute of Hygiene and National Consulting Laboratory for hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str 41, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Wenlan Zhang
- Institute of Hygiene and National Consulting Laboratory for hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str 41, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Mellmann
- Institute of Hygiene and National Consulting Laboratory for hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str 41, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Franziska Schuler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Münster, Domagkstr 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Grebe
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Münster, Domagkstr 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frieder Schaumburg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Münster, Domagkstr 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Vogt SL, Serapio-Palacios A, Woodward SE, Santos AS, de Vries SP, Daigneault MC, Brandmeier LV, Grant AJ, Maskell DJ, Allen-Vercoe E, Finlay BB. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli responds to gut microbiota metabolites by altering metabolism and activating stress responses. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2190303. [PMID: 36951510 PMCID: PMC10038027 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2190303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a major cause of severe bloody diarrhea, with potentially lethal complications, such as hemolytic uremic syndrome. In humans, EHEC colonizes the colon, which is also home to a diverse community of trillions of microbes known as the gut microbiota. Although these microbes and the metabolites that they produce represent an important component of EHEC's ecological niche, little is known about how EHEC senses and responds to the presence of gut microbiota metabolites. In this study, we used a combined RNA-Seq and Tn-Seq approach to characterize EHEC's response to metabolites from an in vitro culture of 33 human gut microbiota isolates (MET-1), previously demonstrated to effectively resolve recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection in human patients. Collectively, the results revealed that EHEC adjusts to growth in the presence of microbiota metabolites in two major ways: by altering its metabolism and by activating stress responses. Metabolic adaptations to the presence of microbiota metabolites included increased expression of systems for maintaining redox balance and decreased expression of biotin biosynthesis genes, reflecting the high levels of biotin released by the microbiota into the culture medium. In addition, numerous genes related to envelope and oxidative stress responses (including cpxP, spy, soxS, yhcN, and bhsA) were upregulated during EHEC growth in a medium containing microbiota metabolites. Together, these results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms by which pathogens adapt to the presence of competing microbes in the host environment, which ultimately may enable the development of therapies to enhance colonization resistance and prevent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie L. Vogt
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Sarah E. Woodward
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew S. Santos
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stefan P.W. de Vries
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle C. Daigneault
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa V. Brandmeier
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Grant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Duncan J. Maskell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Allen-Vercoe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - B. Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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10
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Teramura H, Sanga S, Kodama K. Possible solution of capturing viable Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) in clinical patient stool. J Microorg Control 2023; 28:129-134. [PMID: 37866895 DOI: 10.4265/jmc.28.3_129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
For clinical diagnosis of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), it needs to capture viable EHEC cells from stool sample in the view of medical fee points. However, there is no comprehensive solution for the detection of viable EHEC cells since there are wide variety of serotype and susceptibility against potassium tellurite which is commonly used for selective agent in selective medium for EHEC. In these background, EHEC Clear-HT System (EHEC-CHT), a novel effective chromogenic medium system for screening comprehensive viable EHEC, was developed. When EHEC-CHT was assessed using 128 microbes including 49 clinical isolated EHEC strains, EHEC-CHT detected all 49 EHEC strains as typical blue-colored colony regardless of both serotype and susceptibility to potassium tellurite. EHEC-CHT was compared with Japanese commercially available tellurite-based EHEC selective media using 107 clinical patient stool samples. EHEC-CHT showed higher detection ratio than conventional tellurite-based selective media compared, and 7% improvement at least in detection ratio in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Teramura
- Integrated diagnostic solutions, Nippon Becton Dickinson Company, Ltd
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11
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Zhao X, Sun Y, Ma Y, Xu Y, Guan H, Wang D. Research advances on the contamination of vegetables by Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli: pathways, processes and interaction. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022:1-15. [PMID: 36377729 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2146045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli is considered one of the primary bacterial pathogens that cause foodborne diseases because it can survive in meat, vegetables and so on. Understanding of the effect of vegetable characteristics on the adhesion and proliferation process of EHEC is necessary to develop control measures. In this review, the amount and methods of adhesion, the internalization pathway and proliferation process of EHEC have been described during the vegetable contamination. Types, cultivars, tissue characteristics, leaf age, and damage degree can affect EHEC adhesion on vegetables. EHEC cells contaminate the root surface of vegetables through soil and further internalize. It can also contaminate the stem scar tissue of vegetables by rain or irrigation water and internalize the vertical axis, as well as the stomata, necrotic lesions and damaged tissues of vegetable leaves. After EHEC adhered to the vegetables, they may further proliferate and form biofilms. Leaf and fruit tissues were more sensitive to biofilm formation, and shedding rate of biofilms on epidermis tissue was faster. Insights into the mechanisms of vegetable contamination by EHEC, including the role of exopolysaccharides and proteins responsible for movement, adhesion and oxidative stress response could reveal the molecular mechanism by which EHEC contaminates vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhao
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yeting Sun
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Xu
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyang Guan
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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12
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Arvidsson I, Tontanahal A, Johansson K, Kristoffersson AC, Kellnerová S, Berger M, Dobrindt U, Karpman D. Apyrase decreases phage induction and Shiga toxin release from E. coli O157:H7 and has a protective effect during infection. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2122667. [PMID: 36138514 PMCID: PMC9519026 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2122667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) cause gastrointestinal infection and, in severe cases, hemolytic uremic syndrome which may lead to death. There is, to-date, no therapy for this infection. Stx induces ATP release from host cells and ATP signaling mediates its cytotoxic effects. Apyrase cleaves and neutralizes ATP and its effect on Stx and EHEC infection was therefore investigated. Apyrase decreased bacterial RecA and dose-dependently decreased toxin release from E. coli O157:H7 in vitro, demonstrated by reduced phage DNA and protein levels. The effect was investigated in a mouse model of E. coli O157:H7 infection. BALB/c mice infected with Stx2-producing E. coli O157:H7 were treated with apyrase intraperitoneally, on days 0 and 2 post-infection, and monitored for 11 days. Apyrase-treated mice developed disease two days later than untreated mice. Untreated infected mice lost significantly more weight than those treated with apyrase. Apyrase-treated mice exhibited less colonic goblet cell depletion and apoptotic cells, as well as lower fecal ATP and Stx2, compared to untreated mice. Apyrase also decreased platelet aggregation induced by co-incubation of human platelet-rich-plasma with Stx2 and E. coli O157 lipopolysaccharide in the presence of collagen. Thus, apyrase had multiple protective effects, reducing RecA levels, stx2 and toxin release from EHEC, reducing fecal Stx2 and protecting mouse intestinal cells, as well as decreasing platelet activation, and could thereby delay the development of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Arvidsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ashmita Tontanahal
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl Johansson
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Sára Kellnerová
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Berger
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dobrindt
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Diana Karpman
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,CONTACT Diana Karpman Department of Pediatrics, Lund University, 22185Lund, Sweden
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13
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Jeong M, Nam GW, Heo EJ, Kim MG, Kwak HS, Kim SH, Suh SH. Comparison of enrichment methods for isolating Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in kimchi. J Microbiol Methods 2022; 200:106543. [PMID: 35870537 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the efficiency of four enrichment methods of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli by using the 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and a predictive model. Four different methods (US FDA, ISO, Japan Food Hygiene Association and Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) were used to enrich EHEC in kimchi inoculated with cocktails of EHEC strains (NCCP 13720, NCCP 13721, and NCCP 14134). The maximum growth rate (μmax) and lag phase duration (LPD) were compared using the Baranyi model, and 16S rRNA targeted sequencing was performed with samples at the end of the exponential phase. As a result, the μmax and LPD values of Baranyi model developed for the four enriched media ranged from 0.82 to 0.92 and from 2.35 to 2.68, respectively, suggesting that the growth of EHEC was similar in all four enrichment media. As for the relative abundance of the bacterial composition at the family level, Enterobacteriaceae was identified as the major component (>50%) in all four enriched media. The relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae was highest (>90%) in the two enriched media with 20 mg/L novobiocin, demonstrating that significant growth of non-targeted bacteria takes place in enrichment broths utilizing <20 mg/L novobiocin or different antibiotics. In conclusion, this study suggests that all four enrichment broth are suitable for growing EHEC in kimchi and the use and concentration of antibiotics such as novobiocin in enrichment media may have a critical role in species diversity.
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14
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Xue Y, Zhu MJ. Unraveling enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection: the promising role of dietary compounds and probiotics in bacterial elimination and host innate immunity boosting. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1551-1563. [PMID: 34404306 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1965538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system has developed sophisticated strategies to defense against infections. Host cells utilize the recognition machineries such as toll-like receptors and nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-like receptors to identify the pathogens and alert immune system. However, some pathogens have developed tactics to evade host defenses, including manipulation of host inflammatory response, interference with cell death pathway, and highjack of phagocytosis signaling for a better survival and colonization in host. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a notorious foodborne pathogen that causes severe tissue damages and gastrointestinal diseases, which has been reported to disturb host immune responses. Diverse bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, saccharides, and terpenoids derived from food varieties and probiotics have been discovered and investigated for their capability of combating bacterial infections. Some of them serve as novel antimicrobial agents and act as immune boosters that harness host immune system. In this review, we will discuss how EHEC, specifically E. coli O157:H7, hijacks the host immune system and interferes with host signaling pathway; and highlight the promising role of food-derived bioactive compounds and probiotics in harnessing host innate immunity and eliminating E. coli O157:H7 infection with multiple strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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15
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Vigfússon HB, Ennefors T, Kjerstadius T, Sundqvist M. Evaluation of the eazyplex® EHEC complete (Amplex) assay for the differentiation of stx1 and stx2 positivity in stool samples. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 188:106291. [PMID: 34311019 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The performance of the eazyplex® EHEC complete (Amplex) for the detection of Shiga toxin genes in stool samples was evaluated. The assay performed well in distinguishing between stx1 and stx2 but suboptimal sensitivity may limit its use to complementary testing rather than primary diagnosis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections.
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16
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Sadri Najafabadi Z, Nazarian S, Kargar M, Kafilzadeh F. Designing of a chimeric protein contains StxB, intimin and EscC against toxicity and adherence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 and evaluation of serum antibody titers against it. Mol Immunol 2021; 134:218-227. [PMID: 33823320 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 strain is known as one of the major human foodborne pathogens. Lack of effective clinical treatment for human diarrheal diseases confirms the need for vaccine production against enteric bacteria such as E.coli O157:H7. Shiga-like toxin (Stx), EscC, and Intimin are the main important virulent factors of this enteric pathogen. In the present study, a comparative Omics analysis was conducted to identify most invasion EHEC antigenic factors as a potential immunogen. SEI (Stx-EscC-Intimin) trivalent chimeric protein was designed from the exposed and epitope rich part of these virulence factors. Sequence optimization, physicochemical properties, mRNA folding, three-dimensional structure and immunoinformatics data were investigated. The chimeric gene was synthesized with codon bias of E. coli. Recombinant protein was expressed and confirmed by western blot analysis. To evaluate the immunogenicity of the designed protein, the protein was administered to BALB/c mice and the serum IgG was determined by ELISA. Based on the Ramachandran plot, the validation data showed that 90.1 % of residues lie in the favored region. The high antigenicity of the multimeric protein was predicted by the immunoinformatic analysis. Epitope prediction had shown the proper distribution of linear and conformational B-cell epitopes and the competition of T-cell epitopes to bind MHC molecules too. Recombinant ESI Protein with 74.5 kDa was expressed in E. coli. Western blot analysis by anti-Stx antibody, confirmed a single band of chimeric protein. Consequently, the chimeric gene was designed and constructed after assessments. From in silico approach, the protein deduced from this cassette can be an immunogen candidate, and act against toxicity and adherence of EHEC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahram Nazarian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Kargar
- Department of Microbiology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Farshid Kafilzadeh
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
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17
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Spano LC, Guerrieri CG, Volpini LPB, Schuenck RP, Goulart JP, Boina E, Recco CRN, Ribeiro-Rodrigues R, Dos Santos LF, Fumian TM. EHEC O111:H8 strain and norovirus GII.4 Sydney [P16] causing an outbreak in a daycare center, Brazil, 2019. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:95. [PMID: 33781202 PMCID: PMC8008580 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study describes the investigation of an outbreak of diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis (HC), and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) at a daycare center in southeastern Brazil, involving fourteen children, six staff members, six family members, and one nurse. All bacterial and viral pathogens detected were genetically characterized. Results Two isolates of a strain of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O111:H8 were recovered, one implicated in a case of HUS and the other in a case of uncomplicated diarrhea. These isolates had a clonal relationship of 94% and carried the stx2a and eae virulence genes and the OI-122 pathogenicity island. The EHEC strain was determined to be a single-locus variant of sequence type (ST) 327. EHEC isolates were resistant to ofloxacin, doxycycline, tetracycline, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and intermediately resistant to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Rotavirus was not detected in any samples, and norovirus was detected in 46.7% (14/30) of the stool samples, three of which were from asymptomatic staff members. The noroviruses were classified as the recombinant GII.4 Sydney [P16] by gene sequencing. Conclusion In this outbreak, it was possible to identify an uncommon stx2a + EHEC O111:H8 strain, and the most recent pandemic norovirus strain GII.4 Sydney [P16]. Our findings reinforce the need for surveillance and diagnosis of multiple enteric pathogens by public health authorities, especially during outbreaks. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02161-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Cruz Spano
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.
| | | | - Lays Paula Bondi Volpini
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Pinto Schuenck
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Elizabeth Boina
- State Health Secretariat, Central Public Health Laboratory, Vitoria, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Ribeiro-Rodrigues
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.,State Health Secretariat, Central Public Health Laboratory, Vitoria, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Dos Santos
- Adolfo Lutz Institute, Centre of Bacteriology, National Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli Enteric Infections, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tulio Machado Fumian
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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18
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Wang ST, Kuo CJ, Huang CW, Lee TM, Chen JW, Chen CS. OmpR coordinates the expression of virulence factors of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in the alimentary tract of Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Microbiol 2021; 116:168-183. [PMID: 33567149 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), an enteropathogen that colonizes in the intestine, causes severe diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis in humans by the expression of the type III secretion system (T3SS) and Shiga-like toxins (Stxs). However, how EHEC can sense and respond to the changes in the alimentary tract and coordinate the expression of these virulence genes remains elusive. The T3SS-related genes are known to be regulated by the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)-encoded regulators, such as Ler, as well as non-LEE-encoded regulators in response to different environmental cues. Herein, we report that OmpR, which participates in the adaptation of E. coli to osmolarity and pH alterations, is required for EHEC infection in Caenorhabditis elegans. OmpR protein was able to directly bind to the promoters of ler and stx1 (Shiga-like toxin 1) and regulate the expression of T3SS and Stx1, respectively, at the transcriptional level. Moreover, we demonstrated that the expression of ler in EHEC is in response to the intestinal environment and is regulated by OmpR in C. elegans. Taken together, we reveal that OmpR is an important regulator of EHEC which coordinates the expression of virulence factors during gastrointestinal infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Tian Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ju Kuo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzer-Min Lee
- Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Wei Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Shi Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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19
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Wichmann D, Matthews H, Nentwich MF, Schmiedel S, Kluge S. [Intensive care back up for infectious disease disasters]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2020; 115:641-648. [PMID: 33037459 PMCID: PMC7546520 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-020-00743-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outbreaks of infectious diseases pose particular challenges for hospitals and intensive care units. OBJECTIVES Typical infectiological scenarios and their significance for modern intensive care medicine are presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS Selected pathogens/infectious diseases that have significantly strained the resources of intensive care units are described. RESULTS Intensive medical care is necessary in severe cases of many infectious diseases. In the context of epidemics/pandemics, many critically ill patients have to be admitted within a short time. Examples are the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, the 2011 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) outbreak in northern Germany, the 2014/2015 Ebola fever outbreak and the 2020 coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Multidisciplinary teams, protocol development, adequate staffing, and training are required to achieve optimal treatment outcomes, including prevention of healthcare worker infections. CONCLUSIONS Pandemics and epidemics are unique challenges for intensive care unit preparedness planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wichmann
- Klinik für Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20251, Hamburg, Deutschland.
| | - H Matthews
- Klinik für Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20251, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - M F Nentwich
- Klinik für Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20251, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - S Schmiedel
- Sektion Infektiologie, I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - S Kluge
- Klinik für Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20251, Hamburg, Deutschland
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20
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Cointe A, Birgy A, Pascault A, Louillet F, Dufougeray A, Mariani-Kurkdjian P, Bonacorsi S. Be aware of Shiga-toxin 2f-producing Escherichia coli: case report and false-negative results with certain rapid molecular panels. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 98:115177. [PMID: 32966946 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) case due to Stx2f-producing E. coli illustrating the diagnostic difficulty of this Shiga-toxin subtype. Clinicians should be aware of limits of certain rapid molecular panels that are increasingly being used and may play a role in underestimating the global burden of such infections.
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21
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Cui Y, Liu DA, Chen J. Fate of Salmonella enterica and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli on Vegetable Seeds Contaminated by Direct Contact with Artificially Inoculated Soil during Germination. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1218-1226. [PMID: 32221551 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Contaminated vegetable seeds have been identified as a potential source of foodborne bacterial pathogens. This study was undertaken to observe the behavior of Salmonella and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) on vegetable seeds, contaminated by direct contact with artificially inoculated soil, during germination. Sterile sandy soil inoculated with lyophilized cells of four individual strains of Salmonella or EHEC (three O157:H7 strains and one O104:H4 strain) was mixed with sanitized seeds (2 g) of alfalfa, fenugreek, lettuce, and tomato at 20°C for 1 h. The contaminated seeds were germinated on 1% water agar at 25°C for 9 days in the dark. Populations of Salmonella and EHEC on various tissues (seed coat, root, cotyledon, and stem, etc.) of sprouts and seedlings were determined every other day over the germination period. Overall, 70.4 and 72.4% of collected tissue samples (n = 544) tested positive for Salmonella and EHEC, respectively. In general, the mean populations of Salmonella and EHEC on sprout and seedling tissues increased with the prolongation of germination time. Seed coats had the highest bacterial counts (4.00 to 4.06 log CFU/0.01 g), followed by the root (3.36 to 3.38 log CFU/0.01 g), cotyledon (3.13 to 3.38 log CFU/0.01 g), and stem tissues (2.67 to 2.84 log CFU/0.01 g). On average, tissue sections of fenugreek sprouts and lettuce seedlings had significantly higher (P < 0.05) numbers of Salmonella and EHEC cells than that of alfalfa sprouts and tomato seedlings. Data suggest that the growth and dissemination of Salmonella and EHEC cells on alfalfa, fenugreek, lettuce, and tomato sprout and seedling tissues are influenced by the type of vegetable seeds and sprout and seedling tissues involved. The study provides useful information on the fate of two important foodborne bacterial pathogens on selected vegetable seeds, contaminated by direct contact with inoculated soil, during the germination process. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cui
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia 30223-1797, USA.,College of Biological Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050081, People's Republic of China
| | - D A Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia 30223-1797, USA
| | - Jinru Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia 30223-1797, USA
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22
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Guo M, Zhang C, Zhang C, Zhang X, Wu Y. Functional characterization of NLRX1 in rabbit during enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection. Dev Comp Immunol 2020; 106:103612. [PMID: 31962226 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD) like receptor X1 (NLRX1) is a member of pattern recognition receptor, which has been linked to viral response, cancer, and inflammatory diseases. In this study, rabbit NLRX1 (rNLRX1) was firstly cloned from RK-13 cells, which protein contained a NACHT domain and seven LRRs. rNLRX1 was widely expressed in tissues of rabbits, and highly increased in liver, spleen, kidney, and colon after infected with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). Overexpression of rNLRX1 negatively regulated NF-κB signaling, and impaired the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and defensins. Moreover, deficient of rNLRX1 in RK-13 cells was performed to investigate the possible roles of rNLRX1. Upon EHEC stimulation, knockdown of rNLRX1 markedly enhanced NF-κB activation and downstream responsive cytokines (IL1β and TNFα) and β-defensins (DEFB114, DEFB124, and DEFB125). Furthermore, overexpression of rNLRX1 promoted the proliferation of EHEC, whereas knockdown of rNLRX1 inhibited its growth. Our study identified that rNLRX1 acts as a negative regulatory in anti-microbial responses after EHEC infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Congyue Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yantao Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University (JIRLAAPS), Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Puttamreddy S, Minion FC. Transposon Mutagenesis of Foodborne Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2016:73-80. [PMID: 31197710 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9570-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The Enterobacteriaceae, and in particular, Escherichia coli including foodborne pathotypes are particularly amenable to transposon mutagenesis. Here we describe the use of mini-Tn5 and Mu d1(Ap lac) to generate transposon inserts for analysis of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli EDL933. We also discuss how to array the library in 96-well plates and sequence individual clones for further analysis.
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Wang Y, Zhai D, Fan Z, Qu D, Chen G, Su S, Meng J, Jia M, Luo X, Li M. PAMP protects intestine from Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection through destroying cell membrane and inhibiting inflammatory response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 523:939-946. [PMID: 31964533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) is elevated in sepsis, but the function and possible mechanism of PAMP in bacterial infection is elusive. This study is aim to evaluate the role of PAMP in the interaction between the Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and the host barrier. Our results showed that PAMP alleviated the EHEC-induced disruption of goblet cells and mucosal damage in the intestine, increased the expression of occludin in the colon of EHEC-infected mice, and reduced the proinflammatory cytokines level in serum significantly compared with the control group. Meanwhile, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation could dose-dependently induce the expression of preproADM, the precursor of PAMP, in human intestinal epithelial cell (HIEC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC). In addition, PAMP inhibited the growth of EHEC O157:H7 and destroyed the inner and outer membrane. At low concentration, PAMP attenuated the EHEC virulence genes including hlyA and eaeA, which was also confirmed from reduced hemolysis to red cells and adhesion to HIEC. These results indicated that EHEC infection would modulate the expression of PAMP in intestinal epithelium or vascular endothelium, and in turn exerted a protective effect in EHEC induced infection by rupturing the bacterial cell membrane and attenuating the bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Zhaoyang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Di Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Shan Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Jingru Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Min Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Xiaoxing Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Mingkai Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, China.
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Iwata K, Goto M. Did the ban on serving raw beef liver in restaurants decrease Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection in Japan?: an interrupted time-series analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:949. [PMID: 31703557 PMCID: PMC6842200 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is an important pathogen that causes diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). After an EHEC outbreak involving uncooked beef, serving raw beef liver dishes at restaurants was completely banned starting on July 1, 2012 in Japan. However, its long-term associations with the incidence rates of EHEC infections have never been assessed by formal interrupted time-series analysis (ITSA). Methods A retrospective cohort study to assess the impact of banning raw beef liver provision at restaurants was conducted. The weekly incidence of asymptomatic and symptomatic EHEC infections, the incidence of HUS, and deaths were extracted from the national reportable diseases database from January 2008 to December 2017. ITSA was conducted to evaluate the impact of banning raw beef liver from July 2012. To account for a potential simultaneous external effect, the additional regulation on raw beef red meat handling (implemented in May 2011) and the seasonality were also incorporated into the model. Results There were 32,179 asymptomatic and 21,250 symptomatic EHEC infections (including 717 HUS cases and 26 deaths) reported during the study period. During the pre-intervention period (before week 27, 2012), there were 0.45 asymptomatic EHEC infections per million-persons per week. The mean post-intervention asymptomatic EHEC infections were 0.51 per million-persons per week. ITSA revealed no baseline trend or change in the intercept and trend (0.002 infections per million-persons per week, 95% Confidence interval − 0.03-0.04, p = 0.93, 1.22, CI -1.96-4.39, p = 0.45, and − 0.006, CI -0.003-0.02, p = 0.68, respectively). For symptomatic EHEC infections, there were 0.30 cases per million per week during the pre-intervention period, and it became 0.33 cases per million per week after the intervention. Time series modeling again did not show a significant baseline trend or changes in the intercept and trend (0.0005, CI -0.02-0.02, p = 0.96, 0.69, CI -1.75-3.12, p = 0.58, and − 0.003, CI -0.02-0.01, p = 0.76, respectively). Conclusion We did not find a statistically significant reduction in the overall incidence rates of both asymptomatic and symptomatic EHEC infections in Japan after implementing measures, including a ban on serving raw beef liver dishes in the restaurant industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Iwata
- Division of Infectious Diseases Therapeutics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunokicho 7-5-2, Chuoku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Michihiko Goto
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Center for Access and Delivery Research and Evaluation, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa, 52246-2208, USA
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Liu Y, Li S, Li W, Wang P, Ding P, Li L, Wang J, Yang P, Wang Q, Xu T, Xiong Y, Yang B. RstA, a two-component response regulator, plays important roles in multiple virulence-associated processes in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Gut Pathog 2019; 11:53. [PMID: 31695752 PMCID: PMC6824119 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-019-0335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC O157) causes bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. EHEC O157 encounters varied microenvironments during infection, and can efficiently adapt to these using the two-component system (TCS). Recently, a functional TCS, RstAB, has been implicated in the regulation of virulence of several bacterial pathogens. However, the regulatory function of RstAB in EHEC O157 is poorly understood. This study aimed at providing insights into the global effects of RstA on gene expression in EHEC O157. Results In the present study, we analyzed gene expression differences between the EHEC O157 wild-type strain and a ΔrstA mutant using RNA-seq technology. Genes with differential expression in the ΔrstA mutant compared to that in the wild-type strain were identified and grouped into clusters of orthologous categories. RstA promoted EHEC O157 LEE gene expression, adhesion in vitro, and colonization in vivo by indirect regulation. We also found that RstA could bind directly to the promoter region of hdeA and yeaI to enhance acid tolerance and decrease biofilm formation by modulating the concentration of c-di-GMP. Conclusions In summary, the RstAB TCS in EHEC O157 plays a major role in the regulation of virulence, acid tolerance, and biofilm formation. We clarified the regulatory function of RstA, providing an insight into mechanisms that may be potential drug targets for treatment of EHEC O157-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Liu
- 1The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071 People's Republic of China.,TEDA, Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People's Republic of China
| | - Shujie Li
- 1The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071 People's Republic of China.,TEDA, Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People's Republic of China
| | - Wendi Li
- 1The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071 People's Republic of China.,TEDA, Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People's Republic of China
| | - Peisheng Wang
- 1The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071 People's Republic of China.,TEDA, Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Ding
- 1The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071 People's Republic of China.,TEDA, Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Li
- 1The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071 People's Republic of China.,TEDA, Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People's Republic of China
| | - Junyue Wang
- 1The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071 People's Republic of China.,TEDA, Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Yang
- 1The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071 People's Republic of China.,TEDA, Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- 1The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071 People's Republic of China.,TEDA, Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Xu
- 3Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020 People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Xiong
- 1The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071 People's Republic of China.,TEDA, Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yang
- 1The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071 People's Republic of China.,TEDA, Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457 People's Republic of China
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Zoja C, Buelli S, Morigi M. Shiga toxin triggers endothelial and podocyte injury: the role of complement activation. Pediatr Nephrol 2019; 34:379-388. [PMID: 29214442 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-017-3850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is the offending agent in post-diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and acute kidney failure, with thrombi occluding the renal microvasculature. Endothelial dysfunction has been recognized as the trigger event in the development of microangiopathic processes. Glomerular endothelial cells are susceptible to the toxic effects of Stxs that, via nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation, induce the expression of genes encoding for adhesion molecules and chemokines, culminating in leukocyte adhesion and platelet thrombus formation on the activated endothelium. Complement activation via the alternative pathway has been seen in patients during the acute phase of STEC-associated HUS. Experimental evidence has highlighted the role of complement proteins in driving glomerular endothelium toward a thrombogenic phenotype. At the glomerular level, podocytes are also an important target of Stx-induced complement activation. Glomerular injury as a consequence of podocyte dysfunction and loss is thus a mechanism that might affect long-term renal outcomes in the disease. New approaches to targeting the complement system may be useful therapeutic options for patients with STEC-HUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlamaria Zoja
- Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via Stezzano, 87, 24126, Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Simona Buelli
- Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via Stezzano, 87, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marina Morigi
- Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via Stezzano, 87, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
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28
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Yamada S, Shimizu M, Kuroda M, Inoue N, Sugimoto N, Yachie A. Interleukin-33/ST2 signaling contributes to the severity of hemolytic uremic syndrome induced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Clin Exp Nephrol 2018; 23:544-550. [PMID: 30467800 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-018-1675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interleukin (IL)-33 plays an important role in host defense, immune regulation, and inflammation. This study assessed IL-33's role in the pathogenesis of severe hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) induced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). We also investigated the clinical significance of IL-33 and soluble ST2 (soluble form of IL-33 receptor) serum levels in patients with EHEC-induced HUS. METHODS The role of IL-33 in Shiga toxin (STx)-2-induced endothelial injury was studied in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. Blood samples were obtained from 21 HUS patients and 15 healthy controls (HC). The IL-33 and sST2 serum levels were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were compared to HUS' clinical features. RESULTS Cytotoxic assays indicated that IL-33 enhanced STx2 toxicity in HUVECs. Serum IL-33 levels in most HUS patients were below the lowest detection limit. On the other hand, serum sST2 levels in patients during the HUS phase were significantly higher than those in HC and showed a correlation with disease severity. Serum sST2 levels in patients with encephalopathy were significantly higher than those in patients without it. A serum sST2 level > 63.2 pg/mL was associated with a high risk of encephalopathy. Serum sST2 levels significantly correlated with serum levels of inflammatory cytokines related to the development of HUS. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that IL-33 contributes to the severity of EHEC-induced HUS. Serum sST2 level in HUS patients correlated with disease activity, which suggests its potential role as a marker for disease activity and development of encephalopathy in patients with EHEC-induced HUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Yamada
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Masaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Mondo Kuroda
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Natsumi Inoue
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yachie
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
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Vanitha HD, Sethulekshmi C, Latha C. An epidemiological investigation on occurrence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in raw milk. Vet World 2018; 11:1164-1170. [PMID: 30250379 PMCID: PMC6141287 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1164-1170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present investigation was to study the epidemiology of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) in raw milk and molecular characterization of isolates using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 125 raw milk samples were subjected to isolation, identification, and confirmation of virulence-associated genes by multiplex PCR (mPCR). The samples were collected from a milk cooperative society of Thrissur district, Kerala. For further epidemiological investigation, samples such as dung (126), hair coat of cow (60), udder swab (60), udder wash (60), milking utensil wash (36), Milker's hand wash (36), water (36), soil (36), and feed (36) were collected from the households from which the raw milk tested positive for EHEC. RESULTS The occurrence of EHEC in individual raw milk samples was found to be 8.8%. The major source of contamination to raw milk was found to be dung (19.84%) followed by udder swab (16.67%), hair coat of cow (15%), Milker's hand and milking utensils and water (11.11% each), and udder wash and soil (8.33% each). For identification of virulence genes, all the isolates were subjected to mPCR, of 75 isolates 73.33% of isolates harbored stx 2 gene while 53.33, 36, and 36% of isolates were encoded by stx 1, eae A, and hly A genes, respectively. On epidemiological survey, the multiple risk factors accountable for occurrence of EHEC in raw milk were found to be the quality of water used, improper and inadequate udder preparation, unhygienic hands of Milker's, use of insufficiently cleaned milking utensils, and using common utensil for washings of udder and milking purposes. CONCLUSION The result of the present study signifies that raw milk was contaminated with EHEC and possesses a high public health threat. As dairy cattle and its environment serve as a potential niche for EHEC, hygienic milking practices should be adopted to curb the occurrence of EHEC in raw milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. D. Vanitha
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur - 680 651, Kerala, India
| | - C. Sethulekshmi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur - 680 651, Kerala, India
| | - C. Latha
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur - 680 651, Kerala, India
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Karimi S, Azizi F, Nayeb-Aghaee M, Mahmoodnia L. The antimicrobial activity of probiotic bacteria Escherichia coli isolated from different natural sources against hemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7. Electron Physician 2018; 10:6548-6553. [PMID: 29765581 PMCID: PMC5942577 DOI: 10.19082/6548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diarrheal diseases have been seen in all geographical areas throughout the world. Therefore, considering treatment, could be deemed a necessary action. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial effect of probiotic bacterial strains isolated from different natural sources against 2 pathotypes of pathogenic E. coli. Methods This cross-sectional study of Martyr Chamran University of Ahvaz was carried out from December 2013 to July 2014. A total of 13 probiotic colonies isolated from 20 samples of traditional dairy products including (yogurt, cheese, milk) and 20 samples of vegetables including carrots and cabbages (red and white) of which 5 isolates were selected to evaluate the antimicrobial effect against 2 Escherichia coli pathotypes, randomly. Antimicrobial effect was evaluated using two methods: disk diffusion and well diffusion tests and measuring growth inhibition zones of probiotics against 2 pathotypes of pathogenic E. coli. Results Obtained results showed growth inhibition effects of all 5 probiotic strains against Escherichia coli pathotypes in both used methods. All selected strains showed considerable antimicrobial effect on Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain, but had no inhibitory effect against Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Conclusion This study demonstrated considerable antimicrobial effect against E. coli O157:H7 strain. Due to this, characteristic and similar antimicrobial effects of probiotics bacteria, increasing use of the probiotics as a natural and modern method for prevention of different diseases is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Karimi
- M.Sc. of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azizi
- M.Sc. of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Leila Mahmoodnia
- Nephrology Fellowship, Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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31
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Rafat C, Coppo P, Fakhouri F, Frémeaux-Bacchi V, Loirat C, Zuber J, Rondeau E. [Hemolytic and uremic syndrome and related thrombotic microangiopathies: Epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinics]. Rev Med Interne 2017; 38:817-824. [PMID: 28711159 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA) represent an eclectic group of conditions, which share hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia as a common defining basis. Remarkable breakthroughs in the physiopathological setting have allowed for a thorough recomposition of the disparate syndromes, which form the constellation of TMA. In this view, clinicians now discriminate thrombocytopenic thrombotic purpura (TTP) defined by a severe deficiency in ADAMTS13, which is rarely associated with a severe renal involvement and the hemolytic and uremic syndrome (HUS) in which renal impairment is the most prominent clinical feature. HUS can result from toxins stemming from bacterial infections of the digestive tract, alternate complement pathway abnormalities, metabolic or coagulation disorders or, lastly, drug and various toxic compounds. The diverse forms of HUS reflect the insights gained in the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning TMA. In this first part, a broad overview of the epidemiological, physiopathological and clinical aspects of HUS and related TMA syndromes is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rafat
- Urgences néphrologiques et transplantation rénale, hôpital Tenon, Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre national de référence des microangiopathies thrombotiques (CNR-MAT), AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - P Coppo
- Centre national de référence des microangiopathies thrombotiques (CNR-MAT), AP-HP, Paris, France; Service d'hématologie, hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Unité Inserm UMR 1170, Villejuif, France
| | - F Fakhouri
- Centre national de référence des microangiopathies thrombotiques (CNR-MAT), AP-HP, Paris, France; Service de néphrologie et d'immunologie, unité Inserm UMR 643, centre hospitalo-universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - V Frémeaux-Bacchi
- Centre national de référence des microangiopathies thrombotiques (CNR-MAT), AP-HP, Paris, France; Laboratoire d'immunologie, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - C Loirat
- Centre national de référence des microangiopathies thrombotiques (CNR-MAT), AP-HP, Paris, France; Service de néphrologie pédiatrique, hôpital Robert-Debré, Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - J Zuber
- Centre national de référence des microangiopathies thrombotiques (CNR-MAT), AP-HP, Paris, France; Service de transplantation rénale, unité Inserm UMR_S1163, institut imagine, hôpital Necker, Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - E Rondeau
- Centre national de référence des microangiopathies thrombotiques (CNR-MAT), AP-HP, Paris, France; Urgences néphrologiques et transplantation rénale, unité Inserm UMR 1155, hôpital Tenon, Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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Agga GE, Arthur TM, Hinkley S, Bosilevac JM. Evaluation of Rectoanal Mucosal Swab Sampling for Molecular Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in Beef Cattle. J Food Prot 2017; 80:661-667. [PMID: 28294683 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cattle are a primary reservoir of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), and contaminated beef products are a source of human infections. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service declared seven EHEC serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157) as adulterants in raw ground beef. Sampling a large number of animals for EHEC surveillance or evaluations of EHEC-focused preharvest interventions requires a convenient and robust sampling method. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of rectoanal mucosal swab (RAMS) for the detection of the top seven EHEC serogroups. Paired fecal grab (FG) and RAMS samples were collected from 176 beef cattle and tested using the NeoSEEK Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) confirmation method. The prevalence of virulence-associated genes (stx1, stx2, stx2c, eae, and nleB) was higher in RAMS than in FG samples. The results of the two methods had poor agreement, as indicated by kappa statistics, for the detection of the seven serogroups. When FG and RAMS results were combined for comparison, RAMS was more sensitive than FG for the detection of serogroups O103 (82% versus 39%), O157 (75% versus 67%), and O45 (79% versus 73%) with similar sensitivity for the detection of serogroup O145 (67%). Serogroups O111 and O121 were detected from one and two samples, respectively, by FG and were not detected by RAMS. Serogroup O26 was not detected with either method. RAMS appears to be equivalent or superior to FG sampling for detection of the top seven EHEC serogroups in the feces of beef cattle with the NeoSEEK STEC confirmation test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getahun E Agga
- 1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933; and
| | - Terrance M Arthur
- 1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933; and
| | - Susanne Hinkley
- 2 Neogen Corporation, NeoSEEK Laboratory, 4131 North 48th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68504, USA
| | - Joseph M Bosilevac
- 1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933; and
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Bosilevac JM, Wang R, Luedtke BE, Hinkley S, Wheeler TL, Koohmaraie M. Characterization of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli on Veal Hides and Carcasses. J Food Prot 2017; 80:136-145. [PMID: 28221873 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are Shiga toxin-producing E. coli associated with the most severe forms of foodborne illnesses. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service has identified a higher percentage of non-O157 EHEC compared with E. coli O157:H7-positive samples collected from veal trimmings than from products produced from other cattle slaughter classes. Therefore samples were collected from hides and preevisceration carcasses at five veal processors to assess E. coli O157:H7 and non-O157 EHEC contamination during bob veal and formula-fed veal dressing procedures. E. coli O157:H7 prevalence was measured by culture isolation and found to be on 20.3% of hides and 6.7% of carcasses. In contrast, a non-O157 EHEC molecular screening assay identified 90.3% of hides and 68.2% of carcasses as positive. Only carcass samples were taken forward to culture confirmation and 38.7% yielded one or more non-O157 EHEC isolates. The recovery of an EHEC varied by plant and sample collection date; values ranged from 2.1 to 87.8% among plants and from 4.2 to 64.2% within the same plant. Three plants were resampled after changes were made to sanitary dressing procedures. Between the two collection times at the three plants, hide-to-carcass transfer of E. coli O157:H7 and non-O157 EHEC was significantly reduced. All adulterant EHEC serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145) were isolated from veal carcasses as well as four other potentially pathogenic serogroups (O5, O84, O118, and O177). Bob veal was found to have a greater culture prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 and greater positive molecular screens for non-O157 EHEC than formula-fed veal (P < 0.05), but the percentage of culture-confirmed non-O157 EHEC was not different (P > 0.05) between the two types of calves. EHEC-O26, -O111, and -O121 were found more often in bob veal (P < 0.05), whereas EHEC-O103 was found more often in formula-fed veal (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Bosilevac
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, State Spur 18D, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933
| | - Rong Wang
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, State Spur 18D, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933
| | - Brandon E Luedtke
- University of Nebraska-Kearney, 2401 11th Avenue, Kearney, Nebraska 68849
| | - Susanne Hinkley
- NeoSEEK Laboratory, Neogen Corp., 4131 North 48th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68504
| | - Tommy L Wheeler
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, State Spur 18D, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933
| | - Mohammad Koohmaraie
- IEH Laboratories and Consulting Group, 15300 Bothell Way N.E., Lake Forest Park, Washington 98155, USA
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Snyder AB, Perry JJ, Yousef AE. Developing and optimizing bacteriophage treatment to control enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli on fresh produce. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 236:90-7. [PMID: 27454784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophages are potentially useful in controlling foodborne pathogens on minimally processed products since phage application is a non-destructive treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a newly isolated environmental bacteriophage against enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli on fresh produce, and optimize the treatment with consideration for potential application. Seven anti E. coli O157:H7 EDL933 bacteriophages were isolated from various sources; the most promising was isolated from municipal wastewater. This isolate (designated as E. coli phage OSY-SP) was propagated with the host, in a growth medium, to a titer of 10(8) PFU/ml. Before inoculation into fresh produce, E. coli phage OSY-SP was incubated with the host bacterium, spent medium was filter-sterilized, and the resulting crude lysate was used as a source of phage inocula for preliminary experiments. For optimized testing, phage in the crude lysate was purified by ultra-centrifugation and resuspension in phosphate-buffered saline. Efficacy of phage treatments was determined as a function of fresh produce type (cut green pepper or spinach leaves), treatment time (2 or 5min rinsing), and temperature of holding treated produce (4°C, 25°, or a combination of both temperatures). Cut green pepper was treated with UV light, to eliminate background microbiota, then spot-inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 EDL933 on cut edges, and the inoculum was allowed to dry. Because of its susceptibility to damage, baby spinach leaves were not subjected to a decontamination treatment. These leaves were inoculated with the green fluorescent protein-labeled E. coli O157:H7 B6-914 to facilitate inoculum enumeration in the presence of background microbiota. Phage suspension was applied to the inoculated fresh produce that was subsequently held for three days under variable storage conditions. The optimized phage treatment decreased the populations of pathogenic E. coli by 2.4-3.0logCFU/g on cut green pepper (5-min rinse) and 3.4-3.5logCFU/g on spinach leaves (2-min rinse), during 72h storage. The majority of this decline was caused by the antimicrobial action of the phage. These findings suggest the utility of bacteriophage to selectively control pathogens on fresh produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail B Snyder
- Department of Food Science & Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Jennifer J Perry
- Department of Food Science & Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Ahmed E Yousef
- Department of Food Science & Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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Wan B, Zhang Q, Tao J, Zhou A, Yao YF, Ni J. Global transcriptional regulation by H-NS and its biological influence on the virulence of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Gene 2016; 588:115-23. [PMID: 27173635 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
As a global transcriptional regulator, H-NS, the histone-like nucleoid-associated DNA-binding and bridging protein, plays a wide range of biological roles in bacteria. In order to determine the role of H-NS in regulating gene transcription and further find out the biological significance of this protein in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), we conducted transcriptome analysis of hns mutant by RNA sequencing. A total of 983 genes were identified to be regulated by H-NS in EHEC. 213 and 770 genes were down-regulated and up-regulated in the deletion mutant of hns, respectively. Interestingly, 34 of 97 genes on virulence plasmid pO157 were down-regulated by H-NS. Although the deletion mutant of hns showed a decreased survival rate in macrophage compared with the wild type strain, it exhibited the higher ability to colonize mice gut and became more virulent to BALB/c mice. The BALB/c mice infected with the deletion mutant of hns showed a lower survival rate, and a higher bacterial burden in the gut, compared with those infected with wild type strain, especially when the gut microbiota was not disturbed by antibiotic administration. These findings suggest that H-NS plays an important role in virulence of EHEC by interacting with host gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Wan
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiufen Zhang
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yu-Feng Yao
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jinjing Ni
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Lee WC, Kwon YH. Comparative study on the epidemiological aspects of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infections between Korea and Japan, 2006 to 2010. Korean J Intern Med 2016; 31:579-84. [PMID: 26886212 PMCID: PMC4855089 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2014.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To compare the epidemiological aspects of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) between Korea and Japan by analyzing the current state of EHEC infection outbreaks and related risk factors. METHODS We investigated the epidemiological aspects of EHEC infection cases between Korea and Japan from 2006 to 2010. The following factors were analyzed: national prevalence rate (PR), regional prevalence rate, epidemic aspects (i.e., Cases related to gender), male to female morbidity ratio, age, and seasonal distribution. RESULTS In total, there were 254 cases of EHEC with an average PR of 0.11 per 100,000 populations in Korea from 2006 to 2010. During the same period in Japan, there were 20,883 cases of EHEC with an average PR of 3.26 per 100,000 populations. The PR in Japan was significantly higher than that in Korea (p < 0.01). In both countries, more females than males had EHEC infections, with the highest incidence of infections (> 50%) observed for individuals younger than 9 years. EHEC is an emerging zoonosis and may be caused by consumption of raw or undercooked meat products from ruminants. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a quantitative analysis of the epidemiological aspects and risk factors of EHEC infections in Korea and Japan and will provide insight on effective future strategies to reduce these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Chang Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hwan Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aeromedical Center of Korean Air, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Young Hwan Kwon, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Aeromedical Center of Korean Air, 260 Haneul-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07505, Korea Tel: +82-2-2656-7150 Fax: +82-2-2656-3839 E-mail:
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Shimizu M, Inoue N, Kuroda M, Mizuta M, Sugimoto N, Kaneda H, Ohta K, Yachie A. Angiopoietin-1 and -2 as markers for disease severity in hemolytic uremic syndrome induced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Clin Exp Nephrol 2016; 21:76-82. [PMID: 26945868 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-016-1254-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiopoietin (Ang)-1 and -2 play important roles in maintaining vascular homeostasis. This study aimed to assess the roles of angiopoietin (Ang)-1 and -2 and to investigate the clinical significance of their serum levels in patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) induced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). METHODS Twenty patients with HUS and 15 healthy controls were studied. Serum Ang-1 and Ang-2 levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were compared with the clinical features of HUS. RESULTS During the HUS phase, serum Ang-1 levels were significantly decreased, whereas serum Ang-2 levels and the Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio were significantly elevated. Compared with patients without encephalopathy, serum Ang-2 levels and Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio were significantly elevated in patients with encephalopathy. Patients with HUS and serum Ang-2 levels of >7061 pg/mL or Ang2/Ang1 ratios of >2.29 were at high risk of encephalopathy. Serum Ang-1 levels were significantly decreased in patients in the pre-HUS phase compared with those in healthy controls. CONCLUSION Disruption of homeostasis of vascular endothelial function by Ang-1 and -2 may be closely associated with the development of HUS. Serum Ang-1 and -2 levels and the Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio may be promising indicators of disease activity in HUS and the development of encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Natsumi Inoue
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Mondo Kuroda
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Mao Mizuta
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kaneda
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyama City Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Ohta
- Department of Pediatrics, Kanazawa Medical Center, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yachie
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
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Abstract
Background: EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is an infectious zoonotic pathogen causing human infections. These infections, in some cases, can lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome and its life-threatening complications and even death worldwide. The first intimate bacterial adhesion, intimin (I), with its own receptor translocated intimin receptor (Tir) and E. coli secreted protein A, acting as Tir conduit, are highly immunogenic proteins for vaccine development against E. coli O157:H7. Methods: A chimeric trivalent recombinant protein was previously found to be a suitable strategy for developing vaccines against E. coli O157:H7. In this study, the recombinant EIT (rEIT) was used to design a protective EHEC nasal nanovaccine. Chitosan and its water-soluble derivative, trimethylated chitosan (TMC), as muco-adhesive biopolymers, are good candidates for preparation of nanovaccines. Using the electrospraying technique, as a novel method, we could obtain particles of rEIT loaded with chitosan and TMC on a nanometer scale. Mice were immunized with intranasal administration or intrapretoneal injection of rEIT. Results: The rEIT-specific immune responses (IgG and IgA) were measured by indirect ELISA. Only nasal administration of chitosan electrospray and TMC formulation produced significant secretion IgA. Intranasal administration of nanovaccine reduced the duration of bacterial fecal shedding on mice challenged with E. coli O157:H7. Conclusion: Since development of mucosal vaccines for the prevention of infectious diseases requires efficient antigen delivery; therefore, this research could be a new strategy for developing vaccine against E. coli O157:H7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahere Doavi
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Latif Mousavi
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kamali
- Nano Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fasihi Ramandi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Wang H, Li Q, Fang Y, Yu S, Tang B, Na L, Yu B, Zou Q, Mao X, Gu J. Biochemical and functional characterization of the periplasmic domain of the outer membrane protein A from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Microbiol Res 2015; 182:109-15. [PMID: 26686619 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) plays multiple roles in the physiology and pathogenesis of the zoonotic pathogen enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). The N-terminus of OmpA forms a transmembrane domain (OmpA™), and the roles of this domain in bacterial pathogenesis have been well studied. However, how its C-terminal domain (OmpAper), which is located at the periplasmic space in the bacterial membrane, contributes to virulence remains unclear. Herein, we report that OmpAper forms a dimer and binds to peptidoglycan in vitro. Furthermore, OmpAper is responsible for bacterial resistance to acidic conditions, high osmotic pressure and high SDS environments. In addition, OmpAper contributes to the adhesion of bacteria to HeLa cells in vitro and ex vivo. These results provide an additional understanding of the role of OmpA in EHEC physiology and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiguang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Southwest Hospital & College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Fang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Na
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhu Mao
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Southwest Hospital & College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiang Gu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China.
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Kuroda M, Shimizu M, Inoue N, Ikeno I, Nakagawa H, Yokoi A, Niida Y, Konishi M, Kaneda H, Igarashi N, Yamahana J, Taneichi H, Kanegane H, Ito M, Saito S, Furuichi K, Wada T, Nakagawa M, Yokoyama H, Yachie A. Serum tau protein as a marker of disease activity in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O111-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome. Neurochem Int 2015; 85-86:24-30. [PMID: 25895963 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tau protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum are elevated in patients with various central nervous system diseases. We investigated whether serum tau protein levels are useful for predicting and assessing disease activity of acute encephalopathy (AE) in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O111-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS; EHEC encephalopathy). Serum samples were obtained from 14 patients with EHEC O111/HUS, 20 patients with non-EHEC-related AE, and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. CSF samples were obtained from 2 patients with EHEC encephalopathy and 20 patients with non-EHEC-related AE. Tau protein levels and levels of several proinflammatory cytokines were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results were compared with the clinical features of EHEC encephalopathy, including magnetic resonance image (MRI) findings. Serum tau levels in patients with EHEC encephalopathy were significantly elevated compared with those in patients with EHEC O111/HUS without encephalopathy, patients with non-EHEC-related AE, and healthy controls. The ratio of CSF tau levels to serum tau levels was >1.0 in all patients with non-EHEC-related AE but <1.0 in 2 patients with EHEC encephalopathy. Serum tau protein levels increased rapidly and markedly in patients with severe EHEC 0111/HUS and encephalopathy when HUS occurred, but were not elevated in mild patients, even in the HUS phase. Furthermore, changes in serum tau protein levels in patients with EHEC encephalopathy were consistent with abnormalities on brain MRI and were positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokine levels. Our results indicate that serum tau protein might be useful to predict and assess disease activity of EHEC encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mondo Kuroda
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Natsumi Inoue
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Iku Ikeno
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Nakagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ayano Yokoi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yo Niida
- Divisions of Genomic Medicine, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Michio Konishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tonami General Hospital, Tonami, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kaneda
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyama City Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Noboru Igarashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Junya Yamahana
- Division of Nephrology, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Taneichi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kanegane
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mika Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kengo Furuichi
- Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Wada
- Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masaru Nakagawa
- Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yokoyama
- Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yachie
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Ito M, Shiozaki A, Shimizu M, Saito S. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome with acute encephalopathy in a pregnant woman infected with epidemic enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli: characteristic brain images and cytokine profiles. Int J Infect Dis 2015; 34:119-21. [PMID: 25841635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A food-poisoning outbreak due to enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) occurred in Toyama, Japan. The case of a 26-year-old pregnant woman with hemolytic-uremic syndrome who developed acute encephalopathy due to EHEC infection after eating raw meat is presented herein. On day 2 following admission, a cesarean section was performed because of a non-reassuring fetal status. Fecal bacterial culture confirmed an O111/O157 superinfection. Intensive care therapies including continuous hemodiafiltration and plasma exchange were performed. After the operation, the patient developed encephalopathy for which steroid pulse therapy was added. Her condition improved gradually and she was discharged 55 days after delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - A Shiozaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - M Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - S Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is among the common causes of foodborne gastroenteritis. STEC is defined by the production of specific toxins, but within this pathotype there is a diverse group of organisms. This diversity has important consequences for understanding the pathogenesis of the organism, as well as for selecting the optimum strategy for diagnostic testing in the clinical laboratory. This review includes discussions of the mechanisms of pathogenesis, the range of manifestations of infection, and the several different methods of laboratory detection of Shiga toxin-producing E coli.
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Kameyama M, Yabata J, Nomura Y, Tominaga K. Detection of CMY-2 AmpC β-lactamase-producing enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 from outbreak strains in a nursery school in Japan. J Infect Chemother 2015; 21:544-6. [PMID: 25835518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In 2013, an outbreak of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 occurred in a nursery school in Japan. The outbreak affected 12 school children and five members of their families. All 17 isolates obtained from these individuals were found to be clonal, as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis and multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis. The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the isolates to 20 drugs were examined, with three isolates showing resistance to the extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) and cephamycin, including cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and cefminox. The resistant isolates carried the blaCMY-2 AmpC β-lactamase gene. It is proposed that the ESC-resistant EHEC O157:H7 isolates might have acquired the resistance plasmid encoding the blaCMY-2 gene during human to human infection in the nursery school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Kameyama
- Department of Health Science, Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, 2-5-67 Aoi, Yamaguchi 753-0821, Japan.
| | - Junko Yabata
- Department of Health Science, Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, 2-5-67 Aoi, Yamaguchi 753-0821, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nomura
- Department of Health Science, Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, 2-5-67 Aoi, Yamaguchi 753-0821, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Tominaga
- Department of Health Science, Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, 2-5-67 Aoi, Yamaguchi 753-0821, Japan
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44
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Gomez SA, Kulow M, Anklam KS, Park D, Kaspar CW, Ivanek R, Döpfer D. Gene markers of generic Escherichia coli associated with colonization and persistence of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle. Prev Vet Med 2014; 117:140-8. [PMID: 25112682 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 are important foodborne pathogens whose major reservoir are asymptomatic cattle. There is evidence suggesting that nonpathogenic E. coli and bacteriophages in the gastro-intestinal tract can influence the pathogenicity of EHEC O157. The factors contributing to the onset and persistence of shedding EHEC O157 in cattle are not completely elucidated. This study used Bayesian network analysis to identify genetic markers of generic E. coli associated with shedding of EHEC O157 in cattle from data generated during an oral experimental challenge study in 4 groups of 6 steers inoculated with three different EHEC O157 strains. The quantification of these associations was accomplished using mixed effects logistic regression. The results showed that the concurrent presence of generic E. coli carrying the prophage marker R4-N and the virulence marker stx2 increased the odds of the onset of EHEC O157 shedding. The presence of prophage markers z2322 and X011C increased, while C1.N decreased the odds of shedding EHEC O157 two days later. A significant antagonist interaction effect between the presence of the virulence marker stx2 on the day of shedding EHEC O157 and two days before shedding was also found. In terms of the persistence of EHEC O157 shedding, the presence of prophage marker R4-N (OR=16, and 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1, 252) was found to increase the odds of stopping EHEC O157 shedding, whereas prophage marker C1.N (OR=0.16, CI: 0.03, 0.7) and the enterohemolysin gene hly (OR=0.03, CI: 0.001, 0.8) were found to significantly decrease the odds of stopping EHEC O157 shedding. In conclusion, the study found that the presence of certain genetic markers in the generic E. coli genome can influence the pathogenicity of EHEC O157.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia A Gomez
- Department of Statistics, UW-Madison, 1220 Medical Sciences Center, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Megan Kulow
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, UW-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kelly S Anklam
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, UW-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Donjin Park
- Department of Bacteriology, UW-Madison, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Charles W Kaspar
- Department of Bacteriology, UW-Madison, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Renata Ivanek
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, 4458 Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Dörte Döpfer
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, UW-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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45
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Le Bihan G, Jubelin G, Garneau P, Bernalier-Donadille A, Martin C, Beaudry F, Harel J. Transcriptome analysis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 grown in vitro in the sterile-filtrated cecal content of human gut microbiota associated rats reveals an adaptive expression of metabolic and virulence genes. Microbes Infect 2015; 17:23-33. [PMID: 25290220 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In developed countries, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is a leading cause of bloody diarrhea and renal failures in human. Understanding strategies employed by EHEC to colonize the intestine is of major importance since to date no cure exists to eradicate the pathogen. In this study, the adaptive response of EHEC to the intestinal milieu conditioned by a human microbiota was examined. A transcriptomic analysis was performed on the EHEC strain EDL933 incubated in vitro in the sterile-filtrated cecal content of human microbiota-associated rats (HMC) compared with EDL933 incubated in the sterile-filtrated cecal content of germ-free rat (GFC). EDL933 switches from a glycolytic metabolic profile in the GFC to an anaplerotic metabolic profile in HMC. The expression of several catabolism genes was strongly affected such as those involved in the utilization of sugars, glycerol, N-acetylneuraminic acid, amino acids and secondary metabolites. Interestingly, expression level of critical EHEC O157:H7 virulence genes including genes from the locus of enterocyte effacement was reduced in HMC. Altogether, these results contribute to the understanding of EHEC adaptive response to a digestive content and highlight the ability of the microbiota to repress EHEC virulence gene expression.
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Chagnot C, Caccia N, Loukiadis E, Ganet S, Durand A, Bertin Y, Talon R, Astruc T, Desvaux M. Colonization of the meat extracellular matrix proteins by O157 and non-O157 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 188:92-8. [PMID: 25090606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are anthropozoonotic agents that range third among food-borne pathogens respective to their incidence and dangerousness in the European Union. EHEC are Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) responsible for foodborne poisoning mainly incriminated to the consumption of contaminated beef meat. Among the hundreds of STEC serotypes identified, EHEC mainly belong to O157:H7 but non-O157 can represent 20 to 70% of EHEC infections per year. Seven of those serogroups are especially of high-risk for human health, i.e. O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145 and O104. While meat can be contaminated all along the food processing chain, EHEC contamination essentially occurs at the dehiding stage of slaughtering. Investigating bacterial colonization to the skeletal-muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, it appeared that environmental factors influenced specific and non-specific bacterial adhesion of O157 and non-O157 EHEC as well as biofilm formation. Importantly, mechanical treatment (i.e. shaking, centrifugation, pipetting and vortexing) inhibited and biased the results of bacterial adhesion assay. Besides stressing the importance of the protocol to investigate bacterial adhesion to ECM proteins, this study demonstrated that the colonization abilities to ECM proteins vary among EHEC serogroups and should ultimately be taken into consideration to evaluate the risk of contamination for different types of food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Chagnot
- INRA, UR454 Microbiologie, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France; INRA, UR370 Qualité des Produits Animaux, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Nelly Caccia
- INRA, UR454 Microbiologie, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Estelle Loukiadis
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, LMAP Laboratory, National Reference Laboratory for E. coli (including STEC), F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France; Université de Lyon, UMR 5557 Ecologie Microbienne, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, Research Group on Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sarah Ganet
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, LMAP Laboratory, National Reference Laboratory for E. coli (including STEC), F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France; Université de Lyon, UMR 5557 Ecologie Microbienne, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, Research Group on Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alexandra Durand
- INRA, UR454 Microbiologie, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Yolande Bertin
- INRA, UR454 Microbiologie, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Régine Talon
- INRA, UR454 Microbiologie, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Thierry Astruc
- INRA, UR370 Qualité des Produits Animaux, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- INRA, UR454 Microbiologie, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France.
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47
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Rad HS, Mousavi SL, Rasooli I, Amani J, Nadooshan MRJ. EspA-Intimin chimeric protein, a candidate vaccine against Escherichia coli O157:H7. Iran J Microbiol 2013; 5:244-51. [PMID: 24475331 PMCID: PMC3895562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is an important enteric pathogen in human causing bloody or nonbloody diarrhea, which may be complicated by hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Cattle are an important reservoir of EHEC. This research aims at vaccination with a divalent chimer protein composed of EspA120 and Intimin 282 and its preventive effect of EHEC O157 colonization in mice rectal epithelium. MATERIALS AND METHODS A divalent recombinant EspA-Intimin (EI) protein containing EspA120 and Intimin280 attached with a linker was amplified from a trivalent construct and cloned in pET-28a (+) vector. The immunization was conducted in mice after expression and purification of the recombinant EI (rEI). RESULTS Mice subcutaneously immunized with rEI, elicited significant rEI specific serum IgG antibodies and showed significantly decreased E.coli O157:H7 shedding compared to the control group. CONCLUSION The chimeric recombinant protein induced strong humoral response as well as protection against oral challenges with live E.coli O157:H7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Sedighian Rad
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah Medical Science University, Tehran
| | - Seyed Latif Mousavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran, Corresponding author: Prof. Seyed Latif Mousavi, Address: Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran-Qom Highway,Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-21-51212600, Fax: +98-21-51212601. E-mail:
| | - Iraj Rasooli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah Medical Science University, Tehran
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48
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Abstract
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a rare disease. In this work the authors review the recent findings on HUS, considering the different etiologic and pathogenetic classifications. New findings in genetics and, in particular, mutations of genes that encode the complement-regulatory proteins have improved our understanding of atypical HUS. Similarly, the complement proteins are clearly involved in all types of thrombotic microangiopathy: typical HUS, atypical HUS and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Furthermore, several secondary HUS appear to be related to abnormalities in complement genes in predisposed patients. The authors highlight the therapeutic aspects of this rare disease, examining both "traditional therapy" (including plasma therapy, kidney and kidney-liver transplantation) and "new therapies". The latter include anti-Shiga-toxin antibodies and anti-C5 monoclonal antibody "eculizumab". Eculizumab has been recently launched for the treatment of the atypical HUS, but it appears to be effective in the treatment of typical HUS and in TTP. Future therapies are in phases I and II. They include anti-C5 antibodies, which are more purified, less immunogenic and absorbed orally and, anti-C3 antibodies, which are more powerful, but potentially less safe. Additionally, infusions of recombinant complement-regulatory proteins are a potential future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Salvadori
- Maurizio Salvadori, Elisabetta Bertoni, Renal Unit, Careggi Hospital, Careggi University, Florence 50139, Italy
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49
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Larrie-Bagha SM, Rasooli I, Mousavi-Gargari SL, Rasooli Z, Nazarian S. Passive immunization by recombinant ferric enterobactin protein (FepA) from Escherichia coli O157. Iran J Microbiol 2013; 5:113-9. [PMID: 23825727 PMCID: PMC3696845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 has been recognized as a major food borne pathogen responsible for frequent hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. Cattle are important reservoirs of E. coli O157:H7, in which the organism colonizes the intestinal tract and is shed in the feces. OBJECTIVE Vaccination of cattle has significant potential as a pre-harvest intervention strategy for E. coli O157:H7. The aim of this study was to evaluate active and passive immunization against E. coli O157:H7 using a recombinant protein. MATERIALS AND METHODS The recombinant FepA protein induced by IPTG was purified by nickel affinity chromatography. Antibody titre was determined by ELISA in FepA immunized rabbits sera. Sera collected from vaccinated animals were used for bacterial challenge in passive immunization studies. RESULTS The results demonstrate that passive immunization with serum raised against FepA protects rabbits from subsequent infection. CONCLUSION Significant recognition by the antibody of ferric enterobactin binding protein may lead to its application in the restriction of Enterobacteriaceae propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mehdi Larrie-Bagha
- Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran-Qom Express Way, Opposite Imam Khomeini's shrine, Tehran-3319118651, Iran
| | - Iraj Rasooli
- Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran-Qom Express Way, Opposite Imam Khomeini's shrine, Tehran-3319118651, Iran, Corresponding author: Iraj Rasooli, Address: Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran-Qom Express Way, Opposite Imam Khomeini's shrine, Tehran-3319118651, Iran. Tel: +98-21-51212200. Fax: +98-21-5121220. E-mail:
| | - Seyed Latif Mousavi-Gargari
- Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran-Qom Express Way, Opposite Imam Khomeini's shrine, Tehran-3319118651, Iran
| | | | - Shahram Nazarian
- Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran-Qom Express Way, Opposite Imam Khomeini's shrine, Tehran-3319118651, Iran
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50
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Kuznetsov V, Lee HK, Maurer-Stroh S, Molnár MJ, Pongor S, Eisenhaber B, Eisenhaber F. How bioinformatics influences health informatics: usage of biomolecular sequences, expression profiles and automated microscopic image analyses for clinical needs and public health. Health Inf Sci Syst 2013; 1:2. [PMID: 25825654 PMCID: PMC4336111 DOI: 10.1186/2047-2501-1-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The currently hyped expectation of personalized medicine is often associated with just achieving the information technology led integration of biomolecular sequencing, expression and histopathological bioimaging data with clinical records at the individual patients' level as if the significant biomedical conclusions would be its more or less mandatory result. It remains a sad fact that many, if not most biomolecular mechanisms that translate the human genomic information into phenotypes are not known and, thus, most of the molecular and cellular data cannot be interpreted in terms of biomedically relevant conclusions. Whereas the historical trend will certainly be into the general direction of personalized diagnostics and cures, the temperate view suggests that biomedical applications that rely either on the comparison of biomolecular sequences and/or on the already known biomolecular mechanisms have much greater chances to enter clinical practice soon. In addition to considering the general trends, we exemplarily review advances in the area of cancer biomarker discovery, in the clinically relevant characterization of patient-specific viral and bacterial pathogens (with emphasis on drug selection for influenza and enterohemorrhagic E. coli) as well as progress in the automated assessment of histopathological images. As molecular and cellular data analysis will become instrumental for achieving desirable clinical outcomes, the role of bioinformatics and computational biology approaches will dramatically grow. AUTHOR SUMMARY With DNA sequencing and computers becoming increasingly cheap and accessible to the layman, the idea of integrating biomolecular and clinical patient data seems to become a realistic, short-term option that will lead to patient-specific diagnostics and treatment design for many diseases such as cancer, metabolic disorders, inherited conditions, etc. These hyped expectations will fail since many, if not most biomolecular mechanisms that translate the human genomic information into phenotypes are not known yet and, thus, most of the molecular and cellular data collected will not lead to biomedically relevant conclusions. At the same time, less spectacular biomedical applications based on biomolecular sequence comparison and/or known biomolecular mechanisms have the potential to unfold enormous potential for healthcare and public health. Since the analysis of heterogeneous biomolecular data in context with clinical data will be increasingly critical, the role of bioinformatics and computational biology will grow correspondingly in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Kuznetsov
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01, Matrix, 138671 Singapore ; School of Computer Engineering (SCE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553 Singapore
| | - Hwee Kuan Lee
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01, Matrix, 138671 Singapore
| | - Sebastian Maurer-Stroh
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01, Matrix, 138671 Singapore ; School of Biological Sciences (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Maria Judit Molnár
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Tömö Street 25-29, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sandor Pongor
- Faculty of Information Technology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary (PPKE), Práter u. 50/a, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Birgit Eisenhaber
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01, Matrix, 138671 Singapore
| | - Frank Eisenhaber
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01, Matrix, 138671 Singapore ; School of Computer Engineering (SCE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553 Singapore ; Department of Biological Sciences (DBS), National University of Singapore (NUS), 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597 Singapore
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