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Ferrati M, Spinozzi E, Mazzara E, Ianni M, Abouelenein D, Petrelli R, Caprioli G, Ricciutelli M, Garzoli S, Cebollada P, Les F, Lopez V, Maggi F, Cespi M. Microwave-assisted hydrodiffusion and gravity extraction: An efficient method to produce pomegranate juice. Food Chem 2024; 448:139101. [PMID: 38537552 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Green technologies based on microwaves have been developed by the food industry to produce organoleptically acceptable fruit juices without preliminary processing. Microwave irradiation coupled with hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG) combines microwave heating with the earth's gravity, allowing the collection of hydrophilic substances released from the irradiated matrix. To the best of our knowledge, MHG extraction has never been experimented to produce pomegranate juice. In this work, we have evaluated it as a potential alternative to the conventional squeezing. A central composite design study (CCD) allowed the selection of the best extractive conditions (irradiation power and extraction time) to obtain a pomegranate juice with higher yield, polyphenol (e.g., catechin and delphinidin-3,5-glucoside) content, and related bioactivities (antioxidant and antidiabetic) than the one obtained by squeezing while maintaining the chemical-physical properties. Thus, this technique appears to be a functional alternative to producing high value pomegranate juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ferrati
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Spinozzi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Eugenia Mazzara
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Matteo Ianni
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Doaa Abouelenein
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Petrelli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Massimo Ricciutelli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Pilar Cebollada
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Francisco Les
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Spain.
| | - Victor Lopez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Spain.
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Marco Cespi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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Wu W, Mis Solval K, Chen J. Ellagitannin content and anti-enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli activity of aqueous extracts derived from commercial pomegranate products. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29700. [PMID: 38660237 PMCID: PMC11040112 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study compared the efficacy of aqueous extracts of commercially available pomegranate peel products and a juice powder in inhibiting the growth of two enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli strains. Cell suspension of each E. coli strain (5 Log CFU/ml) was added into tryptic soy broth amended with 9 or 23% of each extract prepared with two different methods. After treatment for 5, 10, and 24 h at 25 °C, surviving E. coli cells were enumerated on tryptic soy agar to determine cell population reduction compared to the controls. The concentrations of six different ellagitannins and titratable activity in each treatment system were determined and correlated to E. coli cell population reduction. The extracts from three powdered pomegranate peels caused a significantly greater (p ≤ 0.05) reduction in E. coli population than the extract from the whole peel and juice powder. The higher dose of extracts resulted in a greater cell population reduction than the lower dose. The level of E. coli population reduction correlated positively with the total ellagitannins content (R2 0.67-0.98) and the titratable acidity (R2 0.69-0.98) in the treatment systems. The study suggests that pomegranate peels are promising natural additives or preservatives to control pathogens like EHEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifan Wu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, 30223-1797, USA
| | - Kevin Mis Solval
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, 30223-1797, USA
| | - Jinru Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, 30223-1797, USA
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Al-Habib OAM, Adam LN. Exploring the therapeutic potential of pomegranate juice for uterine relaxation. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38525817 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2024.2334218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of pomegranate juice (PJ) and its components on uterine smooth muscle are unknown. Hence, this study unequivocally demonstrates that pomegranate juice (PJ) significantly impacts myometrial function, providing crucial insights into its relaxant properties and their potential therapeutic applications for uterine-related disorders. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Rat uterine smooth muscle horn strips were suspended in Krebs solution organ baths. Contractions were measured isometrically using a transducer (AD instrument Australia). The effects of PJ were evaluated on contractile activity elicited by potassium chloride (KCl 60 Mm) depolarization. Inhibitors of nitric oxide (L-NAME 3 X 10-4), guanylate cyclase (methylene blue 1 X 10-5), and Prostaglandin I2 (indomethacin 3 X 10-5), as well as Potassium Channels blockers, were determined. RESULTS The juice at concentrations from 1.5-5 mg/ml significantly decreased the rat uterine horn contraction induced by KCl. The NO, cGMP, and PGI2 inhibitors did not block the relaxation response. Furthermore, the PGI2 inhibitor significantly enhanced the relaxation effects; K+ channel blockers had no inhibitory effects on the relaxation responses. Contrarily, GLIB improved considerably relaxation. CONCLUSION Research suggests pomegranate juice's active ingredient may reduce uterine contractions and treat uterotonic disorders, potentially preventing preterm birth and dysmenorrhea. Further research is needed to determine its mechanism of action. TRIAL REGISTRATION Code: AEC-013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A M Al-Habib
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Nawroz, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Lina N Adam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Zakho, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Chen L, Wang L, Cai J, Yang T, Li J, Shu G. Characterization of fermented pomegranate juice: ACE inhibitory activity under in vitro digestion, antioxidant capacity, phenolics composition, chemical properties and sensory evaluation. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:981-990. [PMID: 38371677 PMCID: PMC10866828 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01388-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Consuming pomegranate juice (PJ) is beneficial for hypertensive regulation because of the phenolic compounds in PJ and their inhibitory activity on angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE). To better utilize bioactive function of food, microorganism fermentation has been adopted to alter phenolic metabolism. This study confirms that even under in vitro digestion, fermented PJ (FPJ) maintains higher ACE inhibitory activity than that of PJ. The main phenolic compounds in PJ were compared either under fermentation or in vitro digestion. This study finds that fermentation promotes antioxidant capacity of PJ. The chemical properties of FPJ are evaluated and the corresponding relationship with bioactivities is analyzed. A sensory evaluation comparison is conducted between FPJ and PJ, furnishing interesting information for consumers. This study highlights the relationship between ACE inhibitory activity of PJ and phenolic composition under fermentation and in vitro digestion, providing novel insights for diet regulation of phenolic-rich FPJ in ACE inhibition therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01388-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Linlin Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Cai
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Yang
- College of Foreign Language, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianke Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guowei Shu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710021 People’s Republic of China
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Kalogiouri NP, Ferracane A, Manousi N, Zachariadis G, Tranchida PQ, Mondello L, Samanidou VF, Rosenberg E. A volatilomics analytical protocol employing solid phase microextraction coupled to GC × GC-MS analysis and combined with multivariate chemometrics for the detection of pomegranate juice adulteration. Talanta 2024; 266:125027. [PMID: 37597341 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method combined with two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC × GC-MS) was optimized and used to assess the authenticity of pomegranate juice to prevent fraudulent practices. A divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) fiber was used for the extraction of the volatiles. The critical parameters that affect the extraction process, such as the sample volume, and the extraction time were studied. The optimized protocol involved the addition of 15 mL of juice in 50 mL vial and saturation with 30% w/v NaCl.The extraction was carried out within 45 min under 1000 rpm stirring and was applied in the analysis of real juice samples to assess authenticity and detect low levels of pomegranate juice adulteration with grape and apple juice down to 1%. Commercially available pomegranate juice samples were acquired (n1 = 6) and adulterated with 1% of apple juice (n2 = 6), 1% of grape juice (n3 = 6), and a mixture of 1% apple juice and 1% grape juice (n4 = 6). Authentic pomegranate juice samples and adulterated mixtures were analyzed by SPME-GC × GC-MS. The analysis resulted in the identification of 123 volatile compounds that were further processed with chemometric tools. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to visualize the clustering of the samples, and a two-way orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (O2PLS-DA) chemometric model was developed and successfully classified the samples to authentic pomegranate juice or adulterated with an explained total variance of 87.4%. The O2PLS-DA prediction model revealed characteristic volatile markers that could be used to detect pomegranate juice fraud.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa P Kalogiouri
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece; Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Antonio Ferracane
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Natalia Manousi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece; Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - George Zachariadis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Peter Q Tranchida
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Victoria F Samanidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Erwin Rosenberg
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
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Gao X, Fan D, Li W, Zhang X, Ye Z, Meng Y, Cheng-Yi Liu T. Rapid quantification of the adulteration of pomegranate juices by Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 302:123014. [PMID: 37352785 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The juice drink industry has repeatedly been exposed to adulteration. Unscrupulous producers, for example, use cheap juice for substitution in the pursuit of more significant economic benefits, which presents a tremendous challenge for the control of the quality of drinks. The objective of this study was to apply Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometrics to rapidly quantify the adulteration concentration of apple juice or grape juice in pomegranate juice. Two supervised learning algorithms: partial least squares regression (PLSR) and support vector machine regression (SVR) were used to analyze the Raman spectra of 114 samples. The coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and residual prediction deviation (RPD) of the prediction set when using PLSR and SVR to predict the adulterated concentration of apple juice in pomegranate juice were 0.9357 and 0.9465, 6.446% and 5.974%, 3.945 and 4.322, respectively. The R2, RMSE, and RPD of the prediction set when using PLSR and SVR to predict the adulteration concentration of grape juice in pomegranate juice were 0.9501 and 0.9502, 6.334% and 5.571%, and 4.475 and 4.481, respectively. It was concluded that Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometrics has excellent potential for application as a rapid quantitative method to detect adulterated concentrations of pomegranate juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Laboratory of Photonic Chinese Medicine, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Desheng Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Laboratory of Photonic Chinese Medicine, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Wangfang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Laboratory of Photonic Chinese Medicine, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Laboratory of Photonic Chinese Medicine, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zhijiang Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Laboratory of Photonic Chinese Medicine, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yaoyong Meng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Laboratory of Photonic Chinese Medicine, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Analysis and Testing Center, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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Orhan Dereli B, Türkyılmaz M, Özkan M. Clarification of pomegranate and strawberry juices: Effects of various clarification agents on turbidity, anthocyanins, colour, phenolics and antioxidant activity. Food Chem 2023; 413:135672. [PMID: 36804743 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Effects of clarification on turbidity, anthocyanins (ACNs), colour, phenolics, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity (AA) of pomegranate (PJ) and strawberry juices (SJ) were investigated. Cold-clarification was applied to PJ using only gelatine. For hot-clarification of both juices, bentonite, gelatine and kieselsol were used. Moreover, pectolytic enzyme was added to SJ that contains pectin. Depectinization caused an increase in colour density of SJ and bentonite treatment resulted in low turbidity (9.5 NTU). However, gelatine and kieselsol significantly reduced ACN content (15%) and increased turbidity (70.1 NTU). In PJ, no step during hot-clarification provided low turbidity (93.2-162.0 NTU), while relatively low turbidity (28.7 NTU) and anthocyanin loss (9.8%) was achieved during cold-clarification. Hot-clarification of SJ showed no effect on AA and phenolics, while cold-clarification of PJ reduced both to a limited extent. Therefore, depectinization and bentonite treatment are recommended for hot-clarification of SJ and gelatine for cold-clarification of PJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buket Orhan Dereli
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 50. Yıl Campus Gölbaşı, 06830 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meltem Türkyılmaz
- Institute of Food Safety, Ankara University, Diskapi, 06110 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Özkan
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 50. Yıl Campus Gölbaşı, 06830 Ankara, Turkey
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Hussein AM, El-Beih NM, Swellam M, El-Hussieny EA. Pomegranate juice and punicalagin-mediated chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinogenesis via regulating miR-21 and NF-κB-p65 in a rat model. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:333. [PMID: 36324170 PMCID: PMC9628031 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common neoplasm among primary liver malignancies, accounting for 70%–85% of total liver cancer cases worldwide. It is also the second-leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Recent research has investigated naturally occurring products high in polyphenolic compounds in the regression and prevention of HCC. This study investigated the chemoprevention effects of pomegranate juice (PJ) and punicalagin (PCG) against diethylnitrosamine (DENA)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male albino rats. Methods Animals were randomized into six groups and treated for 11 weeks as follows: group 1 was a negative control group, group 2 was treated orally with 10 mL PJ per kilogram body weight (kg bw), group 3 was treated orally with 18.5 mg PCG/kg bw, and groups 4–6 were injected with an intraperitoneal dose of DENA (50 mg/kg bw) weekly beginning in the third week. Group 4 was a HCC control (DENA-treated group), group 5 was HCC + PJ, and group 6 was HCC + PCG. Results PJ antagonized DENA-induced elevations of ALAT, TNF-α, NF-κB-p65, GST, MDA, and NO and restored total protein, IL-10, SOD, and CAT levels. Moreover, PJ resulted in downregulation of miR-21, Bcl-2, and Bcl-XL and an upregulation of caspase-3 and Bax mRNA expressions. These chemoprevention effects of PJ also alleviated the hepatic preneoplastic lesions induced by DENA. Although PCG treatment induced some modulation in DENA-treated rats, it did not show potent chemoprevention activity and induced some side effects. Conclusion Both of PJ and PCG downregulated miR-21 expression and triggered apoptosis. However, PJ was more effective than pure PCG in alleviating the hepatic antioxidant defense state and the inflammatory status. So, PJ was superior in prevention of DENA-induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis in rats than pure PCG. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya M. Hussein
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Khalifa El‑Maamon St, Abbasiya Sq, Cairo, 11566 Egypt
| | - Nadia M. El-Beih
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Khalifa El‑Maamon St, Abbasiya Sq, Cairo, 11566 Egypt
| | - Menha Swellam
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Enas A. El-Hussieny
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Khalifa El‑Maamon St, Abbasiya Sq, Cairo, 11566 Egypt
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An JA, Lee J, Park J, Auh JH, Lee C. Authentication of pomegranate juice using multidimensional analysis of its metabolites. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:1635-1643. [PMID: 34925939 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the growing popularity and demand of pomegranate juice, its adulteration has also steadily increased. In this study, to authenticate pure or adulterated juice, the major components of pomegranate juice were compared with those of grape, peach, and apple juices (which are common adulterants in pomegranate juice) using liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry, ion chromatography, and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. The various parameters evaluated were as follows: the ratio of malic acid to citric acid content, presence of tartaric acid, and levels of glucose, fructose, and mannitol, and sucrose. Potassium was the most abundant mineral in pomegranate juice, and the content ratio of other minerals/potassium did not exceed 0.1. The reliability of this method was confirmed in blind tests and monitoring experiments with commercial pomegranate juice. In conclusion, a simple and effective method was developed to detect adulteration in pomegranate juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ah An
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546 Republic of Korea
| | - Jihee Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546 Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546 Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hyuck Auh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546 Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546 Republic of Korea
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Abu-Taweel GM, Al-Mutary MG. Pomegranate juice moderates anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in AlCl 3-treated male mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126842. [PMID: 34418746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) exposure was proven to encourage some behavioral deficits and eventually induces anxiety and depression in rodents animals. Therefore, this experiment aimed to scout about the effects of pomegranate juice on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors caused by AlCl3 in male mice. METHODS Six groups of male mice were administrated orally for 35 days by PJ and AlCl3. The control group (G-I) received tap water, while the PJ groups (G-II and G-III) were treated with 20 % and 40 % PJ, respectively. The AlCl3 group (G-IV) was treated with 400 mg/kg/day of AlCl3, and the last two groups (G-V and G-VI) were treated with AlCl3 and 20 % PJ or 40 % PJ, respectively. Then, the open-field (O-F), elevated plus maze (EPM), tail suspension (TS), forced swimming (FS), and light/dark box (L/DB) tests were applied for anxiety- and depression-like behavior studies. In addition, neurotransmitters and oxidative parameters in the brain were evaluated. The plasma cortisol was measured at the end of the experiment. RESULTS Behavioral analyses showed that PJ inhibited AlCl3-induced depressive and anxiogenic effects in the O-F, EPM, TS, FS, L/DB tests. In addition, neurochemical results indicated that PJ at 20 % concentration minimized the AlCl3 toxicity on dopamine (DOP), serotonin (SER), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels in the for-brain of male mice. Moreover, PJ moderated the AlCl3 effects by decreasing the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and enhancing catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione (GSH) activities. The plasma cortisol increased in male mice treated with AlCl3 and in a group treated with a high dose of PJ. CONCLUSION Our results proposed that the anxiety- and depression-like behaviors induced by AlCl3 exposure in male mice can be ameliorated by PJ treatment, probably through the inhibition of oxidative damage and minimizing the changes in neurotransmitters and hormonal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gasem Mohammad Abu-Taweel
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Jazan University, P.O. Box 2079, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen Ghaleb Al-Mutary
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Education, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2375, Dammam, 14513, Saudi Arabia; Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
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Abu-Taweel GM, Al-Mutary MG. Pomegranate juice reverses AlCl 3-Induced neurotoxicity and improves learning and memory in female mice. Environ Res 2021; 199:111270. [PMID: 33992638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aluminum is a neurotoxic element that can accumulate in the brain and cause neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the antioxidants found in pomegranate juice (PJ) are much more than those existing in other fruits. It was proven to provide protection against neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVES This experiment aimed to clarify the amelioration efficiency of PJ against aluminum chloride-induced neurobehavioral and biochemical disorders in female mice. METHODS The female mice were given oral administrations for 35 days as follows. The control group received tap water, the PJ groups received 20% and 40% pomegranate juice, the aluminum chloride (AlCl3) group was treated with 400 mg/kg AlCl3, and the last two groups received AlCl3 + 20% PJ and AlCl3 + 40% PJ, respectively. The neurobehavioral features were assessed by shuttle box, T-maze, and Morris water maze devices. Furthermore, the neurotransmitters and oxidative indicators in the brains of the female mice were determined at the end of experiment. RESULTS Significant effects of AlCl3 were observed on female mice in the body weight, during the behavioral tasks (shuttle box, T-maze, and Morris water maze), and in neurotransmitters and oxidative stress parameters. Pomegranate juice, especially at low concentrations, induced remarkable improvements in body weight, spatial memory and learning during T-maze, Morris water maze and shuttle box tasks, as well as in neurotransmitters and oxidative biomarkers in the AlCl3-treated female mice. CONCLUSION PJ reversed AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity and improved learning and memory in female mice. However, PJ contains a group of antioxidants that may be considered double-edged swords in the cellular redox status especially at high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gasem M Abu-Taweel
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Jazan University, P.O. Box 2079, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen G Al-Mutary
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Education, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2375, Dammam, 14513, Saudi Arabia; Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
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12
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Husain H, Waseem M, Ahmad R. Proteomic and molecular evidences of Il1rl2, Ric8a, Krt18 and Hsp90b1 modulation during experimental hepatic fibrosis and pomegranate supplementation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:696-707. [PMID: 34174316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The inspection of variations in the proteomic aspects conspire the biomarker discovery in diagnostics of peculiar diseases. Recent developments in high-throughput proteomic techniques have provided leverage in the discovery of biomarkers during the etiology of various diseases. We identified potential biomarkers by utilizing proteomics, bioinformatics and gene expression studies. Meticulous assessment of collagen and hydroxyproline levels along with the glycogen and protein carbonyl levels exhibited deterioration in the N' - Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) administered rat livers and subsequent salubrious effect of pomegranate juice. The immunohistochemical inspection of iNOS and nitrite estimation indicated the peccant fibrotic alterations. 2D proteome profiling and MALDI-TOF MS/MS furthered the significant biomarkers to be analyzed for the gene ontology by PANTHER, cluster analysis by DAVID and network simulation by STRING 10.0. Several genes found relevant after MALDI analysis were evaluated by real-time PCR (RTPCR). Our data revealed CYP2b15, HSP70, TRFE, HPT, Il1rl2, Ric8a, Krt18, Hsp90b1 and iNOS as novel biomarkers for the mechanism of pomegranate against liver fibrosis. It can be inferred that NDEA-induced liver fibrosis actuates various biological pathways by the identified biomarkers and pomegranate juice modifies them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiya Husain
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, U.P, India
| | - Mohammad Waseem
- Department of Biochemistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, U.P, India.
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Khuda F, Iqbal Z, Khan A, Zakiullah, Samiullah, Sahibzada MUK, Alam M, Khusro A. Effect of fresh pomegranate juice on the pharmacokinetic profile of artemether: An open-label, randomized, 2- period crossover study in healthy human volunteers. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 203:114179. [PMID: 34082142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of fresh pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juice on the pharmacokinetic profile of artemether in healthy volunteers. A randomized, open-label, crossover study was conducted on healthy subjects (n = 26). Each volunteer received 250 mL of fresh pomegranate juice twice daily for 2 weeks. On day 14, they were administered a single oral dose of artemether (80 mg) with either water or 250 mL of pomegranate juice. Thirteen blood samples were collected up to 12 h and 6 electrocardiograms were recorded. Plasma concentrations of artemether and its metabolite dihydroartemisinin were analyzed by a noncompartmental method using LC-MS/MS. The lower limit of detection (LLOD) and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for artemether were estimated as 0.3 and 0.8 ng/mL, respectively, while for dihydroartemisinin it was 0.2 and 0.6 ng/mL, respectively. The pharmacokinetic parameters of artemether and dihydroartemisinin were not significantly altered when co-administered with the fresh pomegranate juice. AUC (0-∞) was slightly increased from 742 to 859 ng/mL for artemether [geometric mean ratio: 1.14 (95 % CI, 1.08,1.18); P = 0.45] and from 699 to 818 ng/mL for dihydroartemisinin [geometric mean ratio: 1.15 (95 % CI, 1.09, 1.15); P = 0.4]. Difference in Cmax for artemether was also statistically non-significant [173 vs 195 ng/mL; geometric mean ratio: 1.09 (95 % CI, 0.91, 1.15); P = 0.61]. Likewise, elimination half-life (t1/2) for both artemether and dihydroartemisinin remained unchanged (P = 0.43 and 0.31, respectively). In addition, there was no significant difference in tmax for artemether (P = 0.66) and its metabolite (P = 0.65). In conclusion, findings of the present study demonstrated that the administration of pomegranate juice had no significant effect on the pharmacokinetic profile of artemether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazli Khuda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
| | - Ayub Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Jauharabad Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zakiullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
| | - Samiullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
| | | | - Mahboob Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Khusro
- Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai-34, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Salehinia S, Mirsaeedghazi H, Khashehchi M. The effect of laser on the efficiency of membrane clarification of pomegranate juice. J Food Sci Technol 2021; 58:1682-1692. [PMID: 33897007 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04678-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a laser node with power 1 W and wavelength 532 nm was used to reduce the membrane fouling and evaluate its effect on the efficiency of membrane clarification of pomegranate juice. The results showed that the permeate flux increased in the presence of the laser due to the decrease in total resistance. Also, application of the laser in the pressurized process of 0.5 bar and the flow rate of 10 mL s-1 had the best performance on the permeate flux. In addition, the laser alignment is an important parameter that gives the most efficiency in case of the vertical angle and the large surface exposure. This was confirmed by images obtained by scanning electron microscope. Evaluation of physicochemical properties of the pomegranate juice showed that they changed after membrane clarification; however, the rate of changes in the most parameters (except pH, total soluble solids content and color parameters) in two processes with and without the laser was same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafieh Salehinia
- Department of Agrotechnology, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Khashehchi
- Department of Agrotechnology, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Abu-Taweel GM, Al-Mutary MG. Pomegranate juice rescues developmental, neurobehavioral and biochemical disorders in aluminum chloride-treated male mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 63:126655. [PMID: 33045674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aluminum (Al) is a harmful metal to organisms and is capable of entering the human body in multiple ways, such as through drinking, breathing, deodorant use, and vaccination. This study examined the prospective toxicity of Al and the protective attributes of pomegranate juice (PJ) on neurobehavioral and biochemical parameters of male mice. METHODS Six groups of male mice were treated for 35 days with 20 % PJ (group II), 40 % PJ (group III), 400 mg/kg Al (group IV), Al + 20 % PJ (group V), Al + 40 % PJ (group VI) or tap water (control, group I). Behavioral assessments were conducted for learning and memory evaluations at the end of experiment. In addition, the forebrain was isolated for biochemical analysis. RESULTS The exposure of male mice to Al decreased learning and memory retention in the shuttle box, Morris water-maze and T-Maze tests. Biochemical analysis revealed significant depletions in neurotransmitters including DA, 5-HT and AChE and oxidative proteins including GSH, GST, CAT and SOD and increased TBARES levels in Al-treated mice compared to untreated mice. Pomegranate juice provided protection against these effects after Al exposure by ameliorating learning and memory retention and oxidative state in a dose-independent manner. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that Al exposure caused behavioral and biochemical disorders. Pomegranate juice in lower dose has beneficial properties for health and can be used as a source of antioxidants to reduce the toxicity of Al and other substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gasem Mohammad Abu-Taweel
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Jazan University, P.O. Box 2079, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen Ghaleb Al-Mutary
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Education, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2375, Dammam, 14513, Saudi Arabia; Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
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Mortada WI, Awadalla A, Khater SM, Barakat NM, Husseiny SM, Shokeir AA. Preventive effect of pomegranate juice against chemically induced bladder cancer: An experimental study. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05192. [PMID: 33083625 PMCID: PMC7551357 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pomegranate juice (PJ) is rich in important compounds with anti-cancer activities. This study aims to investigate the preventive effect of pomegranate juice (PJ) against bladder cancer (BC). METHODS Eighty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly classified into 4 equal groups: (1) Normal controls; (2) PJ group: supplied by PJ for 12 weeks; (3) Cancer-induced group: intake 0.05% v/v N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN) for 8 weeks; (4) Cancer-prevented group: BBN + PJ. After 12 weeks, all rats were sacrificed and their urinary bladder tissues were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical (p53) examinations, expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and the tumor protein p53 (TP53) and analysis of oxidative stress markers. RESULTS The development of BC was: 0/20 (0%) in normal, PJ and cancer-prevented groups and 20/20 (100%) in cancer-induced group. Significant neoplastic lesions were observed in cancer-induced group. Mild preneoplastic alterations were noticed in 25% (5/20) of cancer-prevented group. p53 immunostaining were significantly elevated in the cancer-induced group, which was decreased in the cancer-prevented group. The relative expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, HIF-1 and TP53 were significantly lower in the cancer-prevented group compared to the cancer-treated group. Correction in the oxidative stress markers were also observed in the cancer-prevented group. CONCLUSION PJ possesses a promising inhibitory effect on BC development, probably due to its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael I. Mortada
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amira Awadalla
- Center of Excellence for Genome and Cancer Research, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sherry M. Khater
- Pathology Laboratory, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nashwa M. Barakat
- Animal Research Facility, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sherif M. Husseiny
- Botany Department, Faculty of Women for Art, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Shokeir
- Center of Excellence for Genome and Cancer Research, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Topalović A, Knežević M, Gačnik S, Mikulic-Petkovsek M. Detailed chemical composition of juice from autochthonous pomegranate genotypes (Punica granatum L.) grown in different locations in Montenegro. Food Chem 2020; 330:127261. [PMID: 32540531 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The first detailed phytochemical screening was performed on juices prepared from arils of wild pomegranate fruits taken from several locations in Montenegro with the aim of their future valorization. Particular attention is paid to the effect of pomegranate growth conditions on the juice quality. In addition to the basic parameters of pomegranate fruits and juices, nine primary metabolites (sugars, organic acids and vitamin C) were determined in the juices. Among 97 phenolic compounds, 23 anthocyanins and their derivatives, 33 ellagitannins and derivatives of ellagic acid, 12 flavanols, 4 flavonol glycosides, 1 flavone, 17 hydroxybenzoic acids and 7 hydroxycinnamic acids and their derivatives, were identified. Flavanols (1137-4424 mg/L) as well as ellagitannins and ellagic acid derivatives (1849-2991 mg/L) had the highest concentrations in pomegranate juices. Juices from the pomegranates grown on two soil types had total analyzed phenolics ranging from 4387 mg/L (Eutric Cambisol) up to 8461 mg/L (Terra Rossa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Topalović
- University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty, Mihaila Lalića 15, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro.
| | - Mirko Knežević
- University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty, Mihaila Lalića 15, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Saša Gačnik
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Mikulic-Petkovsek
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Balasubramani SP, Varghese RK, Vishnuprasad CN, Venkatasubramanian P. Pomegranate Juice Enhances Iron Dialysability and Assimilation in In-Vitro Cell Free and Cell-Based Models. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2020; 75:272-278. [PMID: 32333242 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-020-00815-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite concerted programmatic efforts iron deficiency anemia (IDA) continues to be a global health problem. Per Ayurveda, an Indian Traditional Medical System, natural plant materials such as pomegranate juice (PJ) is indicated as a food supplement to manage IDA. We hypothesized that pomegranate could play a role in improving absorption and assimilation of iron. A cell free in vitro model simulating the gastric and intestinal digestive processes coupled with cell based (Caco-2 and HepG2) models were used to assess iron (FeSO4 form) dialysability in the presence of PJ. Iron assimilation into cells was measured in terms of the cellular ferritin content. PJ (containing ~13 mg/100 ml natural ascorbic acid equivalent) increased the dialysability of iron by >3 fold when compared to control in the cell free model. An equivalent concentration of ascorbic acid alone increased it only by 1.6-fold. PJ increased the iron uptake in Caco2 cells by ~6-fold and ferritin content by 30% when compared to the ascorbic acid control. Similarly, PJ enhanced the iron uptake in HepG2 cells by ~3 fold and iron assimilation by about 50%. This study establishes a scientific evidence for Ayurveda's claim of using pomegranate in the management of IDA by facilitating iron absorption and assimilation. It provides a simple solution for addressing the global problem of IDA. Synergistic action of multiple phytochemicals, over and above ascorbic acid, in PJ may be responsible for improving iron bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Balasubramani
- Centre for Ayurveda Biology and Holistic Nutrition, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Science and Technology, Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, 74/1 Jarakabande Kaval, Attur PO, Yelahanka Via, Bangalore, 560043, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, 576104, India
- Centre for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, Florida A&M University, 6361 Mahan Drive, Tallahassee, FL, 32317, USA
| | - R K Varghese
- Centre for Ayurveda Biology and Holistic Nutrition, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Science and Technology, Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, 74/1 Jarakabande Kaval, Attur PO, Yelahanka Via, Bangalore, 560043, India
| | - C N Vishnuprasad
- Centre for Ayurveda Biology and Holistic Nutrition, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Science and Technology, Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, 74/1 Jarakabande Kaval, Attur PO, Yelahanka Via, Bangalore, 560043, India
| | - Padma Venkatasubramanian
- Centre for Ayurveda Biology and Holistic Nutrition, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Science and Technology, Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, 74/1 Jarakabande Kaval, Attur PO, Yelahanka Via, Bangalore, 560043, India.
- School of Public Health, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, India.
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Ammar A, Trabelsi K, Bailey SJ, Turki M, Bragazzi NL, Boukhris O, El Abed K, Bouaziz M, Ayadi F, Driss T, Souissi N, Chtourou H, Hökelmann A. Effects of natural polyphenol-rich pomegranate juice supplementation on plasma ion and lipid profiles following resistance exercise: a placebo-controlled trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:31. [PMID: 32322289 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pomegranate juice (POMj) contains abundant soluble polyphenolic antioxidant compounds and is recommended for its cardioprotective/atheroprotective properties. However, very few studies have investigated the efficacy of POMj supplementation to alter physiological responses during intensive physical exercise. This placebo-controlled study aimed to examine whether supplementation with natural polyphenol-rich-POMj could influence the ionic or lipid responses to an intensive resistance training session in elite athletes. Methods Nine elite weightlifters (21 ± 1 years) performed two Olympic-weightlifting sessions after ingesting placebo and POMj supplements. Venous blood samples were collected at rest and 3 min after each session for assessment of plasma sodium ([Na+]), potassium ([K+]), chloride ([Cl-]), calcium ([Ca2+]), triglyceride ([TG]) and high-density lipoprotein ([HDL-C]), low-density lipoprotein ([HDL-C]) and total ([TC]) cholesterol concentrations. Results Plasma [K+] and [TG] were lowered post-exercise compared to resting values in the PLA condition (p = 0.03 for K+ and p = 0.02 for TG) with no pre-to-post exercise differences in the other plasma ion and lipid markers (p > 0.05). Compared to rest, plasma [Na+] and [Cl-] were increased (p = 0.04, %change = 4.10% for Na+ and p = 0.02, %change = 4.44% for Cl-), but there were no differences in the other plasma ion or lipid markers post-exercise after POMj supplementation (p > 0.05). Post-exercise plasma [Na+], [Cl-], and [HDL-C] were greater following POMj supplementation compared to PLA (p = 0.01 for Cl- and HDL-C, p = 0.02 for Na+, and p = 0.04 for TC), with no between-supplement post-exercise differences in the other ion and lipid markers (p > 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, supplementation with POMj has the potential to attenuate the acute imbalance of plasma [K+] and to improve blood lipid responses (i.e., HDL-C) following resistance exercises in elite weightlifters. However, further large research in both athletic and non-athletic populations is needed to corroborate these preliminary observations and to elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms and translational potential of our novel observations. Trial registration Name of the registry:ClinicalTrials.gov PRSThe registration number:NCT02697903.Date of Registry: 03/03/2016 'Retrospectively registered'.The registration title: Pomegranate Improve Biological Recovery Kinetics in Elite Weightlifter. Graphical abstract
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Banihani SA, Makahleh SM, El-Akawi ZJ. Short-term Effect of Fresh Pomegranate Juice on Serum Cortisol and Thyroxine in Patients with type 2 Diabetes. Curr Mol Med 2019; 20:355-360. [PMID: 31782367 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666191129104153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of pomegranate juice on type 2 diabetic conditions has been determined in various occasions. However, such an effect on cortisol and thyroxine hormones, which are major controllers of energy metabolism, is not yet revealed. OBJECTIVES In this study, we intended to measure the short-term effect of fresh pomegranate juice on serum cortisol and thyroxine in patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a randomized clinical trial in which 89 fasted patients with type 2 diabetes were supplemented with fresh pomegranate juice at a dose of 1.5 mL kg-1. Blood specimens were then collected before and at 1 and 3 hours after juice administration. Serum cortisol and thyroxine were assessed using commercial chemiluminescent-immunoassay kits. RESULTS Serum cortisol, but not thyroxine, was significantly (P < 0.0001) lower in patients with type 2 diabetes after ingesting fresh pomegranate juice. In addition, no significant correlation (r2 = 0.00003, P = 0.9569) was observed between cortisol response to fresh pomegranate juice and the level of fasting serum glucose in the recruited patients. Moreover, no significant difference (P = 0.9118) in cortisol response to fresh pomegranate juice was found between recruited males and females. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, fresh pomegranate juice decreased serum cortisol, 1 hour after juice ingestion, but not serum thyroxine 3 hours after juice ingestion, in patients with type 2 diabetes. In addition, cortisol response to fresh pomegranate juice was found not to be affected by patients' gender and the level of fasting serum glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Ali Banihani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Seham M Makahleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Zeyad J El-Akawi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Zaripour M, Zare-Shahabadi V, Jahromi HJ. Application of ultrasonic-assisted inclusion complex formation with α-cyclodextrin for simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of gallic acid and vanillic acids in fruit samples. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 222:117197. [PMID: 31176156 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There are various methodologies to generate second-order data. Spectrophotometric method owing to its high sensitivity continues to be of wide interest to analytical chemists. Spectra recording at different interval time while the reaction is proceeded, or at different pHs, or at different concentrations of complexing agent are examples of strategies by which one can generate second-order data by the spectrophotometric method. In this work, for the first time, we employed α-CD as an inclusion complexing agent under ultrasonic irradiation for simultaneous determination of gallic acid (GA) and vanillic acid (VA). UV spectra of a mixture of two analytes were recorded as a function of α-CD concentration. A calibration set containing 9 reference samples was used to construct model using bilinear least squares/residual bilinearization (BLLS/RBL) as second-order calibration method. The predictive ability of the resulting model was validated by a test set including 5 samples. Finally, the proposed model was successfully applied to simultaneously determine the content of GA and VA in five fruit juice samples. Satisfactory results in terms of the recovery yields were obtained. In a word, UV-spectroscopy coupled with a strategy to yield a second-order data in combination to second-order calibration methods has high potential to be a simple, quick and accurate analysis procedure for the determination of various types of chemical structures in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Zaripour
- Department of Chemistry, Mahshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, Iran
| | - Vahid Zare-Shahabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Mahshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, Iran.
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Scaioli E, Belluzzi A, Ricciardiello L, Del Rio D, Rotondo E, Mena P, Derlindati E, Danesi F. Pomegranate juice to reduce fecal calprotectin levels in inflammatory bowel disease patients with a high risk of clinical relapse: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:327. [PMID: 31171016 PMCID: PMC6554985 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent episodes of intestinal inflammation and is thought to be related to an autoimmune reaction to genetic and environmental factors. Although evidence indicates that a polyphenolic-rich diet plays an important role in modulating aspects of chronic inflammation, few studies have focused on the effect of ellagitannin (ET)-rich food consumption on long-term remission maintenance in IBD patients with a high risk of clinical relapse. Therefore, we hypothesize that supplementation with a pomegranate juice, a naturally rich source of ETs, could significantly modulate the markers of mucosal and systemic inflammation relative to a control group receiving a placebo. Methods/design This double-blind, randomized controlled trial includes patients with IBD involving the colorectum who have been in stable therapy for at least the three previous months and have a high risk of clinical relapse. Participants are randomly allocated to one of two groups: active supplementation (125 mL of cv. Wonderful pomegranate juice) or placebo (125 mL) taken twice daily for 12 weeks. The primary outcome is changes in the fecal neutrophil-derived protein calprotectin, a surrogate marker of mucosal improvement, between the two groups from baseline to 12 weeks later. The secondary outcomes include transcriptomic changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and intestinal biopsies and changes in circulating inflammatory markers and trimethylamine-N-oxide levels. Pomegranate ET-derived metabolites are identified and quantified in plasma and urine samples. Discussion The results will provide information on the possible reduction of fecal calprotectin levels following the consumption of pomegranate juice. The findings will also show the in vivo metabolism of pomegranate ETs. Finally, the effect of 12-week pomegranate juice consumption on local and systemic inflammatory markers will be elucidated, which will likely provide additional insights into the maintenance of remission in IBD patients. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03000101. Registered on 21 December 2016. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3321-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Scaioli
- Gastroenterological Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Belluzzi
- Gastroenterological Unit, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Ricciardiello
- Gastroenterological Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Enrica Rotondo
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Campus of Food Science, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich, 60, 47521, Cesena, FC, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Medical School, Building C, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Eleonora Derlindati
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Campus of Food Science, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich, 60, 47521, Cesena, FC, Italy.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Danesi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Campus of Food Science, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich, 60, 47521, Cesena, FC, Italy.
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Mantzourani I, Terpou A, Alexopoulos A, Kimbaris A, Bezirtzoglou E, Koutinas AA, Plessas S. Production of a Potentially Synbiotic Pomegranate Beverage by Fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 Adsorbed on a Prebiotic Carrier. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 188:1096-1107. [PMID: 30790224 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-02977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A probiotic biocatalyst was prepared through Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 immobilization on a prebiotic carrier (delignified wheat bran) and was used for fermentations of pomegranate juice. Initially, pomegranate juice was fermented for 24 h and then was stored for 28 days at 4 °C. The obtained results regarding sugar and organic acid analysis revealed that the probiotic biocatalyst was effective. Ethanol was produced in small amounts (0.4-1% v/v). Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity was greater in the fermented pomegranate juice than in unfermented juice after 24 h of fermentation and over the time span of 28 days. Viability of probiotic cells was well maintained (above 8.65 log cfu/mL) after 24 h of fermentation and during 4 weeks of storage at 4 °C, and it is noteworthy that no pathogens were observed. The strength of viability of probiotic cells can be attributed to the immobilization carrier (delignified wheat bran) that exhibits prebiotic properties providing a protective effect to the cells. Finally, the proposed bioprocess of employing the proposed synbiotic biocatalyst for pomegranate juice fermentation shows great potential for commercialization while sensory evaluation highlights the degree of quality of the produced functional pomegranate beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Mantzourani
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Hygiene, Faculty of Agriculture Development, Democritus University of Thrace, 68200, Orestiada, Greece.
| | - Antonia Terpou
- Food Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasios Alexopoulos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Hygiene, Faculty of Agriculture Development, Democritus University of Thrace, 68200, Orestiada, Greece
| | - Athanasios Kimbaris
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Hygiene, Faculty of Agriculture Development, Democritus University of Thrace, 68200, Orestiada, Greece
| | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Hygiene, Faculty of Agriculture Development, Democritus University of Thrace, 68200, Orestiada, Greece
| | - Athanasios A Koutinas
- Food Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Stavros Plessas
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Hygiene, Faculty of Agriculture Development, Democritus University of Thrace, 68200, Orestiada, Greece
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24
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Sohrab G, Roshan H, Ebrahimof S, Nikpayam O, Sotoudeh G, Siasi F. Effects of pomegranate juice consumption on blood pressure and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes: A single-blind randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 29:30-35. [PMID: 30661697 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate juice (PJ) has abundant anti-oxidative polyphenolic compounds which are assumed to have cardioprotective effects such as hypotensive properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PJ consumption on blood pressure and lipid profile F variables in patients with type 2 diabetes. Sixty subjects (30 in intervention group and 30 in control group) were recruited in this single-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. The volunteers were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Treatment group consumed 200 ml/day PJ for 6 weeks, while control group received no intervention. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were measured following 12-14 h of fasting at baseline and at the end of the study. After 6 weeks of intervention, SBP (13.5 ± 1.5 mmHg vs. 12.3 ± 2.5, P < 0.001) and DBP (7.7 ± 1.6 vs. 7.2 ± 1.6 mmHg, P < 0.05) significantly decreased in the intervention group. Similarly, SBP and DBP in the intervention group were significantly lower than the control group after intervention (P < 0.02 and P < 0.03, respectively). At the end of the intervention, TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C did not significantly differ between the intervention group and the control group however, TC and LDL-C decreased significantly compared to pre-trial values within the intervention group. It is concluded that PJ consumption could decrease systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with diabetes while having no effect on lipid profile. A more definitive result will be obtained if future studies could conducted in hyperlipidemic individuals who might be more prone to respond to the lipid-lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golbon Sohrab
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Roshan
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Ebrahimof
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Nikpayam
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giti Sotoudeh
- Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, School of Public Health & Institute of Public Health Researches, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Siasi
- Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, School of Public Health & Institute of Public Health Researches, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Rom O, Volkova N, Jeries H, Grajeda-Iglesias C, Aviram M. Exogenous ( Pomegranate Juice) or Endogenous (Paraoxonase1) Antioxidants Decrease Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Mouse Cardiovascular Disease-Related Tissues. Lipids 2018; 53:1031-1041. [PMID: 30560569 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The polyphenol-rich pomegranate juice (PJ) and the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated paraoxonase1 (PON1) are known as potent atheroprotective antioxidants, but their effects on other tissues related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain unknown. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of treating mice with PJ or recombinant PON1 (rePON1) on the oxidation and lipid status of CVD-related tissues: serum, aorta, heart, liver, kidney, visceral, and subcutaneous adipose tissues (VAT and SAT). Both PJ consumption and rePON1 injection decreased the serum levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (16% and 19%) and triacylglycerols (TAG, 24% and 27%), while only rePON1 increased the levels of thiol groups (35%) and decreased serum cholesterol (15%). Both PJ and rePON1 significantly decreased aortic cholesterol (38% and 32%) and TAG (62% and 58%) contents in association with downregulation of the key TAG biosynthetic enzyme diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1, 71% and 65%), while only PJ decreased aortic lipid peroxides (47%). Substantial TAG-lowering effects of both PJ and rePON1 were observed also in the heart (31% and 42%), liver (34% and 42%), and kidney (42% and 57%). In both VAT and SAT, rePON1 decreased the levels of lipid peroxides (28% and 25%), while PJ decreased the TAG content (22% and 18%). Ex vivo incubation of SAT with serum derived from mice that consumed PJ or injected with rePON1 decreased SAT lipid peroxides (35% or 28%) and TAG mass (12% or 10%). These novel findings highlight potent TAG-lowering properties of exogenous (PJ) and endogenous (PON1) antioxidants in tissues associated with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Rom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Nina Volkova
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron St. Haifa, Israel 31096
| | - Helana Jeries
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron St. Haifa, Israel 31096.,Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus, 8 HaAliya HaShniya St., Haifa, Israel 35254
| | - Claudia Grajeda-Iglesias
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron St. Haifa, Israel 31096
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron St. Haifa, Israel 31096
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Putnik P, Kresoja Ž, Bosiljkov T, Režek Jambrak A, Barba FJ, Lorenzo JM, Roohinejad S, Granato D, Žuntar I, Bursać Kovačević D. Comparing the effects of thermal and non-thermal technologies on pomegranate juice quality: A review. Food Chem 2018; 279:150-161. [PMID: 30611474 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of pomegranate juice (PJ) has increased substantially since scientific literature reported its therapeutic benefits that are attributable to antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The growing consumer demands for fresh and high-quality food products have led to the interest in non-thermal technologies for preservation of fruit juices. Although thermal pasteurization is the most widely used preservation technology, it has adverse effects on the nutritional and sensory quality of juices. Conversely, non-thermal technologies are suitable alternatives for preservation and without negative effects on the quality. However, there is limited scientific literature concerning the use of non-thermal technologies for preservation of PJ. Therefore, this review focuses on PJ preservation by using non-thermal technologies. In conclusion, pomegranate is an economical crop that can justify the use of advanced non-thermal technologies for PJ preservation, as consumers' interest can offset the expenses associated with investments in alternative technological options and processing adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Putnik
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Kresoja
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Bosiljkov
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anet Režek Jambrak
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Jose M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Adva. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - Shahin Roohinejad
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Division of Food and Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Daniel Granato
- Department of Food Engineering, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Irena Žuntar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry of the University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijela Bursać Kovačević
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Derakhshan Z, Ferrante M, Tadi M, Ansari F, Heydari A, Hosseini MS, Conti GO, Sadrabad EK. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of ethanolic extract of pomegranate peels, juice and seeds. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 114:108-111. [PMID: 29448088 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is extensively cultivated in Middle East especially in Iran. For centuries, this fruit has been used in Iranian herbal medicine. Pomegranate peel, seed and juice contain considerable amounts of phenolic compounds and have antioxidant activity. Pomegranate peels, juice and seeds from three regions of Natanz, Shahreza, and Doorak were obtained. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic, flavonoids, and flavonols contents of pomegranate peels, seeds and juices extracts were analyzed. The β-carotene bleaching test and Folin-Ciocalteu method were applied in this study. The pomegranate peel extract showed high levels of antioxidant activity in comparison to seeds and juices. Doorak peel by 58% had the highest antioxidant activity among two other peels. Total phenolics, flavonoids, and flavonols contents of pomegranate peel were evaluated much more higher than seeds and juices. The significant positive correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolics was reported. According to achieved results, high antioxidant capacity of pomegranate especially peel, had shed light to use them as natural food preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Derakhshan
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA) of Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Marzieh Tadi
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Ansari
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ali Heydari
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Motahreh Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA) of Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Italy.
| | - Elham Khalili Sadrabad
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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28
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Lytou AE, Nychas GJE, Panagou EZ. Effect of pomegranate based marinades on the microbiological, chemical and sensory quality of chicken meat: A metabolomics approach. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 267:42-53. [PMID: 29288907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate juice is a product with enhanced functional properties that could be used as an alternative to traditional marination ingredients and effectively retard microbial growth along with providing an improved sensory result. In this study, two pomegranate based marinades were prepared for the marination of chicken breast fillets and the marinated samples were aerobically stored at 4 and 10°C for 9days. Raw, non-marinated chicken samples were used as control. Levels of total viable counts (TVC), Pseudomonas spp., Brochothrix thermosphacta, Enterobacteriaceae and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were determined together with sensory assessment to evaluate the evolution of spoilage. The profile of organic acids and volatile compounds was also analyzed during storage. The shelf life of marinated samples was significantly extended compared to control samples at both storage temperatures (e.g., up to 5 and 6days for the pomegranate/lemon marinated samples stored at 4 and 10°C, respectively) as evaluated by both microbiological and sensory analyses. The profile of the organic acids and the volatilome of marinated and control samples were remarkably differentiated according to storage time, microbial load and sensory score. The findings of this study suggest that pomegranate juice could be used as a novel ingredient in marinades to improve the sensory attributes, while prolonging the shelf life of chicken meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia E Lytou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Foods, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - George-John E Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Foods, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Efstathios Z Panagou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Foods, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece.
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29
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Moazzen H, Alizadeh M. Effects of Pomegranate Juice on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: a Double-Blinded, Randomized Crossover Controlled Trial. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2017; 72:126-133. [PMID: 28303364 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-017-0605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the simultaneous effect of pomegranate juice on components of the metabolic syndrome, including high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as an inflammatory index and glycemic and lipid profile indices in patients with metabolic syndrome. In a double- blind 2*2 crossover study, 30 individuals suffering from metabolic syndrome received a daily dose of 500 mL pomegranate juice for a period of one week. After one week of wash out period, they received a placebo for one week. Lipid profile, blood glucose control indices including fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and hs-CRP were measured at the beginning and end of the study. To analyze the data, a repeated measure analysis of variance and a t-test were performed. The results indicated that in comparison to the placebo, pomegranate juice was more effective in reducing the systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.00) and hs-CRP (p = 0.018). The level of triglyceride (p = 0.030) and very low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (VLDL-C) (p = 0.014) were increased after the consumption of pomegranate juice, as opposed to the baseline condition. The rest of lipid profile, fasting blood glucose (FBS), insulin, and HOMA-IR of the participants did not show any significant difference. Natural pomegranate juice supplementation lowered the level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with metabolic syndrome as well as their blood hs-CRP. However, it also increased their triglyceride and VLDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Moazzen
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Serow Highway, Nazloo, PO Box: 5756115111, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Serow Highway, Nazloo, PO Box: 5756115111, Urmia, Iran.
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30
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Taheri Rouhi SZ, Sarker MMR, Rahmat A, Alkahtani SA, Othman F. The effect of pomegranate fresh juice versus pomegranate seed powder on metabolic indices, lipid profile, inflammatory biomarkers, and the histopathology of pancreatic islets of Langerhans in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017; 17:156. [PMID: 28288617 PMCID: PMC5348881 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with hyperglycemia, inflammatory disorders and abnormal lipid profiles. Several functional foods have therapeutic potential to treat chronic diseases including diabetes. The therapeutic potential of pomegranate has been stated by multitudinous scientists. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of pomegranate juice and seed powder on the levels of plasma glucose and insulin, inflammatory biomarkers, lipid profiles, and health of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans in streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NAD) induced T2DM Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. METHODS Forty healthy male SD rats were induced to diabetes with a single dose intra-peritoneal administration of STZ (60 mg/kg b.w.) - NAD (120 mg/kg b.w.). Diabetic rats were orally administered with 1 mL of pomegranate fresh juice (PJ) or 100 mg pomegranate seed powder in 1 mL distilled water (PS), or 5 mg/kg b.w. of glibenclamide every day for 21 days. Rats in all groups were sacrificed on day 22. The obtained data was analyzed by SPSS software (v: 22) using One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS The results showed that PJ and PS treatment had slight but non-significant reduction of plasma glucose concentration, and no impact on plasma insulin compared to diabetic control (DC) group. PJ lowered the plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) significantly, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) non-significantly compared to DC group. In contrast, PS treatment significantly raised plasma TC, LDL, and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) levels compared to the DC rats. Moreover, the administration of PJ and PS significantly reduced the levels of plasma inflammatory biomarkers, which were actively raised in diabetic rats. Only PJ treated group showed significant repairment and restoration signs in islets of Langerhans. Besides, PJ possessed preventative impact against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals almost 2.5 folds more than PS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that active constituents with high antioxidant properties present in PJ are responsible for its anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects, likewise the restoration effect on the damaged islets of Langerhans in experimental rats. Hence, the pharmacological, biochemical, and histopathological profiles of PJ treated rats obviously indicated its helpful effects in amelioration of diabetes-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Zeinab Taheri Rouhi
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Md Moklesur Rahman Sarker
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lincoln University College, No. 2, Jalan Stadium SS 7/15, Kalana Jaya, 47301, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh.
| | - Asmah Rahmat
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saad Ahmed Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmacolgy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fauziah Othman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Watson MA, Lea JM, Bett-Garber KL. Spray drying of pomegranate juice using maltodextrin/cyclodextrin blends as the wall material. Food Sci Nutr 2017; 5:820-826. [PMID: 28572973 PMCID: PMC5448382 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microencapsulation protects sensitive nutrients, masks flavors, or enhances delivery. Ratios of maltodextrin and γ‐cyclodextrin (20:0, 19:1, and 17:3% w/w) were dissolved in water and mixed with pomegranate juice for spray drying with inlet temperatures of 120, 140, and 160°C. The effects on physical properties (water activity, % water content, color, pH, soluble solids (Brix), and methyl cellulose precipitable tannin assay (MCPTA) were examined. Based on the principle component analysis, formulation influenced color parameters and pH accounted for 46.8% of the variation in the data. Temperature influenced Chroma and water‐holding capacity with 31.8% of the variation. The pH of the reconstituted spray‐dried powder significantly influenced color. Blending of γ‐cyclodextrins to maltodextrins slightly increased the water‐holding capacity, increased pH, slightly affected color, and preserved the color over time, slightly better. Increased inlet temperature affected color, decreased water‐holding capacity, and decreased astringency index. Small additions of γ‐cyclodextrin affect spray‐dried powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Watson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Southern Regional Research Center New Orleans Louisiana
| | - Jeanne M Lea
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Southern Regional Research Center New Orleans Louisiana
| | - Karen L Bett-Garber
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Southern Regional Research Center New Orleans Louisiana
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Estrada-Luna D, Martínez-Hinojosa E, Cancino-Diaz JC, Belefant-Miller H, López-Rodríguez G, Betanzos-Cabrera G. Daily supplementation with fresh pomegranate juice increases paraoxonase 1 expression and activity in mice fed a high-fat diet. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:383-9. [PMID: 28243786 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies have found that pomegranate juice (PJ) consumption increases the binding of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) to paraoxonase 1 (PON1), thus increasing the catalytic activity of this enzyme. PON1 is an antioxidant arylesterase synthesized in the liver and transported in plasma in association with HDL. Decreased levels of PON1 are associated with higher levels of cholesterol. We determined the effects of PJ on body weight, cholesterol, and triacylglycerols through 5 months of supplementation. In addition, the effect of PJ on pon1 gene expression in the liver was also measured by RT-qPCR as well as the activity in serum by a semiautomated method using paraoxon as a substrate. METHODS CD-1 mice were either fed a control diet or were fed a high-fat diet 1.25% (wt/wt) cholesterol, 0.5% (wt/wt) sodium cholate, and 15% (wt/wt) saturated fat. 300 μL of PJ containing 0.35 mmol total polyphenols was administered by oral gavage to half of the high fat mice daily. The rest of the high fat mice and the control mice were administered with 300 μL of water. RESULTS PJ-supplemented animals had significantly higher levels of expression of pon1 compared to the unsupplemented group. PJ-supplemented animals had twice the PON1 activity of the unsupplemented group. In addition, PJ-supplemented animals had the lowest body weight and significantly reduced cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels, although the tricylglycerol levels were not consistently decreased. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PJ protects against the effects of a high-fat diet in body weight, and cholesterol levels.
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Di Cagno R, Filannino P, Gobbetti M. Lactic acid fermentation drives the optimal volatile flavor-aroma profile of pomegranate juice. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 248:56-62. [PMID: 28244373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate juice (PJ) fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum C2, POM1, and LP09, unstarted-PJ, and raw-PJ were characterized for the profile of the volatile components (VOC) by PT-GC-MS. Lactic acid fermentation through selected strains enhanced the flavor profile of PJ. Concentrations of desired compounds (e.g., alcohols, ketones, and terpenes) were positively affected, whereas those of non-desired aldehydes decreased. Unstarted-PJ mainly differentiated from fermented PJs for the highest levels of aldehydes and sulfur compounds, and in lesser extent of furans, whereas alcohols, ketones, and alkenes followed by terpenes and benzene derivatives mainly differentiated fermented PJs. As expected, the lowest level of VOC was found in raw-PJ. VOC profile reflected on the sensory features of fermented PJs, unstarted-PJ, and raw-PJ, which were evaluated using a consensus modified flavor profile based on 13 attributes. Fermented PJs were mainly discriminated by the higher intensity of floral, fruity and anise notes than the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Di Cagno
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Libera Università di Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Filannino
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Libera Università di Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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Sahebkar A, Gurban C, Serban A, Andrica F, Serban MC. Effects of supplementation with pomegranate juice on plasma C-reactive protein concentrations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytomedicine 2016; 23:1095-1102. [PMID: 26922037 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pomegranate juice (PJ) has a high content of antioxidants and bioactive polyphenols, being widely used for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects. PURPOSE The objective of this meta-analysis consisted in investigating the impact of PJ on plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. METHODS The search included SCOPUS, Medline and two Iranian bibliographic databases namely MagIran and Scientific Information Database (from inception to December 09, 2014) to identify prospective trials for investigating the impact of pomegranate preparations on serum concentrations of CRP. Two independent reviewers extracted data on study characteristics, methods and outcomes. RESULTS Among 427 participants in the selected studies, 216 were allocated to PJ groups, and 211 to control group. Meta-analysis of data from 5 eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) arms did not provide compelling evidence as to a significant CRP-lowering effect of supplementation with pomegranate juice (WMD: -0.22 mg/l, 95% CI: -0.45, 0.01, p = 0.061). The impact of pomegranate juice on plasma CRP levels was found to be independent of duration of supplementation (slope: 0.003; 95% CI: -0.005, 0.011; p = 0.444). CONCLUSION In conclusion, this meta-analysis of data from 5 prospective trials did not indicate a significant effect of PJ on plasma CRP levels, and this effect was independent of duration of supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Research Centre, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Camelia Gurban
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Discipline of Biochemistry, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Alexandru Serban
- Department Automation and Applied Informatics, University Politehnica Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florina Andrica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Maria-Corina Serban
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pathophysiology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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Sohrab G, Ebrahimof S, Sotoudeh G, Neyestani TR, Angoorani P, Hedayati M, Siasi F. Effects of pomegranate juice consumption on oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes: a single-blind, randomized clinical trial. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:249-255. [PMID: 27633135 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1229760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Increased free radicals production due to hyperglycemia produces oxidative stress in patients with diabetes. Pomegranate juice (PJ) has antioxidant properties. This study was conducted to determine the effects of PJ consumption in oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients. This study was a randomized clinical trial performed on 60, 40-65 years old diabetic patients. The patients were randomly allocated either to PJ consumption group or control. Patients in PJ group consumed 200 ml of PJ daily for six weeks. Sex distribution and the mean age were not different between two groups. After six weeks intervention, oxidized LDL and anti-oxidized LDL antibodies decreased and total serum antioxidant capacity and arylesterase activity of paraoxonase increased significantly in the PJ-treated group compared to the control group. Our data have shown that six weeks supplementation of PJ could have favorable effects on oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Golbon Sohrab
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition and dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Samira Ebrahimof
- b Cellular & Molecular Nutrition Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Giti Sotoudeh
- c Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Tirang Reza Neyestani
- d Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Pooneh Angoorani
- b Cellular & Molecular Nutrition Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- e Cellular-Molecular Research center , Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fereidoun Siasi
- c Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Romano KR, Dias Bartolomeu Abadio Finco F, Rosenthal A, Vinicius Alves Finco M, Deliza R. Willingness to pay more for value-added pomegranate juice (Punica granatum L.): An open-ended contingent valuation. Food Res Int 2016; 89:359-364. [PMID: 28460925 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at estimating the consumer's willingness to pay (WTP) more for value-added pomegranate juice using the contingent valuation method (CVM). The WTP was estimated applying the open-ended elicitation technique with 454 consumers in two supermarkets located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The average consumer's WTP more for pomegranate juice was estimated in R$2.04 (Brazilian currency) and the income elasticity coefficient at the midpoint was 0.19, i.e., a 10% increase in consumer income will increase, on average, 1.9% the WTP of pomegranate juice (ceteris paribus). Therefore, the income elasticity coefficient was considered inelastic, once an increase in income would have low effect on the WTP for these consumers. The results indicated that the consumers were interested in acquiring a non-traditional juice processed using a technology that preserves vitamins and antioxidants, maintains the flavor of "fresh juice" without colorants and preservatives, despite the pomegranate is not part of the Brazilian diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Rodrigues Romano
- Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Food Technology Department, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Dias Bartolomeu Abadio Finco
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratory of Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rosires Deliza
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Gouda M, Moustafa A, Hussein L, Hamza M. Three week dietary intervention using apricots, pomegranate juice or/and fermented sour sobya and impact on biomarkers of antioxidative activity, oxidative stress and erythrocytic glutathione transferase activity among adults. Nutr J 2016; 15:52. [PMID: 27175476 PMCID: PMC4864915 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beneficial effects of the polyphenol (PP) rich fruits and Lactic acid bacteria fermented foods had been reported as cost-effective strategies for health promotion. Randomized controlled trial was designed to test the hypothesis that daily intake of polyphenol rich pomegranate juice (PGJ) or/ and lactic acid bacteria fermented sobya (FS) improved selected biomarkers of relevance to heath status. METHODS The design of the human trial consisted of 35 healthy adults, who were distributed to 5 equal groups; The first group served as control and received no supplements; the second group received fresh apricot fruits (200 g); the third (PGJ) (250 g), the fourth a mixture of PGJ (150 g) and FS (140 g) and the fifth group received (FS) (170 g). The supplements were served daily between 5 - 6 pm for 21 days. Blood and urine samples were collected at days zero and 22 of the dietary intervention. The supplements were analyzed chemically for (PP) contents and total antioxidative activities and microbiologically for selected bacteria and yeast counts. The blood samples were assayed for plasma antioxidative activities and for erythrocytic glutathione transferase activity (E-GST). Urine samples were analyzed for the excretions of total PP, antioxidative activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Two way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted and included the main effects of treatment, time and treatment x time interaction. RESULTS Daily intake of (PGJ) for 3 weeks significantly increased the plasma and urinary anti-oxidative activities and reduced the urinary excretion of (TBARS). Daily intake of (FS) for 3 weeks increased only (E-GST) activity. Daily intake of a mixture of PGJ and (FS) was also effective. CONCLUSIONS The daily intakes of PGJ and/ or (FS) affected positively selected biomarkers of relevance to health status. These functional foods have potential implication for use as bio-therapeutic foods. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was approved by the research ethical committee of the Ministry of Health & population, Egypt. The trial registration - the unique identifying number. (REC) decision No 12-2013-9, which complied with the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines (2004). The protocol was fully explained to all subjects and written informed consent was obtained before their participation in the trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Gouda
- Department of Nutrition & Food Sc, National Research Center, Giza, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Amr Moustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Laila Hussein
- Department of Nutrition & Food Sc, National Research Center, Giza, Dokki, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Hamza
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agric, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Rom O, Aviram M. Paraoxsonase2 (PON2) and oxidative stress involvement in pomegranate juice protection against cigarette smoke-induced macrophage cholesterol accumulation. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:394-400. [PMID: 27163848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) promotes various stages of atherosclerosis development. Macrophages are the predominant cells in early atherogenesis, and the polyphenolic-rich pomegranate juice (PJ) is known for its protective role against macrophage atherogenicity. The aim of the current study was to examine the atherogenic effects of CS on macrophages, and to evaluate the protective effects of PJ against CS-induced macrophage atherogenicity. Murine J774A.1 macrophages were treated with CS-exposed medium in the absence or presence of PJ. Parameters of lipid peroxidation in CS-exposed medium were measured by the lipid peroxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assays. Atherogenicity of macrophages incubated with increasing concentrations of CS-exposed medium was assessed by cytotoxicity, oxidative stress determined by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using DCFH-DA, activity of the cellular anti-oxidant paraoxonase2 (PON2), macrophage accumulation of cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as through high density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated cholesterol efflux from the cells. CS exposure resulted in significant and dose-dependent increases in lipid peroxides and TBARS medium levels (up to 3 and 8-fold, respectively). Incubation of macrophages with CS-exposed medium resulted in dose-dependent increases in macrophage damage/injury (up to 6-fold), intracellular ROS levels (up to 31%), PON2 activity (up to 2-fold), and macrophage cholesterol content (up to 24%). The latter might be explained by reduced HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from CS-exposed macrophages (by 21%). PJ protected macrophages from CS-induced increases in intracellular ROS levels and cholesterol accumulation, as well as the attenuated efflux of cholesterol. These data indicate that CS stimulates macrophage oxidation and activates PON2 as a possible compensatory response to the oxidative burden. CS impairs HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages leading to cellular accumulation of cholesterol. The atherogenic and oxidative effects of CS are attenuated by PJ, a polyphenolic-rich anti-oxidant.
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Fuster-Muñoz E, Roche E, Funes L, Martínez-Peinado P, Sempere JM, Vicente-Salar N. Effects of pomegranate juice in circulating parameters, cytokines, and oxidative stress markers in endurance-based athletes: A randomized controlled trial. Nutrition 2015; 32:539-45. [PMID: 26778544 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of pomegranate juice on the level of oxidative stress in the blood of endurance-based athletes. Pomegranate juice is rich in polyphenols, conferring it a higher antioxidant capacity than other beverages with polyphenolic antioxidants. METHODS A randomized double-blind, multicenter trial was performed in athletes from three different sport clubs located in southeastern of Spain. Plasma oxidative stress markers (protein carbonyls and malondialdehyde [MDA]) as well as C-reactive protein and sE-selectin were measured. Thirty-one athletes participated in the study. Participants were divided into three groups. The first group was supplemented with 200 mL/d pomegranate juice (PJ; n = 10) over a 21-d period, the second with 200 mL/d pomegranate juice diluted 1:1 with water (PJD; n = 11), and a control group that did not consume pomegranate juice (C; n = 10). Nine athletes were excluded due to protocol violations (n = 4 in the PJ group and n = 5 in the PJD group) because they did not observe the 24 h of rest before the last blood test. RESULTS The control group increased levels of carbonyls (+0.7 ± 0.3 nmols/mg protein) and MDA (+3.2 ± 1.0 nmols/g protein), whereas the PJ and PJD groups maintained or decreased their levels, respectively. On the other hand, lactate levels increased in the PJ group (from 10.3 at day 0 to 21.2 mg/dL at day 22). A nonsignificant decrease was detected in sE-selectin and C-reactive protein in the groups consuming pomegranate juice. CONCLUSION Consumption of pomegranate juice over a 21-d period improved MDA levels and carbonyls, and thus decreased the oxidative damage caused by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fuster-Muñoz
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernandez, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - E Roche
- Biochemistry and Cell Therapy Unit, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernandez, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - L Funes
- Quality and Innovation Department, Vitalgrana Pomegranate SL. Polígono Industrial de Poniente, Catral (Alicante), Spain
| | - P Martínez-Peinado
- Immunology Division, Biotechnology Department, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig (Alicant), Spain
| | - J M Sempere
- Immunology Division, Biotechnology Department, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig (Alicant), Spain
| | - N Vicente-Salar
- Biochemistry and Cell Therapy Unit, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernandez, Elche (Alicante), Spain.
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Sabokbar N, Khodaiyan F. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of pomegranate juice and whey based novel beverage fermented by kefir grains. J Food Sci Technol 2015; 53:739-47. [PMID: 26787994 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-2029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mixture of pomegranate juice and whey was evaluated as a potential substrate for production of a novel beverage by kefir grains. The effects of two different variables, fermentation, temperature (19 and 25 °C) and kefir grain amount (5 %w/v and 8 %w/v), on total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities of beverage were examined during a fermentation time of 32 h. TPC and antioxidant activities including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, reducing power, inhibition effect upon linoleic acid autoxidation and inhibition effect upon ascorbate autoxidation increased significantly (p < 0.05) during fermentation, but metal chelating effect showed no significant difference. The highest increases were observed when the temperature of 25 °C and kefir grain amount of 8 %w/v were applied. Results proved antioxidant activities of beverages were desirable and fermentation by kefir grains has the ability to enhance these antioxidant activities, as compared with unfermented beverage. Also pomegranate juice and whey were suitable media for producing a novel dairy-juice beverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayereh Sabokbar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Faramarz Khodaiyan
- Bioprocessing and Biodetection Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of gas phase plasma on phenolic compounds in pomegranate juice. The potential of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy combined with partial least squares for monitoring the stability of phenolic compounds during plasma treatment was explored, too. Experiments are designed to investigate the effect of plasma operating conditions (treatment time 3, 5, 7 min; sample volume 3, 4, 5 cm(3); gas flow 0.75, 1, 1.25 dm(3) min(-1)) on phenolic compounds and compared to pasteurized and untreated pomegranate juice. Pasteurization and plasma treatment resulted in total phenolic content increasing by 29.55% and 33.03%, respectively. Principal component analysis and sensitivity analysis outputted the optimal treatment design with plasma that could match the pasteurized sample concerning the phenolic stability (5 min/4 cm(3)/0.75 dm(3) min(-1)). Obtained results demonstrate the potential of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy that can be successfully used to evaluate the quality of pomegranate juice upon plasma treatment considering the phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Herceg
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijela Bursać Kovačević
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Jasenka Gajdoš Kljusurić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anet Režek Jambrak
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Zorić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Verica Dragović-Uzelac
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Li Z, Summanen PH, Komoriya T, Henning SM, Lee RP, Carlson E, Heber D, Finegold SM. Pomegranate ellagitannins stimulate growth of gut bacteria in vitro: Implications for prebiotic and metabolic effects. Anaerobe 2015; 34:164-8. [PMID: 26051169 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of pomegranate extract (POMx) and pomegranate juice (POM juice) on the growth of major groups of intestinal bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis group, clostridia, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli, and the utilization of pomegranate polyphenols by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. The total phenolic content of the pomegranate extract and juice was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method and reported as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). The polyphenol composition was determined by HPLC. Stool specimens were incubated with 400, 100, and 25 μg/ml GAE POMx and POM juice and subjected to selective culture. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains were incubated with 400 μg/ml GAE POMx and POM juice and metabolites were analyzed. POMx and POM juice increased the mean counts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and significantly inhibited the growth of B. fragilis group, clostridia, and Enterobacteriaceae in a dose-response manner. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus utilized ellagic acid and glycosyl ellagic acid but little or no punicalin was utilized. Neither POMx nor POM juice was converted to urolithins by the test bacteria or the in vitro stool cultures. The effect of pomegranate on the gut bacteria considered to be beneficial (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) suggests that pomegranate may potentially work as a prebiotic. The concept that polyphenols such as those in pomegranate impact gut microbiota populations may establish a new role for polyphenols in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoping Li
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center West Los Angeles, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Research Service, VA Medical Center West Los Angeles, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, UCLA School of Medicine, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Paula H Summanen
- Department of Research Service, VA Medical Center West Los Angeles, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Tomoe Komoriya
- Department of Research Service, VA Medical Center West Los Angeles, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Sustainable Engineering, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Japan
| | - Susanne M Henning
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, UCLA School of Medicine, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ru-Po Lee
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, UCLA School of Medicine, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eliisa Carlson
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, UCLA School of Medicine, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David Heber
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, UCLA School of Medicine, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sydney M Finegold
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center West Los Angeles, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Research Service, VA Medical Center West Los Angeles, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA School of Medicine, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Bursać Kovačević D, Putnik P, Dragović-Uzelac V, Pedisić S, Režek Jambrak A, Herceg Z. Effects of cold atmospheric gas phase plasma on anthocyanins and color in pomegranate juice. Food Chem 2015. [PMID: 26212976 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate effects of cold atmospheric gas phase plasma on anthocyanins and color in pomegranate juice. Outcomes of plasma treatment were observed at different operating conditions: (i) treatment time (3, 5, 7 min), (ii) treated juice volume (3, 4, 5 cm(3)), and (iii) gas flow (0.75, 1, 1.25 dm(3)/min). The greatest anthocyanin stability was found at: 3 min treatment time, 5 cm(3) sample volume, and 0.75 dm(3)/min gas flow. Plasma treatment yielded higher anthocyanin content from 21% to 35%. Multivariate analysis showed that total color change was not associated with sample volume and treatment time, however it declined with increased gas flow. The change of color increased in comparison treated vs. untreated pomegranate juice. Constructed mathematical equation confirmed that increase of anthocyanin content increased with gas flow, sample volume and change in color. In summary, this study showed that plasma treatment had positive influences on anthocyanins stability and color change in cloudy pomegranate juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Bursać Kovačević
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Putnik
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Verica Dragović-Uzelac
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Pedisić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anet Režek Jambrak
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Herceg
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Chen B, Zaveri PG, Longtine MS, Nelson DM. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) mediates pomegranate juice protection from apoptosis in hypoxic BeWo cells but not in primary human trophoblasts. Placenta 2015; 36:847-53. [PMID: 26028238 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) expression is increased in placentas of human pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction and in hypoxic cultured primary trophoblasts. We previously showed that elevated NDRG1 decreases trophoblast apoptosis induced by hypoxia. Separately, we found that pomegranate juice (PJ) decreases cell death induced by hypoxia in trophoblasts. Here, we test the hypothesis that PJ protects trophoblasts from hypoxia-induced apoptosis by modulating NDRG1 expression. METHODS Quantitative rtPCR was used to investigate the effects of PJ treatment on mRNA levels of 22 candidate genes involved in apoptosis, oxidative stress, and differentiation in trophoblasts. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to analyze NDRG1 protein levels. siRNA-mediated NDRG1 knockdown was used to investigate the role of NDRG1 in response to PJ in hypoxic BeWo choriocarcinoma cells and hypoxic cultured primary human trophoblasts. RESULTS The mRNA levels of eight genes were altered, with NDRG1 showing the largest response to PJ and thus, we pursued the role of NDRG1 here. PJ significantly increased NDRG1 protein expression in primary trophoblasts and in BeWo cells. Knockdown of NDRG1 in hypoxic BeWo cells in the presence of PJ yielded increased apoptosis. In contrast, knockdown of NDRG1 in hypoxic primary trophoblasts in the presence of PJ did not increase apoptosis. DISCUSSION We conclude that the PJ-mediated decrease in cell death in hypoxia is partially mediated by NDRG1 in BeWo cells but not in primary trophoblasts. The disparate effects of NDRG1 between BeWo cells and primary trophoblasts indicate caution is required when extrapolating from results obtained with cell lines to primary trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - P G Zaveri
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M S Longtine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - D M Nelson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Rosenblat M, Volkova N, Abassi Z, Britton SL, Koch LG, Aviram M. High intrinsic aerobic capacity and pomegranate juice are protective against macrophage atherogenecity: studies in high- vs. low-capacity runner (HCR vs. LCR) rats. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1015-21. [PMID: 26004903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We studied the rat model system of high- vs. low-capacity runner (HCR vs. LCR) rats to question the atherogenic properties (oxidative stress, triglycerides and cholesterol metabolism) in the rat macrophages, serum, liver and heart. Half of the LCR or HCR rats consumed pomegranate juice (PJ; 15 μmol of gallic acid equivalents/rat/day) for 3 weeks and were compared to placebo-treated rats. At the end of the study blood samples, peritoneal macrophages (RPM), livers, and hearts were harvested from the rats. RPM harvested from HCR vs. LCR demonstrated reduced cellular oxidation (21%), increased paraoxonase 2 activity (28%) and decreased triglycerides mass (44%). Macrophage uptake rates of fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labeled low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or oxidized LDL were significantly lower, by 37% or by 18%, respectively, in HCR vs. LCR RPM. PJ consumption significantly decreased all the above atherogenic parameters with more substantial beneficial effects observed in the LCR vs. the HCR rats (~80% vs. ~40% improvement, respectively). Similar hypo-triglyceridemic pattern was noted in serum from HCR vs. LCR. In contrast to the above results, liver oxidation and triglycerides mass were both minimally increased in HCR vs. LCR rats by 31% and 28%, respectively. In the heart, lipid content was very low, and interestingly, an absence of any significant oxidative stress, along with modest triglyceride accumulation, was observed. We conclude that HCR vs. LCR rats demonstrate reduced atherogenicity, mostly in their macrophages. PJ exerts a further improvement, mostly in macrophages from LCR rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Rosenblat
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rambam Health Care Campus, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nina Volkova
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rambam Health Care Campus, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zaid Abassi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Technion Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rambam Health Care Campus, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Romano KR, Rosenthal A, Deliza R. How do Brazilian consumers perceive a non-traditional and innovative fruit juice? An approach looking at the packaging. Food Res Int 2015; 74:123-130. [PMID: 28411976 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Consumer interest in nutritious and innovative foods encourages the development of products based on raw materials with nutraceutical potential. The health benefits provided by pomegranate have been recognized; therefore, the development of pomegranate juice may match consumer expectations regarding this goal. However, the concept has to first be accepted by the consumer. The aim of the study was to utilize a rating based conjoint analysis to investigate how Brazilian consumers perceive pomegranate juice by identifying the role of packaging attributes relevant to the consumer's intention to purchase. Five factors were considered in the study: technology used in the juice production (high hydrostatic pressure - HHP - a technology that preserves nutritional and sensory properties), antioxidants, price, preservatives, and colorant. Eight hypothetical pomegranate juice packages were created following an incomplete block design and evaluated by 150 fruit juice consumers. Three clusters were identified. The average results revealed that antioxidants were the attribute of greatest relative importance to cluster 1 (RI: 36%), followed by HHP (RI: 25%) and colorants (14%). Consumers in cluster 2 considered price as the most important attribute (RI: 41%), followed by antioxidants (RI: 21%) and HHP (RI: 18%). Cluster 3, as well as cluster 2, considered price the most important attribute (RI: 28%), followed by antioxidants (RI: 26%) and HHP (RI: 22%). The results showed that consumers valued information on the health benefits of antioxidants as well as on the technology, suggesting that both types of information may be relevant tools to increase the intention to purchase the product. The application of HHP for pomegranate juice processing was positively perceived by consumers, suggesting a potential commercial application in the Brazilian industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen R Romano
- Food Technology Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465 - km 07, CEP 23.890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amauri Rosenthal
- Embrapa Food Technology, Av. das Américas, 29.501, CEP 23.020-470 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosires Deliza
- Embrapa Food Technology, Av. das Américas, 29.501, CEP 23.020-470 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Gueritat J, Lefeuvre-Orfila L, Vincent S, Cretual A, Ravanat JL, Gratas-Delamarche A, Rannou-Bekono F, Rebillard A. Exercise training combined with antioxidant supplementation prevents the antiproliferative activity of their single treatment in prostate cancer through inhibition of redox adaptation. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 77:95-105. [PMID: 25236740 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In preclinical models, exercise training (ET) or pomegranate juice (PJ) prevents prostate cancer progression. Here, we hypothesized that physical exercise combined with antioxidants could induce synergistic effects through oxidative stress modulation. Forty male Copenhagen rats with prostate tumors were divided into four groups: control, PJ, ET, and PJ+ET. Rats from the PJ group consumed 750 µl of PJ daily, rats from the ET group ran on a treadmill 5 days per week, and PJ+ET rats received the combined treatment. Each week, tumor growth was evaluated. After 4 weeks of treatment, the rats were euthanized and blood, muscles, and tumors were collected. Tumor Ki67, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, Bcl-2 expression, and enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defenses, as well as oxidative stress markers (oxidized base, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation), were measured. PJ or ET significantly decreased prostate tumor proliferation (Ki67 staining, p<0.05) through the modulation of ERK phosphorylation, whereas the combination of treatments did not limit cancer progression. PJ significantly reduced Bcl-2 expression in tumors (p<0.05) and the combination of PJ and ET prevented this effect. PJ or ET increased enzymatic antioxidant defenses in muscle, PJ increased nonenzymatic antioxidant defenses in plasma and whole blood. In addition, PJ reduced TBARS and 8-oxodGuo levels in tumors as well as ET (p<0.05), whereas protein carbonyl levels were not affected by these two strategies. Paradoxically, association of PJ+ET did not increase antioxidant defenses and no reduction in oxidative stress markers was induced. Loading cancer cells with antioxidants blunts the positive effects of ET and interferes with important reactive oxygen species-mediated physiological processes such as antioxidant adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Gueritat
- EA 1274, Laboratoire "Mouvement, Sport, Santé," Université de Rennes 2-ENS Rennes, Bruz 35170, France
| | - Luz Lefeuvre-Orfila
- EA 1274, Laboratoire "Mouvement, Sport, Santé," Université de Rennes 2-ENS Rennes, Bruz 35170, France
| | - Sophie Vincent
- EA 1274, Laboratoire "Mouvement, Sport, Santé," Université de Rennes 2-ENS Rennes, Bruz 35170, France
| | - Armel Cretual
- EA 1274, Laboratoire "Mouvement, Sport, Santé," Université de Rennes 2-ENS Rennes, Bruz 35170, France
| | - Jean-Luc Ravanat
- Laboratoire "Lésions des Acides Nucléiques," Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1/CEA/Institut Nanoscience et Cryogénie/SCIB, UMR-E3, Grenoble, France
| | - Arlette Gratas-Delamarche
- EA 1274, Laboratoire "Mouvement, Sport, Santé," Université de Rennes 2-ENS Rennes, Bruz 35170, France
| | - Françoise Rannou-Bekono
- EA 1274, Laboratoire "Mouvement, Sport, Santé," Université de Rennes 2-ENS Rennes, Bruz 35170, France
| | - Amélie Rebillard
- EA 1274, Laboratoire "Mouvement, Sport, Santé," Université de Rennes 2-ENS Rennes, Bruz 35170, France.
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Aslan A, Can Mİ, Boydak D. Anti-oxidant effects of pomegranate juice on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell growth. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2014; 11:14-8. [PMID: 25392575 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i4.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pomegranate juice has a number of positive effects on both human and animal subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four groups were used in this study. i: Control group, ii: H2O2 group, iii: Pomegranate juice (PJ) group and iv: PJ + H2O2 group. Following the sterilization method for pomegranate juice (10%) and H2O2 (6% v/v), Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures were added and the cultivation incubated at 35°C for 72 hours. Fatty acids and vitamin concentrations were measured using HPLC and GC and the total protein bands profile were determined by SDS-PAGE. RESULTS According to our results statistically significant differences have been determined among the study groups in terms of fatty acids and vitamin (p<0,05). Fatty acid synthesis, vitamin control and cell density increased in groups to which PJ was given in comparison with the control group (p<0,05). Pomegranate juice increased vitamins, fatty acids and total protein expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in comparison with the control. CONCLUSION Pomegranate juice has a positive effect on fatty acid, vitamin and protein synthesis by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Accordingly, we believe that it has significantly decreased oxidative damage thereby making a positive impact on yeast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Aslan
- Firat University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Elazığ-TURKEY
| | | | - Didem Boydak
- Firat University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Elazığ-TURKEY
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Sabokbar N, Khodaiyan F. Characterization of pomegranate juice and whey based novel beverage fermented by kefir grains. J Food Sci Technol 2014; 52:3711-8. [PMID: 26028755 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mixture of pomegranate juice and whey was evaluated as a potential substrate for production of a novel probiotic beverage by kefir grains. Different fermentation conditions were used as viz: two fermentation temperature (19 ºC and 25 ºC) and two levels of kefir grains inoculum (5 % and 8%w/v). pH, acidity, lactose consumption as well as organic acids formation were determined during 32 hours of fermentation. Results showed that kefir grains were able to utilize lactose and decrease pH, increase acidity, produce lactic acid and acetic acid, while the level of citric acid decreased. It was observed these change depended on temperature and level of kefir grains with the highest changes at the temperature of 25 ºC and kefir grains inoculum of 8%w/v. Pomegranate juice and whey mixture therefore may serve as a suitable substrate for the production of novel probiotic dairy-fruit juice beverage by kefir grains and the sensory characteristics of this beverage were shown desirable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayereh Sabokbar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Faramarz Khodaiyan
- Bioprocessing and Biodetection Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Engeneering and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resource, University of Tehran, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran
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50
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Türkyılmaz M, Ozkan M. Effects of condensed tannins on anthocyanins and colour of authentic pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juices. Food Chem 2014; 164:324-31. [PMID: 24996341 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of condensed tannins (CT) on anthocyanins (ACNs) and colour of pomegranate juice (PJ) samples obtained from nine registered varieties in Turkey. CT-catechins (CTCs) reactive to vanillin and phloroglucinol adducts of CT contents were determined. CTC and ACN contents of PJs highly depended on variety (p<0.01), and ranged from 31 to 155 mg/L juice and from 47 to 405 mg/L juice, respectively. As catechin-phloroglucinol content increased, ACN content also increased (r=0.866). Strong logarithmic correlation between the ratio of ACN contents to catechin-phloroglucinol contents and polymeric colour (PC) values of the samples was found (r=-0.822). When PC value of PJs was ⩾8% or ratio of ACN contents to catechin-phloroglucinol contents of PJs was ⩽2.82, ACN contents of the samples determined by spectrophotometric method were higher than those determined by HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Türkyılmaz
- Institute of Food Safety, Ankara University, Diskapi Campus, Diskapi, 06110 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Ozkan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Diskapi, Ankara 06110, Turkey
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