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Wu F, Du T, Jiang X, Liu S, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Miao W, Wang T. Lactococcus garvieae exerts a critical role in inducing inflammation in dairy mastitis by triggering NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in MAC-T cells. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:132. [PMID: 38470533 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae (L. garvieae) is a pathogenic bacterium that is Gram-positive and catalase-negative (GPCN), and it is capable of growing in a wide range of environmental conditions. This bacterium is associated with significant mortality and losses in fisheries, and there are concerns regarding its potential as a zoonotic pathogen, given its presence in cattle and dairy products. While we have identified and characterized virulent strains of L. garvieae through phenotyping and molecular typing studies, their impact on mammary tissue remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the pathogenicity of strong and weak virulent strains of L. garvieae using in vivo mouse models. We aim to establish MAC-T cell model to examine potential injury caused by the strong virulent strain LG41 through the TLR2/NLRP3/NF-kB pathway. Furthermore, we assess the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in dairy mastitis by silencing NLRP3. The outcomes of this study will yield crucial theoretical insights into the potential mechanisms involved in mastitis in cows caused by the L. garvieae-induced inflammatory response in MAC-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Tao Du
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Shuhong Liu
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yiru Cheng
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Wei Miao
- Agronomy college, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Lin Y, Han J, Barkema HW, Wang Y, Gao J, Kastelic JP, Han B, Qin S, Deng Z. Comparative Genomic Analyses of Lactococcus garvieae Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in China. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0299522. [PMID: 37154706 PMCID: PMC10269658 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02995-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae is an emerging zoonotic pathogen, but there are few reports regarding bovine mastitis. The prevalence of L. garvieae represents an increasing disease threat and global public health risk. Thirty-nine L. garvieae isolates were obtained from 2,899 bovine clinical mastitis milk samples in 6 provinces of China from 2017 to 2021. Five clonal complexes were determined from 32 multilocus sequence types (MLSTs) of L. garvieae: sequence type 46 (ST46) was the predominant sequence type, and 13 novel MLSTs were identified. All isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol and clindamycin, but susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, imipenem, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, and marbofloxacin. Based on genomic analyses, L. garvieae had 6,310 genes, including 1,015 core, 3,641 accessory, and 1,654 unique genes. All isolates had virulence genes coding for collagenase, fibronectin-binding protein, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, and NADH oxidase. Most isolates had lsaD and mdtA antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Based on COG (Clusters of Orthologous Genes database) results, the functions of defense, transcription and replication, and recombination and repair were enhanced in unique genes, whereas functions of translation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis were enhanced in core genes. The KEGG functional categories enriched in unique genes included human disease and membrane transport, whereas COG functional categories enriched in core genes included energy metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and translation. No gene was significantly associated with host specificity. In addition, analysis of core genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) implied potential host adaptation of some isolates in several sequence types. In conclusion, this study characterized L. garvieae isolated from mastitis and detected potential adaptations of L. garvieae to various hosts. IMPORTANCE This study provides important genomic insights into a bovine mastitis pathogen, Lactococcus garvieae. Comprehensive genomic analyses of L. garvieae from dairy farms have not been reported. This study is a detailed and comprehensive report of novel features of isolates of L. garvieae, an important but poorly characterized bacterium, recovered in the past 5 years in 6 Chinese provinces. We documented diverse genetic features, including predominant sequence type ST46 and 13 novel MLSTs. Lactococcus garvieae had 6,310 genes, including 1,015 core, 3,641 accessory, and 1,654 unique genes. All isolates had virulence genes coding for collagenase, fibronectin-binding protein, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, and NADH oxidase and resistance to chloramphenicol and clindamycin. Most isolates had lsaD and mdtA antimicrobial resistance genes. However, no gene was significantly associated with host specificity. This is the first report that characterized L. garvieae isolates from bovine mastitis and revealed potential host adaptations of L. garvieae to various hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Lin
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinge Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Herman W. Barkema
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - John P. Kastelic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shunyi Qin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoju Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Xie X, Pan Z, Yu Y, Yu L, Wu F, Dong J, Wang T, Li L. Prevalence, Virulence, and Antibiotics Gene Profiles in Lactococcus garvieae Isolated from Cows with Clinical Mastitis in China. Microorganisms 2023; 11. [PMID: 36838344 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae (L. garvieae) is a pathogenic gram-positive, catalase-negative (GPCN) bacterium that causes bovine mastitis. A total of 49 L. garvieae isolates were identified from 1441 clinical mastitis (CM) samples. The pathogenic effects of L. garvieae were studied with two infection models: bovine mammary epithelial cells cultured in vitro and murine mammary infections in vivo. The overall farm prevalence was 15.5% (13/84 farms in 9/19 provinces) and sample prevalence was 3.40% (49/1441). Post-treatment somatic cell count (SCC) post L. garvieae infection was significantly higher than the other GPCN pathogens isolated, and the bacteriological cure fraction was 41.94% (13/31) after intramammary antibiotic treatment. All L. garvieae isolates were resistant to rifaximin, 12.24% of isolates were resistant to cephalexin, and 10.20% (5/49) were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The most prevalent virulence genes were Hemolysin 1 (hly1)(100%), Hemolysin 2 (hly2) (97.96%), NADH oxidase (NADHO) (100%), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) (100%), Adhesin Pav (Pav) (100%), Adhesin PsaA (PsaA) (100%), Enolase (eno) (100%), Adhesin cluster 1(AC1) (100%), Adhesin cluster 2 (AC2) (100%), and several exopolysaccharides. L. garvieae rapidly adhered to bovine mammary epithelial cells, resulting in an elevated lactate dehydrogenase release. Edema and congestion were observed in challenged murine mammary glands and bacteria were consistently isolated at 12, 24, 48, 72, and 120 h after infection. We concluded that L. garvieae had good adaptive ability in the bovine and murine mammary cells and tissue. Given the resistance profile, penicillin and ampicillin are potential treatments for CM cases caused by L. garvieae.
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Colagrossi L, Costabile V, Scutari R, Agosta M, Onori M, Mancinelli L, Lucignano B, Onetti Muda A, Del Baldo G, Mastronuzzi A, Locatelli F, Trua G, Montanari M, Alteri C, Bernaschi P, Perno CF. Evidence of pediatric sepsis caused by a drug resistant Lactococcus garvieae contaminated platelet concentrate. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1325-1334. [PMID: 35475418 PMCID: PMC9132404 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2071174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Owing to an increasing number of infections in adults, Lactococcus (L.) garvieae has gained recognition as an emerging human pathogen, causing bacteraemia and septicaemia. In September 2020, four paediatric onco-hematologic patients received a platelet concentrate from the same adult donor at Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome. Three of four patients experienced L. garvieae sepsis one day after transfusion. The L. garvieae pediatric isolates and the donor’s platelet concentrates were retrospectively collected for whole-genome sequencing and shot-gun metagenomics, respectively (Illumina HiSeq). By de novo assembly of the L. garvieae genomes, we found that all three pediatric isolates shared a 99.9% identity and were characterized by 440 common SNPs. Plasmid pUC11C (conferring virulence properties) and the temperate prophage Plg-Tb25 were detected in all three strains. Core SNP genome-based maximum likelihood and Bayesian trees confirmed their phylogenetic common origin and revealed their relationship with L. garvieae strains affecting cows and humans (bootstrap values >100 and posterior probabilities = 1.00). Bacterial reads obtained by the donor’s platelet concentrate have been profiled with MetaPhlAn2 (v.2.7.5); among these, 29.9% belonged to Firmicutes, and 5.16% to Streptococcaceae (>97% identity with L. garvieae), confirming the presence of L. garvieae in the platelet concentrate transfusion. These data showed three episodes of sepsis for the first time due to a transfusion-associated transmission of L. garvieae in three pediatric hospitalized hematology patients. This highlights the importance to implement the screening of platelet components with new human-defined pathogens for ensuring the safety of blood supply, and more broadly, for the surveillance of emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Colagrossi
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentino Costabile
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossana Scutari
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marilena Agosta
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Onori
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Mancinelli
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Lucignano
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Onetti Muda
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giada Del Baldo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cellular and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cellular and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cellular and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Trua
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Montanari
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Alteri
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Bernaschi
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Federico Perno
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Feito J, Araújo C, Gómez-Sala B, Contente D, Campanero C, Arbulu S, Saralegui C, Peña N, Muñoz-Atienza E, Borrero J, del Campo R, Hernández PE, Cintas LM. Antimicrobial activity, molecular typing and in vitro safety assessment of Lactococcus garvieae isolates from healthy cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) and rearing environment. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Maldonado-barragán A, Alegría-carrasco E, Blanco MDM, Vela AI, Fernández-garayzábal JF, Rodríguez JM, Gibello A. Garvicins AG1 and AG2: Two Novel Class IId Bacteriocins of Lactococcus garvieae Lg-Granada. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4685. [PMID: 35563074 PMCID: PMC9101539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae causes infectious diseases in animals and is considered an emerging zoonotic pathogen involved in human clinical conditions. In silico analysis of plasmid pLG50 of L. garvieae Lg-Granada, an isolate from a patient with endocarditis, revealed the presence of two gene clusters (orf46–47 and orf48–49), each one encoding a novel putative bacteriocin, i.e., garvicin AG1 (GarAG1; orf46) and garvicin AG2 (GarAG2; orf48), and their corresponding immunity proteins (orf47 and orf49). The chemically synthesised bacteriocins GarAG1 and GarAG2 presented inhibitory activity against pathogenic L. garvieae strains, with AG2 also being active against Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria ivanovii and Enterococcus faecalis. Genetic organisation, amino acid sequences and antimicrobial activities of GarAG1 and GarAG2 indicate that they belong to linear non-pediocin-like one-peptide class IId bacteriocins. Gram-positive bacteria that were sensitive to GarAG2 were also able to ferment mannose, suggesting that this bacteriocin could use the mannose phosphotransferase transport system (Man-PTS) involved in mannose uptake as a receptor in sensitive strains. Intriguingly, GarAG1 and GarAG2 were highly active against their own host, L. garvieae Lg-Granada, which could be envisaged as a new strategy to combat pathogens via their own weapons.
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Fang S, Qin T, Yu T, Zhang G. Improvement of the Gut Microbiota In Vivo by a Short-Chain Fatty Acids-Producing Strain Lactococcus garvieae CF11. Processes (Basel) 2022; 10:604. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has strong connections with health. Regulating and enhancing gut microbiota and increasing the population of beneficial microorganisms constitutes a new approach to increasing the efficiency of health status. Although it has been shown that Lactococcus can adjust gut microbiota and be beneficial for the host, little is known about whether strains of Lactococcus petauri can improve the gut microbiota. This study focused on the influence of Lactococcus petauri CF11 on the gut microbiome composition and the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in vivo in healthy Sprague Dawley rats. The present results showed that strain CF11 was able to induce a higher amount of fecal acetic acid and propionic acid and enhance species richness. Moreover, strain CF11 improved the gut microbiota community structure. In the experimental group, the genera Oscillospira, Coprococcus, and Ruminococcus, which are reported to be able to produce SCFAs, are significantly increased when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Finally, the functions of genes revealed that 180 pathways were upregulated or downregulated in comparison with the control group. Among them, the top-five clearly enriched pathways regarding metabolism included porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism; C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism; valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. Our data suggest that the SCFAs-producing strain CF11 is a potential probiotic.
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Francés-Cuesta C, Ansari I, Fernández-Garayzábal JF, Gibello A, González-Candelas F. Comparative genomics and evolutionary analysis of Lactococcus garvieae isolated from human endocarditis. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 35196218 PMCID: PMC8942021 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae is a well-known pathogen of fish, but is rarely involved in infections in humans and other mammals. In humans, the main clinical manifestation of L. garvieae infections is endocarditis usually related to the ingestion of contaminated food, such as undercooked fish and shellfish. This study presents the first complete genomic sequence of a clinical L. garvieae strain isolated from a patient with endocarditis and its comparative analysis with other genomes. This human isolate contains a circular chromosome of 2 099 060 bp and one plasmid of 50 557 bp. In comparison with other fully sequenced L. garvieae strains, the chromosomal DNA of L. garvieae Lg-Granada carries a low proportion of insertion sequence elements and a higher number of putative prophages. Our results show that, in general, L. garvieae is a highly recombinogenic species with an open pangenome in which almost 30 % of its genome has undergone horizontal transfers. Within the genus Lactococcus, L. lactis is the main donor of genetic components to L. garvieae but, taking Lg-Granada as a representative, this bacterium tends to import more genes from Bacilli taxa than from other Lactococcus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Francés-Cuesta
- Joint Research Unit Infection and Public Health FISABIO-University of Valencia, Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio, UV-CSIC) and CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Iván Ansari
- Joint Research Unit Infection and Public Health FISABIO-University of Valencia, Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio, UV-CSIC) and CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Francisco Fernández-Garayzábal
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,VISAVET Animal Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Gibello
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando González-Candelas
- Joint Research Unit Infection and Public Health FISABIO-University of Valencia, Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio, UV-CSIC) and CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, Valencia, Spain
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Soltani M, Baldisserotto B, Hosseini Shekarabi SP, Shafiei S, Bashiri M. Lactococcosis a Re-Emerging Disease in Aquaculture: Disease Significant and Phytotherapy. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8090181. [PMID: 34564575 PMCID: PMC8473265 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8090181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcosis, particularly that caused by Lactococcus garvieae, is a major re-emerging bacterial disease seriously affecting the sustainability of aquaculture industry. Medicinal herbs and plants do not have very much in vitro antagonism and in vivo disease resistance towards lactococcosis agents in aquaculture. Most in vitro studies with herbal extractives were performed against L. garvieae with no strong antibacterial activity, but essential oils, especially those that contain thymol or carvacrol, are more effective. The differences exhibited by the bacteriostatic and bactericidal functions for a specific extractive in different studies could be due to different bacterial strains or parts of chemotypes of the same plant. Despite essential oils being shown to have the best anti-L. garvieae activity in in vitro assays, the in vivo bioassays required further study. The extracts tested under in vivo conditions presented moderate efficacy, causing a decrease in mortality in infected animals, probably because they improved immune parameters before challenging tests. This review addressed the efficacy of medicinal herbs to lactococcosis and discussed the presented gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Soltani
- Freshwater Fish Group and Fish Health Unit, Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil;
| | | | - Shafigh Shafiei
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 64165478, Iran;
| | - Masoumeh Bashiri
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963111, Iran;
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Thiry D, Billen F, Boyen F, Duprez JN, Quenault H, Touzain F, Blanchard Y, Clercx C, Mainil JG. Genomic relatedness of a canine Lactococcus garvieae to human, animal and environmental isolates. Res Vet Sci 2021; 137:170-173. [PMID: 33991889 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lactococcus (L.) garvieae is a zoonotic fish pathogen that can also cause bacteraemia and endocarditis in humans and has been isolated from healthy or diseased domestic animals. Nevertheless L. garvieae is more an opportunistic, than a primary pathogen since most affected humans have predisposing conditions and comorbidities. L. garvieae is also present in other animal species, most frequently cattle, but also sheep, goats, water buffaloes, and pigs, and much more rarely dogs, cats, horses, camel, turtle, snake and crocodile. The purpose of this study was to genomically (i) confirm the identification by MALDI-TOF MS® of a L. garvieae from the nasal discharge of a dog with chronic respiratory disorders and (ii) compare this canine isolate with human and animal L. garvieae isolates. According to the BLAST analysis after Whole Genome Sequencing, this canine isolate was more than 99% identical to 3 L. garvieae and belonged to a new Multi-Locus Sequence Type (ST45). MLST and whole genomes-based phylogenetic analysis were performed on the canine isolate and the 40 genomes available in Genbank. The canine L. garvieae was most closely related to an Australian camel and an Indian fish L. garvieae and more distantly to human L. garvieae. Twenty-five of the 29 putative virulence-associated genes searched for were detected, but not the 16 capsule-encoding genes. The heterogeneity of the L. garvieae species is reflected by the diversity of the MLSTypes and virulotypes identified and by the phylogenetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Thiry
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Frédéric Billen
- Internal Medicine, Companion Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH (Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health) centre, Campus du Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Filip Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jean-Noël Duprez
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Hélène Quenault
- Viral Genetics and Bio-security Unit, Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort laboratory, Ploufragan, France
| | - Fabrice Touzain
- Viral Genetics and Bio-security Unit, Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort laboratory, Ploufragan, France
| | - Yannick Blanchard
- Viral Genetics and Bio-security Unit, Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort laboratory, Ploufragan, France
| | - Cécile Clercx
- Internal Medicine, Companion Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH (Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health) centre, Campus du Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jacques G Mainil
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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11
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Lin YS, Kweh KH, Koh TH, Lau QC, Abdul Rahman NB. Genomic analysis of Lactococcus garvieae isolates. Pathology 2020; 52:700-707. [PMID: 32829891 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae is a well-known fish pathogen, and in recent years, a human pathogen of increasing clinical significance. However, not much is known about the variances in characteristics of strains isolated locally and overseas. This study aims at conducting comparative genomic analysis on local and overseas L. garvieae isolates, to further understand the phylogenetic and virulence variances between the two groups. The genomic DNA of 11 local L. garvieae isolates (fish 6, human 5) were sequenced, annotated and typed using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). A total of six novel sequence types (STs) were found in the local isolates. Genotypic overlapping of the STs was observed between local fish and human isolates with overseas fish, food and human clinical isolates. Thereby, suggesting a possible transmission between fish or food and humans. Virulence genes (putative internalin and putative mucus adhesin) were found to be specific to genomic clusters (GC), GC2 and GC3. A higher incidence of resistance genes was also observed in local isolates (n=8, 72.72%) when compared to the overseas isolates (n=7, 41.18%). This study represents the first evidence of genetic variances amongst local and overseas isolates, and virulence characteristics specific to the phylogeny of L. garvieae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunni Snow Lin
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; School of Life Science and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Kah Hao Kweh
- School of Life Science and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Tse Hsien Koh
- Department of Microbiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Quek Choon Lau
- School of Life Science and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore
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Pastorino P, Vela Alonso AI, Colussi S, Cavazza G, Menconi V, Mugetti D, Righetti M, Barbero R, Zuccaro G, Fernández-Garayzábal JF, Dondo A, Acutis PL, Prearo M. A Summer Mortality Outbreak of Lactococcosis by Lactococcus garvieae in a Raceway System Affecting Farmed Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Brook Trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis). Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121043. [PMID: 31795312 PMCID: PMC6940933 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lactococcus garvieae is the etiological agent of lactococcosis, a bacterial disease affecting many species of fish and causing major economic losses in aquaculture. In this study we described, for the first time, the isolation of L. garvieae in brook trout farmed in northwestern Italy by performing a molecular and epidemiological characterization. Results confirmed water as vehicle of infection, favoring the transmission of the pathogen between rainbow trout farmed in the upstream compartments of a raceways system and the brook trout located in downstream tanks. Abstract Lactococcosis is a fish disease of major concern in Mediterranean countries caused by Lactococcus garvieae. The most susceptible species is the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), suffering acute disease associated with elevated mortalities compared to other fish species. References reported that other salmonids are also susceptible to the disease, but no mortality outbreak has been described to date. The aim of this study was to present a mortality outbreak that occurred in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) farmed in northwestern Italy during the summer of 2018. Fish exhibited clinical signs, such as exophthalmos, diffused hemorrhages localized in the ocular zone, hemorrhagic enteritis, and enlarged spleen. L. garvieae was isolated in all fish. Molecular and epidemiological characterization of the isolates, through Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), confirmed the initial hypothesis of water as vehicle of infection favoring transmission between rainbow trout farmed in upstream compartments and brook trout located in downstream tanks. Moreover, several environmental conditions affected and promoted the outbreak, among them the high-water temperature, which probably induced a physiological stress in brook trout, being way above the optimal temperature for this species, increasing the susceptibility to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pastorino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (G.C.); (V.M.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-268-6295
| | - Ana Isabel Vela Alonso
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.V.A.); (J.F.F.-G.)
| | - Silvia Colussi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (G.C.); (V.M.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Giulia Cavazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (G.C.); (V.M.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Vasco Menconi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (G.C.); (V.M.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Davide Mugetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (G.C.); (V.M.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Marzia Righetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (G.C.); (V.M.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Raffaella Barbero
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Biella, via Don Sturzo 20, 13900 Biella, Italy;
| | - Gaetano Zuccaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (G.C.); (V.M.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - José Francisco Fernández-Garayzábal
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.V.A.); (J.F.F.-G.)
| | - Alessandro Dondo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (G.C.); (V.M.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (G.C.); (V.M.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Marino Prearo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (G.C.); (V.M.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
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13
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Castro R, Coll J, Blanco MDM, Rodriguez-Bertos A, Jouneau L, Fernández-Garayzábal JF, Gibello A. Spleen and head kidney differential gene expression patterns in trout infected with Lactococcus garvieae correlate with spleen granulomas. Vet Res 2019; 50:32. [PMID: 31046823 PMCID: PMC6498643 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0649-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae is a significant pathogen in aquaculture with a potential zoonotic risk. To begin to characterize the late immune response of trout to lactococcosis, we selected infected individuals showing clinical signs of lactococcosis. At the time lactococcosis clinical signs appeared, infection by L. garvieae induced a robust inflammatory response in the spleen of rainbow trout, which correlated with abundant granulomatous lesions. The response in kidney goes in parallel with that of spleen, and most of the gene regulations are similar in both organs. A correlation existed between the early inflammatory granulomas in spleen (containing macrophages with internalized L. garvieae) and up-regulated gene sets, which defined the presence of macrophages and neutrophils. This is the first analysis of the immune transcriptome of rainbow trout following L. garvieae infection during the initiation of adaptive immune mechanisms and shows a transcriptome induction of antibody response by both IgM (+) and IgT (+) spleen B cells to respond to systemic infection. These results increase our understanding of lactococcosis and pave the way for future research to improve control measures of lactococcosis on fish farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Castro
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,INRA, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Julio Coll
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional Investigaciones Agrarias y Alimentarias, INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Blanco
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodriguez-Bertos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,VISAVET Animal Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luc Jouneau
- INRA, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - José Francisco Fernández-Garayzábal
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,VISAVET Animal Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Gibello
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Tymoszewska A, Diep DB, Aleksandrzak-Piekarczyk T. The extracellular loop of Man-PTS subunit IID is responsible for the sensitivity of Lactococcus garvieae to garvicins A, B and C. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15790. [PMID: 30361679 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannose phosphotransferase system (Man-PTS) serves as a receptor for several bacteriocins in sensitive bacterial cells, namely subclass IIa bacteriocins (pediocin-like; pediocins) and subclass IId ones - lactococcin A (LcnA), lactococcin B (LcnB) and garvicin Q (GarQ). Here, to identify the receptor for three other narrow-spectrum subclass IId bacteriocins - garvicins A, B and C (GarA-C) Lactococcus garvieae mutants resistant to bacteriocins were generated and sequenced to look for mutations responsible for resistance. Spontaneous mutants had their whole genome sequenced while in mutants obtained by integration of pGhost9::ISS1 regions flanking the integration site were sequenced. For both types of mutants mutations were found in genes encoding Man-PTS components IIC and IID indicating that Man-PTS likely serves as the receptor for these bacteriocins as well. This was subsequently confirmed by deletion of the man-PTS operon in the bacteriocin-sensitive L. garvieae IBB3403, which resulted in resistant cells, and by heterologous expression of appropriate man-PTS genes in the resistant Lactococcus lactis strains, which resulted in sensitive cells. GarA, GarB, GarC and other Man-PTS-targeting bacteriocins differ in the amino acid sequence and activity spectrum, suggesting that they interact with the receptor through distinct binding patterns. Comparative analyses and genetic studies identified a previously unrecognized extracellular loop of Man-PTS subunit IID (γ+) implicated in the L. garvieae sensitivity to the bacteriocins studied here. Additionally, individual amino acids localized mostly in the sugar channel-forming transmembrane parts of subunit IIC or in the extracellular parts of IID likely involved in the interaction with each bacteriocin were specified. Finally, template-based 3D models of Man-PTS subunits IIC and IID were built to allow a deeper insight into the Man-PTS structure and functioning.
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15
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Castro R, Reguera-Brito M, López-Campos GH, Blanco MM, Aguado-Urda M, Fernández-Garayzábal JF, Gibello A. How does temperature influences the development of lactococcosis? Transcriptomic and immunoproteomic in vitro approaches. J Fish Dis 2017; 40:1285-1297. [PMID: 28093775 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae is the aetiological agent of lactococcosis, a haemorrhagic septicaemia that affects marine and freshwater fish, with special incidence and economic relevance in farmed rainbow trout. Water temperature is one of the most important predisposing factors in the development of lactococcosis outbreaks. Lactococcosis in trout usually occur when water temperatures rise to about 18 °C, while fish carriers remain asymptomatic at temperatures below 13 °C. The aim of this work was to analyse the differences in the complete transcriptome response of L. garvieae grown at 18 °C and at 13 °C and to identify the immunogenic proteins expressed by this bacterium at 18 °C. Our results show that water temperature influences the expression of L. garvieae genes involved in the lysis of part of the bacterial cell population and in the cold response bacterial adaptation. Moreover, the surface immunogenic protein profile at 18 °C suggests an important role of the lysozyme-like enzyme, WxL surface proteins and some putative moonlighting proteins (proteins with more than one function, usually associated with different cellular locations) as virulence factors in L. garvieae. The results of this study could provide insights into the understanding of the virulence mechanisms of L. garvieae in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Castro
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Reguera-Brito
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - G H López-Campos
- Health and Biomedical Informatics Research Unit, Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M M Blanco
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Aguado-Urda
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - J F Fernández-Garayzábal
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Animal Health Surveillance Center (VISAVET), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Gibello
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Abstract
A 57-year-old man presented with native mitral valve endocarditis caused by Lactococcus garvieae, a known animal pathogen that is increasingly being reported as a cause of human infections. The organism was cultured in four sets of blood cultures and identification was initially made by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry and confirmed by 16S rDNA PCR of the blood culture isolate. He was successfully treated with 6 weeks of both amoxicillin and gentamicin and underwent valve replacement surgery after 4 weeks of antimicrobial treatment. The removed valve was sterile but L. garvieae DNA was detected on the valve using 16S rDNA PCR. The cause of the L. garvieae infection could not be ascertained but flexible sigmoidoscopy demonstrated colonic polyps, which have been linked to infection with this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia H Lim
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - David R Jenkins
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
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17
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Gibello A, Galán-Sánchez F, Blanco MM, Rodríguez-Iglesias M, Domínguez L, Fernández-Garayzábal JF. The zoonotic potential of Lactococcus garvieae: An overview on microbiology, epidemiology, virulence factors and relationship with its presence in foods. Res Vet Sci 2016; 109:59-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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Reguera-Brito M, Galán-Sánchez F, Blanco MM, Rodríguez-Iglesias M, Domínguez L, Fernández-Garayzábal JF, Gibello A. Genetic analysis of human clinical isolates of Lactococcus garvieae: Relatedness with isolates from foods. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2016; 37:185-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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19
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Ture M, Altinok I, Capkin E. Comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR and biochemical tests to characterize Lactococcus garvieae. J Fish Dis 2015; 38:37-47. [PMID: 25664362 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical test, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR) were used to compare 42 strains of Lactococcus garvieae isolated from different regions of Turkey, Italy, France and Spain. Twenty biotypes of L. garvieae were formed based on 54 biochemical tests. ERIC-PCR of genomic DNA from different L. garvieae strains resulted in amplification of multiple fragments of DNA in sizes ranging between 200 and 5000 bp with various band intensities. After cutting DNA with ApaI restriction enzyme and running on the PFGE, 11–22 resolvable bands ranging from 2 to 194 kb were observed. Turkish isolates were grouped into two clusters, and only A58 (Italy) strain was connected with Turkish isolates. Similarities between Turkish, Spanish, Italian and French isolates were <50% except 216-6 Rize strain. In Turkey, first lactococcosis occurred in Mugla, and then, it has been spread all over the country. Based on ERIC-PCR, Spanish and Italian strains of L. garvieae were related to Mugla strains. Therefore, after comparing PFGE profiles, ERIC-PCR profiles and phenotypic characteristics of 42 strains of L. garvieae, there were no relationships found between these three typing methods. PFGE method was more discriminative than the other methods.
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20
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Gibello A, Díaz de Alba P, Blanco MM, Machuca J, Cutuli MT, Rodríguez-Martínez JM. Lactococcus garvieae carries a chromosomally encoded pentapeptide repeat protein that confers reduced susceptibility to quinolones in Escherichia coli producing a cytotoxic effect. Res Microbiol 2014; 165:590-9. [PMID: 24965125 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study characterises a chromosomal gene of Lactococcus garvieae encoding a pentapeptide repeat protein designated as LgaQnr. This gene has been implicated in reduced susceptibility to quinolones in this bacterium, which is of relevance to both veterinary and human medicine. All of the L. garvieae isolates analysed were positive for the lgaqnr gene. The expression of lgaqnr in Escherichia coli reduced the susceptibility to quinolones, producing an adverse effect. The reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was 16-fold in E. coli ATCC 25922 and 32-fold in E. coli DH10B, compared to the control strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration of nalidixic acid was also increased 4 or 5-fold. The effect of the expression of lgaqnr in E. coli was investigated by electron microscopy and was observed to affect the structure of the cell and the inner membrane of the recombinant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Gibello
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paula Díaz de Alba
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - M Mar Blanco
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesus Machuca
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Virgen de la Macarena, 41007 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - M Teresa Cutuli
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Maldonado-Barragán A, Cárdenas N, Martínez B, Ruiz-Barba JL, Fernández-Garayzábal JF, Rodríguez JM, Gibello A. Garvicin A, a novel class IId bacteriocin from Lactococcus garvieae that inhibits septum formation in L. garvieae strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:4336-46. [PMID: 23666326 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00830-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae 21881, isolated in a human clinical case, produces a novel class IId bacteriocin, garvicin A (GarA), which is specifically active against other L. garvieae strains, including fish- and bovine-pathogenic isolates. Purification from active supernatants, sequence analyses, and plasmid-curing experiments identified pGL5, one of the five plasmids found in L. garvieae [M. Aguado-Urda et al., PLoS One 7(6):e40119, 2012], as the coding plasmid for the structural gene of GarA (lgnA), its putative immunity protein (lgnI), and the ABC transporter and its accessory protein (lgnC and lgnD). Interestingly, pGL5-cured strains were still resistant to GarA. Other putative bacteriocins encoded by the remaining plasmids were not detected during purification, pointing to GarA as the main inhibitor secreted by L. garvieae 21881. Mode-of-action studies revealed a potent bactericidal activity of GarA. Moreover, transmission microscopy showed that GarA seems to act by inhibiting septum formation in L. garvieae cells. This potent and species-specific inhibition by GarA holds promise for applications in the prevention or treatment of infections caused by pathogenic strains of L. garvieae in both veterinary and clinical settings.
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Ricci G, Ferrario C, Borgo F, Eraclio G, Fortina MG. Genome Sequences of Two Lactococcus garvieae Strains Isolated from Meat. Genome Announc 2013; 1:e00018-12. [PMID: 23405320 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00018-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae is an important fish pathogen and an emerging opportunistic human pathogen, as well as a component of natural microbiota in dairy and meat products. We present the first report of genome sequences of L. garvieae I113 and Tac2 strains isolated from a meat source.
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Aguado-Urda M, Gibello A, Blanco MM, López-Campos GH, Cutuli MT, Fernández-Garayzábal JF. Characterization of plasmids in a human clinical strain of Lactococcus garvieae. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40119. [PMID: 22768237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work describes the molecular characterization of five circular plasmids found in the human clinical strain Lactococcus garvieae 21881. The plasmids were designated pGL1-pGL5, with molecular sizes of 4,536 bp, 4,572 bp, 12,948 bp, 14,006 bp and 68,798 bp, respectively. Based on detailed sequence analysis, some of these plasmids appear to be mosaics composed of DNA obtained by modular exchange between different species of lactic acid bacteria. Based on sequence data and the derived presence of certain genes and proteins, the plasmid pGL2 appears to replicate via a rolling-circle mechanism, while the other four plasmids appear to belong to the group of lactococcal theta-type replicons. The plasmids pGL1, pGL2 and pGL5 encode putative proteins related with bacteriocin synthesis and bacteriocin secretion and immunity. The plasmid pGL5 harbors genes (txn, orf5 and orf25) encoding proteins that could be considered putative virulence factors. The gene txn encodes a protein with an enzymatic domain corresponding to the family actin-ADP-ribosyltransferases toxins, which are known to play a key role in pathogenesis of a variety of bacterial pathogens. The genes orf5 and orf25 encode two putative surface proteins containing the cell wall-sorting motif LPXTG, with mucin-binding and collagen-binding protein domains, respectively. These proteins could be involved in the adherence of L. garvieae to mucus from the intestine, facilitating further interaction with intestinal epithelial cells and to collagenous tissues such as the collagen-rich heart valves. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the characterization of plasmids in a human clinical strain of this pathogen.
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