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Xiang J, Su QQ, Luo LJ, Lau TC. Synthesis and reactivity of an osmium(iii) aminoguanidine complex. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11404-11410. [PMID: 31282913 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01711a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The biological activities of aminoguanidine (GNH2) and its derivatives have been extensively studied due to their properties as radical scavengers and antioxidants. Some of their biological activities may result from their binding to various metals present in biological systems. However, the reactivity of coordinated aminoguanidines has not been investigated. We report herein the synthesis, structure and reactivity of a novel osmium(iii) complex bearing the parent aminoguanidine, mer-[Os{NHC(NH2)(NHNH2)}(L)(CN)3]- (OsGNH2, HL = 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole). The antioxidant properties of OsGNH2 have been investigated by reactions with various oxidants, including O2, H2O2, m-chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA) and Ce(iv). Various osmium products are produced, which depend on the type of oxidant used. OsGNH2 is readily oxidized by O2 or H2O2 under ambient conditions to afford an osmium(iii) formamidine complex, [OsIII(NH2C[double bond, length as m-dash]NH)(L)(CN)3]- (OsFA, FA = formamidine). With m-CPBA, the nitrosyl complex, mer-[Os(NO)(L)(CN)3]- (OsNO), is formed instead. On the other hand, the nitrido complex mer-[Os(N)(L)(CN)3]- (OsN) is produced when the one-electron oxidant (NH4)2[CeIV(NO3)6] (Ce(iv)) is employed. The molecular structures of OsGNH2 and OsFA have been determined by X-ray crystallography. The oxidation of OsGNH2 to OsFA by O2 or H2O2 is proposed to go through initial dehydrogenation to give a diazoamidine intermediate. In the oxidation by m-CPBA and Ce(iv), it is proposed that the initially formed OsFA is further oxidized to OsNO and OsN, respectively, via osmium(iii) hydrogen cyanamido and osmium(iv) cyanoimido intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434020, Hubei, P. R. China.
| | - Qian-Qian Su
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434020, Hubei, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Juan Luo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434020, Hubei, P. R. China.
| | - Tai-Chu Lau
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
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Ozdemir N, Inkaya E, Sarıpınar E, Akyüz L, Ilhan IÖ, Aydın S, Dinçer M, Büyükgüngör O. Synthesis, spectroscopic (FT-IR/NMR) characterization, X-ray structure and DFT studies on (E)-2-(1-phenylethylidene) hydrazinecarboximidamide nitrate hemimethanol. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 114:175-182. [PMID: 23770506 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The title molecular salt, (E)-2-(1-phenylethylidene) hydrazinecarboximidamide nitrate hemimethanol C9H13N4(+)·NO3(-)·0.5CH4O, was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and NMT spectroscopies, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to study the molecular and spectroscopic properties of the title compound, and the results were compared with the experimental findings. The calculated results show that the optimized geometry can well reproduce the crystal structure parameters, and the theoretical vibrational frequencies and GIAO (1)H and (13)CNMR chemical shifts show good agreement with experimental values. The dipole moment, linear polarizability and first hyperpolarizability values were also computed. The linear polarizabilities and first hyper polarizabilities of the studied molecule indicate that the compound is a good candidate of nonlinear optical materials. On the basis of the thermodynamic properties of the title compound at different temperatures have been calculated, revealing the correlations between standard heat capacities (C) standard entropies (S), and standard enthalpy changes (H) and temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namık Ozdemir
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey.
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Parra ER, Boufelli G, Bertanha F, Samorano LDP, Aguiar AC, Costa FMA, Capelozzi VL, Barbas-Filho JV. Temporal evolution of epithelial, vascular and interstitial lung injury in an experimental model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis induced by butyl-hydroxytoluene. Int J Exp Pathol 2008; 89:350-7. [PMID: 18808527 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to test whether the structural remodelling of pulmonary parenchyma can be sequentially altered in a model and method that demonstrate the progression of the disease and result in remodelling within the lungs that is typical of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Three groups of mice were studied: (i) animals that received 3-5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT) and were killed after 2 weeks (early BHT = 9); (ii) animals that received BHT and were killed after 4 weeks (late BHT = 11); (iii) animals that received corn oil solution (control = 10). The mice were placed in a ventilated Plexiglas chamber with a mixture of pure humidified oxygen and compressed air. Lung histological sections underwent haematoxylin-eosin, immunohistochemistry (epithelial, endothelial and immune cells) and specific staining (collagen/elastic fibres) methods for morphometric analysis. When compared with the control group, early BHT and late BHT groups showed significant decrease of type II pneumocytes, lower vascular density in both and higher endothelial activity. CD4 was increased in late BHT compared with early and control groups, while CD8, macrophage and neutrophil cells were more prominent only in early BHT. The collagenous fibre density were significantly higher only in late BHT, whereas elastic fibre content in late BHT was lower than that in control group. We conclude that the BHT experimental model is pathologically very similar to human usual interstitial pneumonia. This feature is important in the identification of animal models of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis that can accurately reflect the pathogenesis and progression of the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Roger Parra
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Martinez JAB, Ramos SG, Meirelles MS, Verceze AV, Arantes MRD, Vannucchi H. Efeitos da quercetina na lesão pulmonar induzida por bleomicina: um estudo preliminar. J Bras Pneumol 2008; 34:445-52. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37132008000700003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 10/15/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos da quercetina em um modelo de inflamação pulmonar e fibrose induzidas por bleomicina. MÉTODOS: Setenta e nove hamsters machos adultos foram randomizados para aplicação de injeções pelas vias intratraqueal (IT) e intraperitoneal (IP) em quatro configurações: veículo IP/salina IT (grupo VS, n = 16); salina IT/quercetina IP (grupo QS, n = 16); bleomicina IT/veículo IP (grupo VB, n = 27); e bleomicina IT/quercetina IP (grupo QB, n = 20). A quercetina e a bleomicina foram aplicadas em doses de 30 mg/kg/dia e 10 U/kg, respectivamente.A quercetina foi iniciada/suspensa 3 dias antes/14 dias depois das injeções IT. RESULTADOS: A taxa de mortalidade do grupo VB foi significantemente superior à dos demais grupos (44% vs. VS: 0%; QS: 0%; QB: 15%). O grupo VB exibiu níveis pulmonares de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (× 10-2 nmol/mg) significativamente maiores (6,6 ± 1,3 vs. VS: 5,5 ± 0,8; QS: 2,5 ± 0,6; e QB: 5,8 ± 0,6).Os grupos VB/QB mostraram níveis pulmonares de glutationa reduzida (× 10-2 nmol/mg) significativamente menores que os dos grupos VS/QS (28,9 ± 13,8/28,6 ± 14,8 vs. 43,9 ± 16,0/51,1 ± 20,3) e níveis de hidroxiprolina (mg/g) significativamente maiores (201,6 ± 37,3/177,6 ± 20,3 vs. 109,6 ± 26,1/117,5 ± 32,0). CONCLUSÕES: Em um modelo animal de lesão pulmonar, a quercetina exibiu efeitos antiinflamatórios que são relacionados, pelo menos em parte, a suas propriedades antioxidantes.
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Moeller A, Ask K, Warburton D, Gauldie J, Kolb M. The bleomycin animal model: a useful tool to investigate treatment options for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007; 40:362-82. [PMID: 17936056 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2007.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 698] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Different animal models of pulmonary fibrosis have been developed to investigate potential therapies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The most common is the bleomycin model in rodents (mouse, rat and hamster). Over the years, numerous agents have been shown to inhibit fibrosis in this model. However, to date none of these compounds are used in the clinical management of IPF and none has shown a comparable antifibrotic effect in humans. We performed a systematic review of publications on drug efficacy studies in the bleomycin model to evaluate the value of this model regarding transferability to clinical use. Between 1980 and 2006 we identified 240 experimental studies describing beneficial antifibrotic compounds in the bleomycin model. 222 of those used a preventive regimen (drug given < or =7 days after last bleomycin application), only 13 were therapeutic trials (>7 days after last bleomycin application). In 5 studies we did not find enough details about the timing of drug application to allow inter-study comparison. It is critical to distinguish between drugs interfering with the inflammatory and early fibrogenic response from those preventing progression of fibrosis, the latter likely much more meaningful for clinical application. All potential antifibrotic compounds should be evaluated in the phase of established fibrosis rather than in the early period of bleomycin-induced inflammation for assessment of its antifibrotic properties. Further care should be taken in extrapolation of drugs successfully tested in the bleomycin model due to partial reversibility of bleomycin-induced fibrosis over time. The use of alternative and more robust animal models, which better reflect human IPF, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Moeller
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Genovese T, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R, Failla M, Mazzon E, Sortino MA, Frasca G, Gili E, Crimi N, Caputi AP, Vancheri C. Inhibition or knock out of inducible nitric oxide synthase result in resistance to bleomycin-induced lung injury. Respir Res 2005; 6:58. [PMID: 15955252 PMCID: PMC1177992 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-6-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2005] [Accepted: 06/14/2005] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, by comparing the responses in wild-type mice (WT) and mice lacking (KO) the inducible (or type 2) nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), we investigated the role played by iNOS in the development of on the lung injury caused by bleomycin administration. When compared to bleomycin-treated iNOSWT mice, iNOSKO mice, which had received bleomycin, exhibited a reduced degree of the (i) lost of body weight, (ii) mortality rate, (iii) infiltration of the lung with polymorphonuclear neutrophils (MPO activity), (iv) edema formation, (v) histological evidence of lung injury, (vi) lung collagen deposition and (vii) lung Transforming Growth Factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) expression. METHODS Mice subjected to intratracheal administration of bleomycin developed a significant lung injury. Immunohistochemical analysis for nitrotyrosine revealed a positive staining in lungs from bleomycin-treated iNOSWT mice. RESULTS The intensity and degree of nitrotyrosine staining was markedly reduced in tissue section from bleomycin-iNOSKO mice. Treatment of iNOSWT mice with of GW274150, a novel, potent and selective inhibitor of iNOS activity (5 mg/kg i.p.) also significantly attenuated all of the above indicators of lung damage and inflammation. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that iNOS plays an important role in the lung injury induced by bleomycin in the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario, 98123 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario, 98123 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario, 98123 Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Failla
- Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario, 98123 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Sortino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Frasca
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Elisa Gili
- Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Crimi
- Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Achille P Caputi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario, 98123 Messina, Italy
| | - Carlo Vancheri
- Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Bharatam PV, Iqbal P, Malde A, Tiwari R. Electron Delocalization in Aminoguanidine: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp049366e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. V. Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), 160 062 Punjab, India
| | - P. Iqbal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), 160 062 Punjab, India
| | - A. Malde
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), 160 062 Punjab, India
| | - R. Tiwari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), 160 062 Punjab, India
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Austin PF, Casale AJ, Cain MP, Rink RC, Weintraub SJ. Lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory cytokines cause an inducible nitric oxide synthase-dependent bladder smooth muscle fibrotic response. J Urol 2003; 170:645-8. [PMID: 12853848 DOI: 10.1097/01.ju.0000068727.22429.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bladder wall fibrosis is a sequela of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI). Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been shown to mediate the fibrotic response to inflammation in other tissues. We determined if iNOS could be involved in the fibrotic response to recurrent UTI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human bladder smooth muscle cells (SMC) were treated with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and a mixture of inflammatory cytokines. The level of collagen type III, and the levels of iNOS mRNA, protein and activity were determined. The effect of the iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine on collagen type III expression was then assessed. RESULTS Expression of collagen type III, iNOS mRNA and iNOS protein as well as iNOS activity were increased in bladder SMC treated with the combination of LPS and cytokines. The increase in collagen type III expression was inhibited by pretreatment of cells with aminoguanidine. CONCLUSIONS LPS and inflammatory cytokines induce collagen type III expression in an iNOS dependent manner in human bladder SMC. This finding suggests that iNOS may be a critical mediator of the bladder wall fibrotic response to chronic UTI and iNOS inhibitors may be of therapeutic value in patients with chronic UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Austin
- Division of Urology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Missouri, USA
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Teodoro WR, Miron BG, Tsuzuki L, Ogido I, Velosa AP, Abatepaulo F, Capelozzi VL, Yoshinari NH. Synovial Remodeling Process Induced by Type V Collagen Immunization in Rabbits. Pathol Res Pract 2003; 199:605-12. [PMID: 14621196 DOI: 10.1078/0344-0338-00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diffuse connective tissue diseases is still unknown despite studies of the autoimmunity aspects related to extracellular matrix elements, mainly the collagens. Articulations are frequently affected by the synovitis process in these diseases. The objective of the present study was to verify the morphologic aspects of the synovial membrane of rabbits immunized with type V collagen, which has some particular characteristics 75 days after the first antigen inoculation and when compared to control animals. The synovial membrane of the animals sacrificed after 75 days of immunization presented an intense remodeling phenomenon along the connective tissue screen and interlobular septa of the adipose-muscle tissue screen compartment. The remodeling process determined type I and III collagen fiber depositions in the vascular and connective tissue compartments of the synovial membrane. The nutrient vessels of the adipose-muscle compartment showed a similar remodeling process, which resulted in small vessel occlusion. Few residual inflammatory foci consisting of monocytes and eosinophils were observed. Thus, our experimental model reproduces morphologic changes in different tissues, characterized by an extracellular matrix remodeling process similar to those observed in many diffuse connective tissue diseases such as systemic lupus erytematosus and scleroderma. Therefore, this model could be useful in understanding the pathogenesis and the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walcy R Teodoro
- Department of Rheumatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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