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Oxidative Stress and High-Mobility Group Box 1 Assay in Dogs with Gastrointestinal Parasites. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091679. [PMID: 36139753 PMCID: PMC9495929 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the concentration of reactive oxidative metabolites, the antioxidant barrier, thiol groups of plasma compounds, and high-mobility group box 1 in shelter dogs naturally infected with helminths. In addition, the correlation between clinical signs and oxidative stress was investigated. Sixty-six (41 male and 25 female) adult mixed-breed dogs housed in a shelter with the diagnosis of gastrointestinal nematodes (i.e., Ancylostoma spp., Uncinaria stenocephala, Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, or Trichuris vulpis) were enrolled in Group 1 (G1) and twenty healthy adult dogs were included in Group 2 (G2), which served as the control. A clinical assessment was performed using a physician-based scoring system. Oxidative stress variables and high-mobility group box 1 were assessed and compared by the means of unpaired t-tests (p < 0.05). Spearman’s rank correlation was performed to calculate the correlation between oxidative stress variables, high-mobility group box 1, hematological parameters, and clinical signs. The results showed statistically significant values for reactive oxidative metabolites, thiol groups of plasma compounds, and high-mobility group box 1 in G1. Negative correlations between thiol groups and the number of red cells and hemoglobin were recorded. These preliminary results support the potential role of oxidative stress and HGMB-1 in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in dogs.
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Goggs R, Robbins SN, LaLonde‐Paul DM, Menard JM. Serial analysis of blood biomarker concentrations in dogs with pneumonia, septic peritonitis, and pyometra. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:549-564. [PMID: 35103342 PMCID: PMC8965213 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged antimicrobial drug (AMD) treatment is associated with antimicrobial resistance development. Biomarker measurement may aid treatment decision-making. OBJECTIVES Investigate temporal changes in blood biomarker concentrations in dogs undergoing treatment for pulmonary and intra-abdominal infections; compare time to biomarker concentration normalization with duration of clinician-directed AMD treatment. ANIMALS Forty-two client-owned dogs with pneumonia (n = 22), septic peritonitis (n = 10), or pyometra (n = 10). METHODS Plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, procalcitonin, nucleosomes, cell-free DNA (cfDNA), high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), CC-motif chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2), CXC-motif chemokine ligand-8 (CXCL8), and keratinocyte chemoattractant-like (KC-Like) were quantitated in samples collected on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 60. Treatment was directed by clinicians blinded to biomarker concentrations. RESULTS Concentrations of CCL2, CRP, and KC-Like were maximal on D1, concentrations of SAA, cfDNA, HMGB1, and nucleosomes were maximal on D3 and haptoglobin concentrations were maximal on D7. These maximal concentrations were significantly different from those on D60. Concentrations of CRP and SAA decreased by 80% from peak and into respective reference intervals before AMDs were discontinued. For CRP, the median (interquartile range [IQR]) times to 20% peak and normal were 7 (6-9) and 7 (6-12) days, respectively, and for SAA they were 4 (4, 5) and 6 (5-8) days, respectively, compared to a median (IQR) duration of AMD prescribing of 16 (12-23) days (all P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Biomarker concentrations normalized within 7 to 14 days. Serial measurements of CRP and SAA might aid identification of disease resolution and could help guide AMD prescription decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Goggs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Sarah N. Robbins
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Denise M. LaLonde‐Paul
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Julie M. Menard
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
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Lee JH, Song WJ, An JH, Chae HK, Park SM, Li Q, Youn HY. Role of serum high-motility group box-1 (HMGB1) concentration as a prognostic factor in canine acute pancreatitis: A pilot study. Res Vet Sci 2021; 141:26-32. [PMID: 34649188 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is an intranuclear molecule that is released extracellularly in cytotoxic conditions. In acute pancreatitis, extracellular HMGB1 acts as a stimulating factor in the mechanism associated with pancreatic injury. To evaluate the prognostic property of serum HMGB1 levels at the time of diagnosis of pancreatitis, the blood samples collected over 10 months from canine patients in Seoul National University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (n = 29). The HMGB1 levels were measured with ELISA kit and results were analyzed correlation with patient's death, hospitalization cost and period. HMGB1 levels in patients with acute pancreatitis (mean = 76 ng/mL, standard deviation [SD] = 46.99 ng/mL) were higher than that of normal individuals (mean = 31.65 ng/mL, SD = 18.41 ng/mL, p = 0.0082). Similarly, non-survivors demonstrated statistically significant difference than the survivors (p = 0.008). Clinical severity of acute pancreatitis was categorized into three stages: mild, moderate, and severe based on the disease activity index (DAI). The HMGB1 levels and mortality were associated with moderate DAI (p = 0.0236). However, the correlation between serum HMGB1 and patients' hospitalization period and cost were not found to be significant (R2 = 0.01991). The evaluation of serum HMGB1 level at the time of diagnosis was identified as a potential prognostic factor to estimate the prognosis of acute pancreatitis in canines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hwa Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Song
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun An
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyu Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Min Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, YanBian University, YanJi, JiLin 133000, China.
| | - Hwa-Young Youn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Li RHL, Hommel C, Nguyen N. Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Canine Platelets Upregulate High Mobility Group Box-1 via Toll-Like Receptor 4. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:674678. [PMID: 34235204 PMCID: PMC8255672 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.674678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) axis is a key mediator of inflammation. Platelet-derived high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) may also play a critical role in sepsis-mediated thrombosis resulting in complications like disseminated intravascular coagulation and multiple organ failure. While elevated levels of HMGB1 have been documented in humans and dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis, a better understanding of how platelet agonists and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mediate platelet HMGB1 expression would open doors to novel therapies for sepsis-mediated thrombosis. Herein, we sought to determine if canine platelets express HMGB1 in the presence or absence of LPS and agonists (ADP or thrombin) and if surface expression of HMGB1 is dependent on platelet TLR4. Canine platelets were unstimulated (resting) or activated with thrombin or adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in the presence or absence of Escherichia coli LPS prior to flow cytometric and western blot analyses for HMGB1 expression. We also treated canine platelets with or without TLR4 function blocking antibody or its isotype control. We discovered that while thrombin upregulated both surface and cellular HMGB1 expression, LPS-mediated activation in the presence of ADP priming led to upregulation of surface HMGB1 expression. This expression was found to be most prominent in platelets that had undergone alpha-granule secretion. Inhibition of TLR4 attenuated LPS-induced HMGB1 expression indicating that exteriorization of HMGB1 may be dependent on the non-genomic pathway of platelet TLR4. Our findings indicate that upregulation of platelet-derived HMGB1 occurs as a result of thrombin or TLR4-mediated activation in dogs. Future studies should explore the translational implication of platelet-derived HMGB1 as novel therapeutic targets in humans and dogs with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald H L Li
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Caelin Hommel
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Nghi Nguyen
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Pugliese M, Sfacteria A, Oliva G, Falcone A, Gizzarelli M, Passantino A. Clinical Significance of ROMs, OXY, SHp and HMGB-1 in Canine Leishmaniosis. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030754. [PMID: 33803468 PMCID: PMC7998487 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of oxidative stress parameters (ROMs, OXY, SHp), the Oxidative Stress index (OSi), and High Mobility Group Box-1 protein (HMGB-1) in canine leishmaniosis (CanL). For this study, thirty dogs, naturally infected with Leishmania spp. (Leishmania Group, LEISH) and ten healthy adult dogs (control group, CTR) were included. The diagnosis of CanL was performed by a cytological examination of lymph nodes, real time polymerase chain reaction on biological tissues (lymph nodes and whole blood), and an immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) for the detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies associated with clinical signs such as dermatitis, lymphadenopathy, onychogryphosis, weight loss, cachexia, lameness, conjunctivitis, epistaxis, and hepatosplenomegaly. The HMGB-1 and oxidative stress parameters of the LEISH Group were compared with the values recorded in the CTR group (Mann Whitney Test, p < 0.05). Spearman rank correlation was applied to evaluate the correlation between the HMGB-1, oxidative stress biomarkers, hematological and biochemical parameters in the LEISH Group. Results showed statistically significant higher values of SHp in the LEISH Group. Specific correlation between the ROMs and the number of red blood cells, and between HGMB-1 and SHp were recorded. These preliminary data may suggest the potential role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of CanL. Further studies are undoubtedly required to evaluate the direct correlation between inflammation parameters with the different stages of CanL. Similarly, further research should investigate the role of ROMs in the onset of anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pugliese
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.P.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessandra Sfacteria
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.P.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Gaetano Oliva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy;
| | - Annastella Falcone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.P.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Manuela Gizzarelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(081)-253-6091
| | - Annamaria Passantino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.P.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (A.P.)
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Koo Y, Kim H, Yun T, Jung DI, Kang JH, Chang D, Na KJ, Yang MP, Kang BT. Evaluation of serum high-mobility group box 1 concentration in dogs with epilepsy: A case-control study. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:2545-2554. [PMID: 33150666 PMCID: PMC7694863 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a key mediator of neuroinflammation and there are increased HMGB1 levels in laboratory animal models of epilepsy and human patients with epilepsy. OBJECTIVES To determine serum HMGB1 levels in dogs with epilepsy. ANIMALS Twenty-eight epileptic dogs, 12 dogs with nonepileptic brain diseases, and 26 healthy dogs. METHODS In this case-control study, serum HMGB1 concentrations were estimated using the canine-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Diagnosis of dogs with epilepsy was based on medical history, physical and neurological examination findings, laboratory test results, magnetic resonance image, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. RESULTS Serum HMGB1 levels were significantly higher in epileptic dogs (median = 0.41 ng/mL; range, 0.03-5.28) than in healthy dogs (median = 0.12 ng/mL; range, 0.02-1.45; P = .002). In contrast, serum HMGB1 levels of dogs with non-epileptic brain diseases (median = 0.19 ng/mL; range, 0.03-1.04) were not significantly increased compared to those of healthy dogs (P = .12). Regarding idiopathic epilepsy, dogs with an epilepsy course of >3 months showed a higher serum HMGB1 concentration (median = 0.87 ng/mL; range, 0.42-2.88) than those with that of ≤3 months (median = 0.26 ng/mL; range, 0.03-0.88; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Serum HMGB1 could be a biomarker of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhoi Koo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakhyun Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesik Yun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-In Jung
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Houn Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Chang
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jeong Na
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Mhan-Pyo Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Teck Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Goggs R, Letendre JA. Evaluation of the host cytokine response in dogs with sepsis and noninfectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2019; 29:593-603. [PMID: 31637812 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify plasma cytokine concentrations in dogs with sepsis and noninfectious systemic inflammation and to evaluate the association between plasma cytokines and outcome in dogs with sepsis. DESIGN Prospective, observational cohort study. SETTING University teaching hospital. ANIMALS Forty-five dogs with sepsis, 10 dogs with noninfectious systemic inflammation (nSIRS), and 15 healthy controls were consecutively enrolled from June 2015 to February 2016 and followed to hospital discharge. Dogs with sepsis satisfied ≥2 SIRS criteria and had a documented or highly suspected bacterial infection. Dogs with nSIRS satisfied ≥2 SIRS criteria but had no evidence of infection. Dogs <3 kg and those with documented coagulopathy were excluded. INTERVENTIONS Measurement of inflammatory cytokines and high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) was performed on each group. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS High-mobility group box-1 concentrations were analyzed by ELISA. Plasma concentrations of 13 cytokines were measured in singlet using multiplex magnetic bead assays. Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's multiple comparison tests were used to compare biomarker concentrations between groups. Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to compare biomarker concentrations between survivors and nonsurvivors. Associations between biomarkers were evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficients. Independent outcome predictors were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Alpha was set at 0.05. Concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, C-X-C motif chemokine (CXCL)-8, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC)-like, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and HMGB-1 were significantly greater in dogs with sepsis versus healthy controls (all P ≤ 0.034). In dogs with sepsis, only CCL2 was independently associated with survival (odds ratio [OR] 0.996, 95% CI 0.993-0.999, P = 0.004). A cut-off of 385 pg/mL for CCL2 was 80% sensitive and 91.4% specific for nonsurvival (area under the ROC curve [AUROC] 0.866). CONCLUSIONS Dogs with sepsis have significantly increased concentrations of HMGB-1 and inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, CXCL8, and KC-like. Increased CCL2 concentration is a negative prognostic indicator in dogs with sepsis. These findings should be confirmed using duplicate analyses in larger, distinct populations of dogs with sepsis before applying them to clinical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Goggs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jo-Annie Letendre
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York
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Martiny P, Goggs R. Biomarker Guided Diagnosis of Septic Peritonitis in Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:208. [PMID: 31316998 PMCID: PMC6610427 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Septic peritonitis (SP) is common in dogs and is associated with high mortality. Early recognition is essential to maximizing survival and may be aided by biomarker measurement. The present study aimed to evaluate the ability of biomarkers to discriminate septic peritonitis from non-septic ascites (NSA). Eighteen dogs with SP and 19 age-matched controls with NSA were enrolled. Contemporaneous blood and peritoneal effusion samples were obtained. Concentrations of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), cytokines, glucose, lactate, N-terminal pro-C-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proCNP), nucleosomes, and procalcitonin (PCT) were measured using commercial reagents and assays. Paired biomarker concentrations were compared with the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test, and biomarker concentrations between groups were compared with the Mann-Whitney U-test. P-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni correction. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to assess the ability of the above biomarkers to discriminate SP from NSA. Dogs with SP had significantly greater blood CCL2 concentrations than dogs with NSA (P = 0.032). Dogs with SP had significantly greater effusion CCL2, IL-6, IL-10, and lactate concentrations than dogs with NSA (P ≤ 0.0121). Blood-effusion concentration gradients of CCL2, glucose, IL-6, IL-10, and lactate were significantly different in dogs with SP compared to dogs with NSA (P ≤ 0.0165). Effusion lactate concentration had the highest AUROC value (0.866, 95% CI 0.751–0.980, P = 0.0001), although other biomarkers performed similarly. An effusion lactate concentration of 4.2 mmol/L was 72.2% (95% CI 46.5–90.3%) sensitive and 84.2% (95% CI 60.4–96.6%) specific for the diagnosis of SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Martiny
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Robert Goggs
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Gommeren K, Desmas I, Garcia A, Clercx C, Mc Entee K, Merveille AC, Peeters D. Cardiovascular biomarkers in dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2019; 29:256-263. [PMID: 31034737 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure plasma N-terminal fragments of pro-B-type natriuretic peptides (NT-proBNP) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) concentration in hospitalized dogs and relate these markers to underlying conditions and evaluate their potential as prognostic markers in dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). DESIGN Prospective, observational, clinical study. SETTING Emergency department of a university teaching hospital. ANIMALS Sixty-nine dogs with SIRS examined in the emergency department were prospectively studied. Patient age ranged from 5 months to 15 years, and weight ranged from 5.5 to 75 kg. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Blood samples were obtained at presentation, during hospitalization until discharge or death, and at a "control" visit (T1m) at least 1 month after hospital discharge. NT-proBNP was assayed with a commercially available canine ELISA, while cTnT was measured with an automated immunoassay previously used in dogs. A correlation procedure, mixed procedure on a linear model, and a logistic procedure were performed. Forty-four patients survived, 19 of which had control visits. cTnT concentrations were significantly higher than T0 and T1m at T12, T24, and T72. In 28 dogs, cTnT was detected during hospitalization, but cTnT was not detected in any dog at the control visits. Higher concentrations of cTnT were negatively associated with survival, irrespective of disease category. NT-proBNP concentrations were significantly higher than T0, T6, T12, and T1m at T24, T72, and T120, but were not associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS NT-proBNP and cTnT increased significantly in dogs with SIRS, regardless of the underlying disease process. Nonsurvivors displayed significantly higher cTnT concentrations during hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Gommeren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Desmas
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Garcia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cécile Clercx
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Mc Entee
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Physiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne-Christine Merveille
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dominique Peeters
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Yang H, Kim W, Bae J, Kim H, Kim S, Choi J, Park J, Jung DI, Koh H, Yu D. Effects of irradiation and leukoreduction on down-regulation of CXCL-8 and storage lesion in stored canine whole blood. J Vet Sci 2019; 20:72-78. [PMID: 30541183 PMCID: PMC6351766 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.1.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
White blood cells (WBCs) and storage period are the main factors of transfusion reactions. In the present study, cytokine/chemokine concentrations after leukoreduction (LR) and irradiation (IR) in stored canine whole blood were measured. Red blood cell storage lesion caused by IR and LR were also compared. Blood samples from 10 healthy Beagles were divided into four groups (no treatment, LR-, IR-, and LR + IR-treated). Leukocytes were removed by filtration in the LR group and gamma radiation (25 Gy) was applied in the IR group. Immunologic factors (WBCs, interleukin-6 [IL-6], C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 [CXCL-8], and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and storage lesion factors (blood pH, potassium, and hemolysis) were evaluated on storage days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Compared to the treated groups, IL-6 and CXCL-8 concentrations during storage were significantly higher in the control (no treatment) group. LR did not show changes in cytokine/chemokine concentrations, and storage lesion presence was relatively mild. IR significantly increased CXCL-8 after 14 days of storage, but IR of leukoreduced blood did not increase CXCL-8 during 28 days of storage. Storage lesions such as hemolysis, increased potassium, and low pH were observed 7 days after IR and storage of blood, regardless of LR. IR of leukoreduced blood is beneficial to avoid immune reactions; however, storage lesions should be considered upon storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayoung Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Woosun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Junwoo Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Sangki Kim
- College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
| | - Jihye Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jinho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Dong-In Jung
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - HongBum Koh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - DoHyeon Yu
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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Goggs R, Letendre JA. High Mobility Group Box-1 and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Are Increased in Dogs After Trauma but Do Not Predict Survival. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:179. [PMID: 30105229 PMCID: PMC6077187 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma is common in dogs and causes significant morbidity and mortality, but it remains challenging to predict the prognosis of dogs with traumatic injuries. This study aimed to quantify plasma high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) and cytokine concentrations in dogs with moderate-to-severe trauma, and to evaluate the association between these biomarkers and the injury severity and survival to discharge. Using a prospective, observational case-control study design, 49 dogs with an animal trauma triage (ATT) score ≥3 were consecutively enrolled from 07/2015 to 10/2017 and followed to hospital discharge. Dogs <3 kg and those with pre-existing coagulopathies were excluded. Thirty three healthy control dogs were also enrolled. Illness and injury severity scores including the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLE) were calculated using at-presentation data. Plasma HMGB-1 concentrations were measured by ELISA; concentrations of 13 cytokines were measured using multiplex bead-based assays and separately concentrations of 4 cytokines were measured using a multiplex canine-specific ELISA. All biomarkers were measured in duplicate. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare biomarker concentrations between groups and between survivors and non-survivors. Associations between biomarkers were evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficients. Independent predictors of survival were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Alpha was set at 0.05. Plasma concentrations of HMGB-1, interleukin-6, C-X-C motif chemokine-8, keratinocyte chemoattractant-like, and C-C chemokine ligand-2 were significantly greater in injured dogs vs. controls (all P ≤ 0.011). In univariate analyses, HMGB-1 was significantly greater in non-survivors 46.67 ng/mL (8.94-84.73) compared to survivors 6.03 ng/mL (3.30-15.75), (P = 0.003). Neither HMGB-1 or the cytokines were associated with survival independent of illness severity as measured by the APPLE score, however.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Goggs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Troia R, Giunti M, Calipa S, Goggs R. Cell-Free DNA, High-Mobility Group Box-1, and Procalcitonin Concentrations in Dogs With Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus Syndrome. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:67. [PMID: 29686994 PMCID: PMC5900424 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine gastric dilatation–volvulus (GDV) is a life-threatening disease characterized by extensive tissue ischemia, tissue hypoperfusion, and systemic inflammation. Biomarkers that better reflect the severity of gastric necrosis and systemic inflammation would aid clinicians in the management of these patients. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), and procalcitonin (PCT) in dogs with GDV. Concentrations of cfDNA, HMGB1, and PCT were measured in citrated plasma samples collected from 29 dogs with GDV at hospital admission. Additional data collected included baseline lactate concentrations, APPLEfast score, evidence of gastric necrosis, occurrence of postoperative complications, and outcome. Twenty-four healthy dogs were sampled as controls. Continuous variables between groups were compared with the Mann–Whitney U and correlations between continuous variables were assessed by calculation of Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Alpha was set at 0.05. Dogs with GDV had significantly greater concentrations of cfDNA, HMGB1, and PCT compared to controls (P = 0.0009, P = 0.004, and P = 0.009, respectively). PCT concentrations were significantly higher in non-survivors compared to survivors (P = 0.008). Dogs with gastric necrosis had significantly greater lactate concentrations compared to dogs without gastric necrosis (P = 0.0005). The APPLEfast score was not prognostic. Lactate and PCT concentrations were moderately, positively correlated (rs 0.51, P = 0.0005). Concentrations of the inflammatory biomarkers cfDNA, HMGB1, and PCT are increased in canine GDV. Only lactate and PCT concentrations were prognostic in this population of GDV dogs and were predictive of the presence of gastric necrosis and of non-survival to hospital discharge, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Troia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Giunti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Calipa
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Robert Goggs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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13
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Gommeren K, Desmas I, Garcia A, Bauer N, Moritz A, Roth J, Peeters D. Inflammatory cytokine and C-reactive protein concentrations in dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2017; 28:9-19. [PMID: 29236338 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) kinetics in dogs with a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) presented to an emergency service. We hypothesized serum CRP concentrations would increase and vary during hospitalization, and would correlate with plasma IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations, vary in magnitude according to the underlying disease, and predict survival. DESIGN Prospective, observational, clinical study. SETTING University emergency department. ANIMALS Sixty-nine dogs with SIRS weighing over 5 kg who could tolerate the blood sampling. INTERVENTIONS Serum and plasma were collected (and stored at -80°C) at presentation (T0), after 6 (T6), 12 (T12), 24 (T24), and 72 (T72) hours, and at a follow-up visit at least 1 month after discharge (T1m). Underlying diseases were categorized as infection (I), neoplasia (N), trauma (T), gastric-dilation and volvulus (GDV), other gastrointestinal (GI), renal (R), and miscellaneous (M) disease. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Serum CRP concentration was measured using a canine-specific immunoturbidimetric assay. Biologically active plasma IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations were assessed using bioassays. Forty-four dogs survived, 8 died, and 17 were euthanized. Nineteen dogs had follow-up visits. At T0, serum CRP concentration was above the reference interval in 73.1% (49/67), and was within the reference interval (0-141.9 nmol/L) throughout hospitalization in only 6% (4/67). Serum CRP concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) at T0 (882.9 ± 1082.9 nmol/L) and at all time points during hospitalization (P < 0.0001) compared to T1m, with highest concentrations observed at T24 (906. 7 ± 859.0 nmol/L). At T1m, serum CRP concentrations were within the reference interval (22.9 ± 42.9 nmol/L) in 95% (18/19) of dogs. Logarithmic concentrations of serum CRP and plasma IL-6 were significantly correlated (P < 0.001, r = 0.479). None of the measured cytokines were associated with disease category or outcome. CONCLUSIONS Serum CRP concentration is increased in dogs with SIRS, and decreases during treatment and hospitalization. Serum CRP, plasma IL-6, and plasma TNF-α concentrations cannot predict outcome in dogs with SIRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Gommeren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Desmas
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Garcia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Natalie Bauer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology, and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology, and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joachim Roth
- Institute for Veterinary Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dominique Peeters
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Heilmann RM, Grützner N, Thames BE, Steiner JM, Barr JW. Serum alpha 1 -proteinase inhibitor concentrations in dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2017; 27:674-683. [PMID: 29068553 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the concentration of serum canine alpha1 -proteinase inhibitor (cα1 -PI) has diagnostic or prognostic utility in dogs with sepsis or noninfectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). DESIGN Prospective, observational study from May to December 2010. SETTING University teaching hospital ICU. ANIMALS Sixty-nine client-owned dogs: 19 dogs with SIRS or sepsis and 50 healthy control dogs. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Serum and plasma samples were collected from dogs with SIRS or sepsis on the day of hospital admission and once on the following 2 days, and on a single day in healthy controls. Patients were assessed using the 10-parameter Acute Patient Physiologic and Laboratory Evaluation (APPLEfull ) and 5-parameter (APPLEfast ) score. Serum cα1 -PI concentrations were measured, compared among groups of dogs, and evaluated for a correlation with the concentration of serum C-reactive protein, plasma interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, the APPLE scores, and survival to discharge. Serum cα1 -PI concentrations were significantly lower in dogs with SIRS/sepsis (P < 0.001) than in healthy controls. While day 1 serum cα1 -PI concentrations did not differ between dogs with SIRS and those with sepsis (P = 0.592), septic dogs had significantly lower serum cα1 -PI concentrations on days 2 (P = 0.017) and 3 (P = 0.036) than dogs with SIRS. Serum cα1 -PI concentrations did not differ between survivors and nonsurvivors (P = 1.000), but were inversely correlated with the APPLEfull score (ρ = -0.48; P = 0.040) and plasma interleukin-6 concentrations (ρ = -0.50; P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a role of cα1 -PI as a negative acute phase protein in dogs. The concentration of serum cα1 -PI at the time of hospital admission does not have utility to identify dogs with sepsis from those with noninfectious SIRS, but may be a useful surrogate marker for early stratification of illness severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy M Heilmann
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College Station, TX.,the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College Station, TX
| | - Niels Grützner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College Station, TX.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,the Farm Animal Clinic, Vetsuisse Faculty Berne, University of Berne, Bremgartenstrasse, Switzerland
| | - Brittany E Thames
- the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College Station, TX.,the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - Jörg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College Station, TX.,the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College Station, TX
| | - James W Barr
- the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College Station, TX
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Kuleš J, Gotić J, Mrljak V, Barić Rafaj R. Blood markers of fibrinolysis and endothelial activation in canine babesiosis. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:82. [PMID: 28363279 PMCID: PMC5376283 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-0995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by hemoprotozoan parasites of the genus Babesia. The disease can be clinically classified into uncomplicated and complicated forms. The aim of this study was to assess the level of endothelial activation and alterations in the fibrinolytic pathway during canine babesiosis. Results Blood samples were collected on the day of admission and on the 6th day after treatment with imidocarb propionate, from 30 dogs of various breeds and of both sexes with naturally occurring babesiosis caused by B. canis. In this prospective study, plasminogen activity was assessed using a chromogenic assay, and concentrations of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1), intercellular adhesive molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular adhesive molecule-1 (VCAM-1), soluble urokinase receptor of plasminogen activator (suPAR), thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), soluble thrombomodulin (TM) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were determined using a canine specific ELISA. Concentrations of TM, HMGB-1, VCAM-1 and suPAR were increased in dogs with babesiosis at admission compared to healthy dogs. After treatment, concentrations of TM were lower in infected dogs compared to healthy dogs. Dogs with babesiosis also had increased concentrations of TM, ICAM-1 and HMGB-1 and decreased plasminogen and PAI-1 at presentation compared to day 6 after treatment. Dogs with complicated babesiosis had higher concentrations of TM, HMGB1 and TAFI at admission compared to the 6th day. Conclusions Biomarkers of endothelial activation and fibrinolysis were altered in dogs with babesiosis. Further studies into their usefulness as biomarkers of disease severity or prognosis is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josipa Kuleš
- ERA Chair team VetMedZg, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Gotić
- Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Mrljak
- Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Renata Barić Rafaj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
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16
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Krentz T, Allen S. Bacterial translocation in critical illness. J Small Anim Pract 2017; 58:191-198. [PMID: 28186322 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial translocation involves the passage of intestinal bacteria to extraintestinal sites and has been shown to increase morbidity and mortality in critical illness. This review outlines the pathophysiology of bacterial translocation, host defence mechanisms, and reviews the evidence for the clinical management of critically ill patients in order to minimise the negative outcomes associated with bacterial translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Krentz
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Massachusetts Veterinary Referral Hospital, Woburn, MA, 01801, USA
| | - S Allen
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Massachusetts Veterinary Referral Hospital, Woburn, MA, 01801, USA
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Friedenberg SG, Strange HR, Guillaumin J, VanGundy ZC, Crouser ED, Papenfuss TL. Effect of disrupted mitochondria as a source of damage-associated molecular patterns on the production of tumor necrosis factor α by splenocytes from dogs. Am J Vet Res 2017; 77:604-12. [PMID: 27227498 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.77.6.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) derived from disrupted mitochondria on canine splenocytes and other immune cells. SAMPLES Liver, spleen, and bone marrow samples obtained from 8 cadavers of healthy research Beagles that had been euthanized for other purposes. PROCEDURES Mitochondria were obtained from canine hepatocytes, and mitochondrial DAMPs (containing approx 75% mitochondrial proteins) were prepared. Mitochondrial DAMPs and the nuclear cytokine high-mobility group box protein 1 were applied to splenocytes, bone marrow-differentiated dendritic cells, and a canine myelomonocytic cell (DH82) line for 6 or 24 hours. Cell culture supernatants from splenocytes, dendritic cells, and DH82 cells were assayed for tumor necrosis factor α with an ELISA. Expression of tumor necrosis factor α mRNA in splenocytes was evaluated with a quantitative real-time PCR assay. RESULTS In all cell populations evaluated, production of tumor necrosis factor α was consistently increased by mitochondrial DAMPs at 6 hours (as measured by an ELISA). In contrast, high-mobility group box protein 1 did not have any independent proinflammatory effects in this experimental system. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The study revealed an in vitro inflammatory effect of mitochondrial DAMPs (containing approx 75% mitochondrial proteins) in canine cells and validated the use of an in vitro splenocyte model to assess DAMP-induced inflammation in dogs. This experimental system may aid in understanding the contribution of DAMPs to sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in humans. Further studies in dogs are needed to validate the biological importance of these findings and to evaluate the in vivo role of mitochondrial DAMPs in triggering and perpetuating systemic inflammatory states.
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Barić Rafaj R, Kuleš J, Marinculić A, Tvarijonaviciute A, Ceron J, Mihaljević Ž, Tumpa A, Mrljak V. Plasma markers of inflammation and hemostatic and endothelial activity in naturally overweight and obese dogs. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:13. [PMID: 28061787 PMCID: PMC5219720 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is one of the most prevalent health problems in the canine population. While haemostatic parameters and markers of endothelial function have been evaluated in various disease conditions in dogs, there are no studies of these markers in canine obesity. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of naturally gained weight excess and obesity on inflammatory, hemostatic and endothelial biomarkers in dogs. A total of 37 overweight and obese dogs were compared with 28 normal weight dogs. RESULTS Overweight and obese dogs had significantly elevated concentrations of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Number of platelets, activity of factor X and factor VII were significantly higher, while activated partial thromboplastine time (aPTT) and soluble plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) were significantly decreased. Statistical analysis of high mobility group box - 1 protein (HMGB-1), soluble intercellular adhesive molecule -1 (sICAM-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) concentrations did not show significant differences between the total overweight and obese group and the normal weight group of dogs. CONCLUSIONS Analytical changes in the dogs in our study reflects that weight excess in dogs can be associated with a chronic low degree of inflammation and a hypercoagulable state, where primary and secondary hemostasis are both affected. However obesity is not associated with impairment of endothelial function in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Barić Rafaj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J. Kuleš
- ERA Chair team VetMedZg, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A. Marinculić
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A. Tvarijonaviciute
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100 Espinardo Spain
| | - J. Ceron
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100 Espinardo Spain
| | - Ž. Mihaljević
- Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A. Tumpa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - V. Mrljak
- Clinic for Internal Dieaases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Smith KF, Quinn RL, Rahilly LJ. Biomarkers for differentiation of causes of respiratory distress in dogs and cats: Part 2--Lower airway, thromboembolic, and inflammatory diseases. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2016; 25:330-48. [PMID: 26040815 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the current veterinary and relevant human literature regarding biomarkers of respiratory diseases leading to dyspnea and to summarize the availability, feasibility, and practicality of using respiratory biomarkers in the veterinary setting. DATA SOURCES Veterinary and human medical literature: original research articles, scientific reviews, consensus statements, and recent textbooks. HUMAN DATA SYNTHESIS Numerous biomarkers have been evaluated in people for discriminating respiratory disease processes with varying degrees of success. VETERINARY DATA SYNTHESIS Although biomarkers should not dictate clinical decisions in lieu of gold standard diagnostics, their use may be useful in directing care in the stabilization process. Serum immunoglobulins have shown promise as an indicator of asthma in cats. A group of biomarkers has also been evaluated in exhaled breath. Of these, hydrogen peroxide has shown the most potential as a marker of inflammation in asthma and potentially aspiration pneumonia, but methods for measurement are not standardized. D-dimers may be useful in screening for thromboembolic disease in dogs. There are a variety of markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, which are being evaluated for their ability to assess the severity and type of underlying disease process. Of these, amino terminal pro-C-type natriuretic peptide may be the most useful in determining if antibiotic therapy is warranted. Although critically evaluated for their use in respiratory disorders, many of the biomarkers which have been evaluated have been found to be affected by more than one type of respiratory or systemic disease. CONCLUSION At this time, there are point-of-care biomarkers that have been shown to reliably differentiate between causes of dyspnea in dogs and cats. Future clinical research is warranted to understand of how various diseases affect the biomarkers and more bedside tests for their utilization.
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Weber DJ, Allette YM, Wilkes DS, White FA. The HMGB1-RAGE Inflammatory Pathway: Implications for Brain Injury-Induced Pulmonary Dysfunction. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:1316-28. [PMID: 25751601 PMCID: PMC4685484 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Deceased patients who have suffered severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) are the largest source of organs for lung transplantation. However, due to severely compromised pulmonary lung function, only one-third of these patients are eligible organ donors, with far fewer capable of donating lungs (∼ 20%). As a result of this organ scarcity, understanding and controlling the pulmonary pathophysiology of potential donors are key to improving the health and long-term success of transplanted lungs. RECENT ADVANCES Although the exact mechanism by which TBI produces pulmonary pathophysiology remains unclear, it may be related to the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from the injured tissue. These heterogeneous, endogenous host molecules can be rapidly released from damaged or dying cells and mediate sterile inflammation following trauma. In this review, we highlight the interaction of the DAMP, high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) with the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). CRITICAL ISSUES Recently published studies are reviewed, implicating the release of HMGB1 as producing marked changes in pulmonary inflammation and physiology following trauma, followed by an overview of the experimental evidence demonstrating the benefits of blocking the HMGB1-RAGE axis. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Targeting the HMGB1 signaling axis may increase the number of lungs available for transplantation and improve long-term benefits for organ recipient patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Weber
- 1 Center for Immunobiology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.,2 Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yohance M Allette
- 3 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - David S Wilkes
- 1 Center for Immunobiology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.,4 Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Fletcher A White
- 1 Center for Immunobiology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.,5 Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
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Song R, Yu D, Yoon J, Park J. Valproic acid attenuates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines lipopolysaccharide-treated canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (in vitro) and in a canine endotoxemia model (in vivo). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 166:132-7. [PMID: 26160312 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA), a known histone deacetylase inhibitor, has been used as an anticonvulsant in dogs. VPA also has anti-inflammatory properties, but there are no reports on the immunomodulatory effects of VPA in canine endotoxemia. In the present study, we demonstrate that the use of VPA significantly reduces the production of early-phase pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation both in vitro and in vivo. For the in vitro study, VPA was evaluated for 24h on LPS (100 ng/ml)-treated canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) which isolated from 5 healthy Beagle dogs. VPA significantly decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05 for IL-6; p<0.01 for TNF-α). Fourteen adult Beagles were studied for in vivo study; nine dogs received a low dose of LPS (10 μg/kg/h) via continuous IV infusion for 12h to induce endotoxemia whereas 5 dogs received normal saline as controls. Four out of 9 endotoxemic dogs were administered VPA (50mg/kg, IV) at 1h and 12h along with the LPS infusion. Three hours after the first administration of VPA, IL-6 mRNA expressions in PBMCs significantly decreased (p=0.033 vs. LPS group). VPA also significantly decreased the circulating TNF-α (p=0.044 vs. LPS group at 3h) and IL-6 protein at 3h (p=0.034 vs. LPS group) and 6h (p=0.026 vs. LPS group) post-treatment. Our study suggests that VPA attenuates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a canine endotoxemia model in vitro and in vivo. We speculate that valproic acid may be useful for reducing inflammatory cytokine levels in dogs with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhui Song
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyeon Yu
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiseon Yoon
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Park
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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Uhrikova I, Rauserova-Lexmaulova L, Rehakova K, Scheer P, Doubek J. C-reactive protein and high mobility group box 1 in dogs with gastric dilatation and volvulus. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2015; 25:488-94. [PMID: 26088834 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To (1) measure C-reactive protein (CRP) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and (2) evaluate their prognostic value and relationship to severity of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, routine hematological and acid-base parameters in dogs with gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV). DESIGN Prospective observational study from September 2010 to June 2012. SETTING Veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS Forty-one client-owned dogs with GDV. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Blood was collected before surgery (baseline), postsurgery, 6-10 hours postsurgery, and 18-22 hours postsurgery. CRP and HMGB1 were measured in all samples, and routine hematological, biochemical, and acid-base analyses were performed. Only baseline and postsurgery samples were used from nonsurvivors (n = 10). CRP increased significantly from postsurgery sampling to 18-22 hours postsurgery, while HMGB1 did not change over time. There was a significant difference in HMGB1 between survivors and nonsurvivors over time. Both proteins correlated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome severity, total leukocyte, segmented neutrophils, and band counts. HMGB1 correlated also with acid-base parameters (pH, bicarbonate, base excess). CONCLUSION HMGB1 and CRP behaved differently in regards to their kinetic patterns, with HMGB1 appearing to better reflect the severity of tissue injury in dogs with GDV than CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristina Rehakova
- Small Animal Clinical Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Scheer
- Department of Physiology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Integrated Center of Cellular Therapy (ICCT), St. Annes´s University Hospital - International Clinical Research Center Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Doubek
- Department of Physiology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Small Animal Clinical Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Circulating HMGB1 and RAGE as Clinical Biomarkers in Malignant and Autoimmune Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2015; 5:219-53. [PMID: 26854151 PMCID: PMC4665591 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics5020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High molecular group box 1 (HMGB1) is a highly conserved member of the HMG-box-family; abundantly expressed in almost all human cells and released in apoptosis; necrosis or by activated immune cells. Once in the extracellular space, HMGB1 can act as a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP), thus stimulating or inhibiting certain functions of the immune system; depending on the “combinatorial cocktail” of the surrounding milieu. HMGB1 exerts its various functions through binding to a multitude of membrane-bound receptors such as TLR-2; -4 and -9; IL-1 and RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products); partly complex-bound with intracellular fragments like nucleosomes. Soluble RAGE in the extracellular space, however, acts as a decoy receptor by binding to HMGB1 and inhibiting its effects. This review aims to outline today’s knowledge of structure, intra- and extracellular functions including mechanisms of release and finally the clinical relevance of HMGB1 and RAGE as clinical biomarkers in therapy monitoring, prediction and prognosis of malignant and autoimmune disease.
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24
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Peterson NW, Buote NJ, Barr JW. The impact of surgical timing and intervention on outcome in traumatized dogs and cats. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2015; 25:63-75. [PMID: 25605629 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the relevant human and veterinary literature regarding the timing of surgical intervention for trauma patients and the impact on outcome. DATA SOURCES Original research, clinical studies, and review articles with no date restrictions from both human and veterinary literature. HUMAN DATA SYNTHESIS Despite extensive research into the ideal timing of surgical intervention for human trauma victims, debate is ongoing and views are still evolving. Prior to the 1970s, the standard of care consisted of delayed surgical treatment, as these patients were considered too ill to undergo surgery. Beginning in the 1970s, and continuing for nearly 2 decades, early definitive surgical treatment was recommended. The most recent evolution of human trauma management incorporates the concept of damage control surgery, which acknowledges the importance of early skeletal stabilization or laparotomy for reducing morbidity while attempting to avoid complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. VETERINARY DATA SYNTHESIS Despite a relatively large amount of literature available regarding veterinary trauma, no evidence exists to provide the clinician guidance as to the ideal timing of surgery for trauma patients. With the exception of diaphragmatic hernia, no studies were identified that attempted to evaluate this variable. CONCLUSIONS Veterinary-specific studies are needed to evaluate the impact of surgical timing on outcome following trauma. The information that can be obtained from studies in this area can improve veterinary trauma care and may be used as models for human trauma care through translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W Peterson
- Departments of Critical Care, VCA West Los Angeles Animal Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, 90025
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25
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Karlsson I, Wernersson S, Ambrosen A, Kindahl H, Södersten F, Wang L, Hagman R. Increased concentrations of C-reactive protein but not high-mobility group box 1 in dogs with naturally occurring sepsis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 156:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Lewis DH, Chan DL, Pinheiro D, Armitage-Chan E, Garden OA. The immunopathology of sepsis: pathogen recognition, systemic inflammation, the compensatory anti-inflammatory response, and regulatory T cells. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:457-82. [PMID: 22428780 PMCID: PMC7166777 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00905.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, the systemic inflammatory response to infection, represents the major cause of death in critically ill veterinary patients. Whereas important advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of this syndrome have been made, much remains to be elucidated. There is general agreement on the key interaction between pathogen‐associated molecular patterns and cells of the innate immune system, and the amplification of the host response generated by pro‐inflammatory cytokines. More recently, the concept of immunoparalysis in sepsis has also been advanced, together with an increasing recognition of the interplay between regulatory T cells and the innate immune response. However, the heterogeneous nature of this syndrome and the difficulty of modeling it in vitro or in vivo has both frustrated the advancement of new therapies and emphasized the continuing importance of patient‐based clinical research in this area of human and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Lewis
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield Campus, Hertfordshire, UK
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27
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DeClue A, Sharp C, Harmon M. Plasma Inflammatory Mediator Concentrations at ICU Admission in Dogs with Naturally Developing Sepsis. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:624-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00895.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A.E. DeClue
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Missouri; Columbia; MO
| | - C.R. Sharp
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Missouri; Columbia; MO
| | - M. Harmon
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Missouri; Columbia; MO
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28
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Yu DH, Kim B, Park J. Pathophysiologic and immunologic changes in a canine endotoxemia over a period of 24 hours. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 74:537-44. [PMID: 22146337 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the pathophysiologic and immunologic parameters from a 24-hr of canine endotoxemia model by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion were evaluated. For that, twelve healthy beagles received a continuous 24-hr IV infusion of low dose LPS (10 µg/kg/h, from Escherichia coli serotype O111:B4) dissolved in saline. Complete blood counts and serum biochemical analysis as well as histopathologic examination were performed to assess pathophysiologic changes such as neutrophil migration and organ injury. To evaluate immunologic parameters, the concentrations of plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 were determined, and neutrophil activation was also evaluated based on cell surface expression of CD11b using flow cytometry analysis. As results, systemic signs of endotoxemia including fever, vomiting, and hemorrhagic diarrhea were observed within short time after LPS infusion. Severe leukopenia and increased fluorescent intensity of CD11b on neutrophils were observed at 3 hr while percent positive of CD11b was the maximum at 12 hr during the experiment. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) concentrations increased markedly, and organ damage was confirmed on histopathologic examination. Plasma TNF-α peaked at 3 hr and decreased rapidly, while the concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 increased gradually until 6 hr and decreased thereafter. Using this canine endotoxemia model, we were able to determine the kinetics of pathophysiologic and immunologic parameters over a period of 24 hr. This study will enhance our understanding of their mechanisms underlying canine sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hyeon Yu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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29
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Tang CW, Feng WM, Du HM, Bao Y, Zhu M. Delayed administration of D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin, a delta-opioid receptor agonist, improves survival in a rat model of sepsis. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2011; 224:69-76. [PMID: 21551984 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.224.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is the major cause of death in intensive care units, despite enormous efforts in the development of antimicrobial therapies. Sepsis is mediated by early [e.g., tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β] and late [e.g., high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1)] proinflammatory cytokines. HMGB1, which is secreted into extracellular milieu by activated macrophages or passively released by destroyed macrophages, stimulates intensive inflammatory responses. D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (DADLE), a synthetic δ-opioid receptor agonist, has been shown to protect rats from sepsis. Here we elucidated the mechanism for protective effect of DADLE against sepsis. Sepsis was established in Sprague-Dawley rats by means of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). In this model, the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were increased after 2-3 h, while those of HMGB1 were increased after 18 h. Administration of DADLE (5 mg/kg) concurrently with CLP improved survival, which was associated with the decreases in the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and HMGB1. Importantly, DADLE administrated 4 h after CLP showed comparable protective effect as the concurrent administration, with decreased serum HMGB1 levels. Moreover, peritoneal macrophages isolated from rats were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Concurrent or delayed DADLE administration at 10(-6) M suppressed the LPS-induced cell death. DADLE also suppressed the release of HMGB1 from macrophages that was induced by LPS, TNF-α or interferon-γ. In conclusion, DADLE protects rats from sepsis probably by decreasing the serum level of HMGB1. We propose DADLE as a candidate for septic shock therapy, even if it is administered after the onset of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wu Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Molecular Surgery, First People's Hospital affiliated to Huzhou University Medical College, PR China
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30
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Ishida A, Ohno K, Fukushima K, Nakashima K, Takahashi M, Goto-Koshino Y, Fujino Y, Tsujimoto H. Plasma high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in dogs with various diseases: comparison with C-reactive protein. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 73:1127-32. [PMID: 21558736 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a nonhistone chromosomal protein, has recently been suggested as a late mediator of the inflammatory cascade. Blood HMGB1 levels are increased in a number of human diseases, and HMGB1 has been suggested to be a useful marker for disease severity and prognosis. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical usefulness of HMGB1 in dogs. Plasma HMGB1 levels, as well as C-reactive protein (CRP), a typical canine inflammatory marker, were measured in dogs with various diseases, especially systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and dogs that had undergone surgery. HMGB1 gradually increased and attained a maximum level 72 hr after surgery, whereas CRP increased rapidly, peaking at 24 hr. Although both HMGB1 and CRP levels were significantly increased in dogs with various diseases compared with the control dogs, no correlation was found between the HMGB1 and CRP values. HMGB1 levels in the SIRS group were significantly elevated compared with those in the non-SIRS group. However, the increase in HMGB1 levels above the reference range was not indicative of SIRS. Instead, the presence of increased HMGB1 and CRP levels above the reference ranges significantly affects the poor outcome of SIRS. The present study indicates that HMGB1 is a novel canine inflammatory marker and is distinct from CRP. However, the additional clinical value of HMGB1 measurement remains unclear, and further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Ishida
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1–1–1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
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31
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MIYASHO T, NAKAMURA K, NOMURA S, KAWASAKO K, NAKADE T, YAMADA S, YOKOTA H. High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) Protein is Present in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Dogs with Encephalitis. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 73:917-22. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Taku MIYASHO
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Kozo NAKAMURA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Sachiko NOMURA
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Kazufumi KAWASAKO
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Tetsuya NAKADE
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | | | - Hiroshi YOKOTA
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
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