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Lysophospholipids in Lung Inflammatory Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1303:373-391. [PMID: 33788203 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The lysophospholipids (LPLs) belong to a group of bioactive lipids that play pivotal roles in several physiological and pathological processes. LPLs are derivatives of phospholipids and consist of a single hydrophobic fatty acid chain, a hydrophilic head, and a phosphate group with or without a large molecule attached. Among the LPLs, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are the simplest, and have been shown to be involved in lung inflammatory symptoms and diseases such as acute lung injury, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate LPA and S1P signaling. In this chapter, we will discuss on the role of LPA, S1P, their metabolizing enzymes, inhibitors or agonists of their receptors, and their GPCR-mediated signaling in lung inflammatory symptoms and diseases, focusing specially on acute respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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2
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Wepler M, Preuss JM, Merz T, Hartmann C, Wachter U, McCook O, Vogt J, Kress S, Gröger M, Fink M, Scheuerle A, Möller P, Calzia E, Burret U, Radermacher P, Tuckermann JP, Vettorazzi S. Impaired Glucocorticoid Receptor Dimerization Aggravates LPS-Induced Circulatory and Pulmonary Dysfunction. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3152. [PMID: 32038649 PMCID: PMC6990631 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sepsis, that can be modeled by LPS injections, as an acute systemic inflammation syndrome is the most common cause for acute lung injury (ALI). ALI induces acute respiratory failure leading to hypoxemia, which is often associated with multiple organ failure (MOF). During systemic inflammation, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) is activated and anti-inflammatory acting glucocorticoids (GCs) are released to overcome the inflammation. GCs activate the GC receptor (GR), which mediates its effects via a GR monomer or GR dimer. The detailed molecular mechanism of the GR in different inflammatory models and target genes that might be crucial for resolving inflammation is not completely identified. We previously observed that mice with attenuated GR dimerization (GRdim/dim) had a higher mortality in a non-resuscitated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced inflammation model and are refractory to exogenous GCs to ameliorate ALI during inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that impaired murine GR dimerization (GRdim/dim) would further impair organ function in LPS-induced systemic inflammation under human like intensive care management and investigated genes that are crucial for lung function in this setup. Methods: Anesthetized GRdim/dim and wildtype (GR+/+) mice were challenged with LPS (10 mg·kg−1, intraperitoneal) and underwent intensive care management (“lung-protective” mechanical ventilation, crystalloids, and norepinephrine) for 6 h. Lung mechanics and gas exchange were assessed together with systemic hemodynamics, acid-base status, and mitochondrial oxygen consumption (JO2). Western blots, immunohistochemistry, and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to analyze lung tissue and inflammatory mediators were analyzed in plasma and lung tissue. Results: When animals were challenged with LPS and subsequently resuscitated under intensive care treatment, GRdim/dim mice had a higher mortality compared to GR+/+ mice, induced by an increased need of norepinephrine to achieve hemodynamic targets. After challenge with LPS, GRdim/dim mice also displayed an aggravated ALI shown by a more pronounced impairment of gas exchange, lung mechanics and increased osteopontin (Opn) expression in lung tissue. Conclusion: Impairment of GR dimerization aggravates systemic hypotension and impairs lung function during LPS-induced endotoxic shock in mice. We demonstrate that the GR dimer is an important mediator of hemodynamic stability and lung function, possibly through regulation of Opn, during LPS-induced systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wepler
- Institute for Anesthesiologic Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Preuss
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tamara Merz
- Institute for Anesthesiologic Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Clair Hartmann
- Institute for Anesthesiologic Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wachter
- Institute for Anesthesiologic Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oscar McCook
- Institute for Anesthesiologic Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Josef Vogt
- Institute for Anesthesiologic Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sandra Kress
- Institute for Anesthesiologic Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Gröger
- Institute for Anesthesiologic Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marina Fink
- Institute for Anesthesiologic Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Peter Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Enrico Calzia
- Institute for Anesthesiologic Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ute Burret
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute for Anesthesiologic Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan P Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sabine Vettorazzi
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Daubeuf F, Becker J, Aguilar-Pimentel JA, Ebel C, Hrabě de Angelis M, Hérault Y, Frossard N. A Fast, Easy, and Customizable Eight-Color Flow Cytometric Method for Analysis of the Cellular Content of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in the Mouse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [PMID: 28628216 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The cell composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) is an important indicator of airway inflammation. It is commonly determined by cytocentrifuging leukocytes on slides, then staining, identifying, and counting them as eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, or lymphocytes according to morphological criteria under light microscopy, where it is not always easy to distinguish macrophages from lymphocytes. We describe here a one-step, easy-to-use, and easy-to-customize 8-color flow cytometric method for performing differential cell count and comparing it to morphological counts on stained cytospins. This method identifies BAL cells by a simultaneous one-step immunolabeling procedure using antibodies to identify T cells, B cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages. Morphological analysis of flow-sorted cell subsets is used to validate this protocol. An important advantage of this basic flow cytometry protocol is the ability to customize it by the addition of antibodies to study receptor expression at leukocyte cell surfaces and identify subclasses of inflammatory cells as needed. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Daubeuf
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7200, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Julien Becker
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Juan Antonio Aguilar-Pimentel
- German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München - Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudine Ebel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München - Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yann Hérault
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Nelly Frossard
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7200, Illkirch Cedex, France
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Van Hoecke L, Job ER, Saelens X, Roose K. Bronchoalveolar Lavage of Murine Lungs to Analyze Inflammatory Cell Infiltration. J Vis Exp 2017:55398. [PMID: 28518083 PMCID: PMC5607888 DOI: 10.3791/55398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) is an experimental procedure that is used to examine the cellular and acellular content of the lung lumen ex vivo to gain insight into an ongoing disease state. Here, a simple and efficient method is described to perform BAL on murine lungs without the need of special tools or equipment. BAL fluid is isolated by inserting a catheter in the trachea of terminally anesthetized mice, through which a saline solution is instilled into the bronchioles. The instilled fluid is gently retracted to maximize BAL fluid retrieval and to minimize shearing forces. This technique allows the viability, function, and structure of cells within the airways and BAL fluid to be preserved. Numerous techniques may be applied to gain further understanding of the disease state of the lung. Here, a commonly used technique for the identification and enumeration of different types of immune cells is described, where flow cytometry is combined with a select panel of fluorescently labeled cell surface-specific markers. The BAL procedure presented here can also be used to analyze infectious agents, fluid constituents, or inhaled particles within murine lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Van Hoecke
- UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University (UGent);
| | - Emma Richelle Job
- UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University (UGent)
| | - Xavier Saelens
- UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University (UGent)
| | - Kenny Roose
- UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University (UGent)
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5
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Park SJ, Im DS. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Modulators and Drug Discovery. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:80-90. [PMID: 28035084 PMCID: PMC5207465 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Initial discovery on sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) as an intracellular second messenger was faced unexpectedly with roles of S1P as a first messenger, which subsequently resulted in cloning of its G protein-coupled receptors, S1P1–5. The molecular identification of S1P receptors opened up a new avenue for pathophysiological research on this lipid mediator. Cellular and molecular in vitro studies and in vivo studies on gene deficient mice have elucidated cellular signaling pathways and the pathophysiological meanings of S1P receptors. Another unexpected finding that fingolimod (FTY720) modulates S1P receptors accelerated drug discovery in this field. Fingolimod was approved as a first-in-class, orally active drug for relapsing multiple sclerosis in 2010, and its applications in other disease conditions are currently under clinical trials. In addition, more selective S1P receptor modulators with better pharmacokinetic profiles and fewer side effects are under development. Some of them are being clinically tested in the contexts of multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, such as, psoriasis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, liver failure, renal failure, acute stroke, and transplant rejection. In this review, the authors discuss the state of the art regarding the status of drug discovery efforts targeting S1P receptors and place emphasis on potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Park
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soon Im
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Ono JG, Worgall TS, Worgall S. Airway reactivity and sphingolipids-implications for childhood asthma. Mol Cell Pediatr 2015; 2:13. [PMID: 26637347 PMCID: PMC4670439 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-015-0025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a clinically heterogeneous disorder, whose onset and progression results from a complex interplay between genetic susceptibility, allergens, and viral triggers. Sphingolipids and altered sphingolipid metabolism have emerged as potential key contributors to the pathogenesis of asthma. Orosomucoid-like 3 gene (ORMDL3) and the asthma susceptibility locus 17q21 have been strongly and reproducibly linked to childhood asthma, but how this gene is functionally linked to asthma is incompletely understood. ORMDL proteins play an integral role in sphingolipid homeostasis and synthesis, and asthma-associated ORMDL3 polymorphisms have been associated with early viral respiratory infections and increased risk of asthma. ORMDL proteins act as inhibitors of serine palmitoyl-CoA transferase (SPT), the rate-limiting enzyme for de novo sphingolipid synthesis, and decreased sphingolipid synthesis through SPT increases airway hyperreactivity, which is independent of allergy or inflammation. In allergic models of asthma, the sphingolipid mediators sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide have been shown to be important signaling molecules for airway hyperreactivity, mast cell activation, and inflammation. This review will highlight how sphingolipids and altered sphingolipid metabolism may contribute towards the underlying mechanisms of childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie G Ono
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, 505 East 70th Street, Box 211, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Tilla S Worgall
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Worgall
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, 505 East 70th Street, Box 211, New York, NY, 10021, USA. .,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Stellari F, Sala A, Ruscitti F, Carnini C, Mirandola P, Vitale M, Civelli M, Villetti G. Monitoring inflammation and airway remodeling by fluorescence molecular tomography in a chronic asthma model. J Transl Med 2015; 13:336. [PMID: 26496719 PMCID: PMC4619338 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0696-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a multifactorial disease for which a variety of mouse models have been developed. A major drawback of these models is represented by the transient nature of the airway pathology peaking 24-72 h after challenge and resolving in 1-2 weeks. We characterized the temporal evolution of pulmonary inflammation and tissue remodeling in a recently described mouse model of chronic asthma (8 week treatment with 3 allergens: Dust mite, Ragweed, and Aspergillus; DRA). METHODS We studied the DRA model taking advantage of fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) imaging using near-infrared probes to non-invasively evaluate lung inflammation and airway remodeling. At 4, 6, 8 or 11 weeks, cathepsin- and metalloproteinase-dependent fluorescence was evaluated in vivo. A subgroup of animals, after 4 weeks of DRA, was treated with Budesonide (100 µg/kg intranasally) daily for 4 weeks. RESULTS Cathepsin-dependent fluorescence in DRA-sensitized mice resulted significantly increased at 6 and 8 weeks, and was markedly inhibited by budesonide. This fluorescent signal well correlated with ex vivo analysis such as bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophils and pulmonary inflammatory cell infiltration. Metalloproteinase-dependent fluorescence was significantly increased at 8 and 11 weeks, nicely correlated with collagen deposition, as evaluated histologically by Masson's Trichrome staining, and airway epithelium hypertrophy, and was only partly inhibited by budesonide. CONCLUSIONS FMT proved suitable for longitudinal studies to evaluate asthma progression, showing that cathepsin activity could be used to monitor inflammatory cell infiltration while metalloproteinase activity parallels airway remodeling, allowing the determination of steroid treatment efficacy in a chronic asthma model in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelo Sala
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,IBIM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francesca Ruscitti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | | | - Prisco Mirandola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Marco Vitale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy.
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8
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Vettorazzi S, Bode C, Dejager L, Frappart L, Shelest E, Klaßen C, Tasdogan A, Reichardt HM, Libert C, Schneider M, Weih F, Henriette Uhlenhaut N, David JP, Gräler M, Kleiman A, Tuckermann JP. Glucocorticoids limit acute lung inflammation in concert with inflammatory stimuli by induction of SphK1. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7796. [PMID: 26183376 PMCID: PMC4518295 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe inflammatory disease for which no specific treatment exists. As glucocorticoids have potent immunosuppressive effects, their application in ALI is currently being tested in clinical trials. However, the benefits of this type of regimen remain unclear. Here we identify a mechanism of glucocorticoid action that challenges the long-standing dogma of cytokine repression by the glucocorticoid receptor. Contrarily, synergistic gene induction of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) by glucocorticoids and pro-inflammatory stimuli via the glucocorticoid receptor in macrophages increases circulating sphingosine 1-phosphate levels, which proves essential for the inhibition of inflammation. Chemical or genetic inhibition of SphK1 abrogates the therapeutic effects of glucocorticoids. Inflammatory p38 MAPK- and mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1)-dependent pathways cooperate with glucocorticoids to upregulate SphK1 expression. Our findings support a critical role for SphK1 induction in the suppression of lung inflammation by glucocorticoids, and therefore provide rationales for effective anti-inflammatory therapies. Endothelial damage is a major component of acute lung injury pathogenesis. Here the authors show that in a mouse model of acute lung injury, glucocorticoids induce sphingosine kinase 1 production in macrophages, promoting endothelial barrier function and ameliorating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Vettorazzi
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Constantin Bode
- Molecular Cancer Research Centre (MKFZ), Charité - University Medical School (CVK), 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lien Dejager
- Inflammation Research Center, Mouse Genetics in Inflammation group, VIB and University Ghent, B9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucien Frappart
- Department of Pathology, Bat 10, HCL-Edouard Herriot Hospital, INSERM U590, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - Ekaterina Shelest
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Carina Klaßen
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of Göttingen Medical School, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Holger M Reichardt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of Göttingen Medical School, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claude Libert
- Inflammation Research Center, Mouse Genetics in Inflammation group, VIB and University Ghent, B9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marion Schneider
- Section of Experimental Anesthesiology, University Clinic Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Falk Weih
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - N Henriette Uhlenhaut
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre David
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Gräler
- Molecular Cancer Research Centre (MKFZ), Charité - University Medical School (CVK), 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), University Hospital Jena, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Anna Kleiman
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), University Hospital Jena, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Jan P Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Egger C, Cannet C, Gérard C, Dunbar A, Tigani B, Beckmann N. Hyaluronidase modulates bleomycin-induced lung injury detected noninvasively in small rodents by radial proton MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 41:755-764. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Egger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Analytical Sciences and Imaging; Basel Switzerland
- University of Basel; Biocenter; Basel Switzerland
| | - Catherine Cannet
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Analytical Sciences and Imaging; Basel Switzerland
| | - Christelle Gérard
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Analytical Sciences and Imaging; Basel Switzerland
| | - Andrew Dunbar
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Analytical Sciences and Imaging; Basel Switzerland
| | - Bruno Tigani
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Analytical Sciences and Imaging; Basel Switzerland
| | - Nicolau Beckmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Analytical Sciences and Imaging; Basel Switzerland
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10
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Worgall TS, Veerappan A, Sung B, Kim BI, Weiner E, Bholah R, Silver RB, Jiang XC, Worgall S. Impaired sphingolipid synthesis in the respiratory tract induces airway hyperreactivity. Sci Transl Med 2014; 5:186ra67. [PMID: 23698380 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3005765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a clinically heterogeneous genetic disease, and its pathogenesis is incompletely understood. Genome-wide association studies link ORM (yeast)-Like protein isoform 3 [corrected] (ORMDL3), a member of the ORM gene family, to nonallergic childhood-onset asthma. Orm proteins negatively regulate sphingolipid (SL) synthesis by acting as homeostatic regulators of serine palmitoyl-CoA transferase (SPT), the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo SL synthesis, but it is not known how SPT activity or SL synthesis is related to asthma. The present study analyzes the effect of decreased de novo SL synthesis in the lung on airway reactivity after administration of myriocin, an inhibitor of SPT, and in SPT heterozygous knockout mice. We show that, in both models, decreased de novo SL synthesis increases bronchial reactivity in the absence of inflammation. Decreased SPT activity affected intracellular magnesium homeostasis and altered the bronchial sensitivity to magnesium. This functionally links decreased de novo SL synthesis to asthma and so identifies this metabolic pathway as a potential target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilla S Worgall
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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11
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Ono JG, Worgall TS, Worgall S. 17q21 locus and ORMDL3: an increased risk for childhood asthma. Pediatr Res 2014; 75:165-70. [PMID: 24165737 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2013.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variations in the 17q21 locus are strongly associated with childhood nonallergic asthma. Expression of the 17q21 genes, orosomucoid like 3 (ORMDL3) and gasdermin B (GSMDB), is affected by these disease-associated variants. However, until recently, no functional connection of the protein products coded by these genes with asthma was known. Lately, it has been identified that ORMDL3 function has been related to various cellular processes that could be relevant for the pathogenesis of asthma. This includes dysregulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) associated with airway remodeling and also an effect of ORMDL3-dysregulated sphingolipid synthesis on bronchial hyperreactivity. These findings are crucial for a better understanding of the mechanism of childhood asthma and may lead to asthma therapeutics that target pathways previously not thought to be related to this common pediatric respiratory disease. Furthermore, this may validate the unbiased genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach for complex diseases such as asthma, to better define pathomechanisms and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie G Ono
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Tilla S Worgall
- 1] Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York [2] Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York [3] Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Stefan Worgall
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York [2] Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Abstract
The recent success of FTY720 (Fingolimod, Gilenya(®)), which has been approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and is the first-in-class sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulating drug, has boosted the interest in further drug development in this area. Several selective S1P1 receptor-modulating drugs are being investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of diverse autoimmune disorders. Sphingosine kinase inhibitors are under development for the treatment of cancer, aberrant angiogenesis and inflammatory diseases; an inhibitor of SK2 with relatively low affinity is being analysed in patients with advanced solid tumours. While an indirect S1P lyase inhibitor has just failed the proof of concept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, S1P lyase is still a promising target for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Another approach is the development of S1P-scavenging or -clearing agents, including a monoclonal S1P antibody that has successfully passed phase I clinical trials and will be further developed for age-related macular degeneration.
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13
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Galicia-Rosas G, Pikor N, Schwartz JA, Rojas O, Jian A, Summers-Deluca L, Ostrowski M, Nuesslein-Hildesheim B, Gommerman JL. A sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1-directed agonist reduces central nervous system inflammation in a plasmacytoid dendritic cell-dependent manner. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:3700-6. [PMID: 22933630 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gradients of the sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are responsible for the egress of lymphocytes from lymph nodes by activating the S1P1 receptor expressed on the surface of lymphocytes. Small molecule drugs that downregulate S1P receptors induce the sequestration of lymphocytes within lymph nodes, thus preventing lymphocytes from accessing sites of inflammation. In particular, FTY720, a pan-S1P receptor agonist, has been efficacious in the treatment of multiple sclerosis as well as its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), by virtue of its ability to restrain lymphocytes within the lymph nodes, thus precluding their migration into the CNS. However, multiple leukocyte subsets express S1P receptors of varying types, and although it is beneficial to prevent transmigration of proinflammatory lymphocytes into the CNS, allowing access of regulatory leukocyte subsets to the CNS is desirable. In this study, we show that an S1P1-specific agonist (AUY954) is clinically efficacious in ameliorating pre-established EAE in SJL/J mice. Efficacy of AUY954 correlated with a reduction of lymphocytes in the CNS, but access of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) to the CNS was unimpaired, and the presence of pDCs was found to be an important cofactor in mediating the clinical efficacy of AUY954. These results indicate that pDCs are important in quieting autoimmune responses during EAE, and that trafficking inhibitors that are permissive for pDC accumulation in the CNS may be of therapeutic value for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
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Abstract
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a simple technique commonly used in humans to sample the contents of the epithelial lining fluid and determine the cellular and molecular composition of the pulmonary airways. In murine models, BAL makes it possible to sample immunological and inflammatory cell populations; it is indispensable for studying cell influx in disease models of the airways such as asthma and COPD. Cell counts can be combined with methods such as ELISA, immunoblot, immunohistochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and HPLC to assess such inflammatory components as cytokines, growth factors, analytes, and receptors expressed at the cell membrane. Performing BAL in a reproducible manner is a hallmark of airway research in the mouse. Several procedures may be implemented. This unit describes a basic, rapid, inexpensive, and highly reproducible procedure to collect BAL fluid and cells that can be counted efficiently and reproducibly. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 2:167-175 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Daubeuf
- UMR 7200 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - Nelly Frossard
- UMR 7200 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
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Norimatsu Y, Ohmori T, Kimura A, Madoiwa S, Mimuro J, Seichi A, Yatomi Y, Hoshino Y, Sakata Y. FTY720 improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury by primarily nonimmunomodulatory mechanisms. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:1625-35. [PMID: 22417787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an incapacitating injury that can result in limited functional recovery. We have previously shown increases in the lysophospholipid mediator, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), in the spinal cord after contusion injury. To apply S1P receptor modulation to the treatment of SCI, we examined the therapeutic effects of FTY720, an S1P receptor agonist, on locomotor recovery after SCI in mice. Oral administration of FTY720 shortly after contusion SCI significantly improved motor function recovery, as assessed by both Basso Mouse Scale scores and Rotarod Performance test results. FTY720 induced lymphopenia and reduced T-cell infiltration in the spinal cord after SCI but did not affect the early infiltration of neutrophils and the activation of microglia. In addition, plasma levels and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord after SCI were not attenuated by FTY720. Vascular permeability and astrocyte accumulation were both decreased by FTY720 in the injured spinal cord. The therapeutic effects of FTY720 were not solely dependent on immune modulation, as confirmed by the demonstration that FTY720 also ameliorated motor function after SCI in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. Finally, the S1P(1) receptor agonist, SEW2871, partly mimicked the therapeutic effect of FTY720. Our data highlight the importance of immune-independent functions of FTY720 in decreasing vascular permeability and astrogliosis in the injured spinal cord and promoting locomotor function recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Norimatsu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
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Karmouty-Quintana H, Siddiqui S, Hassan M, Tsuchiya K, Risse PA, Xicota-Vila L, Marti-Solano M, Martin JG. Treatment with a sphingosine-1-phosphate analog inhibits airway remodeling following repeated allergen exposure. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 302:L736-45. [PMID: 22287614 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00050.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is an immunomodulatory lipid mediator that plays an important role in lymphocyte trafficking. Elevated levels of S1P are found in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of patients with asthma; however, its role in disease is not known. FTY720, a synthetic analog of S1P, has been shown to abrogate allergic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness following acute allergen challenge. However, its effects on asthmatic airway remodeling induced by repeated allergen exposure are unknown. Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized rats were challenged on days 14, 19, and 24 after sensitization. FTY720 or vehicle (PBS) therapy was administered 1 h prior to each challenge. BAL fluid and quantitative histological analysis were performed 48 h after the last challenge. FTY720 inhibited OVA-induced features of airway remodeling including increased airway smooth muscle mass and bronchial neovascularization, without affecting lymphocyte numbers in secondary lymphoid organs. Furthermore, CD3+ cells adjacent to airway smooth muscle bundles were increased in OVA-challenged rats but the increase was inhibited by FTY720. There was an expansion of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue following FTY720 treatment of OVA-challenged animals. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that Th2-associated transcription factors were inhibited following FTY720 therapy. Airway remodeling is a cardinal feature of severe asthma. These results demonstrate that allergen-driven airway remodeling can be inhibited by FTY720, offering potential new therapies for the treatment of severe asthma.
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Cordts F, Pitson S, Tabeling C, Gibbins I, Moffat DF, Jersmann H, Hodge S, Haberberger RV. Expression profile of the sphingosine kinase signalling system in the lung of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Life Sci 2011; 89:806-11. [PMID: 21945191 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite its importance, treatment methods are limited and restricted to symptomatic care, highlighting the urgent need for new treatment options. Tissue damage in COPD is thought to result from an inability of the normal repair processes with accumulation of apoptotic material and impaired clearance of this material by macrophages in the airways. Lung inflammation involves the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). MAIN METHODS We investigated lung tissue samples from 55 patients (25 with COPD) undergoing lobectomies for management of cancer. We analysed the sphingosine-kinase (SphK) mRNA expression profile, SphK enzyme activity as well as the localisation and expression of individual proteins related to the SphK-signalling system. KEY FINDINGS We show in this study for the first time a comprehensive expression profile of all synthesising enzymes, receptors and degrading enzymes of the SphK-signalling system in the human lung. Multivariate ANOVA showed that the relative mRNA expression of S1P receptor (S1PR) subtype 5 was reduced in COPD. There were strong positive correlations between the mRNA expression of S1PR5 and S1PR1 and S1PR3, and between S1PR3 and S1PR2. A significant negative correlation was found between S1PR1 and SphK protein activity. SIGNIFICANCE The correlations between expression levels of receptors and enzymes involved in the sphingosine kinase signalling system in the lung suggest common regulatory mechanisms. Our findings of reduced S1PR5 in COPD and the correlation with other S1P receptors in COPD identify S1PR5 as a possible novel target for pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Cordts
- Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders Medical Science & Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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van Echteld CJA, Beckmann N. A View on Imaging in Drug Research and Development for Respiratory Diseases. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 337:335-349. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.172635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Kenne E, Lindbom L. Imaging inflammatory plasma leakage in vivo. Thromb Haemost 2011; 105:783-9. [PMID: 21437352 DOI: 10.1160/th10-10-0635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increased vascular permeability and consequent plasma leakage from postcapillary venules is a cardinal sign of inflammation. Although the movement of plasma constituents from the vasculature to the affected tissue aids in clearing the inflammatory stimulus, excessive plasma extravasation can lead to hospitalisation or death in cases such as influenza-induced pneumonia, burns or brain injury. The use of intravital imaging has significantly contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms controlling the vascular permeability alterations that occur during inflammation. Today, intravital imaging can be performed using optical and non-optical techniques. Optical techniques, which are generally used in experimental settings, include traditional intravital fluorescence microscopy and near-infrared fluorescence imaging. Magnetic resonance (MRI) and radioisotopic imaging are used mainly in the clinical setting, but are increasingly used in experimental work, and can detect plasma leakage without optics. Although these methods are all able to visualise inflammatory plasma leakage in vivo, the spatial and temporal resolution differs between the techniques. In addition, they vary with regards to invasiveness and availability. This overview discusses the use of imaging techniques in the visualisation of inflammatory plasma leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kenne
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Marsolais D, Yagi S, Kago T, Leaf N, Rosen H. Modulation of chemokines and allergic airway inflammation by selective local sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 agonism in lungs. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 79:61-8. [PMID: 20935081 DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.066811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate and its receptors have emerged as important modulators of the immune response. The sphingosine-1-phosphate prodrug 2-amino-2-(2-[4-octylphenyl]ethyl)-1,3-propanediol (FTY720) can alleviate experimental allergic airway inflammation. Nevertheless, the role of individual sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors in the regulation of allergic airway inflammation remains undefined. Using a newly characterized potent and selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P₁) agonist with physical properties allowing airway delivery, we studied the contribution of S1P₁ signaling to eosinophilic airway inflammation induced in ovalbumin-immunized mice by airway challenges with ovalbumin. Airway delivery of receptor-nonselective sphingosine-1-phosphate prodrug significantly inhibits the sequential accumulation of antigen-presenting dendritic cells and CD4+ T cells in draining lymph nodes. This in turn suppressed by >80% the accumulation of CD4+ T cells and eosinophils in the airways. Systemic delivery of sphingosine-1-phosphate prodrug or of an S1P)₁-specific agonist at doses sufficient to induce lymphopenia did not inhibit eosinophil accumulation in the airways. In contrast, local airway delivery of S1P₁-specific agonist inhibited airways release of endogenous CCL5 and CCL17 chemokines, and significantly suppressed accumulation of activated T cells and eosinophils in the lungs. Specific S1P₁ agonism in lungs contributes significantly to anti-inflammatory activities of sphingosine-1-phosphate therapeutics by suppressing chemokine release in the airways, and may be of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Marsolais
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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