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Cheng LL, Tian C, Yin TT. Identifying driving factors of urban land expansion using Google Earth Engine and machine-learning approaches in Mentougou District, China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16248. [PMID: 36171255 PMCID: PMC9519550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The research on driving mechanisms of urban land expansion is hot topic of land science. However, the relative importance of anthropogenic-natural factors and how they affect urban land expansion change are still unclear. Based on the Google Earth Engine platform, this study used the support vector machine classifier to extract land-use datasets of Mentougou district of Beijing, China from 1990 to 2016. Supported by machine-learning approaches, multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forests (RF) were applied and compared to identify the influential factors and their relative importance on urban land expansion. The results show: There was a continuous growth in urban land expansion from 1990 to 2016, the increased area reached 6097.42 ha with an average annual rate of 8.01% and average annual intensity rate of 2.57%, respectively. Factors such as elevation, risk of goaf collapse, accessibility, local fiscal expenditure, industrial restructuring, per capita income in rural area, GDP were important drivers of urban land expansion change. The model comparison indicated that RF had greater ability than MLR to identify the non-linear relationships between urban land expansion and explanatory variables. The influencing factors of urban land expansion should be comprehensively considered to regulate new land policy actions in Mentougou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Cheng
- College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chao Tian
- College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Ting-Ting Yin
- College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
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Liu T, Yu L, Bu K, Yang J, Yan F, Zhang S, Li G, Jiao Y, Liu S. Thermal and moisture response to land surface changes across different ecosystems over Heilong-Amur River Basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151799. [PMID: 34801503 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Heilong-Amur River Basin (HARB) in Northeast Asia has experienced distinct land surface changes during the past 40 years due to extensive ecological restoration programs, agricultural management, and grassland grazing in different ecosystems. However, the regional climate impact caused by the long-term spatially heterogeneous land surface changes in this mid-high latitude region is not well documented. Therefore, this study used multi-source satellite measurements records and a high-resolution land-atmosphere coupled regional climate model (WRF) to investigate the land surface changes and their associated thermal and moisture impacts across three main ecosystems over the Heilong-Amur River basin from 1982 to 2018. Firstly, satellite observations indicated an overall greening in HARB, with variations across ecosystems. The significant summer farmland greening is the most representative, with the farmland green vegetation fraction (GVF) remarkably increasing by 7.78% in summer. The forest greening magnitude is stronger in spring (3.42%) than in summer (2.85%), while the grassland vegetation showed some local browning signals in summer. Secondly, our simulated results showed the summer farmland greening accelerated evapotranspiration (ET) by 0.161 mm/d and significantly cools the surface temperature by 0.508 °C averaged at the ecosystem scale, which was highly correlated with the satellite observations but with lower cooling magnitude. The forest greening brought less surface cooling in spring than summer due to the stronger albedo feedback, despite with greater increase in GVF and ET. While with the opposite process, the local grassland browning leads to consistent warming effects, which can be detected from both satellite observations and our simulation results. Finally, our results also found that rainfall increasing averagely at the ecosystem scale can't fully compensate the water emission from enhanced ET due to the surface greening, contributing to soil moisture decline in both farmland and relative dry forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxiang Liu
- College of Geography Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China; Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Lingxue Yu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
| | - Kun Bu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Jiuchun Yang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Fengqin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Guangshuai Li
- College of Geography Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China; Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yue Jiao
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Shizhuo Liu
- College of Geography Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
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Wyner Y, Desalle R. Taking the conservation biology perspective to secondary school classrooms. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2010; 24:649-654. [PMID: 20337673 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The influence of conservation biology can be enhanced greatly if it reaches beyond undergraduate biology to students at the middle and high school levels. If a conservation perspective were taught in secondary schools, students who are not interested in biology could be influenced to pursue careers or live lifestyles that would reduce the negative impact of humans on the world. We use what we call the ecology-disrupted approach to transform the topics of conservation biology research into environmental-issue and ecology topics, the major themes of secondary school courses in environmental science. In this model, students learn about the importance and complexity of normal ecological processes by studying what goes wrong when people disrupt them (environmental issues). Many studies published in Conservation Biology are related in some way to the ecological principles being taught in secondary schools. Describing research in conservation biology in the language of ecology curricula in secondary schools can help bring these science stories to the classroom and give them a context in which they can be understood by students. Without this context in the curriculum, a science story can devolve into just another environmental issue that has no immediate effect on the daily lives of students. Nevertheless, if the research is placed in the context of larger ecological processes that are being taught, students can gain a better understanding of ecology and a better understanding of their effect on the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Wyner
- Secondary Education, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.
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