1
|
Toteja N, Khera D, Gupta P, Mittal A, Singh K. When the Going Gets Tough: A Case Report and Review of Calcinosis Cutis in an Infant with Pseudo-Hypoaldosteronism. Cureus 2023; 15:e47579. [PMID: 38021586 PMCID: PMC10666667 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium gluconate solutions are an essential part of the intensive care medication armamentarium. Calcium-related extravasations are not an infrequent occurrence. However, occult extravasation presenting solely as an isolated mass lesion with no preceding cutaneous manifestation is rare. Calcinosis cutis is an extraosseous collection of calcium deposits in the skin and subcutaneous tissues. Multiple etiopathogenetic factors play a role in its manifestations. We illustrate a case of a seven-week-old infant diagnosed with pseudo-hypoaldosteronism with a mysterious swelling on the left leg during the third week of hospitalization, which was attributed to occult iatrogenic calcinosis cutis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Toteja
- Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, IND
| | - Daisy Khera
- Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Priya Gupta
- Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Aliza Mittal
- Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Pediatrics and Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, IND
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sinha A, Kumar V, Vasudevan B, Chandra M. A rare case of metastatic superficial cutaneous calcification due to tumour lysis in a case of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2021; 87:696-699. [PMID: 34245531 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_282_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Sinha
- Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital Lucknow, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Consultant Dermatologist, Singarnagar, Alambagh, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Mithilesh Chandra
- Department of Pathology, Consultancy Services, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pavlek LR, Braswell E. Case 1: An Infant with Arm Swelling and Nodules. Neoreviews 2019; 20:e86-e89. [PMID: 31261089 DOI: 10.1542/neo.20-2-e86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leeann R Pavlek
- Department of Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Erica Braswell
- Department of Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seok J, Park KY, Seo SJ. Firm Yellow Plaque on the Foot of a Young Infant. Pediatr Dermatol 2016; 33:555-6. [PMID: 27595874 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joon Seok
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kui Young Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Seong Jun Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Metastatic Calcinosis Cutis: A Case in a Child with Acute Pre-B Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Case Rep Hematol 2015; 2015:384821. [PMID: 26346120 PMCID: PMC4540989 DOI: 10.1155/2015/384821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercalcemia in children with malignancy is an uncommon condition. It has been described in leukemia patients with impaired renal excretion of calcium or osteolytic lesions. Metastatic calcinosis cutis (MCC) may develop if hypercalcemia persists. We report the case of a 5-year-old girl with an atypical dermatosis and unspecific gastrointestinal symptoms. Considered clinical diagnoses were xanthomas, histiocytosis, molluscum contagiosum, and nongenital warts. Cutaneous histological analysis showed amorphous basophilic deposits in the dermis suggestive of calcium deposits. Laboratory tests confirmed serum hypercalcemia. Extensive investigations such as bone marrow biopsy established the diagnosis of an acute pre-B cell lymphoblastic leukemia. Hypercalcemia in hematopoietic malignancies is unusual, especially as initial manifestation of the disease. Careful review of the literature fails to reveal previous reports of these peculiar cutaneous lesions of MCC in children with leukemia.
Collapse
|
6
|
Reddy K, Kogan S, Glick SA. Procedures and drugs in pediatric dermatology: Iatrogenic risks and situations of concern. Clin Dermatol 2011; 29:633-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
7
|
Kurzydlo AM, Hannaford R. Dystrophic calcification following neonatal heel-prick testing. Australas J Dermatol 2010; 51:206-7. [PMID: 20695862 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.2009.00612.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 7-year-old boy presented with a 5-year history of dystrophic calcification manifesting as solitary nodules on the plantar aspect of both heels. Microscopic examination showed hyperkeratosis and psoriasiform hyperplasia overlying an area of dystrophic calcification. Multiple heel-prick tests carried out during the neonatal period to monitor blood glucose levels are the likely causative mechanism.
Collapse
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdul Qader
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Al-Kuwait University Hospital, Sana'a University Medical School, Sana'a, Republic of Yemen.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Raffaella C, Annapaola C, Tullio I, Angelo R, Giuseppe L, Simone C. Successful treatment of severe iatrogenic calcinosis cutis with intravenous sodium thiosulfate in a child affected by T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Dermatol 2009; 26:311-5. [PMID: 19706094 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2008.00776.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sodium thiosulfate has been successfully used to treat calcyphilaxis in adults and children, but its effect on iatrogenic calcinosis cutis secondary to extravasation of calcium solutions is less known. We describe a 5-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed severe calcinosis cutis in the right forearm and hand, and in the left leg and foot after extravasation of calcium gluconate during treatment for tumor-lysis-syndrome-related hypocalcaemia. Surgical debridement, local wound care, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and sodium thiosulfate infusion achieved a complete healing of all lesions in an eight-month period with a short discontinuation of chemotherapy. No functional or sensitive impairment remained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colombatti Raffaella
- Clinic of Pediatric Oncology-Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sonohata M, Akiyama T, Fujita I, Asami A, Mawatari M, Hotokebuchi T. Neonate with calcinosis cutis following extravasation of calcium gluconate. J Orthop Sci 2008; 13:269-72. [PMID: 18528663 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-007-1217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Accepted: 12/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Sonohata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Domínguez-Fernández I, Goíriz R, Pérez-Gala S, Fraga J, Fernández-Herrera J. Calcinosis cutis following extravasation of calcium salts. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2008; 22:505-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2007.02369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
12
|
Domizio S, Puglielli C, Barbante E, Sabatino G, Amerio P, Artese O, Tulli A. Calcinosis cutis in a newborn caused by minimal calcium gluconate extravasation. Int J Dermatol 2006; 45:1439-40. [PMID: 17184251 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2006.02693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
13
|
Ulutas B, Voyvoda H, Pasa S, Alingan MK. Clodronate treatment of vitamin D-induced hypercalcemia in dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2006.00190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
Tan O, Atik B, Kizilkaya A, Ozer E, Kavukcu S. Extensive skin calcifications in an infant with chronic renal failure: metastatic calcinosis cutis. Pediatr Dermatol 2006; 23:235-8. [PMID: 16780469 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2006.00224.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Calcinosis cutis, one of the rare manifestations of systemic calcinosis, is characterized by the deposition of calcium and phosphate salts in the skin. Metastatic calcinosis, usually a late complication of chronic renal failure, arises from increased calcium or phosphate levels in the serum or both. Both sexes and all ages may be affected; however, cutaneous involvement is uncommon, particularly in children. We present the youngest patient, to our knowledge, with end-stage renal disease and cutaneous metastatic calcification resulting from secondary hyperparathyroidism. A 2-month-old infant presented to the pediatric service with anuria and uremia. A renal biopsy specimen showed chronic tubulo-interstitial nephritis. Indurated, firm, tender reddish papules were localized to both lower limbs, and extensive irregular nodules and plaques with ulceration and white stony contents were localized to the right upper limb. Topical antibiotic ointment was applied to the skin lesions to prevent secondary infection. However, acute peritonitis developed during peritoneal dialysis, and death occurred as a result of sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onder Tan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Avci Z, Alioglu B, Canan O, Ozcay F, Celasun B, Sarialioglu F, Ozbek N. Calcification of the gastric mucosa associated with tumor lysis syndrome in a child with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2006; 28:307-10. [PMID: 16772882 DOI: 10.1097/01.mph.0000212913.45136.fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an important complication associated with hematological malignancies leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Metastatic calcification due to calcium phosphate crystals precipitated in soft tissues is rarely encountered in TLS. We describe a child with non-Hodgkin lymphoma who had gastric mucosal calcification related to severe hyperphosphatemia due to TLS. Upper-gastrointestinal endoscopic examination performed because of abdominal complaints revealed diffuse mucosal white lesions in mucosa of the gastric antrum and corpus. Pathological examination of the mucosa of the gastric corpus showed marked calcification in the lamina propria. We suggest that calcification in mucosa of the gastric corpus may be seen in patients with TLS. We also suggest that gastric mucosal calcifications should be considered in patients with hematological malignancies from TLS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zekai Avci
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Arora A, Agarwal A, Kumar S, Gupta SK. Iatrogenic calcinosis cutis--a rare differential diagnosis of soft-tissue infection in a neonate: a case report. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2005; 13:195-8. [PMID: 16131687 DOI: 10.1177/230949900501300218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This case report describes a rare differential diagnosis of soft-tissue infection in a neonate. Fever, pain, inflammation, and acute tenderness in the limb of a neonate signify acute infection or osteomyelitis unless proved otherwise. Iatrogenic calcinosis cutis presents with similar symptoms and signs; its diagnosis may be easily confused with an infective condition by an unwary orthopaedic surgeon. This report aimed to raise doctors' awareness on the presentation, aetiopathogenesis, and course of the relatively rare iatrogenic calcinosis cutis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Arora
- Department of Orthopaedics, University College of Medical Sciences, Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Shahdara, Delhi, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bhattacharya A, Prasad V, Thomas EJ, Singh B, Mittal BR. Tc-99m MDP Scintigraphy in a Case of Idiopathic Calcinosis Cutis. Clin Nucl Med 2005; 30:431-2. [PMID: 15891303 DOI: 10.1097/01.rlu.0000163375.97027.9b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anish Bhattacharya
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160-012, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Puvabanditsin S, Garrow E, Titapiwatanakun R, Getachew R, Patel JB. Severe calcinosis cutis in an infant. Pediatr Radiol 2005; 35:539-42. [PMID: 15565339 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-004-1363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2004] [Revised: 09/05/2004] [Accepted: 09/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report on an infant with severe asphyxia and persistent pulmonary hypertension as a newborn. The baby received prolonged intravenous calcium gluconate therapy for hypocalcemia. At 5 weeks of age, multiple firm, indurated areas (armor-like lesions) were palpable in the subcutaneous tissues of the trunk, arms, legs, and face, particularly in skin folds. Roentgenographic study showed generalized soft-tissue calcifications throughout the body, extremities, and face. Calcinosis cutis occurs through a variety of pathogenetic mechanisms. Case reports on calcinosis cutis in infants are uncommon, and the calcifications are mostly localized. In our patient, they are generalized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surasak Puvabanditsin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Satter EK, Maari CH, Morel KD, Eichenfield LF, Cunningham BB, Friedlander SF, Bergman JN. Disseminated linear calcinosis cutis associated with the Koebner phenomenon in an infant with congenital acute monocytic leukaemia. Br J Dermatol 2004; 150:753-6. [PMID: 15099374 DOI: 10.1111/j.0007-0963.2004.05895.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a unique case of an infant with acute monocytic leukaemia who presented at birth with multiple rubbery, erythematous to violaceous subcutaneous nodules secondary to leukaemia cutis. As these infiltrates regressed with chemotherapy, numerous white to yellow linear confluent papules appeared in a scratch-like pattern. These lesions were widely disseminated but were concentrated across her face, trunk and extremities with relative sparing of the napkin area and back. We propose that these lesions represent a form of dystrophic calcinosis cutis that occurred secondary to koebnerization in an infant with congenital leukaemia cutis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E K Satter
- Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Children's Hospital/University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sehgal VN, Khandpur S, Sardana K, Bajaj P, Jain N. Dystrophic calcinosis cutis circumscripta. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2004; 17:729-31. [PMID: 14761152 DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-3083.2003.00683.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
21
|
Neri I, Patrizi A, Bianchi F, Piraccini BM. Medical pearl: cytodiagnosis for subepidermal calcified nodule. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003; 49:900-1. [PMID: 14576672 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(03)00850-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iria Neri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Bologna
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
We report the case of a 49-year-old female who complained of hardening of the skin, with onset about 1.5 years before presentation. The laboratory data showed normal biochemistry profile. Routine haematochemical examinations showed slight anaemia, an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and negative rheumatological markers. Calcium excretion in a 24-h urine sample was normal, but the phosphate excretion was slightly low. The clinical diagnosis was verified by soft tissue ultrasound examination showing subcutaneous calcifications. X-ray examination of bones evidenced no abnormal calcification. Mammography revealed deep seated bilateral reticular calcifications, even in the axillary region. Histological examination showed calcinosis cutis. On these grounds, the diagnosis of idiopathic universal calcinosis cutis was made. The authors describe the clinical and histological picture and discuss the laboratory findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Ogretmen
- Department of Dermatology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Buka R, Wei H, Sapadin A, Mauch J, Lebwohl M, Rudikoff D. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum and calcinosis cutis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000; 43:312-5. [PMID: 10906658 DOI: 10.1067/mjd.2000.106472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A 42-year-old white woman presented with clinical and histologic manifestations of both calcinosis cutis and pseudoxanthoma elasticum: discrete milia-like calcifications at the anterior aspect of the neck, a funduscopic examination with classic eye findings, peripheral vascular disease, and a mottled appearance of the skin at the axillae, groin, and lateral aspects of the neck. A younger sibling had similar skin lesions and deteriorating visual acuity. The patient was normocalcemic and normophosphatemic. This case may represent the coincidental occurrence of two rare entities in the same person or may be suggestive of a pattern of dystrophic calcification associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Buka
- Department of Dermatology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cutaneous Calcification. Dermatology 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-97931-6_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
|
25
|
Millard TP, Harris AJ, MacDonald DM. Calcinosis cutis following intravenous infusion of calcium gluconate. Br J Dermatol 1999; 140:184-6. [PMID: 10215803 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02641.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
26
|
|