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Roode SC, Shive HR, Hoorntje W, Bernard J, Stowe DM, Pool RR, Grindem CB. Multiloculated solitary (unicameral) bone cyst in a young dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:484-488. [PMID: 29782037 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A 20-month-old female spayed Staffordshire Terrier (22.3 kg) presented to the Orthopedic Surgery Service at North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for evaluation of a 6-week history of toe-touching to nonweight-bearing lameness in the right hind limb. Radiographs of the right stifle revealed a multiloculated lytic lesion of the distal femur, with a large open lytic zone centrally, numerous osseous septations peripherally, and focal areas of cortical thinning and loss. An aspirate of the right distal femoral lesion yielded mildly cloudy serosanguineous fluid. Cytologic examination of the fluid revealed a pleomorphic population of discrete cells that exhibited marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis and a variable nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N:C) ratio, which were interpreted as probable neoplastic cells, with few macrophages, and evidence of hemorrhage. Given the clinical signs of pain, lesion size, and concern for malignant neoplasia, amputation of the right hind limb was performed. Histologically, the lesion had undulating walls 1-3 mm thick with a continuous outer layer of dense fibrous tissue and an inner layer composed of reactive cancellous bone with no cortical compacta remaining. Remnants of thin fibrous or fibro-osseous septa projected from the bony wall into the cyst lumen. The final histologic diagnosis was a benign multiloculated solitary (unicameral) bone cyst of the distal right femur. Based on the histopathologic findings, it was speculated that the cells identified on cytology were a mixture of developing osteoclasts, osteoblasts, endothelial, and stromal cells. This is the first report describing the cytologic examination of a solitary bone cyst in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Roode
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Heather R Shive
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Willemijn Hoorntje
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Devorah M Stowe
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Roy R Pool
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Carol B Grindem
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Liang QQ, Li XF, Zhou Q, Xing L, Cheng SD, Ding DF, Xu LQ, Tang DZ, Bian Q, Xi ZJ, Zhou C, Shi Q, Wang YJ. The expression of osteoprotegerin is required for maintaining the intervertebral disc endplate of aged mice. Bone 2011; 48:1362-9. [PMID: 21466864 PMCID: PMC3130509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.03.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human chondrocytes and annulus fibrosus cells of intervertebral disc (IVD) express osteoprotegerin (OPG), but the effect of OPG on the pathogenesis of IVD degeneration remains unknown. Here we assessed the phenotype change of IVD in OPG(-/-) mice. METHODS The IVDs from 12-, 20-, and 28-week-old OPG(-/-) mice and WT controls were subjected to histologic analyses including TRAP staining for osteoclasts, immunostaining for OPG and type I collagen protein expression, and TUNEL staining for apoptosis. The IVD tissues were also subjected to real time RT-PCR for mRNA expression of genes for osteoblast-osterix, ALP, and osteocalcin; for osteoclasts-trap, rank, mmp9 and cathepsin K, and for chondrocytes-aggrecan, mmp13 and Col10. RESULTS OPG protein expresses at the cells of endplate cartilage and annulus fibrosis in IVDs of WT mice. Compared to WT mice, OPG(-/-) mice developed aging related cartilage loss and bony tissue appearance at the endplate. Stating from 20 weeks of age, IVDs from OPG(-/-) mice expressed significantly increased mmp13 and Col10 levels, which is associated with increased osteoblast number and elevated expression of osteoblast marker genes. Furthermore, TRAP+ osteoclasts were presented in the endplate cartilage of OPG(-/-) mice. These osteoclasts localized adjacently to and erosion into the cartilage. Increased expression of RANK, mmp9 and cathepsin k was detected in OPG(-/-) IVDs. CONCLUSIONS OPG at IVD plays an important role for maintaining the integrity of endplate cartilage during aging by preventing endplate cartilage from osteoclast-mediated resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Longhua Hospital, ShangHai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Longhua Hospital, ShangHai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Longhua Hospital, ShangHai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Lianping Xing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Shao-Dan Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Longhua Hospital, ShangHai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Dao-Fang Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Longhua Hospital, ShangHai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Le-Qin Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Longhua Hospital, ShangHai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - De-Zhi Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Longhua Hospital, ShangHai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Qin Bian
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Longhua Hospital, ShangHai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Jie Xi
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Longhua Hospital, ShangHai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chongjian Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Longhua Hospital, ShangHai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Qi Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Longhua Hospital, ShangHai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Longhua Hospital, ShangHai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
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