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Ma Y, Liang X, Li C, Li R, Tong X, Zhang R, Shan X, Yang J, Ma X, Lu W, Li R, Fu J. 5-HT 2A Receptor and 5-HT Degradation Play a Crucial Role in Atherosclerosis by Modulating Macrophage Foam Cell Formation, Vascular Endothelial Cell Inflammation, and Hepatic Steatosis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 29:322-336. [PMID: 33536397 PMCID: PMC8894120 DOI: 10.5551/jat.58305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim:
Previously, we found that diabetes-related liver dysfunction is due to activation of the 5-HT
2A
receptor (5-HT
2A
R) and increased synthesis and degradation of 5-HT. Here, we investigated the role of 5-HT in the development of atherosclerosis.
Methods:
The study was conducted using high-fat diet-fed male ApoE
−/−
mice, THP-1 cell-derived macrophages, and HUVECs. Protein expression and biochemical indexes were determined by Western blotting and quantitative analysis kit, respectively. The following staining methods were used: oil red O staining (showing atherosclerotic plaques and intracellular lipid droplets), immunohistochemistry (showing the expression of 5-HT
2A
R, 5-HT synthase, and CD68 in the aortic wall), and fluorescent probe staining (showing intracellular ROS).
Results:
In addition to improving hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, co-treatment with a 5-HT synthesis inhibitor and a 5-HT
2A
R antagonist significantly suppressed the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and macrophage infiltration in the aorta of ApoE
−/−
mice in a synergistic manner. Macrophages and HUVECs exposed to oxLDL or palmitic acid
in vitro
showed that activated 5-HT
2A
R regulated TG synthesis and oxLDL uptake by activating PKCε, resulting in formation of lipid droplets and even foam cells; ROS production was due to the increase of both intracellular 5-HT synthesis and mitochondrial MAO-A-catalyzed 5-HT degradation, which leads to the activation of NF-κB and the release of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β from macrophages and HUVECs as well as MCP-1 release from HUVECs.
Conclusion:
Similar to hepatic steatosis, the pathogenesis of lipid-induced atherosclerosis is associated with activation of intracellular 5-HT
2A
R, 5-HT synthesis, and 5-HT degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ma
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Xiurui Liang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Chen Li
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Ruoming Li
- College of basic medicine and clinical pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Xin Tong
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Rui Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Xuechun Shan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Jing Yang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Center of China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Wenjia Lu
- College of basic medicine and clinical pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Ruitong Li
- College of basic medicine and clinical pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Jihua Fu
- Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University
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John Jayakumar JAK, Panicker MM, Basu B. Serotonin 2A (5-HT 2A) receptor affects cell-matrix adhesion and the formation and maintenance of stress fibers in HEK293 cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21675. [PMID: 33303826 PMCID: PMC7728786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78595-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
5-HT2A, a G-protein coupled receptor, is widely expressed in the human body, including in the gastrointestinal tract, platelets and the nervous system. It mediates various functions, for e.g. learning, memory, mood regulation, platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction, but its involvement in cell-adhesion remains largely unknown. Here we report a novel role for 5-HT2A in cell–matrix adhesion. In HEK293 cells, which are loosely adherent, expression and stimulation of human or rat 5-HT2A receptor by agonists such as serotonin or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) led to a significant increase in adhesion, while inhibition of 5-HT2A by antipsychotics, such as risperidone, olanzapine or chlorpromazine prevented it. 5-HT2A activation gave rise to stress fibers in these cells and was also required for their maintenance. Mechanistically, the 5-HT2A-mediated adhesion was mediated by downstream PKC and Rho signaling. Since 5-HT2A is associated with many disorders such as dementia, depression and schizophrenia, its role in cell–matrix adhesion could have implications for neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Anand Kumar John Jayakumar
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India. .,National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India.
| | - Mitradas M Panicker
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Basudha Basu
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India. .,National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India. .,Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds University, Leeds, UK.
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3
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Management of chronic expanding haematoma using triamcinolone after latissimus dorsi flap harvesting. Arch Plast Surg 2015; 42:218-22. [PMID: 25798395 PMCID: PMC4366705 DOI: 10.5999/aps.2015.42.2.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic expanding haematoma (CEH) is a rare type of haematoma that enlarges slowly and continuously without coagulation. It can occur following surgery because of shear stress-induced bleeding in the scar tissue between the subcutaneous fat and fascia. We present three cases of large chronic CEH that were successfully treated with triamcinolone injections. Three female patients developed large chronic CEH at 9 months, 5 years, and 6 years, respectively, after latissimus dorsi flap harvesting for breast reconstruction. Although the condition did not improve after multiple sessions of haematoma aspiration in the first two patients, it resolved following a single 40-mg triamcinolone injection along with appropriate compression dressing for several weeks. In the third patient, triamcinolone was injected immediately after the initial aspiration of the haematoma, and the condition improved considerably. There were no side effects in any of the patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of successful treatment of large CEH using triamcinolone. Therefore, we suggest that triamcinolone injections be considered for the treatment of CEH.
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Maheswaraiah A, Rao LJ, Naidu KA. Anti-platelet activity of water dispersible curcuminoids in rat platelets. Phytother Res 2015; 29:450-8. [PMID: 25572959 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Curcuminoids are active principle of turmeric with plethora of health beneficial properties. In this study, we have evaluated for the first time the effect of water dispersible curcuminoids on rat platelet aggregation. Curcuminoids (10-30 µg/mL) significantly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by agonists viz., collagen, ADP and arachidonic acid. Curcuminoids were found to be two-fold more potent than curcumin in inhibiting platelet aggregation. Intracellular curcuminoid concentration was relatively higher than curcumin in rat platelets. Curcuminoids significantly attenuated thromboxane A2 , serotonin levels in rat platelets which play an important role in platelet aggregation. Curcuminoid treatment increased nitric oxide (NO) levels in platelets treated with agonists. Curcuminoids inhibited free radicals such as superoxide anion released from activated platelets, which ultimately inhibits platelet aggregation. Further, curcuminoids inhibited 12-lipoxygenase activity and formation of 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HPETE) in activated rat platelets which regulates platelet aggregation. The results suggest that curcuminoids have remarkable anti-platelet activity by modulating multiple mechanisms involved in platelet aggregation. Thus curcuminoids may have a therapeutic potential to prevent platelet activation related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikisetty Maheswaraiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020, India
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Ren S, Qian S, Wang W, Liu J, Liu P. Prospective study of sarpogrelate hydrochloride on patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 19:30-4. [PMID: 23364237 DOI: 10.5761/atcs.oa.12.02061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of sarpogrelate for patients with atherosclerotic obliterans (ASO). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with ASO were randomly divided into sarpogrelate group (n = 92) and control group (n = 84). The patients in sarpogrelate group received sarpogrelate (100 mg, tid), whereas in control group aspirin (100 mg, qd) was administered orally. The patients were followed up monthly to observe any side effect of medication. Clinical manifestation, painless walking distance, Rutherford type and ankle brachial Index (ABI) were studied. RESULTS In comparison with control group, the severity of pain, Rutherford type 0 and 1 were improved with statistic significance. Incidence of patients with intermittent claudication decreased from 56.6% before treatment to 28.3% after treatment; the painless walking distance was prolonged (116.3 ± 72.3m vs. 243.5 ± 175.3m, P <0.001); ABI values were increased (0.74 ± 0.17 vs. 0.86 ± 0.18; p <0.001). No side effect of medication was observed. CONCLUSION Sarpogrelate has a therapeutic effect on patients with atherosclerotic obliterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Ren
- Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, the Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
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Liu FC, Liou JT, Liao HR, Mao CC, Yang P, Day YJ. The anti-aggregation effects of ondansetron on platelets involve IP3 signaling and MAP kinase pathway, but not 5-HT3-dependent pathway. Thromb Res 2012; 130:e84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tamura A, Watanabe T, Shinozaki K, Kotoku M, Yano S, Kadota J. Comparison of sarpogrelate and ticlopidine in bare metal coronary stent implantation. Int J Cardiol 2008; 126:79-83. [PMID: 17507105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.03.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Revised: 02/19/2007] [Accepted: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of sarpogrelate, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtype 2A antagonist, have not yet been established in bare metal coronary stenting. Accordingly, we sought to clarify whether treatment with sarpogrelate is clinically useful in bare metal coronary stenting. METHODS A total of 450 patients who underwent successfully planned or unplanned bare metal coronary stenting were randomly divided into the following 2 groups: the sarpogrelate (300 mg/day) plus aspirin (100 mg/day) group (group S, n=225) and the ticlopidine (200 mg/day) plus aspirin (100 mg/day) group (group T, n=225). Either sarpogrelate or ticlopidine was administered for at least 4 weeks after the procedure. Follow-up coronary arteriography was performed at 6 months after the procedure. The primary endpoints were the incidence of adverse drug reactions requiring a withdrawal of treatment and the rate of binary restenosis. The secondary endpoint was the incidence of stent thrombosis. RESULTS The incidence of adverse drug reactions requiring a withdrawal of treatment was significantly lower in group S than in group T (0.44% vs 8%, p=0.002). The rate of binary restenosis did not differ significantly between groups S and T (16.9% vs 18.2%). In addition, the incidence of subacute stent thrombosis did not differ between groups S and T (0.44% vs 0.44%). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of adverse drug reactions requiring a withdrawal of treatment was significantly lower with sarpogrelate use than with ticlopidine use. The rate of binary restenosis and the incidence of subacute stent thrombosis did not differ between both drug groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Tamura
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
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Kato H, Takai S, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Adachi S, Minamitani C, Otsuka T, Tokuda H, Akamatsu S, Doi T, Ogura S, Kozawa O. HSP27 phosphorylation is correlated with ADP-induced platelet granule secretion. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008; 475:80-6. [PMID: 18471985 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) plays a crucial role in hemostasis and thrombosis by activating platelets. ADP has been reported to induce heat-shock protein (HSP) 27 phosphorylation in human platelets. However, the exact role of HSP27 phosphorylation in human platelets has not yet been clarified. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms and the roles of ADP-induced HSP27 phosphorylation in human platelets. We showed for the first time that both of decreased phosphorylation levels of HSP27 by PD98059, a MEK1/2 inhibitor and SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor were correlated with the suppressed levels of platelet granule secretion but not with platelet aggregation. Furthermore, the inhibition of either the p44/p42 MAPK or p38 MAPK pathways had no effect on ADP-induced platelet aggregation. These results strongly suggest that the ADP-induced phosphorylation of HSP27 via p44/p42 MAPK and/or p38 MAPK is therefore sufficient for platelet granule secretion but not for platelet aggregation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaaki Kato
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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Uchiyama S, Ozaki Y, Satoh K, Kondo K, Nishimaru K. Effect of Sarpogrelate, a 5-HT 2A Antagonist, on Platelet Aggregation in Patients with Ischemic Stroke: Clinical-Pharmacological Dose-Response Study. Cerebrovasc Dis 2007; 24:264-70. [PMID: 17622759 DOI: 10.1159/000105135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It is widely accepted that antiplatelet therapy is effective for secondary prevention of atherosclerotic vascular diseases. We performed a double-blind, controlled clinical-pharmacological study to investigate the antiplatelet efficacy of sarpogrelate, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT(2A)) receptor antagonist, in patients with ischemic stroke, using a new assessment system employing combinations of 5-HT and epinephrine as agonists. METHODS Forty-seven patients with ischemic stroke were randomly assigned to three groups: 15 patients received 25 mg sarpogrelate (group L), 16 patients received 50 mg (group M), and 15 patients received 100 mg (group H) orally, three times daily for 7 days. The effect was expressed as maximum intensity of platelet aggregation on the last day of medication. Two combinations of agonists, 0.5 micromol/l 5-HT plus 3 micromol/l epinephrine, and 1 micromol/l 5-HT plus 3 micromol/l epinephrine, were used to induce platelet aggregation. RESULTS With both combinations of agonists, sarpogrelate treatment inhibited platelet aggregation dose-dependently (p < 0.025, Jonckheere test). In multiple-group comparison, the effect in group H was greater than that in group L or M (p < 0.025, Wilcoxon rank-sum test). CONCLUSION Sarpogrelate treatment inhibited platelet aggregation dose-dependently in patients with ischemic stroke, as judged by a new assessment system employing combinations of 5-HT and epinephrine as agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Uchiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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