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Lu X, Wang Z, Ye D, Feng Y, Liu M, Xu Y, Wang M, Zhang J, Liu J, Zhao M, Xu S, Ye J, Wan J. The Role of CXC Chemokines in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:765768. [PMID: 35668739 PMCID: PMC9163960 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.765768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases with high disability and mortality rates. In the elderly population, the incidence of cardiovascular disease is increasing annually. Between 1990 and 2016, the age-standardised prevalence of CVD in China significantly increased by 14.7%, and the number of cardiovascular disease deaths increased from 2.51 million to 3.97 million. Much research has indicated that cardiovascular disease is closely related to inflammation, immunity, injury and repair. Chemokines, which induce directed chemotaxis of reactive cells, are divided into four subfamilies: CXC, CC, CX3C, and XC. As cytokines, CXC chemokines are similarly involved in inflammation, immunity, injury, and repair and play a role in many cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion injury, hypertension, aortic aneurysm, cardiac fibrosis, postcardiac rejection, and atrial fibrillation. Here, we explored the relationship between the chemokine CXC subset and cardiovascular disease and its mechanism of action with the goal of further understanding the onset of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Ye
- *Correspondence: Jing Ye, ; Jun Wan,
| | - Jun Wan
- *Correspondence: Jing Ye, ; Jun Wan,
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2
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Liu X, Zhong G, Li W, Zeng Y, Wu M. The Construction and Comprehensive Analysis of a ceRNA Immunoregulatory Network and Tissue-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Atrial Fibrillation. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:9051-9066. [PMID: 34876841 PMCID: PMC8643171 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s338797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At present, the mechanisms behind atrial fibrillation (AF) pathogenesis are still unclear. We construct a ceRNA immunoregulatory network to further understand the mechanism of AF. Methods Four AF mRNA datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were integrated by SVA method. AF-related immune genes (AF-IRGs) were selected via combining ImmPort database with the genes in the module most associated with AF obtained by a weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Then, circRNA and miRNA expressions from the GEO database were extracted and mapped with related databases. Next, an immune-related circRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network was constructed and hub genes were filtered from a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, and the differentially expressed (DE) hub genes in AF were further screened. Additionally, immune infiltration was investigated in AF by using CIBERSORT. Subsequently, the relationships between DE hub genes and AF-related infiltrating immune cells were performed by using Pearson correlation coefficients. Ulteriorly, the immune-cells-related ceRNA subnetwork in AF was built. Results A total of 95 AF-IRGs were detected, and an immune-related ceRNA network in AF was constructed with 12 circRNAs, 7 miRNAs and 50 mRNAs. The immune infiltration analysis indicated that a higher level of neutrophils, as well as a lower level of T cells regulatory (Tregs) and NK cells activated in AF. Four DE hub genes (CXCL12, IL7R, TNFSF13B, CD8A) were associated with Tregs or NK cells activated immune cells (P < 0.05). Tregs or NK cells activated immune cells-related ceRNA subnetwork including 5 circRNAs (has_circ_0001190, has_circ_0006725, has_circ_0079284, has_circ_0005299, and has_circ_0002103), 4 miRNAs (has-miR-198, has-miR-623, has-miR-1246, and has-miR-339-3p) and 4 DE hub genes was eventually constructed in AF. Conclusion Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms governing AF progression from the perspective of immune-related ceRNA network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Guangxi Cardiovascular Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqian Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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3
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Gatsiou A, Sopova K, Tselepis A, Stellos K. Interleukin-17A Triggers the Release of Platelet-Derived Factors Driving Vascular Endothelial Cells toward a Pro-Angiogenic State. Cells 2021; 10:1855. [PMID: 34440624 PMCID: PMC8392697 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets comprise a highly interactive immune cell subset of the circulatory system traditionally known for their unique haemostatic properties. Although platelets are considered as a vault of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines with pivotal role in vascular regeneration and angiogenesis, the exact mechanisms by which they influence vascular endothelial cells (ECs) function remain underappreciated. In the present study, we examined the role of human IL-17A/IL-17RA axis in platelet-mediated pro-angiogenic responses. We reveal that IL-17A receptor (IL-17RA) mRNA is present in platelets transcriptome and a profound increase is documented on the surface of activated platelets. By quantifying the protein levels of several factors, involved in angiogenesis, we identified that IL-17A/IL17RA axis selectively induces the release of vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin -2 and -4, as well as monocyte chemoattractant protein -1 from treated platelets. However, IL-17A exerted no effect on the release of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory factor with potentially anti-angiogenic properties, from platelets. Treatment of human endothelial cell two-dimensional tubule networks or three-dimensional spheroid and mouse aortic ring structures with IL-17A-induced platelet releasate evoked pro-angiogenic responses of ECs. Our findings suggest that IL-17A may critically affect platelet release of pro-angiogenic factors driving ECs towards a pro-angiogenic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Gatsiou
- RNA Metabolism and Vascular Inflammation Group, Center of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.G.); (K.S.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Atherothrombosis Research Center, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Kateryna Sopova
- RNA Metabolism and Vascular Inflammation Group, Center of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.G.); (K.S.)
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Alexandros Tselepis
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Atherothrombosis Research Center, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- RNA Metabolism and Vascular Inflammation Group, Center of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.G.); (K.S.)
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
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Ngamsri KC, Jans C, Putri RA, Schindler K, Gamper-Tsigaras J, Eggstein C, Köhler D, Konrad FM. Inhibition of CXCR4 and CXCR7 Is Protective in Acute Peritoneal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:407. [PMID: 32210974 PMCID: PMC7076176 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies revealed a pivotal role of the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 on migratory behavior of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) in pulmonary inflammation. Thereby, the SDF-1-CXCR4/CXCR7-axis was linked with adenosine signaling. However, the role of the SDF-1 receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 in acute inflammatory peritonitis and peritonitis-related sepsis still remained unknown. The presented study provides new insight on the mechanism of a selective inhibition of CXCR4 (AMD3100) and CXCR7 (CCX771) in two models of peritonitis and peritonitis-related sepsis by injection of zymosan and fecal solution. We observed an increased expression of SDF-1, CXCR4, and CXCR7 in peritoneal tissue and various organs during acute inflammatory peritonitis. Selective inhibition of CXCR4 and CXCR7 reduced PMN accumulation in the peritoneal fluid and infiltration of neutrophils in lung and liver tissue in both models. Both inhibitors had no anti-inflammatory effects in A2B knockout animals (A2B–/–). AMD3100 and CCX771 treatment reduced capillary leakage and increased formation of tight junctions as a marker for microvascular permeability in wild type animals. In contrast, both inhibitors failed to improve capillary leakage in A2B–/– animals, highlighting the impact of the A2B-receptor in SDF-1 mediated signaling. After inflammation, the CXCR4 and CXCR7 antagonist induced an enhanced expression of the protective A2B adenosine receptor and an increased activation of cAMP (cyclic adenosine mono phosphate) response element-binding protein (CREB), as downstream signaling pathway of A2B. The CXCR4- and CXCR7-inhibitor reduced the release of cytokines in wild type animals via decreased intracellular phosphorylation of ERK and NFκB p65. In vitro, CXCR4 and CXCR7 antagonism diminished the chemokine release of human cells and increased cellular integrity by enhancing the expression of tight junctions. These protective effects were linked with functional A2B-receptor signaling, confirming our in vivo data. In conclusion, our study revealed new protective aspects of the pharmacological modulation of the SDF-1-CXCR4/CXCR7-axis during acute peritoneal inflammation in terms of the two hallmarks PMN migration and barrier integrity. Both anti-inflammatory effects were linked with functional adenosine A2B-receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian-Christos Ngamsri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Jans
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rizki A Putri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Schindler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jutta Gamper-Tsigaras
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Eggstein
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Köhler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska M Konrad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Zacharia E, Papageorgiou N, Ioannou A, Siasos G, Papaioannou S, Vavuranakis M, Latsios G, Vlachopoulos C, Toutouzas K, Deftereos S, Providência R, Tousoulis D. Inflammatory Biomarkers in Atrial Fibrillation. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:837-854. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170727103357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During the last few years, a significant number of studies have attempted to clarify
the underlying mechanisms that lead to the presentation of atrial fibrillation (AF). Inflammation
is a key component of the pathophysiological processes that lead to the development
of AF; the amplification of inflammatory pathways triggers AF, and, in tandem, AF
increases the inflammatory state. Indeed, the plasma levels of several inflammatory biomarkers
are elevated in patients with AF. In addition, the levels of specific inflammatory
biomarkers may provide information regarding to the AF duration. Several small studies
have assessed the role of anti-inflammatory treatment in atrial fibrillation but the results
have been contradictory. Large-scale studies are needed to evaluate the role of inflammation
in AF and whether anti-inflammatory medications should be routinely administered to
patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effimia Zacharia
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Papaioannou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Vavuranakis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Latsios
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Toutouzas
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Rui Providência
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Nuqali A, Shafiq Q, Syed MM, Sheikh M. A Suspected Case of Acute Embolic Myocardial Infarction Following Direct-Current Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2018; 19:1306-1310. [PMID: 30385736 PMCID: PMC6699203 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.911469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 66 Final Diagnosis: A suspected case of acute embolic myocardial infarction following direct current cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Symptoms: Exertional shortness of breath Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Direct current cardioversion Specialty: Cardiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulelah Nuqali
- Department of Internal Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Qaiser Shafiq
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Mubbasher M Syed
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Mujeeb Sheikh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
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7
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Influence of aflibercept on platelet activation profile. Exp Eye Res 2018; 175:166-172. [PMID: 29908884 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aflibercept appears to accumulate in systemic circulation following intravitreal injections in therapy of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. This gives raise to the question of whether aflibercept affects platelets and their function such as activation and aggregation, which are substantial in the pathogenesis of an arterial thromboembolic event (ATE). In order to determine the effect of aflibercept in platelet activation, platelets from healthy volunteers were treated with aflibercept and its solvents at equal concentrations (0.04 μg/mL - 4 μg/mL - 40 μg/mL - 400 μg/mL - 4 mg/mL) for 10 and 30 min before addition of agonists. IgG1 antibody was used as a control. The surface expression of GPIIb/IIIa, P-selectin, and platelet-bound stromal-cell-derived factor-1, which are potential blood biomarkers for ATEs, was determined on resting and activated platelets by the multispectral imaging flow cytometry, combining the features of flow cytometry with fluorescence microscopy. Platelet aggregation was assessed with light transmission aggregometry. To determine whether aflibercept directly interacts with platelets, aflibercept was labeled with the fluorescence FITC. Co-treatment of platelets with thrombin or PAR-4-AP and aflibercept resulted in increased activation of the fibrinogen receptor GPIIb/IIIa in comparison to controls (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the expression of platelet-derived P-selectin and SDF-1 was not affected by aflibercept, except thrombin-activated CD62P with 0.04 μg/mL aflibercept (aflibercept vs. its solvent: MSI = 1.54, IC = 1.201-1.879 vs. MSI = 1.37, IC = 1.136-1.604 [P = 0.031]) and SDF-1 with 4 mg/mL aflibercept (aflibercept vs. its solvent: MSI = 1.971, IC = 1.206-2.737 vs. MSI = 1.200, IC = 0.738-1.662 [P = 0.041]). Although the levels of platelet-bound aflibercept-FITC were significantly increased in all activated platelets, no effect was observed in platelet aggregation. Albeit no impact of aflibercept was found on platelet aggregation under the studied experimental conditions, the increased activation of the fibrinogen receptor GPIIb/IIIa and the presence of a direct interaction between aflibercept and platelets may partially explain the risk of ATE in patients under aflibercept treatment due to FcγRIIa mediated αIIbβ3 outside-in integrin signaling and transport of aflibercept into platelets. Therefore, the Fc domain seems to be involved in interactions between aflibercept and platelets. Further research is needed to explain the role of Fc containing aflibercept in the pathogenesis of drug-associated vascular events involving platelets, coagulation cascade, extracellular matrix proteins and other cells.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation markers have been associated with cardiovascular diseases including atrial fibrillation. This arrhythmia is the most frequent, with an incidence of 38/1000 person-years. PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aims of this study are to discuss the association between inflammation, atherosclerosis and atrial fibrillation and its clinical implications. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and inflammation is a triggering factor of atherosclerotic plaque rupture. In addition to coronary artery disease, clinical conditions identified as risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) are also associated with the inflammatory state such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart failure, metabolic syndrome and sedentary lifestyle. Biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, coagulation, and myocardial necrosis have been identified in patients with atrial fibrillation and these traditional risk factors. Some markers of inflammation were identified as predictors of recurrence of this arrhythmia, subsequent myocardial infarction, stroke by embolism, and death. Thus, approaches to manipulate the inflammatory pathways may be therapeutic interventions, benefiting patients with AF and increased inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Mary Ferreira Lisboa da Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenue Alfredo Balena, 190, room 246, Centro, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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9
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The potential role of platelets in the consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 36:273-288. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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SDF-1α/CXCR4 Signaling in Lipid Rafts Induces Platelet Aggregation via PI3 Kinase-Dependent Akt Phosphorylation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169609. [PMID: 28072855 PMCID: PMC5224795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α)-induced platelet aggregation is mediated through its G protein-coupled receptor CXCR4 and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K). Here, we demonstrate that SDF-1α induces phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308 and Ser473 in human platelets. SDF-1α-induced platelet aggregation and Akt phosphorylation are inhibited by pretreatment with the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 or the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. SDF-1α also induces the phosphorylation of PDK1 at Ser241 (an upstream activator of Akt), GSK3β at Ser9 (a downstream substrate of Akt), and myosin light chain at Ser19 (a downstream element of the Akt signaling pathway). SDF-1α-induced platelet aggregation is inhibited by pretreatment with the Akt inhibitor MK-2206 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, SDF-1α-induced platelet aggregation and Akt phosphorylation are inhibited by pretreatment with the raft-disrupting agent methyl-β-cyclodextrin. Sucrose density gradient analysis shows that 35% of CXCR4, 93% of the heterotrimeric G proteins Gαi-1, 91% of Gαi-2, 50% of Gβ and 4.0% of PI3Kβ, and 4.5% of Akt2 are localized in the detergent-resistant membrane raft fraction. These findings suggest that SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling in lipid rafts induces platelet aggregation via PI3K-dependent Akt phosphorylation.
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Li D, Bjørnager L, Langkilde A, Andersen O, Jøns C, Agner BFR, Dixen U, Landex NL. Stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α): A marker of disease burden in patients with atrial fibrillation. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2015; 50:36-41. [PMID: 26441035 DOI: 10.3109/14017431.2015.1103892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stromal cell-derived factor 1a (SDF-1α), is a chemokine and is able to home hematopoietic progenitor cells to injured areas of heart tissue for structural repair. Previous studies have found increased levels of SDF-1α in several cardiac diseases, but only few studies have investigated SDF-1α in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to test SDF-1α in a large cohort of patients with AF and its role as a prognostic marker. DESIGN Between January 1st 2008 to December 1st 2012, 290 patients with ECG documented AF were enrolled from the in- and outpatient clinics at the Department of Cardiology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark. Plasma levels of SDF-1α were measured using ELISA technique. Clinical data were registered and patient follow-up was conducted. RESULTS Patients with permanent AF had significantly higher SDF-1α levels (2199.5 pg/ml) than the patients with paroxysmal AF (1982.0 pg/ml) and persistent AF (1906.0 pg/ml), p < 0.0005. Higher SDF-1α level was associated with longer time spent in the hospital per readmission, p < 0.05. CONCLUSION In AF patients, a higher SDF-1α level was found in patients with a more progressive state of arrhythmia and was associated with longer hospitalizations. These findings suggest that SDF-1α could prove valuable in risk stratification and evaluating the disease burden in AF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Li
- a Department of Cardiology , Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Hvidovre , Denmark
| | - Louise Bjørnager
- a Department of Cardiology , Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Hvidovre , Denmark
| | - Anne Langkilde
- b Clinical Research Centre, Hvidovre Hospital , Hvidovre , Denmark
| | - Ove Andersen
- b Clinical Research Centre, Hvidovre Hospital , Hvidovre , Denmark
| | - Christian Jøns
- c Department of Cardiology , Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Bue F R Agner
- a Department of Cardiology , Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Hvidovre , Denmark
| | - Ulrik Dixen
- a Department of Cardiology , Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Hvidovre , Denmark
| | - Nadia L Landex
- d Department of Cardiology , Roskilde University Hospital , Roskilde , Denmark
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12
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Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. However, the development of preventative therapies for AF has been disappointing. The infiltration of immune cells and proteins that mediate the inflammatory response in cardiac tissue and circulatory processes is associated with AF. Furthermore, the presence of inflammation in the heart or systemic circulation can predict the onset of AF and recurrence in the general population, as well as in patients after cardiac surgery, cardioversion, and catheter ablation. Mediators of the inflammatory response can alter atrial electrophysiology and structural substrates, thereby leading to increased vulnerability to AF. Inflammation also modulates calcium homeostasis and connexins, which are associated with triggers of AF and heterogeneous atrial conduction. Myolysis, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and the activation of fibrotic pathways via fibroblasts, transforming growth factor-β and matrix metalloproteases are also mediated by inflammatory pathways, which can all contribute to structural remodelling of the atria. The development of thromboembolism, a detrimental complication of AF, is also associated with inflammatory activity. Understanding the complex pathophysiological processes and dynamic changes of AF-associated inflammation might help to identify specific anti-inflammatory strategies for the prevention of AF.
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13
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Tsaknis G, Tsangaris I, Ikonomidis I, Tsantes A. Clinical usefulness of novel serum and imaging biomarkers in risk stratification of patients with stable angina. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:831364. [PMID: 25045198 PMCID: PMC4087263 DOI: 10.1155/2014/831364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory mediators appear to be the most intriguing yet confusing subject, regarding the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The current inflammatory concept of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) led many investigators to concentrate on systemic markers of inflammation, as well as imaging techniques, which may be helpful in risk stratification and prognosis assessment for cardiovascular events. In this review, we try to depict many of the recently studied markers regarding stable angina (SA), their clinical usefulness, and possible future applications in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tsaknis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester, Groby Road, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
- Second Department of Critical Care Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens, Medical School, 1 Rimini Street, Haidari, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Iraklis Tsangaris
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester, Groby Road, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Ignatios Ikonomidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens, Medical School, 1 Rimini Street, Haidari, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Argirios Tsantes
- Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens, Medical School, 1 Rimini Street, Haidari, 12462 Athens, Greece
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14
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Wurster T, Tegtmeyer R, Borst O, Rath D, Geisler T, Gawaz M, Bigalke B. Platelet expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 is associated with the degree of valvular aortic stenosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97405. [PMID: 24834915 PMCID: PMC4023969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Platelet surface expression of stromal-cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is increased during platelet activation and constitutes an important factor in hematopoetic progenitor cell trafficking at sites of vascular injury and ischemia. Enhanced platelet SDF-1 expression has been reported previously in patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We hypothesized that expression of platelet associated SDF-1 may also be influenced by calcified valvular aortic stenosis (AS). Methods We consecutively evaluated 941 patients, who were admitted to the emergency department with dyspnea and chest pain. Platelet surface expression of SDF-1 was determined by flow cytometry, AS was assessed using echocardiography and hemodynamic assessment by heart catheterization. A 1∶1 propensity score matching was implemented to match 218 cases with 109 pairs adjusting for age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, and medication including ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta blockers, statins, aspirin, clopidogrel, GPIIb/IIIa antagonists, and vitamin K antagonists. Results Patients with valvular AS showed enhanced platelet SDF-1 expression compared to patients without AS (non-valvular disease, NV) independent of ACS and stable coronary artery disease (SAP) [mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) for ACS (AS vs. NV): 75±40.4 vs. 39.5±23.3; P = 0.002; for SAP (AS vs. NV): 54.9±44.6 vs. 24.3±11.2; P = 0.008]. Moreover, the degree of AS significantly correlated with SDF-1 platelet surface expression (r = 0.462; P = 0.002). Conclusions Valvular AS is associated with enhanced platelet-SDF-1 expression; moreover the degree of valvular AS correlates with SDF-1 platelet surface expression. These findings may have clinical implications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wurster
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roland Tegtmeyer
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Borst
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Rath
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Geisler
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Boris Bigalke
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany; King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Despite their small size and anucleate status, platelets have diverse roles in vascular biology. Not only are platelets the cellular mediator of thrombosis, but platelets are also immune cells that initiate and accelerate many vascular inflammatory conditions. Platelets are linked to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, malaria infection, transplant rejection, and rheumatoid arthritis. In some contexts, platelet immune functions are protective, whereas in others platelets contribute to adverse inflammatory outcomes. In this review, we will discuss platelet and platelet-derived mediator interactions with the innate and acquired arms of the immune system and platelet-vessel wall interactions that drive inflammatory disease. There have been many recent publications indicating both important protective and adverse roles for platelets in infectious disease. Because of this new accumulating data, and the fact that infectious disease continues to be a leading cause of death globally, we will also focus on new and emerging concepts related to platelet immune and inflammatory functions in the context of infectious disease.
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Chatterjee M, Gawaz M. Platelet-derived CXCL12 (SDF-1α): basic mechanisms and clinical implications. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:1954-67. [PMID: 24024928 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are a major source of CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor -1α, SDF-1α) and store CXCL12 as part of their α-granule secretome. Platelet activation enhances surface expression and release of CXCL12. Platelets and megakaryocytes express CXCR4, the major receptor for CXCL12, and interaction of CXCL12 with CXCR4 regulates megakaryopoiesis and the function of circulating platelets. Platelet-derived CXCL12 also modulates paracrine mechanisms such as chemotaxis, adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of nucleated cells, including progenitor cells. Platelet-derived CXCL12 enhances peripheral recruitment of progenitor cells to the sites of vascular and tissue injury both in vitro and in vivo and thereby promotes repair mechanisms. CXCL12 expression on platelets is elevated in patients with acute myocardial infarction, correlates with the number of circulating progenitor cells, is associated with preservation of myocardial function and is an independent predictor of clinical outcome. Administration of recombinant CXCL12 reduces infarct size following transient ischemia in mice. The present review summarizes the role of platelet-derived CXCL12 in cardiovascular biology and its diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chatterjee
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany
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Rath D, Chatterjee M, Borst O, Müller K, Stellos K, Mack AF, Bongartz A, Bigalke B, Langer H, Schwab M, Gawaz M, Geisler T. Expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 on circulating platelets of patients with acute coronary syndrome and association with left ventricular functional recovery. Eur Heart J 2013; 35:386-94. [PMID: 24168792 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surface expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) on platelets is enhanced during ischaemic events and might play an important role in peripheral homing and myocardial repair. As SDF-1 effects are mediated through CXCR4/CXCR7, we investigated platelet expression of SDF-1/CXCR4/CXCR7 in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS AND RESULTS Expression of SDF-1, CXCR4, and CXCR7 in platelets was investigated by western blot analysis, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry among healthy subjects and patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and stable CAD. In a cohort study, platelet surface expression of CXCR4, CXCR7, and SDF-1 was measured in 215 patients with symptomatic CAD (stable CAD = 112, ACS = 103) at the time of percutaneous coronary intervention. Course of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was followed up during intrahospital stay and at 3 months. Both CXCR4 and CXCR7 are surface expressed on human platelets and to a higher degree in CAD patients when compared with healthy controls. Platelet surface expression of CXCR7 but not CXCR4 was enhanced in patients with ACS when compared with patients with stable CAD (mean fluorescence intensity 17.8 vs. 15.3, P = 0.004 and 29.0 vs. 26.3, P = 0.122, respectively). CXCR4 and CXCR7 significantly correlated with their ligand SDF-1 on platelets (ρ = 0.273, P < 0.001 and ρ = 0.454, P < 0.001, respectively). Additionally, high CXCR7 expression above the median correlated with the absolute improvement of LVEF% after 5 days and 3 months (46.2, 49.8, 53.7; P = 0.003). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that platelet surface expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 might differentially contribute to SDF-1-mediated effects on regenerative mechanisms following ACS. Studies are warranted to further evaluate the regulatory mechanisms of CXCR4/-7 expression and its prognostic impact on CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Rath
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Jorbenadze R, Schleicher E, Bigalke B, Stellos K, Gawaz M. Expression of platelet-bound stromal-cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and number of CD34+progenitor cells in patients with congestive heart failure. Platelets 2013; 25:409-15. [DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2013.829913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Stakos DA, Gatsiou A, Stamatelopoulos K, Tselepis AD, Stellos K. Platelet microRNAs: From platelet biology to possible disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Platelets 2012; 24:579-89. [PMID: 22994623 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2012.724483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although anucleated, platelets contain megakaryocyte-derived messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) which can be translated to produce protein molecules. Recently, platelets have been found to contain small (∼23 base pair) non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from hairpin-like precursors. MiRNAs can specifically silence their mRNA targets regulating mRNA translation. Platelet miRNAs are reported to bind to important platelet target mRNAs involved in platelet reactivity including P2Y12 ADP receptor, GPIIb receptor, and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A. They also regulate important functions such as platelet shape change, granules secretion, and platelet activation. Platelet miRNAs were also proposed as biomarkers of arteriosclerosis, although their role in vascular inflammation needs to be elucidated. Further, the possibility of using miRNAs as therapeutic tools has emerged. Using synthetic oligo-nucleotides that antagonize miRNAs binding to their mRNAs-targets or synthetic miRNAs mimics that enhance endogenous miRNAs function potentially will ultimately lead to the manipulation of platelet miRNAs expression and function with significant effects on specific protein levels and overall platelet reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios A Stakos
- Cardiology Clinic, Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis , Greece
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