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Jung A, Heinrichs N. Coding Dyadic Behavior in Caregiver-Child Interaction from a Clinical Psychology Perspective: How Should Multiple Instruments and Outcomes Be Dealt with? CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1765. [PMID: 38002856 PMCID: PMC10670483 DOI: 10.3390/children10111765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The experiences children have in the interactions with their caregivers influence their developmental outcomes. To target caregiving and optimize intervention effects, the assessment of caregiver-child interactions is highly relevant for families affected by parental mental disorders. Behavioral observation is a widely used method for assessing family dynamics, and the literature offers a wide variety of instruments with which to code such data. However, a structured overview of behavioral observation instruments (BOIs) is lacking, and the multitude of types of dyadic behaviors (DBs) assessed within each BOI are complicating their application. We aim to provide an overview of the BOIs applied to families affected by mental disorders and suggest a DB taxonomy that may be used across BOIs. We first conducted a systemic literature search to identify the most frequently used BOIs and the DBs they capture in clinical psychology. Second, we asked 13 experts to sort DB terms based on perceived conceptual similarity and analyzed these results using multidimensional scaling. We found approximately 450 different terms for DBs, and we argue that DBs can be classified within two overarching dimensions, i.e., in terms of structure and in terms of reaction to a child's signals. These efforts can facilitate the coding and application of BOIs in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Jung
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nina Heinrichs
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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Kudinova AY, Woody ML, James KM, Burkhouse KL, Feurer C, Foster CE, Gibb BE. Maternal major depression and synchrony of facial affect during mother-child interactions. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 128:284-294. [PMID: 31045411 PMCID: PMC7034770 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Maternal history of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) dramatically increases children's risk for developing depression, highlighting the critical need for further research on the specific processes involved in the intergenerational transmission of depression. Although previous research suggests that maternal depression may adversely affect the quality of mother-child interactions, less is known about the role of maternal MDD in the moment-to-moment changes in affect that occur during these interactions. The goal of this project, therefore, was to examine synchrony of facial displays of affect during a positive (Vacation Planning) and a negative (Issues Discussion) mother-child interaction, and how this synchrony may be impacted by maternal history of MDD. In doing so, we examined both concurrent and lagged synchrony of facial affect. We recruited 341 mother-child dyads (child average age = 9.30 years; 50.1% girls; 71.6% Caucasian) with and without a maternal history of MDD. Facial electromyography (EMG), continuously recorded during those tasks, was used to index mother and child facial affect. We found that a maternal history of MDD was associated with reduced concurrent synchrony and lagged synchrony (mother facial affect predicting changes in child facial affect) of positive affect during Vacation Planning. Reduced concurrent mother-child synchrony of positive affect during the discussion was also associated with an increase in child self-reported sad affect from before to after the discussion. These findings provide promising initial evidence for how the dynamic exchange of positive affect during mother-child interactions may be disrupted in families with maternal MDD history. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary L. Woody
- Binghamton University (SUNY),Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
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Bassett H, Lampe J, Lloyd C. Living with under-Fives: A Programme for Parents with a Mental Illness. Br J Occup Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/030802260106400105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Parenthood is considered a major life role. Yet for people with a major mental illness, it is one that is fraught with difficulties and for which they receive the least support. Research on parenting and parenting programmes for people with a major mental illness is sparse and most of the papers presented do not provide a working model that can be easily replicated. This lack of support for parents or knowledge of working parenting programmes has often resulted in children being placed in care. Occupational therapists working in an Australian mental health service developed a two-stream programme which aimed to consolidate the parent/child relationship and enable the parents to develop effective parenting skills. This programme has a parents' educational stream and a stream with developmentally appropriate activities for the children. Observed outcomes have included the parents becoming more responsive to their children, increased treatment compliance, improved community access, and a decrease in the number of children in temporary foster care.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental communication deviance (CD) has long been suggested as a potential risk factor for the development of psychosis and thought disorder in genetically sensitive offspring. However, the findings of the studies on the prevalence of CD in parents of psychotic patients have never been submitted to quantitative synthesis. METHOD PsycINFO was searched from January 1959 to January 2012 for studies on the prevalence of CD in parents of psychotic patients. This search was supplemented with the results from a much larger systematic search (PsycINFO, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science) on childhood trauma and psychosis. RESULTS A total of 20 retrieved studies (n = 1753 parents) yielded a pooled g of large magnitude (0.97; 95% CI [0.76; 1.18]) with a significant amount of heterogeneity (Q = 33.63; P = .014; I (2) = 46.47). Subgroup and sensitivity analysis of methodological features (study's design, comparison group, diagnostic criteria, CD rating method, inter-rater reliability not reported, year of publication, and verbosity) and demographic characteristics (level of education or offspring's age) revealed that pooled effect size was stable and unlikely to have been affected by these features. CONCLUSION CD is highly prevalent in parents of psychotic offspring. This is discussed in the broader context of adoption and longitudinal studies that have reported a G × E interaction in the development of psychosis and thought disorder. A potential developmental mechanism is suggested to explain how CD may affect the developing offspring. The importance of further studies on CD and its potential value as a clinical concept are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo de Sousa
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK;
| | - Filippo Varese
- Division of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - William Sellwood
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Richard P. Bentall
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Maternal depressive symptoms and sensitivity are related to young children's facial expression recognition: the Generation R Study. Dev Psychopathol 2014; 26:333-45. [PMID: 24439036 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579413001028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A vast body of literature shows that maternal depression has long-term adverse consequences for children. However, only very few studies have documented the effect of maternal depression on children's ability to process emotional expressions and even fewer incorporated measures of observed maternal sensitivity to further tease apart whether it is the symptoms per se or the associated impact via maternal sensitivity that affects children's developing emotion-processing abilities. In a large community sample of Dutch preschoolers (N = 770), we examined independent and mediated effects of maternal depressive symptoms and sensitivity on children's ability to recognize emotional expressions using a nonverbal and a verbal task paradigm. Maternal depressive symptoms predicted less accurate emotion labeling in children, while maternal sensitivity was associated with more accurate emotion matching, especially for sadness and anger. Maternal sensitivity did not mediate the observed associations between mothers' depressive symptoms and children's emotion recognition, and effects were similar for boys and girls. Given that maternal depressive symptoms and sensitivity affected nonoverlapping areas of young children's emotion recognition, prevention and intervention efforts should focus on both alleviating maternal depressive symptoms and improving maternal sensitivity at the same time in order to maximize benefit.
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The Relation Between Co-rumination, Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Child Psychopathology. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-013-9342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Affective functioning among early adolescents at high and low familial risk for depression and their mothers: a focus on individual and transactional processes across contexts. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 39:1213-25. [PMID: 21744058 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-011-9540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize affective functioning in families of youth at high familial risk for depression, with particular attention to features of affective functioning that appear to be critical to adaptive functioning but have been underrepresented in prior research including: positive and negative affect across multiple contexts, individual and transactional processes, and affective flexibility. Interactions among early adolescents (ages 9-14) and their mothers were coded for affective behaviors across both positive and negative contexts. Primary analyses compared never-depressed youth at high (n = 44) and low (n = 57) familial risk for depression. The high risk group showed a relatively consistent pattern for low positive affect across negative and positive contexts at both the individual and transactional level. In contrast to prior studies focusing on negative contexts that did not support disruptions in negative affect among high risk youth, the data from this study suggest variability by context (i.e. increased negativity in a positive, but not negative, context), and individual vs. transactional processes (e.g., negative escalation). Findings are discussed in concert with attention to affect flexibility, contextual and transactional factors.
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Silk JS, Shaw DS, Prout JT, O'Rourke F, Lane TJ, Kovacs M. Socialization of Emotion and Offspring Internalizing Symptoms in Mothers with Childhood-Onset Depression. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 32:127-136. [PMID: 21607196 DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examines how mothers with and without a history of childhood-onset depression respond to their 3-9 year-old children's emotions. Mother-child dyads included 55 offspring of mothers with a history of childhood-onset depressive disorders and 57 offspring of never-depressed mothers. Mothers with a history of childhood depression were less likely than were control mothers to respond in supportive ways to their children's negative emotions and were more likely to magnify, punish, or neglect their children's negative emotions. Magnification, neglect, and punishment of children's negative emotions were concurrently associated with children's internalizing symptoms, and neglect and punishment were associated with internalizing over a one year follow-up. Maternal neglect of children's negative emotion was positively associated with later internalizing symptoms for children who already had higher internalizing symptoms at the initial assessment. Findings suggest that atypical socialization of emotion may be one mechanism in the development of internalizing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Saraceno L, Munafó M, Heron J, Craddock N, van den Bree MBM. Genetic and non-genetic influences on the development of co-occurring alcohol problem use and internalizing symptomatology in adolescence: a review. Addiction 2009; 104:1100-21. [PMID: 19438423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Alcohol problem use during adolescence has been linked to a variety of adverse consequences, including cigarette and illicit drug use, delinquency, adverse effects on pubertal brain development and increased risk of morbidity and mortality. In addition, heavy alcohol-drinking adolescents are at increased risk of comorbid psychopathology, including internalizing symptomatology (especially depression and anxiety). A range of genetic and non-genetic factors have been implicated in both alcohol problem use as well as internalizing symptomatology. However, to what extent shared risk factors contribute to their comorbidity in adolescence is poorly understood. DESIGN We conducted a systematic review on Medline, PsycINFO, Embase and Web of Science to identify epidemiological and molecular genetic studies published between November 1997 and November 2007 that examined risk factors that may be shared in common between alcohol problem use and internalizing symptomatology in adolescence. FINDINGS Externalizing disorders, family alcohol problems and stress, as well as the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) S-allele, the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) low-activity alleles and the dopamine D2 receptor (DDR2) Taq A1 allele have been associated most frequently with both traits. An increasing number of papers are focusing upon the role of gene-gene (epistasis) and gene-environment interactions in the development of comorbid alcohol problem use and internalizing symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS Further research in adolescents is warranted; the increasing availability of large longitudinal genetically informative studies will provide the evidence base from which effective prevention and intervention strategies for comorbid alcohol problems and internalizing symptomatology can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Saraceno
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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Ewell Foster CJ, Garber J, Durlak JA. Current and Past Maternal Depression, Maternal Interaction Behaviors, and Children’s Externalizing and Internalizing Symptoms. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2007; 36:527-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-007-9197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Johnson SL, McMurrich S. Life events and juvenile bipolar disorder: conceptual issues and early findings. Dev Psychopathol 2007; 18:1169-79. [PMID: 17064433 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579406060561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the psychosocial variables that might predict the course of child and adolescent bipolar disorder. In the literature on adult bipolar disorder, life events have been shown to be a major predictor of symptoms. In this review, we focus on studies of how life events influence the course of child and adolescent bipolar disorder. To begin, we review methodological considerations in life events research, and briefly summarize the findings regarding life events in adult bipolar disorder. Then, we discuss available studies on life events as a predictor of the course of juvenile bipolar disorder. We conclude with suggested directions for future research.
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Boyd RC, Zayas LH, McKee MD. Mother-Infant Interaction, Life Events and Prenatal and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms Among Urban Minority Women in Primary Care. Matern Child Health J 2006; 10:139-48. [PMID: 16397831 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-005-0042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 09/13/2005] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prenatal and postpartum depression are significant mental health problems that can have negative effects on mother-infant interactions. We examined the relationships among mother-infant interactions, depressive symptoms, life events, and breastfeeding of low-income urban African American and Hispanic women in primary care settings. METHODS Participants were 89 African American and Hispanic women who were part of a larger mental health intervention study conducted in community health centers. Questionnaire data on depression, as well as negative and positive life events, were collected during pregnancy and at three-months postpartum, while mother-infant interaction observations and breastfeeding practice were only collected at three-months postpartum. RESULTS The ratings of maternal behavior for 'depressed' mothers did not differ from 'nondepressed' mothers. Except for gaze aversion behavior, infants' behavior while interacting with their mothers did not differ by maternal depression level. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that maternal positive life events positively predicted infant interactional summary ratings, while maternal negative life events were inversely associated with maternal interactional summary ratings. CONCLUSIONS To improve services in primary care, perinatal screenings for depression can help identify those women most at risk. When follow-up use of structured diagnostic instruments is not possible or cost-effective, clinician assessment of severity of depression will determine women with clinical levels of depression. Reducing negative life events is beyond the control of women or clinicians but cognitive interventions to help women focus on positive life events can reduce the deleterious effects of depression on mothers and their infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda C Boyd
- Department of Psychiatry, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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Barak A, Miron O. Writing characteristics of suicidal people on the Internet: a psychological investigation of emerging social environments. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2005; 35:507-24. [PMID: 16268768 DOI: 10.1521/suli.2005.35.5.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Three studies were carried out to investigate the writings of suicidal people on the Internet, hypothesizing consistent findings to equivalent research of offline writing. In Study 1, suicidal persons' (n = 34) attributions as the cause of their condition, as expressed in their free online writing, were compared to those of emotionally distressed, nonsuicidal (n = 16) and to nondistressed (n = 15) individuals. Results showed that suicidal persons have significantly more stable and global attributions than do the other groups. In Study 2, expressions of self-focus in online written messages were compared among suicidal, two levels of nonsuicidal but distressed, and nondistressed individuals (200 messages in each group). With the use of various expressions of self-focus, findings showed that suicidal people were distinctively self-focused in their writing, unlike their counterparts. In Study 3, psychologically relevant themes in the online writing of suicidal (n = 39) and highly distressed, nonsuicidal persons (n = 24) were compared. Results revealed that the former expressed significantly more unbearable psychological pain and cognitive constriction than did the latter. The findings of the three studies are consistent with those found in examinations of offline writing. The research has important implications for the use of online environments for psychological research and means for assessment, as well as for understanding suicidality.
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Low SM, Stocker C. Family functioning and children's adjustment: associations among parents' depressed mood, marital hostility, parent-child hostility, and children's adjustment. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2005; 19:394-403. [PMID: 16221020 DOI: 10.1037/0893-3200.19.3.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Relations between parents' depressed mood, marital conflict, parent-child hostility, and children's adjustment were examined in a community sample of 136 ten-year-olds and their parents. Videotaped observational and self-report data were used to examine these relations in path analyses. A proposed model was tested in which mothers' and fathers' depressed mood and marital hostility were associated with children's adjustment problems through disruptions in parent-child relationships. Results showed that both mothers' and fathers' marital hostility were linked to parent-child hostility, which in turn was linked to children's internalizing problems. Fathers' depressed mood was linked to children's internalizing problems indirectly through father-child hostility. Fathers' depressed mood was directly linked to children's externalizing problems and indirectly linked through father-child hostility. For mothers, marital hostility was directly linked to children's externalizing problems, and marital hostility in fathers was indirectly linked to children's externalizing problems through father-child hostility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina M Low
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
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O'Connor MJ, Paley B. The Relationship of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and the Postnatal Environment to Child Depressive Symptoms. J Pediatr Psychol 2005; 31:50-64. [PMID: 15802607 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsj021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the association between prenatal alcohol exposure and child depressive symptoms, and the mediating effects of maternal and child characteristics. METHODS Participants were 42 children aged 4-5 years and their biological mothers. Prenatal alcohol consumption was assessed by self-report of maximum drinks per drinking occasion. The Pictorial Depression Scale (PDS) measured child depressive symptoms. Mother-child interactions were assessed using the family interaction puzzle task. RESULTS Structural equation modeling indicated that prenatal alcohol exposure was associated with more negative child affect. In turn, mothers of more negative children were less emotionally connected to their children, and those children had higher levels of depressive symptomatology. Results could not be explained by current maternal drinking patterns or maternal depression. CONCLUSIONS Study findings highlight the importance of examining prenatal alcohol exposure as a risk factor in the prediction of childhood-onset depression and the environmental mechanisms that may mediate that relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J O'Connor
- UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute & Hospital, 760 Westwood Plaza, Room 68-265 A, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA.
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Cogan N, Riddell S, Mayes G. The understanding and experiences of children affected by parental mental health problems: a qualitative study. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN PSYCHOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.1191/1478088705qp024oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mowbray CT, Oyserman D, Bybee D. Mothers with serious mental illness. NEW DIRECTIONS FOR MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES 2001:73-91. [PMID: 11242786 DOI: 10.1002/yd.23320008809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mental health services have generally ignored the parenting needs of women with serious mental illness. This chapter identifies the parenting risks and strengths that these women display, as well as the opportunities available to psychologists to play a key role in improving mother and child outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Mowbray
- University of Michigan School of Social Work, USA
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Abstract
This longitudinal investigation explored the impact of a childhood history of physical and sexual abuse on perinatal depressive symptomatology, suicide attempts, and maternal behavior in an ethnically diverse sample of 95 adolescent mothers. Maternal role attainment theory and the cognitive-interpersonal theory of depression provided the conceptual framework for this study. This investigation helps to expand theory on adolescent maternal role attainment by identifying a relationship between history of abuse, depressive symptoms over time, and maternal role behavior problems. Findings do not indicate that a history of childhood maltreatment alone increases a young mother's risk for maternal-child interaction problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lesser
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Factor Bldg 3-242, Box 956919, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6919, USA
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Lovejoy MC, Graczyk PA, O'Hare E, Neuman G. Maternal depression and parenting behavior: a meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2000; 20:561-92. [PMID: 10860167 DOI: 10.1016/s0272-7358(98)00100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1517] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The results of 46 observational studies were analyzed to assess the strength of the association between depression and parenting behavior and to identify variables that moderated the effects. The association between depression and parenting was manifest most strongly for negative maternal behavior and was evident to a somewhat lesser degree in disengagement from the child. The association between depression and positive maternal behavior was relatively weak, albeit significant. Effects for negative maternal behavior were moderated by timing of the depression: Current depression was associated with the largest effects. However, residual effects of prior depression were apparent for all behaviors. Socioeconomic status, child age, and methodological variables moderated the effects for positive behavior: Effects were strongest for studies of disadvantaged women and mothers of infants. Studies using diagnostic interviews and self-report measures yielded similar effects, suggesting that deficits are not specific to depressive disorder. Research is needed to identify factors that affect the magnitude of parenting deficits among women who are experiencing depression and other psychological difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Lovejoy
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb 60115, USA
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Lesser J, Koniak-Griffin D, Anderson NL. Depressed adolescent mothers' perceptions of their own maternal role. Issues Ment Health Nurs 1999; 20:131-49. [PMID: 10409993 DOI: 10.1080/016128499248718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Although there is a growing body of research in the area of adolescent pregnancy and parenting, little is known about the more personal experiences of these teens. Ethnographic research methods were used in the present study with the goal of narrowing existing gaps in knowledge about the affective component of adolescent mothers' role attainment. The sample consisted of 15 voluntary informants who reported depressive symptoms during pregnancy or postpartum. The findings suggest that for some adolescent mothers the experience of motherhood may help them improve their previously self-destructive lives. Many adolescent mothers have engaged in impulsive high-risk activities prior to their pregnancies. Through the establishment of a maternal identity and simultaneous development of a strong sense of maternal protectiveness these young women are making realistic, future-oriented decisions that are motivating them to leave gang life, finish high school, go to college, and get vocational training. However, a subset of adolescent mothers who experience chronic depressive mood along with social isolation in the postpartum period may be at increased risk for development of problematic maternal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lesser
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-6919, USA
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Abstract
A concept analysis, the clarification of a concept, is the first step towards building the foundations of nursing theory, research and practice. As a relevant concept for nurses working with childbearing families, parent-infant attachment is an important part of the body of nursing knowledge. Wilson's method of concept analysis was used to generate antecedents, critical attributes and consequences of parent-infant attachment, highlighting the need to refine measurements of this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Goulet
- Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Beardslee WR, Versage EM, Gladstone TR. Children of affectively ill parents: a review of the past 10 years. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998; 37:1134-41. [PMID: 9808924 DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199811000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the literature investigating the effects of parental affective illness on children over the past decade. METHOD A computerized search of articles published over the past 10 years was completed. Articles were reviewed and relevant studies are presented. RESULTS Over the course of the past 10 years a number of longitudinal studies have confirmed that children of affectively ill parents are at a greater risk for psychiatric disorders than children from homes with non-ill parents. Life table estimates indicate that by the age of 20 a child with an affectively ill parent has a 40% chance of experiencing an episode of major depression. Children from homes with affectively ill parents are more likely to exhibit general difficulties in functioning, increased guilt, and interpersonal difficulties as well as problems with attachment. Marital difficulties, parenting problems, and chronicity and severity of parental affective illness have been associated with the increased rates of disorder observed in these children. CONCLUSION The presence of depression in parents should alert clinicians to the fact that their children also may be depressed and therefore in need of services. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Beardslee
- Preventive Intervention Project, Judge Baker Children's Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Moser RP, Jacob T. Parent-child interactions and child outcomes as related to gender of alcoholic parent. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE 1998; 9:189-208. [PMID: 9494949 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-3289(97)90016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parents and children from alcoholic and non-alcoholic families (N = 137) were compared in regard to quality of interactions (using the Marital Interaction Coding System), child outcomes (using the Child Behavior Checklist), and the possible moderating effects of parenting behavior on child outcomes. Alcoholic families were subdivided by gender (father-alcoholic, mother-alcoholic, both parents alcoholic) to assess for the effect that gender of alcoholic parent has on parent-child interactions and child outcomes. Results indicated that dual and mother-only alcoholic families exhibited the most impaired interactions, although child problem behavior was not significantly different across the three groups containing one or two alcoholic parents. Furthermore, father's behavior (both alcoholic fathers and those married to an alcoholic), as compared to mother's behavior, most clearly moderated child outcomes. The possible protective effect of having a non-alcoholic mother was also indicated. Results are discussed in regard to the negative and positive effects that parents from alcoholic households can have on children.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Moser
- Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, USA
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