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Shin SP, Hong HK, Jin CN, Sohn H, Choi KS, Lee J. Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate on Viability of Kudoa septempunctata. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2020; 58:593-597. [PMID: 33202514 PMCID: PMC7672230 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Kudoa septempunctata have been reported as a causative agent for acute transient gastrointestinal troubles after eating raw olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). It raised public health concerns and quarantine control in several countries. Quantitative evaluation on viability of K. septempunctata is crucial to develop effective chemotherapeutics against it. A cytometry using fluorescent stains was employed to assess effect of three compounds on viability of K. septempunctata. Epigallocatechin gallate reduced markedly viability of K. septempunctata at 0.5 mM or more, and damaged K. septempunctata spores by producing cracks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Phil Shin
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Korea
| | - Hyun Ki Hong
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK FOUR) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Korea
| | - Chang Nam Jin
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Korea
| | - Hanchang Sohn
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Choi
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK FOUR) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Korea
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Queiroga FR, Marques-Santos LF, Hégaret H, Sassi R, Farias ND, Santana LN, da Silva PM. Effects of cyanobacteria Synechocystis spp. in the host-parasite model Crassostrea gasar-Perkinsus marinus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 187:100-107. [PMID: 28407513 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Perkinsosis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites from the Perkinsus genus. In Brazil, two species, P. beihaiensis and P. marinus, are frequently found infecting native oysters (Crassostrea gasar and C. rhizophorae) from cultured and wild populations in several states of the Northeast region. The impacts of this disease in bivalves from Brazil, as well as the interactions with environmental factors, are poorly studied. In the present work, we evaluated the in vitro effects of the cyanobacteria Synechocystis spp. on trophozoites of P. marinus and haemocytes of C. gasar. Four cyanobacteria strains isolated from the Northeast Brazilian coast were used as whole cultures (WCs) and extracellular products (ECPs). Trophozoites of P. marinus were exposed for short (4h) and long (48h and 7days, the latter only for ECPs) periods, while haemocytes were exposed for a short period (4h). Cellular and immune parameters, i.e. cell viability, cell count, reactive oxygen species production (ROS) and phagocytosis of inert (latex beads) and biological particles (zymosan and trophozoites of P. marinus) were measured by flow cytometry. The viability of P. marinus trophozoites was improved in response to WCs of Synechocystis spp., which could be a beneficial effect of the cyanobacteria providing nutrients and reducing reactive oxygen species. Long-term exposure of trophozoites to ECPs of cyanobacteria did not modify in vitro cell proliferation nor viability. In contrast, C. gasar haemocytes showed a reduction in cell viability when exposed to WCs, but not to ECPs. However, ROS production was not altered. Haemocyte ability to engulf latex particles was reduced when exposed mainly to ECPs of cyanobacteria; while neither the WCs nor the ECPs modified phagocytosis of the biological particles, zymosan and P. marinus. Our results suggest a negative effect of cyanobacteria from the Synechocystis genus on host immune cells, in contrast to a more beneficial effect on the parasite cell, which could together disrupt the balance of the host-parasite interaction and make oysters more susceptible to P. marinus as well as opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Ramos Queiroga
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Patologia de Invertebrados (LABIPI), Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Marques-Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento (LABID), Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Hélène Hégaret
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Roberto Sassi
- Laboratório de Ambientes Recifais e Biotecnologia de Microalgas (LARBIM), Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Natanael Dantas Farias
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Patologia de Invertebrados (LABIPI), Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Lucas Nunes Santana
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Patologia de Invertebrados (LABIPI), Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Patricia Mirella da Silva
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Patologia de Invertebrados (LABIPI), Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
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QUEIROGA FERNANDORAMOS, MARQUES-SANTOS LUISFERNANDO, DE MEDEIROS ISACALMEIDA, DA SILVA PATRÍCIAMIRELLA. Effects of salinity and temperature on in vitro cell cycle and proliferation of Perkinsus marinus from Brazil. Parasitology 2016; 143:475-87. [PMID: 26888407 PMCID: PMC4800715 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182015001602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Field and in vitro studies have shown that high salinities and temperatures promote the proliferation and dissemination of Perkinsus marinus in several environments. In Brazil, the parasite infects native oysters Crassostrea gasar and Crassostrea rhizophorae in the Northeast (NE), where the temperature is high throughout the year. Despite the high prevalence of Perkinsus spp. infection in oysters from the NE of Brazil, no mortality events were reported by oyster farmers to date. The present study evaluated the effects of salinity (5, 20 and 35 psu) and temperature (15, 25 and 35 °C) on in vitro proliferation of P. marinus isolated from a host (C. rhizophorae) in Brazil, for a period of up to 15 days and after the return to the control conditions (22 days; recovery). Different cellular parameters (changes of cell phase's composition, cell density, viability and production of reactive oxygen species) were analysed using flow cytometry. The results indicate that the P. marinus isolate was sensitive to the extreme salinities and temperatures analysed. Only the highest temperature caused lasting cell damage under prolonged exposure, impairing P. marinus recovery, which is likely to be associated with oxidative stress. These findings will contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of perkinsiosis in tropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- FERNANDO RAMOS QUEIROGA
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Patologia de Invertebrados, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, CEP 58051-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - LUIS FERNANDO MARQUES-SANTOS
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, CEP 58051–900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - ISAC ALMEIDA DE MEDEIROS
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, CEP 58051–900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - PATRÍCIA MIRELLA DA SILVA
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Patologia de Invertebrados, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, CEP 58051-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Khaziri N, Mohammadi M, Aliyari Z, Soleimani Rad J, Tayefi Nasrabadi H, Nozad Charoudeh H. Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells Have a Potential to Produce NK Cells Using IL2Rg Cytokines. Adv Pharm Bull 2016; 6:5-8. [PMID: 27123412 PMCID: PMC4845556 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2016.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although bone marrow represents the main site for NK cell development and also distinct thymic-dependentNK cell pathway was identified, the cytokines effect on the NK cell generation from cord blood is unclear. Studies were identified the role of cytokines in the regulation of bone marrow and thymic NK cells. Previous studies reported that IL15 are critical for bone marrow dependent and IL7 is important for thymic NK cells. It is remain unclear the cytokines influence on the expantion of NK cells in cord blood mononuclear cells. METHODS We evaluated cultured cord blood mononuclear cells suplememnted with combinations of cytokines using FACS in distinct time points. In this study, we presented the role of IL2, IL7 and IL15 as members of the common gamma receptor -chain (Il2rg) on the expansion NK cells from cord blood cells. RESULTS By investigating cord blood mononuclear cells in vitro , we demonstrated that IL2 and IL15 are important for expansion of NK cells. IL2 in comparision with IL15 has more influences in NK cell expansion. In contrast IL-7 is dispensable for NK cell generation in cord blood. CONCLUSION Thus,IL-2Rg cytokines play complementary roles and are indispensable for homeostasis of NK cell development in cord blood. Probably these cytokines could help to use NK beneficials in engrafment of transplanted cells and Anti tumor activity of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Khaziri
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Momeneh Mohammadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Aliyari
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Soleimani Rad
- Tissue Engineering Group, Novin School of Advanced Research Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Tayefi Nasrabadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Tissue Engineering Group, Novin School of Advanced Research Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hojjatollah Nozad Charoudeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Tissue Engineering Group, Novin School of Advanced Research Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Srivastava SK, Medina-Sánchez M, Koch B, Schmidt OG. Medibots: Dual-Action Biogenic Microdaggers for Single-Cell Surgery and Drug Release. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:832-7. [PMID: 26619085 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
An innovative concept for the fabrication of dual-action microrobots capable of performing single-cell microsurgery along with a site-directed drug-delivery feature is presented. These multi-action plant-derived biocompatible "medibots" can play a pivotal role in understanding micromotor interactions at the cellular level, aiming toward the destruction of harmful cells (like cancer) among others in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Kumar Srivastava
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mariana Medina-Sánchez
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Britta Koch
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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Zhao E, Hong Y, Chen S, Leung CWT, Chan CYK, Kwok RTK, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Highly fluorescent and photostable probe for long-term bacterial viability assay based on aggregation-induced emission. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:88-96. [PMID: 23814037 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Long-term tracking of bacterial viability is of great importance for monitoring the viability change of bacteria under storage, evaluating disinfection efficiency, as well as for studying the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of antibacterials. Most of the conventional viability dyes, however, suffer from high toxicity and/or poor photostability, making them unsuitable for long-term studies. In this work, an aggregation-induced emission molecule, TPE-2BA, which can differentiate dead and living bacteria and serve as a highly fluorescent and photostable probe for long-term viability assay. TPE-2BA is a cell-impermeable DNA stain that binds to the groove of double-stranded DNA. Bacteria with compromised membrane open the access for TPE-2BA to reach DNA, endowing it with strong emission. The feasibility of using TPE-2BA for screening effective bactericides is also demonstrated. Plate count experiment reveals that TPE-2BA poses negligible toxicity to bacteria, indicating that it is an excellent probe for long-term bacterial viability assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engui Zhao
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Host–parasite interactions: Marine bivalve molluscs and protozoan parasites, Perkinsus species. J Invertebr Pathol 2013; 114:196-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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The molecular diversity of freshwater picoeukaryotes reveals high occurrence of putative parasitoids in the plankton. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2324. [PMID: 18545660 PMCID: PMC2396521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic microorganisms have been undersampled in biodiversity studies in freshwater environments. We present an original 18S rDNA survey of freshwater picoeukaryotes sampled during spring/summer 2005, complementing an earlier study conducted in autumn 2004 in Lake Pavin (France). These studies were designed to detect the small unidentified heterotrophic flagellates (HF, 0.6–5 µm) which are considered the main bacterivores in aquatic systems. Alveolates, Fungi and Stramenopiles represented 65% of the total diversity and differed from the dominant groups known from microscopic studies. Fungi and Telonemia taxa were restricted to the oxic zone which displayed two fold more operational taxonomic units (OTUs) than the oxycline. Temporal forcing also appeared as a driving force in the diversification within targeted organisms. Several sequences were not similar to those in databases and were considered as new or unsampled taxa, some of which may be typical of freshwater environments. Two taxa known from marine systems, the genera Telonema and Amoebophrya, were retrieved for the first time in our freshwater study. The analysis of potential trophic strategies displayed among the targeted HF highlighted the dominance of parasites and saprotrophs, and provided indications that these organisms have probably been wrongfully regarded as bacterivores in previous studies. A theoretical exercise based on a new ‘parasite/saprotroph-dominated HF hypothesis’ demonstrates that the inclusion of parasites and saprotrophs may increase the functional role of the microbial loop as a link for carbon flows in pelagic ecosystems. New interesting perspectives in aquatic microbial ecology are thus opened.
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da Silva PM, Hégaret H, Lambert C, Wikfors GH, Le Goïc N, Shumway SE, Soudant P. Immunological responses of the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) with varying parasite (Perkinsus olseni) burden, during a long-term exposure to the harmful alga, Karenia selliformis, and possible interactions. Toxicon 2008; 51:563-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2007] [Revised: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Determination of the effects of temperature on viability, metabolic activity and proliferation of two Perkinsus species, and its significance to understanding seasonal cycles of perkinsosis. Parasitology 2008; 135:505-19. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182008004150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYThe range of water temperatures in which Perkinsus species can survive and proliferate remains ill-defined, particularly at lower temperatures. The in vitro viability, metabolic activity, and proliferation of 3 isolates each of P. marinus and P. olseni trophozoites at 28°C, and at 15 and 4°C, after transfer from 28°C, were compared. Both species showed declines in metabolic activity and proliferation from 28°C to 15°C. At 4°C, both species had viability after 30 days incubation time (P. marinus 49%, P. olseni 58%), but limited metabolic activity and no proliferation. Perkinsus marinus viability was further compared when transferred directly from 28°C, 18°C and progressively from 18°C (0·5°C/day) to 2, 4 and 6°C and maintained for up to 4 months. Viability was highest under progressive transfer (77% and 54% after 30 and 60 days exposure to test temperatures). The decrease in P. marinus viability at the lower temperatures in vitro only partially explains decreasing parasite infection intensities in eastern oysters in the colder months of the year. Moreover, the significant decrease in parasite infection intensities in late winter and early spring, as temperatures increase, is likely due to an active process of elimination by oyster host defences.
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Rowan BA, Oldenburg DJ, Bendich AJ. A high-throughput method for detection of DNA in chloroplasts using flow cytometry. PLANT METHODS 2007; 3:5. [PMID: 17381841 PMCID: PMC1847512 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-3-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amount of DNA in the chloroplasts of some plant species has been shown recently to decline dramatically during leaf development. A high-throughput method of DNA detection in chloroplasts is now needed in order to facilitate the further investigation of this process using large numbers of tissue samples. RESULTS The DNA-binding fluorophores 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), SYBR Green I (SG), SYTO 42, and SYTO 45 were assessed for their utility in flow cytometric analysis of DNA in Arabidopsis chloroplasts. Fluorescence microscopy and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) were used to validate flow cytometry data. We found neither DAPI nor SYTO 45 suitable for flow cytometric analysis of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) content, but did find changes in cpDNA content during development by flow cytometry using SG and SYTO 42. The latter dye provided more sensitive detection, and the results were similar to those from the fluorescence microscopic analysis. Differences in SYTO 42 fluorescence were found to correlate with differences in cpDNA content as determined by qPCR using three primer sets widely spaced across the chloroplast genome, suggesting that the whole genome undergoes copy number reduction during development, rather than selective reduction/degradation of subgenomic regions. CONCLUSION Flow cytometric analysis of chloroplasts stained with SYTO 42 is a high-throughput method suitable for determining changes in cpDNA content during development and for sorting chloroplasts on the basis of DNA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Rowan
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Arnold J Bendich
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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