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Cedrola F, Xavier Senra MV, Fregulia P, D'Agosto M, Dias RJP. Insights into the systematics of the family Ophryoscolecidae (Ciliophora, Entodiniomorphida). J Eukaryot Microbiol 2022; 69:e12915. [PMID: 35403310 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The family Ophryoscolecidae currently comprises 225 species of trichostomatid ciliates, subdivided in three subfamilies (Entodiniinae, Diplodiniinae, and Ophryoscolecinae). The last taxonomic review of the family was performed 55 years ago, but recent morphological and molecular studies indicate the need of a profound review on the systematics of this taxon, since its current taxonomy is insufficient to organize the diversity of the group. Here, we briefly review the systematics of the family Ophryoscolecidae based on information recovered from the literature and new morphological and molecular data. We add four new 18S rDNA sequences of ophryoscolecids to molecular databases, which contributed to improve the comprehension about intrafamily relationships within this group. Finally, we discuss some systematic problems and suggest approaches to resolve such inconsistencies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciane Cedrola
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Fregulia
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marta D'Agosto
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Roberto Júnio Pedroso Dias
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Cedrola F, Senra MVX, Rossi MF, Fregulia P, D’Agosto M, Dias RJP. Trichostomatid Ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora, Trichostomatia) Systematics and Diversity: Past, Present, and Future. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2967. [PMID: 32010077 PMCID: PMC6974537 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tracts of most herbivorous mammals are colonized by symbiotic ciliates of the subclass Trichostomatia, which form a well-supported monophyletic group, currently composed by ∼1,000 species, 129 genera, and 21 families, distributed into three orders, Entodiniomorphida, Macropodiniida, and Vestibuliferida. In recent years, trichostomatid ciliates have been playing a part in many relevant functional studies, such as those focusing in host feeding efficiency optimization and those investigating their role in the gastrointestinal methanogenesis, as many trichostomatids are known to establish endosymbiotic associations with methanogenic Archaea. However, the systematics of trichostomatids presents many inconsistencies. Here, we stress the importance of more taxonomic works, to improve classification schemes of this group of organisms, preparing the ground to proper development of such relevant applied works. We will present a historical review of the systematics of the subclass Trichostomatia highlighting taxonomic problems and inconsistencies. Further on, we will discuss possible solutions to these issues and propose future directions to leverage our comprehension about taxonomy and evolution of these symbiotic microeukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciane Cedrola
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Comportamento e Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Xavier Senra
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Comportamento e Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
- Instituto de Recursos Naturais Renováveis, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Itajubá, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fonseca Rossi
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Comportamento e Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Priscila Fregulia
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Comportamento e Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Marta D’Agosto
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Comportamento e Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Roberto Júnio Pedroso Dias
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Comportamento e Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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Ito A, Tokiwa T. Infraciliature of Opisthotrichum janus , Epidinium ecaudatum , and Ophryoscolex purkynjei (Ciliophora, Entodiniomorphida). Eur J Protistol 2018; 62:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shimano S, Ito A, Ike K. In Memoriam: Soichi Imai (1948-2015). J Eukaryot Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Shimano
- Science Research Center; Hosei University; Fujimi Chiyoda Tokyo 102-8160 Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Ookusa Animal Clinic; Ookusa Matsue Shimane 690-0032 Japan
| | - Kazunori Ike
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology; Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Veterinary Science; Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University; Kyonan Musashino Tokyo 180-8602 Japan
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Cedrola F, Rossi M, Dias RJP, Martinele I, D'Agosto M. Methods for taxonomic studies of rumen ciliates (alveolata: ciliophora): a brief review. Zoolog Sci 2016; 32:8-15. [PMID: 25660691 DOI: 10.2108/zs140125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the principal methods used in taxonomic studies of rumen ciliates: live observation, Lugol staining, fixation and staining with methyl-green formalin saline (MFS) solution, protargol staining, silver carbonate impregnation, scanning electron microscopy and molecular techniques. Mastering these techniques is essential for successful research on the taxonomy of rumen ciliates. No single technique reveals all of the characteristics required for a complete description of a rumen ciliate; therefore, it is necessary to combine the use of these techniques as appropriate to the rumen ciliate group under study. Tables are provided to summarize: 1) morphological methods more appropriate for revealing morphological structures of interest, 2) morphological methods indicated for each group of rumen ciliates, and 3) main primers used for PCR amplification of the 18S rDNA of rumen ciliates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciane Cedrola
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Comportamento e Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, CEP 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Rossi MF, Dias RJP, Senra MVX, Martinele I, Soares CAG, D'Agosto M. Molecular Phylogeny of the Family Ophryscolecidae (Ciliophora, Litostomatea) Inferred from 18S rDNA Sequences. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2015; 62:584-90. [PMID: 25712321 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 18S rDNA was used to infer oral ciliature patterns of evolution within the family Ophryoscolecidae, with the addition of five new sequences of ciliates from the genus Ostracodinium. Our data confirmed the monophyly of the subfamilies Entodiniinae and Ophryoscolecinae, but more analysis would be required for the definition of the status of the subfamily Diplodiniinae. The oral infraciliature patterns reflect evolutionary divergence in the family Ophryscolecidae, observing monophyly on Entodinium-type, Diplodinium-type, Ostracodinium-type, Epidinium-type, and Ophryoscolex-type. The ancestral infraciliature of Entodinium-type cannot be proven, however, the position of Entodinium-type showed closer of Diplodinium-type than Ophryoscolex-type, corroborating previous studies using morphological characters. The observed inconsistencies reflect the need to increase the number of 18S rDNA sequences to family Ophryoscolecidae and investigate the evolution of this group using other molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana F Rossi
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Postgraduate Program in Animal Behavior and Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, CEP: 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Roberto Júnio P Dias
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Postgraduate Program in Animal Behavior and Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, CEP: 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcus V X Senra
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Postgraduate Program in Animal Behavior and Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, CEP: 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Eukaryotes and Simbionts, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabel Martinele
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Postgraduate Program in Animal Behavior and Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, CEP: 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos A G Soares
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Eukaryotes and Simbionts, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marta D'Agosto
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Postgraduate Program in Animal Behavior and Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, CEP: 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Ito A, Van Hoven W, Miyazaki Y, Imai S. New entodiniomorphid ciliates from the intestine of the wild African white rhinoceros belong to a new family, the Gilchristidae. Eur J Protistol 2006; 42:297-307. [PMID: 17113475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2006.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2006] [Revised: 07/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Gilchristia artemis n.g., n.sp. and Digilchristia draconis n.g., n.sp. in the order Entodiniomorphida are described from the large intestine of the African white rhinoceros, and a new family Gilchristidae is proposed to contain them. These new species have a C-shaped adoral polybrachykinety, a slender vestibular polybrachykinety, and paralabial kineties along the ventral side of the adoral polybrachykinety in their retractable adoral ciliary zone, showing the same arrangement as in the rumen ciliates in the family Ophryoscolecidae. G. artemis has two skeletal plates and D. draconis one plate. In both species the dorsal skeletal plate is bow-shaped, folded in half longitudinally, twisting in the anterior part, and lying along the dorsal left side of the macronucleus. The second plate of G. artemis is slender and lies along the ventral side of the macronucleus. G. artemis has three ciliary arches and D. draconis has four arches along the dorsal and ventral sides of the body. Their arches are long and non-retractable, closely resembling those of ciliates in the families, Spirodiniidae and Cycloposthiidae, and are not analogous to the single retractable ciliary arch of the rumen ciliates in the family Ophryoscolecidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ito
- Ookusa Animal Clinic, Ookusa 503, Shimane 690-0032, Japan.
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