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Larson EL, Kopania EEK, Hunnicutt KE, Vanderpool D, Keeble S, Good JM. Stage-specific disruption of X chromosome expression during spermatogenesis in sterile house mouse hybrids. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkab407. [PMID: 34864964 PMCID: PMC9210296 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid sterility is a complex phenotype that can result from the breakdown of spermatogenesis at multiple developmental stages. Here, we disentangle two proposed hybrid male sterility mechanisms in the house mice, Mus musculus domesticus and M. m. musculus, by comparing patterns of gene expression in sterile F1 hybrids from a reciprocal cross. We found that hybrid males from both cross directions showed disrupted X chromosome expression during prophase of meiosis I consistent with a loss of meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI) and Prdm9-associated sterility, but that the degree of disruption was greater in mice with an M. m. musculus X chromosome consistent with previous studies. During postmeiotic development, gene expression on the X chromosome was only disrupted in one cross direction, suggesting that misexpression at this later stage was genotype-specific and not a simple downstream consequence of MSCI disruption which was observed in both reciprocal crosses. Instead, disrupted postmeiotic expression may depend on the magnitude of earlier disrupted MSCI, or the disruption of particular X-linked genes or gene networks. Alternatively, only hybrids with a potential deficit of Sly copies, a Y-linked ampliconic gene family, showed overexpression in postmeiotic cells, consistent with a previously proposed model of antagonistic coevolution between the X- and Y-linked ampliconic genes contributing to disrupted expression late in spermatogenesis. The relative contributions of these two regulatory mechanisms and their impact on sterility phenotypes await further study. Our results further support the hypothesis that X-linked hybrid sterility in house mice has a variable genetic basis, and that genotype-specific disruption of gene regulation contributes to overexpression of the X chromosome at different stages of development. Overall, these findings underscore the critical role of epigenetic regulation of the X chromosome during spermatogenesis and suggest that these processes are prone to disruption in hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Larson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Emily E K Kopania
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Kelsie E Hunnicutt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Dan Vanderpool
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Sara Keeble
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Good
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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2
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Hanot P, Herrel A, Guintard C, Cornette R. Unravelling the hybrid vigor in domestic equids: the effect of hybridization on bone shape variation and covariation. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:188. [PMID: 31615394 PMCID: PMC6794909 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hybridization has been widely practiced in plant and animal breeding as a means to enhance the quality and fitness of the organisms. In domestic equids, this hybrid vigor takes the form of improved physical and physiological characteristics, notably for strength or endurance. Because the offspring of horse and donkey is generally sterile, this widely recognized vigor is expressed in the first generation (F1). However, in the absence of recombination between the two parental genomes, F1 hybrids can be expected to be phenotypically intermediate between their parents which could potentially restrict the possibilities of an increase in overall fitness. In this study, we examine the morphology of the main limb bones of domestic horses, donkeys and their hybrids to investigate the phenotypic impact of hybridization on the locomotor system. We explore bone shape variation and covariation to gain insights into the morphological and functional expressions of the hybrid vigor commonly described in domestic equids. RESULTS Our data reveal the occurrence of transgressive effects on several bones in the F1 generation. The patterns of morphological integration further demonstrate that the developmental processes producing covariation are not disrupted by hybridization, contrary to functional ones. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that an increase in overall fitness could be related to more flexibility in shape change in hybrids, except for the main forelimb long bones of which the morphology is strongly driven by muscle interactions. More broadly, this study illustrates the interest of investigating not only bone shape variation but also underlying processes, in order to contribute to better understanding how developmental and functional mechanisms are affected by hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Hanot
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Straße 10, D-07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Anthony Herrel
- UMR 7179 " Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Évolution " (CNRS, MNHN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier CP 55, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Claude Guintard
- Unité d'Anatomie Comparée, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de l'Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation, Nantes Atlantique - ONIRIS, cedex 03, route de Gachet, CS 40706, 44307, Nantes, France
- Groupe d'Études Remodelage osseux et bioMatériaux (GEROM), Université d'Angers, Unité INSERM 922, LHEA/IRIS-IBS, CHU d'Angers, 4 rue Larrey, Angers, France
| | - Raphaël Cornette
- UMR 7205 « Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité » (CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 45 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
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3
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Schwahn DJ, Wang RJ, White MA, Payseur BA. Genetic Dissection of Hybrid Male Sterility Across Stages of Spermatogenesis. Genetics 2018; 210:1453-1465. [PMID: 30333190 PMCID: PMC6283182 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid sterility is a common form of reproductive isolation between nascent species. Although hybrid sterility is routinely documented and genetically dissected in speciation studies, its developmental basis is rarely examined, especially in generations beyond the F1 generation. To identify phenotypic and genetic determinants of hybrid male sterility from a developmental perspective, we characterized testis histology in 312 F2 hybrids generated by intercrossing inbred strains of Mus musculus domesticus and M. m. musculus, two subspecies of house mice. Hybrids display a range of histologic abnormalities that indicate defective spermatogenesis. Among these abnormalities, we quantified decreased testis size, reductions in spermatocyte and spermatid number, increased apoptosis of meiosis I spermatocytes, and more multinucleated syncytia. Collectively, our phenotypic data point to defects in meiosis I as a primary barrier to reproduction. We identified seven quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling five histologic traits. A region of chromosome 17 that contains Prdm9, a gene known to confer F1 hybrid male sterility, affects multinucleated syncytia and round spermatids, potentially extending the phenotypic outcomes of this incompatibility. The X chromosome also plays a key role, with loci affecting multinucleated syncytia, apoptosis of round spermatids, and round spermatid numbers. We detected an epistatic interaction between QTL on chromosomes 17 and X for multinucleated syncytia. Our results refine the developmental basis of a key reproductive barrier in a classic model system for speciation genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise J Schwahn
- Research Animal Resources Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53726
| | - Richard J Wang
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Michael A White
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Bret A Payseur
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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4
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Warren KA, Ritzman TB, Humphreys RA, Percival CJ, Hallgrímsson B, Ackermann RR. Craniomandibular form and body size variation of first generation mouse hybrids: A model for hominin hybridization. J Hum Evol 2018; 116:57-74. [PMID: 29477182 PMCID: PMC6699179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hybridization occurs in a number of mammalian lineages, including among primate taxa. Analyses of ancient genomes have shown that hybridization between our lineage and other archaic hominins in Eurasia occurred numerous times in the past. However, we still have limited empirical data on what a hybrid skeleton looks like, or how to spot patterns of hybridization among fossils for which there are no genetic data. Here we use experimental mouse models to supplement previous studies of primates. We characterize size and shape variation in the cranium and mandible of three wild-derived inbred mouse strains and their first generation (F1) hybrids. The three parent taxa in our analysis represent lineages that diverged over approximately the same period as the human/Neanderthal/Denisovan lineages and their hybrids are variably successful in the wild. Comparisons of body size, as quantified by long bone measurements, are also presented to determine whether the identified phenotypic effects of hybridization are localized to the cranium or represent overall body size changes. The results indicate that hybrid cranial and mandibular sizes, as well as limb length, exceed that of the parent taxa in all cases. All three F1 hybrid crosses display similar patterns of size and form variation. These results are generally consistent with earlier studies on primates and other mammals, suggesting that the effects of hybridization may be similar across very different scenarios of hybridization, including different levels of hybrid fitness. This paper serves to supplement previous studies aimed at identifying F1 hybrids in the fossil record and to introduce further research that will explore hybrid morphologies using mice as a proxy for better understanding hybridization in the hominin fossil record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerryn A Warren
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Human Evolution Research Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Terrence B Ritzman
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Human Evolution Research Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, USA; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, USA
| | - Robyn A Humphreys
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Human Evolution Research Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christopher J Percival
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Canada; The Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Canada; The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Benedikt Hallgrímsson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Canada; The Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Canada; The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Rebecca Rogers Ackermann
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Human Evolution Research Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
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5
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Chatti N, Said K, Catalan J, Britton-Davidian J, Auffray JC. DEVELOPMENTAL INSTABILITY IN WILD CHROMOSOMAL HYBRIDS OF THE HOUSE MOUSE. Evolution 2017; 53:1268-1279. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb04539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/1998] [Accepted: 03/01/1999] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noureddine Chatti
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Génétique; Faculté de Médecine Dentaire; 5000 Monastir Tunisia
| | - Khaled Said
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Génétique; Faculté de Médecine Dentaire; 5000 Monastir Tunisia
| | - Josette Catalan
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS); Université Montpellier 2; CC 064 34095 Montpellier cedex France
| | - Janice Britton-Davidian
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS); Université Montpellier 2; CC 064 34095 Montpellier cedex France
| | - Jean-Christophe Auffray
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS); Université Montpellier 2; CC 064 34095 Montpellier cedex France
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6
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Hochwender CG, Fritz RS. FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY IN A SALIX HYBRID SYSTEM: THE IMPORTANCE OF GENETIC VERSUS ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES. Evolution 2017; 53:408-416. [PMID: 28565423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb03776.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/1998] [Accepted: 11/12/1998] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To examine the effects of hybridization and environmental stress on developmental instability, we examined fluctuating asymmetry (FA), the variance in random deviations from perfect symmetry in bilaterally symmetrical traits, for leaf symmetry in a Salix hybrid system. An abiotic environmental stress (water stress), an interspecific biotic stress (pathogen attack), and an intraspecific biotic stress (competition) were examined to determine which factors increase developmental instability. None of these three environmental stressors significantly increased FA. However, genetic stress through hybridization was detected; hybrid plants showed significantly higher levels of FA than parental species. In contrast to hybridization providing greater developmental stability through heterozygosity, these results suggest that complex, nonadditive interactions provided developmental stability and that developmental instability increased when coadapted gene complexes were disrupted through hybridization. In addition, plant biomass was significantly, negatively correlated with FA, suggesting that those individuals that were more able to buffer themselves against the disruptive effects of environmental stress may have a selective advantage over those that are less able to buffer themselves against these disruptive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cris G Hochwender
- Department of Biology, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York, 12604-0568
| | - Robert S Fritz
- Department of Biology, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York, 12604-0568
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7
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Gonzalez PN, Pavlicev M, Mitteroecker P, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Spritz RA, Marcucio RS, Hallgrímsson B. Genetic structure of phenotypic robustness in the collaborative cross mouse diallel panel. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:1737-51. [PMID: 27234063 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Developmental stability and canalization describe the ability of developmental systems to minimize phenotypic variation in the face of stochastic micro-environmental effects, genetic variation and environmental influences. Canalization is the ability to minimize the effects of genetic or environmental effects, whereas developmental stability is the ability to minimize the effects of micro-environmental effects within individuals. Despite much attention, the mechanisms that underlie these two components of phenotypic robustness remain unknown. We investigated the genetic structure of phenotypic robustness in the collaborative cross (CC) mouse reference population. We analysed the magnitude of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and among-individual variation of cranial shape in reciprocal crosses among the eight parental strains, using geometric morphometrics and a diallel analysis based on a Bayesian approach. Significant differences among genotypes were found for both measures, although they were poorly correlated at the level of individuals. An overall positive effect of inbreeding was found for both components of variation. The strain CAST/EiJ exerted a positive additive effect on FA and, to a lesser extent, among-individual variance. Sex- and other strain-specific effects were not significant. Neither FA nor among-individual variation was associated with phenotypic extremeness. Our results support the existence of genetic variation for both developmental stability and canalization. This finding is important because robustness is a key feature of developmental systems. Our finding that robustness is not related to phenotypic extremeness is consistent with theoretical work that suggests that its relationship to stabilizing selection is not straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Gonzalez
- Instituto de Genética Veterinaria, CCT-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Pavlicev
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - P Mitteroecker
- Department of Theoretical Biology, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | | | - R A Spritz
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - R S Marcucio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B Hallgrímsson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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8
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Pallares LF, Turner LM, Tautz D. Craniofacial shape transition across the house mouse hybrid zone: implications for the genetic architecture and evolution of between-species differences. Dev Genes Evol 2016; 226:173-86. [PMID: 27216933 PMCID: PMC4896993 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-016-0550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial shape differences between taxa have often been linked to environmental adaptation, e.g., new food sources, or have been studied in the context of domestication. Evidence for the genetic basis of such phenotypic differences to date suggests that between-species as well as between-population variation has an oligogenic basis, i.e., few loci of large effect explain most of the variation. In mice, it has been shown that within-population craniofacial variation has a highly polygenic basis, but there are no data regarding the genetic basis of between-species differences in natural populations. Here, we address this question using a phenotype-focused approach. Using 3D geometric morphometrics, we phenotyped a panel of mice derived from a natural hybrid zone between Mus musculus domesticus and Mus mus musculus and quantify the transition of craniofacial shape along the hybridization gradient. We find a continuous shape transition along the hybridization gradient and unaltered developmental stability associated with hybridization. This suggests that the morphospace between the two subspecies is continuous despite reproductive isolation and strong barriers to gene flow. We show that quantitative changes in overall genome composition generate quantitative changes in craniofacial shape; this supports a highly polygenic basis for between-species craniofacial differences in the house mouse. We discuss our findings in the context of oligogenic versus polygenic models of the genetic architecture of morphological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa F Pallares
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemannstr. 2, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Leslie M Turner
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemannstr. 2, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Diethard Tautz
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemannstr. 2, 24306, Plön, Germany.
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9
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Banerjee P, Singh BN. Interspecific hybridization does not affect the level of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in the Drosophila bipectinata species complex. Genetica 2015; 143:459-71. [PMID: 25987248 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-015-9845-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Drosophila bipectinata species complex comprises of four very closely related species namely D. bipectinata, D. parabipectinata, D. malerkotliana and D. pseudoananassae. It was found that irrespective of the evolutionary divergence among the species, FA which is reflective of the developmental precision remains nearly same in four species. During the present study, the level of FA in different morphological traits was studied in interspecific hybrids and compared with that of parental species with the view that it would throw light on the degree of divergence between the parental species. If they have not diverged much, the interspecific hybrids may have a similar FA level, incompatibilities between their genomes being negligible. On the other hand, if there is substantial divergence, the level of FA may be higher due to incompatibility between the genomes of the parental species. The morphological traits taken were sternopleural bristle number and wing length in both males and females and ovariole number and sex-comb tooth number in females and males respectively. However, except in a few cases, we could not detect any significant differences in the level of FA in hybrids as compared to pure species. On the other hand, a number of abnormalities like poor viability, dystrophied ovaries, asymmetrical eyes etc., could be detected in hybrids from crosses involving D. pseudoananassae as one of the parents. Therefore, we conclude that specific developmental pathways are more susceptible to developmental disturbances due to genomic incompatibilities than the large complex system bringing about developmental stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Banerjee
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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10
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Albrechtová J, Albrecht T, Baird SJE, Macholán M, Rudolfsen G, Munclinger P, Tucker PK, Piálek J. Sperm-related phenotypes implicated in both maintenance and breakdown of a natural species barrier in the house mouse. Proc Biol Sci 2012; 279:4803-10. [PMID: 23055063 PMCID: PMC3497091 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.1802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The house mouse hybrid zone (HMHZ) is a species barrier thought to be maintained by a balance between dispersal and natural selection against hybrids. While the HMHZ is characterized by frequency discontinuities for some sex chromosome markers, there is an unexpected large-scale regional introgression of a Y chromosome across the barrier, in defiance of Haldane's rule. Recent work suggests that a major force maintaining the species barrier acts through sperm traits. Here, we test whether the Y chromosome penetration of the species barrier acts through sperm traits by assessing sperm characteristics of wild-caught males directly in a field laboratory set up in a Y introgression region of the HMHZ, later calculating the hybrid index of each male using 1401 diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We found that both sperm count (SC) and sperm velocity were significantly reduced across the natural spectrum of hybrids. However, SC was more than rescued in the presence of the invading Y. Our results imply an asymmetric advantage for Y chromosome introgression consistent with the observed large-scale introgression. We suggest that selection on sperm-related traits probably explains a large component of patterns observed in the natural hybrid zone, including the Y chromosome penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Albrechtová
- Department of Population Biology, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno and Studenec, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Albrecht
- Department of Population Biology, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno and Studenec, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Miloš Macholán
- Laboratory of Mammalian Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Geir Rudolfsen
- Department for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Framcenter, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Pavel Munclinger
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Priscilla K. Tucker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jaroslav Piálek
- Department of Population Biology, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno and Studenec, Czech Republic
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11
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Renaud S, Alibert P, Auffray JC. Modularity as a source of new morphological variation in the mandible of hybrid mice. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:141. [PMID: 22873779 PMCID: PMC3506452 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hybridization is often seen as a process dampening phenotypic differences accumulated between diverging evolutionary units. For a complex trait comprising several relatively independent modules, hybridization may however simply generate new phenotypes, by combining into a new mosaic modules inherited from each parental groups and parts intermediate with respect to the parental groups. We tested this hypothesis by studying mandible size and shape in a set of first and second generation hybrids resulting from inbred wild-derived laboratory strains documenting two subspecies of house mice, Musmusculus domesticus and Musmusculus musculus. Phenotypic variation of the mandible was divided into nested partitions of developmental, evolutionary and functional modules. Results The size and shape of the modules were differently influenced by hybridization. Some modules seemed to be the result of typical additive effects with hybrids intermediate between parents, some displayed a pattern expected in the case of monogenic dominance, whereas in other modules, hybrids were transgressive. The result is interpreted as the production of novel mandible morphologies. Beyond this modularity, modules in functional interaction tended to display significant covariations. Conclusions Modularity emerges as a source of novel morphological variation by its simple potential to combine different parts of the parental phenotypes into a novel offspring mosaic of modules. This effect is partly counterbalanced by bone remodeling insuring an integration of the mosaic mandible into a functional ensemble, adding a non-genetic component to the production of transgressive phenotypes in hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Renaud
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.
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12
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Taxonomical status and phylogenetic relations between the “thomasi” and “atticus” chromosomal races of the underground vole Microtus thomasi (Rodentia, Arvicolinae). Mamm Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Park SH, Podlaha O, Grus WE, Zhang J. The microevolution of V1r vomeronasal receptor genes in mice. Genome Biol Evol 2011; 3:401-12. [PMID: 21551350 PMCID: PMC3114644 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evr039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vomeronasal sensitivity is important for detecting intraspecific pheromonal cues as well as environmental odorants and is involved in mating, social interaction, and other daily activities of many vertebrates. Two large families of seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors, V1rs and V2rs, bind to various ligands to initiate vomeronasal signal transduction. Although the macroevolution of V1r and V2r genes has been well characterized throughout vertebrates, especially mammals, little is known about their microevolutionary patterns, which hampers a clear understanding of the evolutionary forces behind the rapid evolutionary turnover of V1r and V2r genes and the great diversity in receptor repertoire across species. Furthermore, the role of divergent vomeronasal perception in enhancing premating isolation and maintaining species identity has not been evaluated. Here we sequenced 44 V1r genes and 25 presumably neutral noncoding regions in 14 wild-caught mice belonging to Mus musculus and M. domesticus, two closely related species with strong yet incomplete reproductive isolation. We found that nucleotide changes in V1rs are generally under weak purifying selection and that only ∼5% of V1rs may have been subject to positive selection that promotes nonsynonymous substitutions. Consistent with the low functional constraints on V1rs, 18 of the 44 V1rs have null alleles segregating in one or both species. Together, our results demonstrate that, despite occasional actions of positive selection, the evolution of V1rs is in a large part shaped by purifying selection and random drift. These findings have broad implications for understanding the driving forces of rapid gene turnovers that are often observed in the evolution of large gene families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hwan Park
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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14
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MIKULA ONDREJ, AUFFRAY JEANCHRISTOPHE, MACHOLAN MILOS. Asymmetric size and shape variation in the Central European transect across the house mouse hybrid zone. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Renaud S, Alibert P, Auffray JC. Mandible shape in hybrid mice. Naturwissenschaften 2009; 96:1043-50. [PMID: 19504055 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-009-0563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hybridisation between closely related species is frequently seen as retarding evolutionary divergence and can also promote it by creating novel phenotypes due to new genetic combinations and developmental interactions. We therefore investigated how hybridisation affects the shape of the mouse mandible, a well-known feature in evo-devo studies. Parental groups corresponded to two strains of the European mouse sub-species Mus musculus domesticus and Mus musculus musculus. Parents and hybrids were bred in controlled conditions. The mandibles of F(1) hybrids are mostly intermediate between parental phenotypes as expected for a complex multigenic character. Nevertheless, a transgressive effect as well as an increased phenotypic variance characterise the hybrids. This suggests that hybridisation between the two subspecies could lead to a higher phenotypic variance due to complex interactions among the parental genomes including non-additive genetic effects. The major direction of variance is conserved, however, among hybrids and parent groups. Hybridisation may thus play a role in the production of original transgressive phenotypes occurring following pre-existing patterns of variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Renaud
- Paléoenvironnement et Paléobiosphère, UMR 5125 CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Bâtiment Géode, 2 Rue Dubois, Campus de la Doua, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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16
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Lalis A, Baylac M, Cosson JF, Makundi RH, Machang’u RS, Denys C. Cranial morphometric and fine scale genetic variability of two adjacentMastomys natalensis (Rodentia: Muridae) populations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03193173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Robertsonian polymorphism in the common shrew (Sorex araneus L.) and selective advantage of heterozygotes indicated by their higher maximum metabolic rates. Heredity (Edinb) 2008; 102:155-62. [PMID: 18827836 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2008.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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18
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MIKULA O, MACHOLÁN M. There is no heterotic effect upon developmental stability in the ventral side of the skull within the house mouse hybrid zone. J Evol Biol 2008; 21:1055-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Good JM, Handel MA, Nachman MW. Asymmetry and polymorphism of hybrid male sterility during the early stages of speciation in house mice. Evolution 2008; 62:50-65. [PMID: 18005156 PMCID: PMC2907743 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00257.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
House mice offer a powerful system for dissecting the genetic basis of phenotypes that isolate species in the early stages of speciation. We used a series of reciprocal crosses between wild-derived strains of Mus musculus and M. domesticus to examine F(1) hybrid male sterility, one of the primary phenotypes thought to isolate these species. We report four main results. First, we found significantly smaller testes and fewer sperm in hybrid male progeny of most crosses. Second, in some crosses hybrid male sterility was asymmetric and depended on the species origin of the X chromosome. These observations confirm and extend previous findings, underscoring the central role that the M. musculus X chromosome plays in reproductive isolation. Third, comparisons among reciprocal crosses revealed polymorphism at one or more hybrid incompatibilities within M. musculus. Fourth, the spermatogenic phenotype of this polymorphic interaction appears distinct from previously described hybrid incompatibilities between these species. These data build on previous studies of speciation in house mice and show that the genetic basis of hybrid male sterility is fairly complex, even at this early stage of divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Good
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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20
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Teeter KC, Payseur BA, Harris LW, Bakewell MA, Thibodeau LM, O'Brien JE, Krenz JG, Sans-Fuentes MA, Nachman MW, Tucker PK. Genome-wide patterns of gene flow across a house mouse hybrid zone. Genome Res 2007; 18:67-76. [PMID: 18025268 DOI: 10.1101/gr.6757907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid zones between closely related species or subspecies provide useful settings for studying the genetic architecture of speciation. Using markers distributed throughout the mouse genome, we use a hybrid zone between two recently diverged species of house mice (Mus musculus and Mus domesticus) as a natural mapping experiment to identify genomic regions that may be involved in reproductive isolation. Using cline analysis we document a nearly 50-fold variation in level of introgression among markers. Some markers have extremely narrow cline widths; these genomic regions may contribute to reproductive isolation. Biological processes associated with these narrow clines include physiological and immune responses to the environment as well as physiological and behavioral aspects of reproduction. Other autosomal markers exhibit asymmetrically broad clines, usually with high frequencies of M. domesticus alleles on the M. musculus side of the hybrid zone. These markers identify genome regions likely housing genes with alleles that are spreading from one species to the other. Biological processes associated with these wide clines include cell signaling, olfaction, and pheromone response. These processes play important roles in survival and reproduction, and associated genes are likely targets of selection. Patterns of linkage disequilibrium in the center of the hybrid zone suggest that isolation may be caused by multiple epistatic interactions between sets of genes. These data highlight the complex genetic architecture underlying speciation even at early stages of divergence and point to some of the biological processes that may govern this architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Teeter
- Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1079, USA
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21
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Auffray J, Renaud S, Alibert P, Nevo E. Developmental stability and adaptive radiation in theSpalax ehrenbergisuperspecies in the Near‐East. J Evol Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1999.00054.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.‐C. Auffray
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS), CC064, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France,
| | - S. Renaud
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS), CC064, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France,
| | - P. Alibert
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS), CC064, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France,
| | - E. Nevo
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel
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22
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Rülicke T, Guncz N, Wedekind C. Early maternal investment in mice: no evidence for compatible-genes sexual selection despite hybrid vigor. J Evol Biol 2006; 19:922-8. [PMID: 16674588 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.01039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Confronting a recently mated female with a strange male can induce a pregnancy block ('Bruce effect'). The physiology of this effect is well studied, but its functional significance is still not fully understood. The 'anticipated infanticide hypothesis' suggests that the pregnancy block serves to avoid the cost of embryogenesis and giving birth to offspring that are likely to be killed by a new territory holder. Some 'compatible-genes sexual selection hypotheses' suggest that the likelihood of a pregnancy block is also dependent on the female's perception of the stud's and the stimulus male's genetic quality. We used two inbred strains of mice (C57BL/6 and BALB/c) to test all possible combinations of female strain, stud strain, and stimulus strain under experimental conditions (N(total) = 241 mated females). As predicted from previous studies, we found increased rates of pregnancy blocks if stud and stimulus strains differed, and we found evidence for hybrid vigour in offspring of between-strain mating. Despite the observed heterosis, pregnancies of within-strain matings were not more likely to be blocked than pregnancies of between-strain matings. A power analysis revealed that if we missed an existing effect (type-II error), the effect must be very small. If a female gave birth, the number and weight of newborns were not significantly influenced by the stimulus males. In conclusion, we found no support for the 'compatible-genes sexual selection hypotheses'.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rülicke
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zürich, Switzerland
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23
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GAZAVE ELODIE, CATALAN JOSETTE, DA GRACA RAMALHINHO MARIA, DA LUZ MATHIAS MARIA, NUNES ANACLAUDIA, BRITTON-DAVIDIAN JANICE, AUFFRAY JEANCHRISTOPHE. Do chromosomal hybrids necessarily suffer from developmental instability? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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ANDERSEN DITTEHOLM, PERTOLDI CINO, LOESCHCKE VOLKER, SCALI VALERIO. Developmental instability, hybridization and heterozygosity in stick insects of the genus Bacillus (Insecta; Phasmatodea) with different modes of reproduction. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Bell TA, de la Casa-Esperón E, Doherty HE, Ideraabdullah F, Kim K, Wang Y, Lange LA, Wilhemsen K, Lange EM, Sapienza C, de Villena FPM. The paternal gene of the DDK syndrome maps to the Schlafen gene cluster on mouse chromosome 11. Genetics 2005; 172:411-23. [PMID: 16172501 PMCID: PMC1456169 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.105.047118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The DDK syndrome is an early embryonic lethal phenotype observed in crosses between females of the DDK inbred mouse strain and many non-DDK males. Lethality results from an incompatibility between a maternal DDK factor and a non-DDK paternal gene, both of which have been mapped to the Ovum mutant (Om) locus on mouse chromosome 11. Here we define a 465-kb candidate interval for the paternal gene by recombinant progeny testing. To further refine the candidate interval we determined whether males from 17 classical and wild-derived inbred strains are interfertile with DDK females. We conclude that the incompatible paternal allele arose in the Mus musculus domesticus lineage and that incompatible strains should share a common haplotype spanning the paternal gene. We tested for association between paternal allele compatibility/incompatibility and 167 genetic variants located in the candidate interval. Two diallelic SNPs, located in the Schlafen gene cluster, are completely predictive of the polar-lethal phenotype. These SNPs also predict the compatible or incompatible status of males of five additional strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Bell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
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26
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Payseur BA, Hoekstra HE. Signatures of reproductive isolation in patterns of single nucleotide diversity across inbred strains of mice. Genetics 2005; 171:1905-16. [PMID: 16143616 PMCID: PMC1456114 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.105.046193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive isolation is often caused by the disruption of genic interactions that evolve in geographically separate populations. Identifying the genomic regions and genes involved in these interactions, known as "Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities," can be challenging but is facilitated by the wealth of genetic markers now available in model systems. In recent years, the complete genome sequence and thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from laboratory mice, which are largely genetic hybrids between Mus musculus and M. domesticus, have become available. Here, we use these resources to locate genomic regions that may underlie reproductive isolation between these two species. Using genotypes from 332 SNPs that differ between wild-derived strains of M. musculus and M. domesticus, we identified several physically unlinked SNP pairs that show exceptional gametic disequilibrium across the lab strains. Conspecific alleles were associated in a disproportionate number of these cases, consistent with the action of natural selection against hybrid gene combinations. As predicted by the Dobzhansky-Muller model, this bias was differentially attributable to locus pairs for which one hybrid genotype was missing. We assembled a list of potential Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities from locus pairs that showed extreme associations (only three gametic types) among conspecific alleles. Two SNPs in this list map near known hybrid sterility loci on chromosome 17 and the X chromosome, allowing us to nominate partners for disrupted interactions involving these genomic regions for the first time. Together, these results indicate that patterns produced by speciation between M. musculus and M. domesticus are visible in the genomes of lab strains of mice, underscoring the potential of these genetic model organisms for addressing general questions in evolutionary biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret A Payseur
- Laboratory Of Genetics, Genetics/Biotechnology 2428, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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27
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Developmental stability and canalization of limb bones of brown haresLepus europaeus with varying levels of heterozygosity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03194485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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BRITTON-DAVIDIAN JANICE, FEL-CLAIR FABIENNE, LOPEZ JOËLLE, ALIBERT PAUL, BOURSOT PIERRE. Postzygotic isolation between the two European subspecies of the house mouse: estimates from fertility patterns in wild and laboratory-bred hybrids. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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RAUFASTE NATHALIE, ORTH ANNIE, BELKHIR KHALID, SENET DAVID, SMADJA CAROLE, BAIRD STUARTJE, BONHOMME FRANÇOIS, DOD BARBARA, BOURSOT PIERRE. Inferences of selection and migration in the Danish house mouse hybrid zone. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00457.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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MUÑOZ-MUÑOZ FRANCESC, ASSUMPCIÓ SANS-FUENTES MARIA, LÓPEZ-FUSTER MARÍAJOSÉ, VENTURA JACINT. Non-metric morphological divergence in the western house mouse, Mus musculus domesticus, from the Barcelona chromosomal hybrid zone. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Smadja C, Ganem G. Subspecies recognition in the house mouse: a study of two populations from the border of a hybrid zone. Behav Ecol 2002. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/13.3.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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32
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Patris B, Gouat P, Jacquot C, Christophe N, Baudoin C. Agonistic and sociable behaviors in the mound-building mice,Mus spicilegus: A comparative study withMus musculus domesticus. Aggress Behav 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/ab.90007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Debat V, Alibert P, David P, Paradis E, Auffray JC. Independence between developmental stability and canalization in the skull of the house mouse. Proc Biol Sci 2000; 267:423-30. [PMID: 10737397 PMCID: PMC1690549 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2000.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the two components of developmental homeostasis, that is canalization and developmental stability (DS), is currently debated. To appraise this relationship, the levels and morphological patterns of interindividual variation and fluctuating asymmetry were assessed using a geometric morphometric approach applied to the skulls of laboratory samples of the house mouse. These three samples correspond to two random-bred strains of the two European subspecies of the house mouse and their F1 hybrids. The inter- and intraindividual variation levels were found to be smaller in the hybrid group compared to the parental ones, suggesting a common heterotic effect on skull canalization and DS. Both buffering mechanisms might then depend on the same genetic condition, i.e. the level of heterozygosity. However, related morphological patterns did not exhibit any congruence. In contradiction with previous studies on insect wing traits, we therefore suggest that canalization and DS may not act on the same morphological characters. The fact that this discrepancy could be related to the functional importance of the symmetry of the characters under consideration is discussed in the light of our knowledge of the genetic bases of both components of developmental homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Debat
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR 5554 CNRS, CC 064, Université Montpellier, France.
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34
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Freeman DC, Graham JH, Tracy M, Emlen JM, Alados CL. Developmental Instability as a Means of Assessing Stress in Plants: A Case Study Using Electromagnetic Fields and Soybeans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES 1999; 160:S157-S166. [PMID: 10572030 DOI: 10.1086/314213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Developmental instability is often assessed using deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry. Here, we review the literature describing previous studies, suggest mechanisms that may account for both the generation and disruption of bilateral symmetry, and examine the influence of electromagnetic fields on the asymmetry of soybean leaves. Leaves from plants under high-voltage power lines generating pulsed magnetic fields of <3 to >50 mG were more asymmetrical for two parameters (the terminal leaflet widths and lateral rachilla lengths) than leaves of plants even 50 or 100 m away from power lines. This asymmetry could not be attributed to either size scaling or measurement error.
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