1
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Zhang H, Zhang X, Wu G, Dong C, Liu J, Li M. Genomic divergence and introgression among three Populus species. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 180:107686. [PMID: 36586545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Genomic divergence with gene flow is very common in both plants and animals. However, divergence and gene flow are two counteracting factors during speciation. Identifying the types of genes that are likely to be introgressed and what genetic factors restrict further effective reproduction of interspecific hybrids is of great interest to biologists. We aimed to address these issues using three related tree species, Populus alba (Pa), P. tremula (Pt), and P. tremuloides (Ps), and the interspecific hybrid of the former two species, P. × canescens (Pc). We collected 105 genomes for these four poplar lineages, including 28 Pa, 38Pt, 21 Ps, and 18 Pc individuals, to reconstruct their evolutionary histories. Our coalescence-based simulations indicated that Pa diverged earliest from Ps and Pt, and asymmetrical gene flow existed between any two lineages, with especially large ancient gene flow occurring between Pa and Pt. The genomic landscape of divergence between pairs of the three species are highly heterogeneous, which may have arisen through both divergent sorting of ancient polymorphisms and ongoing gene flow. We found that extant regions of the genome with introgressed ancestry reduced genetic divergence but elevated recombination rates and accounted for 5.76 % of the total genome. Introgressed genes were functionally associated with stress resistance, including innate immune response, anti-adversity response, and programmed cell death. However, candidate genes underlying postmating barriers of Pc were homozygous and resistant to introgression due to the incompatibility of alleles between loci after hybridization and were associated with endosperm and gamete formation and disease resistance. Our study revealed genomic dynamics during speciation with gene flow and identified regions of the genome that were likely introgressed and adaptive as well as candidate loci responsible for hybrid incompatibility that resulted in the formation of postmating barriers after hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Guili Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Congcong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Minjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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2
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OUP accepted manuscript. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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3
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The neglected diversity of the Ochthebius fauna from Eastern Atlantic and Central and Western Mediterranean coastal rockpools (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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Fu Q, Lu G, Fu Y, Wang Y. Genetic differentiation between two varieties of Oreocharis benthamii (Gesneriaceae) in sympatric and allopatric regions. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:7792-7805. [PMID: 32760565 PMCID: PMC7391312 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pattern of genetic differentiation between diverging species receives much attention as one of the key observable features of speciation. It has often been suggested that introgression between closely related species occurs commonly where their distributions overlap, leading to their becoming more morphologically and genetically similar, but there are a few opposite results. However, most of these studies have been carried out with animals and separate species; few have looked at intraspecific cases, especially in plants. Here, we conduct a comparative study on patterns of genetic differentiation among populations of two varieties of Oreocharis benthamii in allopatry and sympatry based on ISSR data for 754 individuals from 26 populations, in order to understand the processes leading to speciation. Contrary to expectations, the facultative xenogamy (mixed mating) species O. benthamii has a relatively low genetic diversity within populations (H = 0.1014, I = 0.1528) and high genetic differentiation among populations (G ST = 0.5867, ФST = 0.659), as is typically found for selfing species. Genetic variance between the two varieties in sympatric populations (44%, ФST = 0.444) is significantly more than that in allopatric populations (14%, ФST = 0.138). Consistent with the taxonomical delimitation of the two varieties, all sampled individuals of O. benthamii clustered into two genetic groups. Moreover, the genetic structures of populations of both varieties are correlated with their different geographical origins. Our studies show that significant divergence between sympatric populations of the two varieties could be attributed primarily to reinforcement by genetic divergent selection in sympatry where secondary contact had occurred. The major proportion of the genetic variation in outcrossing and mixed mating plants may exist among populations when the populations are distributed in fragmented habitats, due to the paucity of suitable habitat combined with inefficient seed dispersal mechanism and limited pollinator foraging area that may limit the gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant DevelopmentSchool of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guo‐Hui Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant DevelopmentSchool of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yu‐Hui Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant DevelopmentSchool of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ying‐Qiang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant DevelopmentSchool of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and BiomonitoringSchool of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
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5
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Ancient hybridization and mtDNA introgression behind current paternal leakage and heteroplasmy in hybrid zones. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19177. [PMID: 31844110 PMCID: PMC6914795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybridization between heterospecific individuals has been documented as playing a direct role in promoting paternal leakage and mitochondrial heteroplasmy in both natural populations and laboratory conditions, by relaxing the egg-sperm recognition mechanisms. Here, we tested the hypothesis that hybridization can lead to mtDNA heteroplasmy also indirectly via mtDNA introgression. By using a phylogenetic approach, we showed in two reproductively isolated beetle species, Ochthebius quadricollis and O. urbanelliae, that past mtDNA introgression occurred between them in sympatric populations. Then, by developing a multiplex allele-specific PCR assay, we showed the presence of heteroplasmic individuals and argue that their origin was through paternal leakage following mating between mtDNA-introgressed and pure conspecific individuals. Our results highlight that mtDNA introgression can contribute to promote paternal leakage, generating genetic novelty in a way that has been overlooked to date. Furthermore, they highlight that the frequency and distribution of mtDNA heteroplasmy can be deeply underestimated in natural populations, as i) the commonly used PCR-Sanger sequencing approach can fail to detect mitochondrial heteroplasmy, and ii) specific studies aimed at searching for it in populations where mtDNA-introgressed and pure individuals co-occur remain scarce, despite the fact that mtDNA introgression has been widely documented in several taxa and populations.
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6
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Garner AG, Goulet BE, Farnitano MC, Molina-Henao YF, Hopkins R. Genomic Signatures of Reinforcement. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E191. [PMID: 29614048 PMCID: PMC5924533 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reinforcement is the process by which selection against hybridization increases reproductive isolation between taxa. Much research has focused on demonstrating the existence of reinforcement, yet relatively little is known about the genetic basis of reinforcement or the evolutionary conditions under which reinforcement can occur. Inspired by reinforcement's characteristic phenotypic pattern of reproductive trait divergence in sympatry but not in allopatry, we discuss whether reinforcement also leaves a distinct genomic pattern. First, we describe three patterns of genetic variation we expect as a consequence of reinforcement. Then, we discuss a set of alternative processes and complicating factors that may make the identification of reinforcement at the genomic level difficult. Finally, we consider how genomic analyses can be leveraged to inform if and to what extent reinforcement evolved in the face of gene flow between sympatric lineages and between allopatric and sympatric populations of the same lineage. Our major goals are to understand if genome scans for particular patterns of genetic variation could identify reinforcement, isolate the genetic basis of reinforcement, or infer the conditions under which reinforcement evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin G Garner
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 021382, USA.
- The Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02131, USA.
| | - Benjamin E Goulet
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 021382, USA.
- The Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02131, USA.
| | - Matthew C Farnitano
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 021382, USA.
- The Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02131, USA.
| | - Y Franchesco Molina-Henao
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 021382, USA.
- The Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02131, USA.
- Department of Biology, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760032, Colombia.
| | - Robin Hopkins
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 021382, USA.
- The Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02131, USA.
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7
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Tishechkin DY, Vedenina VY. Acoustic signals in insects: A reproductive barrier and a taxonomic character. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0013873816090013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Sabatelli S, Audisio P, Antonini G, Solano E, Martinoli A, Trizzino M. Molecular ecology and phylogenetics of the water beetle genusOchthebiusrevealed multiple independent shifts to marine rockpools lifestyle. ZOOL SCR 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Sabatelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ‘C. Darwin’; Sapienza Università degli Studi di Roma; Via A. Borelli, 50 Rome I-00161 Italy
| | - Paolo Audisio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ‘C. Darwin’; Sapienza Università degli Studi di Roma; Via A. Borelli, 50 Rome I-00161 Italy
| | - Gloria Antonini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ‘C. Darwin’; Sapienza Università degli Studi di Roma; Via A. Borelli, 50 Rome I-00161 Italy
| | - Emanuela Solano
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ‘C. Darwin’; Sapienza Università degli Studi di Roma; Via A. Borelli, 50 Rome I-00161 Italy
| | - Adriano Martinoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Teoriche e Applicate; Università dell'Insubria; Via H. Dunant, 3 Varese I-21100 Italy
| | - Marco Trizzino
- Department of Genetics; University of Pennsylvania; 415 Curie Blvd. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
- Dipartimento di Scienze Teoriche e Applicate; Università dell'Insubria; Via H. Dunant, 3 Varese I-21100 Italy
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9
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Rundle HD, Dyer KA. Reproductive character displacement of female mate preferences for male cuticular hydrocarbons inDrosophila subquinaria. Evolution 2015; 69:2625-37. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Howard D. Rundle
- Department of Biology; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Kelly A. Dyer
- Department of Genetics; University of Georgia; Athens Georgia 30602
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10
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Smadja CM, Loire E, Caminade P, Thoma M, Latour Y, Roux C, Thoss M, Penn DJ, Ganem G, Boursot P. Seeking signatures of reinforcement at the genetic level: a hitchhiking mapping and candidate gene approach in the house mouse. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:4222-4237. [PMID: 26132782 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reinforcement is the process by which prezygotic isolation is strengthened as a response to selection against hybridization. Most empirical support for reinforcement comes from the observation of its possible phenotypic signature: an accentuated degree of prezygotic isolation in the hybrid zone as compared to allopatry. Here, we implemented a novel approach to this question by seeking for the signature of reinforcement at the genetic level. In the house mouse, selection against hybrids and enhanced olfactory-based assortative mate preferences are observed in a hybrid zone between the two European subspecies Mus musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus, suggesting a possible recent reinforcement event. To test for the genetic signature of reinforcing selection and identify genes involved in sexual isolation, we adopted a hitchhiking mapping approach targeting genomic regions containing candidate genes for assortative mating in mice. We densely scanned these genomic regions in hybrid zone and allopatric samples using a large number of fast evolving microsatellite loci that allow the detection of recent selection events. We found a handful of loci showing the expected pattern of significant reduction in variability in populations close to the hybrid zone, showing assortative odour preference in mate choice experiments as compared to populations further away and displaying no such preference. These loci lie close to genes that we pinpoint as testable candidates for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole M Smadja
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement IRD, Université de Montpellier), cc065 Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Etienne Loire
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement IRD, Université de Montpellier), cc065 Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Caminade
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement IRD, Université de Montpellier), cc065 Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Marios Thoma
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement IRD, Université de Montpellier), cc065 Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Yasmin Latour
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement IRD, Université de Montpellier), cc065 Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Camille Roux
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement IRD, Université de Montpellier), cc065 Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Michaela Thoss
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dustin J Penn
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guila Ganem
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement IRD, Université de Montpellier), cc065 Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Boursot
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement IRD, Université de Montpellier), cc065 Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, 34095 Montpellier, France
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11
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Hoarau G, Coyer JA, Giesbers MCWG, Jueterbock A, Olsen JL. Pre-zygotic isolation in the macroalgal genus Fucus from four contact zones spanning 100-10 000 years: a tale of reinforcement? ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2015; 2:140538. [PMID: 26064608 PMCID: PMC4448814 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.140538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid zones provide an ideal natural experiment to study the selective forces driving evolution of reproductive barriers and speciation. If hybrid offspring are less fit than the parental species, pre-zygotic isolating barriers can evolve and strengthen in response to selection against the hybrids (reinforcement). Four contact zones between the intertidal macroalgae Fucus serratus (Fs) and Fucus distichus (Fd), characterized by varying times of sympatry and order of species introduction provide an opportunity to investigate reinforcement. We examined patterns of hybridization and reproductive isolation between Fs and Fd in: (i) northern Norway (consisting of two natural sites, 10 000 years old), (ii) the Kattegat near Denmark (Fd introduced, nineteenth century) and (iii) Iceland (Fs introduced, nineteenth century). Using 10 microsatellites and chloroplast DNA, we showed that hybridization and introgression decreased with increasing duration of sympatry. The two younger contact zones revealed 13 and 24% hybrids and several F 1 individuals, in contrast to the older contact zone with 2-3% hybrids and an absence of F 1s. Cross-fertilization experiments revealed that the reduction in hybridization in the oldest zone is consistent with increased gametic incompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Hoarau
- Faculty of Aquaculture and Biosciences, University of Nordland, Bodø 8049, Norway
| | - J. A. Coyer
- Shoals Marine Laboratory, Cornell University, 400 Little Harbor Road, Portsmouth, NH, USA
| | - M. C. W. G. Giesbers
- Marine Benthic Ecology and Evolution Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - A. Jueterbock
- Faculty of Aquaculture and Biosciences, University of Nordland, Bodø 8049, Norway
| | - J. L. Olsen
- Marine Benthic Ecology and Evolution Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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12
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Extensive unidirectional introgression between two salamander lineages of ancient divergence and its evolutionary implications. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6516. [PMID: 25269625 PMCID: PMC5377473 DOI: 10.1038/srep06516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization and introgression, contrary to previous beliefs, are now considered to be widespread processes even among animal species. Nonetheless, the range of their possible outcomes and roles in moulding biodiversity patterns are still far from being fully appraised. Here we investigated the pattern of hybridization and introgression between Salamandrina perspicillata and S. terdigitata, two salamanders endemic to the Italian peninsula. Using a set of diagnostic or differentiated genetic markers (9 nuclear and 1 mitochondrial), we documented extensive unidirectional introgression of S. terdigitata alleles into the S. perspicillata gene pool in central Italy, indicating that barriers against hybridization were permeable when they came into secondary contact, and despite their ancient divergence. Nonetheless, purebred S. terdigitata, as well as F1, F2, and backcrosses were not found within the hybrid zone. Moreover, Bayesian analyses of population structure identified admixed populations belonging to a differentiated gene pool with respect to both parental populations. Overall, the observed genetic structure, together with their geographic pattern of distribution, suggests that Salamandrina populations in central Italy could have entered a distinct evolutionary pathway. How far they have gone along this pathway will deserve future investigation.
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13
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Urbanelli S, Porretta D, Mastrantonio V, Bellini R, Pieraccini G, Romoli R, Crasta G, Nascetti G. Hybridization, natural selection, and evolution of reproductive isolation: a 25-years survey of an artificial sympatric area between two mosquito sibling species of the Aedes mariae complex. Evolution 2014; 68:3030-8. [PMID: 25041755 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural selection can act against maladaptive hybridization between co-occurring divergent populations leading to evolution of reproductive isolation among them. A critical unanswered question about this process that provides a basis for the theory of speciation by reinforcement, is whether natural selection can cause hybridization rates to evolve to zero. Here, we investigated this issue in two sibling mosquitoes species, Aedes mariae and Aedes zammitii, that show postmating reproductive isolation (F1 males sterile) and partial premating isolation (different height of mating swarms) that could be reinforced by natural selection against hybridization. In 1986, we created an artificial sympatric area between the two species and sampled about 20,000 individuals over the following 25 years. Between 1986 and 2011, the composition of mating swarms and the hybridization rate between the two species were investigated across time in the sympatric area. Our results showed that A. mariae and A. zammitii have not completed reproductive isolation since their first contact in the artificial sympatric area. We have discussed the relative role of factors such as time of contact, gene flow, strength of natural selection, and biological mechanisms causing prezygotic isolation to explain the observed results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Urbanelli
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
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14
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Wang J, Abbott RJ, Ingvarsson PK, Liu J. Increased genetic divergence between two closely related fir species in areas of range overlap. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:1019-29. [PMID: 24772279 PMCID: PMC3997318 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of introgressive hybridization, closely related species can be more similar to each other in areas of range overlap (parapatry or sympatry) than in areas where they are geographically isolated from each other (allopatry). Here, we report the reverse situation based on nuclear genetic divergence between two fir species, Abies chensiensis and Abies fargesii, in China, at sites where they are parapatric relative to where they are allopatric. We examined genetic divergence across 126 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers in a set of 172 individuals sampled from both allopatric and parapatric populations of the two species. Our analyses demonstrated that AFLP divergence was much greater between the species when comparisons were made between parapatric populations than between allopatric populations. We suggest that selection in parapatry may have largely contributed to this increased divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Source and Environmental Conservation, School of Life Science, Sichuan University 6100061, Chengdu, Sichuan, China ; Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Richard J Abbott
- School of Biology, Mitchell Building, University of St Andrews St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Pär K Ingvarsson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Source and Environmental Conservation, School of Life Science, Sichuan University 6100061, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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15
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Antoniou A, Magoulas A, Platis P, Kotoulas G. Assessing the genetic landscape of a contact zone: the case of European hare in northeastern Greece. Genetica 2013; 141:23-40. [PMID: 23381134 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-013-9703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The European hare populations of the Balkan Peninsula comprise two divergent phylogenetic lineages with discrete geographical distribution slightly overlapping in the area of northeastern Greece and Bulgaria. Here we elucidate their contact zone, by defining the spatial distributional pattern of the two highly divergent groups, detecting individuals of hybrid origin, and identifying genetic barriers present in the area of their co-existence. Specimens from northeastern Greece were assayed for lineage assignment and population genetic inference based on a 511 bp fragment of mitochondrial DNA control region and allelic data from 10 microsatellite loci. Bayesian analyses on original and simulated genotypes were performed allowing for the contact zone delineation. Our results indicate high genetic diversity in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, strong population structure and non random spatial distribution of the differentiated gene pools. The information provided by the two types of molecular markers yielded consistent results. This study comprises a fine scale analysis of the contact zone between the two evolutionary lineages of European brown hares in northeastern Greece. Specific questions on the spatial patterns where addressed for the first time. Furthermore, hypotheses regarding the presence of hybrids were also tested. As a result, interpretive power to the diversity patterns observed today in the Balkans was added and previously overlooked aspects of the species biology were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aglaia Antoniou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Herakleio, Crete, Greece.
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16
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Genovart M, Juste J, Contreras-Díaz H, Oro D. Genetic and phenotypic differentiation between the critically endangered Balearic shearwater and neighboring colonies of its sibling species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 103:330-41. [PMID: 22504111 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/ess010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the demographic and evolutionary processes within and between populations is essential for developing effective management strategies. Thus, for establishing good conservation policies both genetic and phenotypic studies are crucial. We carried out an integrated analysis of genetic and phenotypic characters of the critically endangered Balearic shearwater Puffinus mauretanicus (182 individuals) and compared them with those of 2 nearby colonies of Yelkouan shearwater P. yelkouan (40 individuals), a species for which hybridization has been hypothesized. The results of the microsatellite analyses were compared with previous mitochondrial DNA analyses. Genetic variability was low in the Balearic shearwater and high levels of inbreeding were revealed at local scale. Most dispersal in Balearic shearwaters was to neighboring sites, even though low levels of population structure were found. The admixture between the 2 species was much higher at nuclear than at mitochondrial level, but phenotypic characters would seem to indicate that a lower level of admixture exists. Individual nuclear DNA, mtDNA, and phenotype did not match at individual level, showing that migration alone cannot explain this phenomenon. We suggest that these 2 young shearwater species could have been involved in processes of divergence and admixing. However, due to the longer coalescence times in nuclear markers, incomplete lineage sorting cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Genovart
- Population Ecology Group, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Miquel Marque`s 21, 07190 Esporles, Mallorca, Spain.
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Porretta D, Urbanelli S. Evolution of premating reproductive isolation among conspecific populations of the sea rock-pool beetle Ochthebius urbanelliae driven by reinforcing natural selection. Evolution 2012; 66:1284-95. [PMID: 22486705 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01535.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
How natural selection might be involved in speciation remains a fundamental question in evolutionary biology. When two or more species co-occur in the same areas, natural selection may favor divergence in mating traits. By acting in sympatric but not allopatric populations, natural selection can also affect mate choice within species and ultimately initiate speciation among conspecific populations. Here, we address this potential effect in the sea rock-pool beetles Ochthebius quadricollis and O. urbanelliae. The two species, which inhabit the Mediterranean coasts, co-occurr syntopically in an area along the Italian Tyrrhenian coast and completed reproductive isolation by reinforcement. In this article, through mating trials under laboratory conditions between conspecific populations, we found in O. quadricollis no deviations from random mating. Conversely, in O. urbanelliae, we found a clear pattern of premating isolation between the reinforced populations sympatric with O. quadricollis and those nonreinforced allopatric. This pattern is consistent with the view that natural selection, which completed the reproductive isolation between the two species in sympatry, led incidentally also to partial premating reproductive isolation (I(PSI) estimator from 0.683 to 0.792) between conspecific populations of O. urbanelliae. This case study supports an until recently underappreciated role of natural selection resulting from species interactions in initiating speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Porretta
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
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Reifová R, Reif J, Antczak M, Nachman MW. Ecological character displacement in the face of gene flow: evidence from two species of nightingales. BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:138. [PMID: 21609448 PMCID: PMC3121626 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ecological character displacement is a process of phenotypic differentiation of sympatric populations caused by interspecific competition. Such differentiation could facilitate speciation by enhancing reproductive isolation between incipient species, although empirical evidence for it at early stages of divergence when gene flow still occurs between the species is relatively scarce. Here we studied patterns of morphological variation in sympatric and allopatric populations of two hybridizing species of birds, the Common Nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos) and the Thrush Nightingale (L. luscinia). Results We conducted principal component (PC) analysis of morphological traits and found that nightingale species converged in overall body size (PC1) and diverged in relative bill size (PC3) in sympatry. Closer analysis of morphological variation along geographical gradients revealed that the convergence in body size can be attributed largely to increasing body size with increasing latitude, a phenomenon known as Bergmann's rule. In contrast, interspecific interactions contributed significantly to the observed divergence in relative bill size, even after controlling for the effects of geographical gradients. We suggest that the divergence in bill size most likely reflects segregation of feeding niches between the species in sympatry. Conclusions Our results suggest that interspecific competition for food resources can drive species divergence even in the face of ongoing hybridization. Such divergence may enhance reproductive isolation between the species and thus contribute to speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Reifová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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BRADBURY IANR, COULSON MARKW, COOK ADAMM, BENTZEN PAUL. Evidence for divergence and adaptive isolation in post-glacially derived bimodal allopatric and sympatric rainbow smelt populations. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01533.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Audisio P, Trizzino M, De Biase A, Rossetti G, Mancini E, Antonini G. Molecular and morphological evidence of a new sibling species ofCalobius(Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) of theC. quadricolliscomplex from peninsular Italy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/11250000902845738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lemmon EM, Lemmon AR. REINFORCEMENT IN CHORUS FROGS: LIFETIME FITNESS ESTIMATES INCLUDING INTRINSIC NATURAL SELECTION AND SEXUAL SELECTION AGAINST HYBRIDS. Evolution 2010; 64:1748-61. [PMID: 20100218 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.00955.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Moriarty Lemmon
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA.
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Verardi A, Canestrelli D, Nascetti G. Nuclear and Mitochondrial Patterns of Introgression between the Parapatric European TreefrogsHyla arboreaandH. intermedia. ANN ZOOL FENN 2009. [DOI: 10.5735/086.046.0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ortiz-Barrientos D, Grealy A, Nosil P. The genetics and ecology of reinforcement: implications for the evolution of prezygotic isolation in sympatry and beyond. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1168:156-82. [PMID: 19566707 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04919.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Reinforcement, the evolution of prezygotic reproductive barriers by natural selection in response to maladaptive hybridization, is one of the most debated processes in speciation. Critics point to "fatal" conceptual flaws for sympatric evolution of prezygotic isolation, but recent theoretical and empirical work on genetics and ecology of reinforcement suggests that such criticisms can be overcome. New studies provide evidence for reinforcement in frogs, fish, insects, birds, and plants. While such evidence lays to rest the argument over reinforcement's existence, our understanding remains incomplete. We lack data on (1) the genetic basis of female preferences and the links between genetics of pre- and postzygotic isolation, (2) the ecological basis of reproductive isolation, (3) connections between prezygotic isolation between species and within-species sexual selection (potentially leading to a "cascade" of effects on reproductive isolation), (4) the role of habitat versus mate preference in reinforcement, and (5) additional detailed comparative studies. Here, we review data on these issues and highlight why they are important for understanding speciation.
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