1
|
Nadler J, Irwin JR, Davis JH, Au WT, Zarnoth P, Rantilla AK, Koesterer K. Order Effects in Individual and Group Policy Allocations. GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1368430201004002002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although citizen panels have become quite popular for policy making, there is very little research on how the procedures these groups employ to manage consensus affect their decision making. We measured the effect of a simple procedural mechanism, agenda order, on individual and group allocations for an HIV policy. Allocations made in a large-small (state-region-city) order were substantially smaller, overall, than were allocations made in small-large (city-region-state) order, and group allocations were smaller, overall, than were individual judgments. The Social Judgment Scheme model (Davis, 1996) provided a good fit of the group allocation, and suggested a mechanism for this overall downward shift in judgment. Normative (i.e. calibration) analyses, as well as subjective impressions (e.g. confidence, repeat judgments) favored relatively smaller allocations so that judgments made in large-small order, and judgments made in groups were arguably more defensible than were individual or small-large judgments. We discuss these strong agenda influences and their implications both for citizen panels and for theoretical research on group consensus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janice Nadler
- Northwestern University and American Bar Foundation,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Critcher CR, Pizarro DA. Paying for Someone Else's Mistake: The Effect of Bystander Negligence on Perpetrator Blame. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2008; 34:1357-70. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167208320557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The success of criminal acts can sometimes depend critically on the oversight or negligence of uninvolved bystanders (e.g., someone leaving a first-floor window open). Four studies examined how the contribution of a negligent bystander affects blame for the perpetrator of a crime. Although participants stated that discounting blame for the perpetrator was normatively inappropriate in this context, they expected that others would make this very “error.” Instead, across all four studies, bystander negligence amplified ascriptions of perpetrator blame. This amplification occurred because the bad action of the bystander provided an implicit standard of comparison for the perpetrator's act, framing it as more blameworthy. A variety of alternative mechanisms— that bystander negligence altered perceived crime avoidability, prompted spontaneous counterfactualizing, or increased victim empathy—were tested and ruled out. Implications for legal contexts are discussed.
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Sáinz E, Sáinz J. Estrategias de decisión de un jurado bajo condiciones de simulación. STUDIES IN PSYCHOLOGY 1990. [DOI: 10.1080/02109395.1990.10821134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
5
|
|
6
|
The Impact of Case Characteristics and Prior Jury Experience on Jury Verdicts1. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 1985. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1985.tb02262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|