1
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Usman AS, Merican F, Zaki S, Broady P, Convey P, Muangmai N. Microcystin production by oscillatorialean cyanobacteria isolated from cryopreserved Antarctic mats. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 120:102336. [PMID: 36470600 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Twenty cyanobacterial strains of eight morphospecies isolated from deep-frozen (-15 °C) mat samples originally collected on Ross Island, in Victoria Land, and on the McMurdo Ice Shelf were screened for the presence of genes encoding for production of anatoxins, cylindrospermopsin, microcystin/nodularin and saxitoxin. One strain of each of Microcoleus autumnalis and Phormidesmis priestleyi and two strains of Wilmottia murrayi were found to produce microcystin. No toxin production was detected in the other 16 strains representing five species. The four toxin-producing strains were characterised using both morphological and molecular approaches. Phylogenetic analyses using partial 16S rRNA sequences were consistent with the morphological identification of all four strains. They were all found to contain a fragment of the mcyE gene, which is involved in microcystin biosynthesis. ELISA analysis of extracts from cultures of these strains confirmed the presence of low concentrations of microcystin: 0.35 μg/L in M. autumnalis, <0.15 μg/L in P. priestleyi, 1.60 μg/L in W. murrayi strain 1 and 0.9 μg/L in W. murrayi strain 2. This study includes the first report of microcystin synthesis by W. murrayi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminu Surajo Usman
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Faradina Merican
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Syazana Zaki
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Paul Broady
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK; Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Narongrit Muangmai
- Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
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2
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LIZIERI CLAUDINEIA, SCHAEFER CARLOSERNESTOG, HAWES IAN. Morphological diversity of benthic cyanobacterial assemblages in meltwater ponds along environmental gradients in the McMurdo Sound region, Antarctica. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210814. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- CLAUDINEIA LIZIERI
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - IAN HAWES
- University of Canterbury, New Zealand; University of Waikato, New Zealand
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3
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Environmentally friendly antibiofilm strategy based on cationized phytoglycogen nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 207:111975. [PMID: 34371317 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm tolerance to antibiotics has led to the search for new alternatives in treating biofilms. The use of metallic nanoparticles has been a suggested strategy against biofilms, but their potential environmental toxicity and high cost of synthesizing have limited their applications. In this study, we investigate the potential of polysaccharidic phytoglycogen nanoparticles extracted from corn, in treating cyanobacterial biofilms, which are the source of toxins and pollution in aquatic environments. Our results revealed that the surface of cyanobacterial cells was dominated by the negatively charged functional groups such as carboxylic and phosphoric groups. The native phytoglycogen (PhX) nanoparticles were dominated with non-charged groups, such as hydroxyl groups, and the cationized phytoglycogen (PhXC) nanoparticles showed positively charged surfaces due to the presence of quaternary ammonium cations. Our results indicated that, as opposed to PhX, PhXC strongly inhibited biofilm formation when dispersed in the culture medium. PhXC also eradicated the already grown cyanobacterial biofilms. The antibiofilm properties of PhXC were attributed to its strong electrostatic interactions with the cyanobacterial cells, which could inhibit cell/cell and cell/substrate interactions and nutrient exchange with the media. This class of antibacterial polysaccharide nanoparticles may provide a novel cost-effective and environment-friendly strategy for treating biofilm formation by a broad spectrum of bacteria.
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4
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Valdespino-Castillo PM, Cerqueda-García D, Espinosa AC, Batista S, Merino-Ibarra M, Taş N, Alcántara-Hernández RJ, Falcón LI. Microbial distribution and turnover in Antarctic microbial mats highlight the relevance of heterotrophic bacteria in low-nutrient environments. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 94:5047302. [PMID: 29982398 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maritime Antarctica has shown the highest increase in temperature in the Southern Hemisphere. Under this scenario, biogeochemical cycles may be altered, resulting in rapid environmental change for Antarctic biota. Microbes that drive biogeochemical cycles often form biofilms or microbial mats in continental meltwater environments. Limnetic microbial mats from the Fildes Peninsula were studied using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Mat samples were collected from 15 meltwater stream sites, comprising a natural gradient from ultraoligotrophic glacier flows to meltwater streams exposed to anthropogenic activities. Our analyses show that microbial community structure differences between mats are explained by environmental NH4+, NO3-, DIN, soluble reactive silicon and conductivity. Microbial mats living under ultraoligotrophic meltwater conditions did not exhibit a dominance of cyanobacterial photoautotrophs, as has been documented for other Antarctic limnetic microbial mats. Instead, ultraoligotrophic mat communities were characterized by the presence of microbes recognized as heterotrophs and photoheterotrophs. This suggests that microbial capabilities for recycling organic matter may be a key factor to dwell in ultra-low nutrient conditions. Our analyses show that phylotype level assemblages exhibit coupled distribution patterns in environmental oligotrophic inland waters. The evaluation of these microbes suggests the relevance of reproductive and structural strategies to pioneer these psychrophilic ultraoligotrophic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Cerqueda-García
- Laboratorio de Ecología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, Mexico
| | - Ana Cecilia Espinosa
- LANCIS, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, Mexico
| | - Silvia Batista
- Unidad de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay
| | - Martín Merino-Ibarra
- Unidad Académica de Ecología y Biodiversidad Acuática, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, Mexico
| | - Neslihan Taş
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, US
| | | | - Luisa I Falcón
- Laboratorio de Ecología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, Mexico
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5
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Revealing the potential of cyanobacteria in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals — A new bioactive approach. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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6
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Cellamare M, Duval C, Drelin Y, Djediat C, Touibi N, Agogué H, Leboulanger C, Ader M, Bernard C. Characterization of phototrophic microorganisms and description of new cyanobacteria isolated from the saline-alkaline crater-lake Dziani Dzaha (Mayotte, Indian Ocean). FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 94:5033403. [PMID: 29878107 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The saline-alkaline crater-lake Dziani Dzaha (Mayotte, Indian Ocean) is dominated by the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Arthrospira. However, the rest of the phototrophic community remains underexplored because of their minute dimension or lower biomass. To characterize the phototrophic microorganisms living in this ecosystem considered as a modern analog of Precambrian environments, several strains were isolated from the water column and stromatolites and analyzed using the polyphasic approach. Based on morphological, ultrastructural and molecular (16S rRNA gene, 18S rRNA gene, 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and cpcBA-IGS locus) methods, seven filamentous cyanobacteria and the prasinophyte Picocystis salinarum were identified. Two new genera and four new cyanobacteria species belonging to the orders Oscillatoriales (Desertifilum dzianense sp. nov.) and Synechococcales (Sodalinema komarekii gen. nov., sp. nov., Sodaleptolyngbya stromatolitii gen. nov., sp. nov. and Haloleptolyngbya elongata sp. nov.) were described. This approach also allowed to identify Arthrospira fusiformis with exclusively straight trichomes instead of the spirally coiled form commonly observed in the genus. This study evidenced the importance of using the polyphasic approach to solve the complex taxonomy of cyanobacteria and to study algal assemblages from unexplored ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cellamare
- UMR 7245 MCAM MNHN-CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.,Phyto-Quality, 15 rue Pétrarque, 75116 Paris, France
| | - C Duval
- UMR 7245 MCAM MNHN-CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Y Drelin
- UMR 7245 MCAM MNHN-CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - C Djediat
- UMR 7245 MCAM MNHN-CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.,Electron Microscopy Platform, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - N Touibi
- UMR 7245 MCAM MNHN-CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.,Electron Microscopy Platform, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - H Agogué
- UMR 7266 LIENSs CNRS, Université de La Rochelle, F-17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - C Leboulanger
- UMR 9190 MARBEC IRD-CNRS, Université de Montpellier-IFREMER, Avenue Jean Monnet, F-34200 Sète, France
| | - M Ader
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, UMR 7154 CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - C Bernard
- UMR 7245 MCAM MNHN-CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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7
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Jung P, Briegel-Williams L, Schermer M, Büdel B. Strong in combination: Polyphasic approach enhances arguments for cold-assigned cyanobacterial endemism. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00729. [PMID: 30239166 PMCID: PMC6528576 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria of biological soil crusts (BSCs) represent an important part of circumpolar and Alpine ecosystems, serve as indicators for ecological condition and climate change, and function as ecosystem engineers by soil stabilization or carbon and nitrogen input. The characterization of cyanobacteria from both polar regions remains extremely important to understand geographic distribution patterns and community compositions. This study is the first of its kind revealing the efficiency of combining denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), light microscopy and culture‐based 16S rRNA gene sequencing, applied to polar and Alpine cyanobacteria dominated BSCs. This study aimed to show the living proportion of cyanobacteria as an extension to previously published meta‐transcriptome data of the same study sites. Molecular fingerprints showed a distinct clustering of cyanobacterial communities with a close relationship between Arctic and Alpine populations, which differed from those found in Antarctica. Species richness and diversity supported these results, which were also confirmed by microscopic investigations of living cyanobacteria from the BSCs. Isolate‐based sequencing corroborated these trends as cold biome clades were assigned, which included a potentially new Arctic clade of Oculatella. Thus, our results contribute to the debate regarding biogeography of cyanobacteria of cold biomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Jung
- Plant Ecology and Systematics, Biology Institute, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Laura Briegel-Williams
- Plant Ecology and Systematics, Biology Institute, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Schermer
- Plant Ecology and Systematics, Biology Institute, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Burkhard Büdel
- Plant Ecology and Systematics, Biology Institute, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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8
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Palinska KA, Schneider T, Surosz W. Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies of benthic mat-forming cyanobacteria on the NW Svalbard. Polar Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Mazard S, Penesyan A, Ostrowski M, Paulsen IT, Egan S. Tiny Microbes with a Big Impact: The Role of Cyanobacteria and Their Metabolites in Shaping Our Future. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E97. [PMID: 27196915 PMCID: PMC4882571 DOI: 10.3390/md14050097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are among the first microorganisms to have inhabited the Earth. Throughout the last few billion years, they have played a major role in shaping the Earth as the planet we live in, and they continue to play a significant role in our everyday lives. Besides being an essential source of atmospheric oxygen, marine cyanobacteria are prolific secondary metabolite producers, often despite the exceptionally small genomes. Secondary metabolites produced by these organisms are diverse and complex; these include compounds, such as pigments and fluorescent dyes, as well as biologically-active compounds with a particular interest for the pharmaceutical industry. Cyanobacteria are currently regarded as an important source of nutrients and biofuels and form an integral part of novel innovative energy-efficient designs. Being autotrophic organisms, cyanobacteria are well suited for large-scale biotechnological applications due to the low requirements for organic nutrients. Recent advances in molecular biology techniques have considerably enhanced the potential for industries to optimize the production of cyanobacteria secondary metabolites with desired functions. This manuscript reviews the environmental role of marine cyanobacteria with a particular focus on their secondary metabolites and discusses current and future developments in both the production of desired cyanobacterial metabolites and their potential uses in future innovative projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mazard
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Anahit Penesyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Martin Ostrowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Ian T Paulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Suhelen Egan
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
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10
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Jancusova M, Kovacik L, Pereira AB, Dusinsky R, Wilmotte A. Polyphasic characterization of 10 selected ecologically relevant filamentous cyanobacterial strains from the South Shetland Islands, Maritime Antarctica. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw100. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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McAllister TG, Wood SA, Hawes I. The rise of toxic benthic Phormidium proliferations: A review of their taxonomy, distribution, toxin content and factors regulating prevalence and increased severity. HARMFUL ALGAE 2016; 55:282-294. [PMID: 28073542 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
There has been a marked increase in the distribution, intensity and frequency of proliferations of some species of the benthic mat-forming, toxin-producing genus Phormidium in rivers globally over the last decade. This review summarises current knowledge on their taxonomy, distribution, toxin content, environmental drivers of proliferations, and monitoring and management strategies in New Zealand. Although toxic Phormidium proliferation occurs in rivers worldwide little is known about these factors in most countries. Proliferations, defined as >20% cover of a riverbed, have been identified in 103 rivers across New Zealand. Morphological and molecular data indicate the main species responsible is Phormidium autumnale. In New Zealand Phormidium produces anatoxins (anatoxin-a, homoanatoxin-a, dihydroanatoxin-a, and dihydrohomoanatoxin-a) and these were detected in 67% of 771 samples from 40 rivers. The highest concentration measured was 712mgkg-1 dried weight (Oreti River, Southland), with considerable spatial and temporal variability in anatoxin concentrations between and within rivers. A synthesis of field based studies suggests that Phormidium proliferations are most likely when there is some enrichment of dissolved inorganic nitrogen but when water-column dissolved reactive phosphorus is less than 0.01mgL-1. Once established Phormidium-dominated mats trap sediment and internal mat biogeochemistry can mobilise sediment-bound phosphorus, which is then available for growth. Removal of Phormidium-dominated mats is primarily due to shear stress and substrate disturbance, although there is also evidence for autogenic detachment. A combination of factors including; changes to riparian margins, increased nitrate and fine sediment loads, and alterations in flow regimes are likely to have contributed to the rise in Phormidium proliferations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara G McAllister
- Waterways Centre for Freshwater Management, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Susanna A Wood
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand; Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Ian Hawes
- Waterways Centre for Freshwater Management, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Martins MD, Rigonato J, Taboga SR, Branco LHZ. Proposal of Ancylothrix gen. nov., a new genus of Phormidiaceae (Cyanobacteria, Oscillatoriales) based on a polyphasic approach. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:2396-2405. [PMID: 27031844 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During a study about the diversity of Phormidioideae (Phormidiaceae, Oscillatoriales) in Brazil, seven strains from southern and southeastern regions were isolated in monospecifc cultures and submitted to polyphasic evaluation (morphological, ecological, cytological and molecular studies). The populations studied were found to be morphologically similar to Kamptonema (filaments narrowed and bent at the end) and cytologically different (thylakoids' arrangement - radial distribution in Brazilian strains and parietal distribution in Kamptonema). The original habitats were very diverse among the Brazilian strains (freshwater, wet soil and barks of trees). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strains were placed together in a very distinctive and highly supported clade. Thus, the set of characteristics of the strains resulted in the recognition of the new genus Ancylothrix Martins et Branco gen. nov. with two species [Ancylothrix rivularis gen. nov., sp. nov. (type species) and Ancylothrix terrestris sp. nov.], distinguishable by differences in genetic and ecological characteristics and described under the provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants. Secondary structures of D1-D1', box-B and V3 regions were conserved in A. rivularis gen. nov. sp. nov. and more variable in A. terrestris sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariellen Dornelles Martins
- Zoology and Botany Department, IBILCE/UNESP, São Paulo State University, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265 - BR15054-000, São José do Rio Preto (SP), Brazil
| | - Janaina Rigonato
- Zoology and Botany Department, IBILCE/UNESP, São Paulo State University, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265 - BR15054-000, São José do Rio Preto (SP), Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Biology Department, IBILCE/UNESP, São Paulo State University, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265 - BR15054-000, São José do Rio Preto (SP), Brazil
| | - Luis Henrique Zanini Branco
- Zoology and Botany Department, IBILCE/UNESP, São Paulo State University, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265 - BR15054-000, São José do Rio Preto (SP), Brazil
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Chrismas NAM, Anesio AM, Sánchez-Baracaldo P. Multiple adaptations to polar and alpine environments within cyanobacteria: a phylogenomic and Bayesian approach. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1070. [PMID: 26528250 PMCID: PMC4602134 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are major primary producers in the polar and alpine regions contributing significantly to nitrogen and carbon cycles in the cryosphere. Recent advancements in environmental sequencing techniques have revealed great molecular diversity of microorganisms in cold environments. However, there are no comprehensive phylogenetic analyses including the entire known diversity of cyanobacteria from these extreme environments. We present here a global phylogenetic analysis of cyanobacteria including an extensive dataset comprised of available small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequences of cyanobacteria from polar and high altitude environments. Furthermore, we used a large-scale multi-gene (135 proteins and 2 ribosomal RNAs) genome constraint including 57 cyanobacterial genomes. Our analyses produced the first phylogeny of cold cyanobacteria exhibiting robust deep branching relationships implementing a phylogenomic approach. We recovered several clades common to Arctic, Antarctic and alpine sites suggesting that the traits necessary for survival in the cold have been acquired by a range of different mechanisms in all major cyanobacteria lineages. Bayesian ancestral state reconstruction revealed that 20 clades each have common ancestors with high probabilities of being capable of surviving in cold environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A M Chrismas
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Alexandre M Anesio
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
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14
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Genuário DB, Corrêa DM, Komárek J, Fiore MF. Characterization of freshwater benthic biofilm-forming Hydrocoryne (Cyanobacteria) isolates from Antarctica. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2013; 49:1142-1153. [PMID: 27007634 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this work were to study cyanobacterial isolates resembling the genus Hydrocoryne using a combination of morphology and phylogeny of 16S rRNA and nifH sequences and to investigate genes involved in cyanotoxin and protease inhibitor production. Four new cyanobacterial strains, isolated from biofilm samples collected from King George Island, Antarctica, were studied. In terms of morphology, these new strains share traits similar to true Anabaena morphotypes (benthic ones), whereas phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences grouped them with the sequence of the type species Hydrocoryne spongiosa (H. Schwabe ex Bornet and Flahault 1886-1888), but not with sequences of the type species from the genus Anabaena. This cluster is the sister group of Anabaena morphotypes isolated only from the Gulf of Finland. In addition, this cluster is related to two other clusters formed by sequences of Anabaena isolated from different sites. Partial nifH genes were sequenced from two strains and the phylogenetic tree revealed that the Antarctic nifH sequences clustered with sequences from Anabaena. Furthermore, two strains were tested, using PCR with specific primers, for the presence of genes involved in cyanotoxins (microcystin and saxitoxin) and protease inhibitor (aeruginosin, and cyanopeptolin). Only cyanopeptolin was amplified using PCR. These four Hydrocoryne strains are the first to be isolated and sequenced from Antarctica, which improves our knowledge on this poorly defined cyanobacterial genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Bonaldo Genuário
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenário 303, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Débora Machado Corrêa
- Botany Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Jiří Komárek
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, Třeboň, CZ-37982, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 35, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic
| | - Marli Fátima Fiore
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenário 303, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil
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Strunecký O, Komárek J, Johansen J, Lukešová A, Elster J. Molecular and morphological criteria for revision of the genus Microcoleus (Oscillatoriales, Cyanobacteria). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2013; 49:1167-1180. [PMID: 27007635 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ninety-two strains of Microcoleus vaginatus (=nomenclatural-type species of the genus Microcoleus Desmazières ex Gomont) and Phormidium autumnale Trevisan ex Gomont from a wide diversity of regions and biotopes were examined using a combination of morphological and molecular methods. Phylogenies based on the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S ITS (partial) demonstrated that the 92 strains, together with a number of strains in GenBank, were members of a highly supported monophyletic clade of strains (Bayesian posterior probability = 1.0) distant from the species-cluster containing the generitype of Phormidium. Similarity of the 16S rRNA gene exceeded 95.5% among all members of the Microcoleus clade, but was less than 95% between any Microcoleus strains and species outside of the clade (e.g., Phormidium sensu stricto). These findings, which are in agreement with earlier studies on these taxa, necessitate the revision of Microcoleus to include P. autumnale. Furthermore, the cluster of Phormidium species in the P. autumnale group (known as Group VII) must be moved into Microcoleus as well, and these nomenclatural transfers are included in this study. The main diacritical characters defining Microcoleus are related to the cytomorphology of trichomes, including: narrowed trichome ends, calyptra, cells shorter than wide up to more or less isodiametric, and facultative presence of sheaths. The majority of species are 4-10 μm in diameter. The possession of multiple trichomes in a common sheath is present facultatively in many but not all species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otakar Strunecký
- Institute of Botany, Centre for Phycology, The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, Třeboň, 379 82, Czech Republic
- Centre for Polar Ecology, Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Komárek
- Institute of Botany, Centre for Phycology, The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, Třeboň, 379 82, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jeffrey Johansen
- Biology, John Carroll University, University Heights, Ohio, 44118, USA
| | - Alena Lukešová
- Institute of Soil Biology, Biology Centre ASCR, v.v.i., Na Sádkách 7, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Elster
- Institute of Botany, Centre for Phycology, The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, Třeboň, 379 82, Czech Republic
- Centre for Polar Ecology, Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
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Pseudomonas prosekii sp. nov., a Novel Psychrotrophic Bacterium from Antarctica. Curr Microbiol 2013; 67:637-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Gupta V, Ratha SK, Sood A, Chaudhary V, Prasanna R. New insights into the biodiversity and applications of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)—Prospects and challenges. ALGAL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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18
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Within-mat variability in anatoxin-a and homoanatoxin-a production among benthic Phormidium (cyanobacteria) strains. Toxins (Basel) 2012; 4:900-12. [PMID: 23162704 PMCID: PMC3496995 DOI: 10.3390/toxins4100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Benthic Phormidium mats can contain high concentrations of the neurotoxins anatoxin-a and homoanatoxin-a. However, little is known about the co-occurrence of anatoxin-producing and non-anatoxin-producing strains within mats. There is also no data on variation in anatoxin content among toxic genotypes isolated from the same mat. In this study, 30 Phormidium strains were isolated from 1 cm(2) sections of Phormidium-dominated mats collected from three different sites. Strains were grown to stationary phase and their anatoxin-a, homoanatoxin-a, dihydroanatoxin-a and dihydrohomoanatoxin-a concentrations determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Each strain was characterized using morphological and molecular (16S rRNA gene sequences) techniques. Eighteen strains produced anatoxin-a, dihydroanatoxin-a or homoanatoxin-a. Strains isolated from each mat either all produced toxins, or were a mixture of anatoxin and non-anatoxin-producing genotypes. Based on morphology these genotypes could not be separated. The 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed a difference of at least 17 nucleotides among anatoxin and non-anatoxin-producing strains and these formed two separate sub-clades during phylogenetic analysis. The total anatoxin concentration among toxic strains varied from 2.21 to 211.88 mg kg(-1) (freeze dried weight), representing a 100 fold variation in toxin content. These data indicate that both the relative abundance of anatoxin and non-anatoxin-producing genotypes, and variations in anatoxin producing capability, can influence the overall toxin concentration of benthic Phormidium mat samples.
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Stanish LF, O'Neill SP, Gonzalez A, Legg TM, Knelman J, McKnight DM, Spaulding S, Nemergut DR. Bacteria and diatom co-occurrence patterns in microbial mats from polar desert streams. Environ Microbiol 2012; 15:1115-31. [PMID: 22998505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ephemeral stream habitats of the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica support desiccation and freeze-tolerant microbial mats that are hot spots of primary productivity in an otherwise inhospitable environment. The ecological processes that structure bacterial communities in this harsh environment are not known; however, insights from diatom community ecology may prove to be informative. We examined the relationships between diatoms and bacteria at the community and taxon levels. The diversity and community structure of stream microbial mats were characterized using high-throughput pyrosequencing for bacteria and morphological identification for diatoms. We found significant relationships between diatom communities and the communities of cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria, and co-occurrence analysis identified numerous correlations between the relative abundances of individual diatom and bacterial taxa, which may result from species interactions. Additionally, the strength of correlations between heterotrophic bacteria and diatoms varied along a hydrologic gradient, indicating that flow regime may influence the overall community structure. Phylogenetic consistency in the co-occurrence patterns suggests that the associations are ecologically relevant. Despite these community- and taxon-level relationships, diatom and bacterial alpha diversity were inversely correlated, which may highlight a fundamental difference between the processes that influence bacterial and diatom community assembly in these streams. Our results therefore demonstrate that the relationships between diatoms and bacteria are complex and may result from species interactions as well as niche-specific processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee F Stanish
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, 1560 30th St, Campus Box 450, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
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20
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Voorhies AA, Biddanda BA, Kendall ST, Jain S, Marcus DN, Nold SC, Sheldon ND, Dick GJ. Cyanobacterial life at low O(2): community genomics and function reveal metabolic versatility and extremely low diversity in a Great Lakes sinkhole mat. GEOBIOLOGY 2012; 10:250-67. [PMID: 22404795 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2012.00322.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are renowned as the mediators of Earth's oxygenation. However, little is known about the cyanobacterial communities that flourished under the low-O(2) conditions that characterized most of their evolutionary history. Microbial mats in the submerged Middle Island Sinkhole of Lake Huron provide opportunities to investigate cyanobacteria under such persistent low-O(2) conditions. Here, venting groundwater rich in sulfate and low in O(2) supports a unique benthic ecosystem of purple-colored cyanobacterial mats. Beneath the mat is a layer of carbonate that is enriched in calcite and to a lesser extent dolomite. In situ benthic metabolism chambers revealed that the mats are net sinks for O(2), suggesting primary production mechanisms other than oxygenic photosynthesis. Indeed, (14)C-bicarbonate uptake studies of autotrophic production show variable contributions from oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis and chemosynthesis, presumably because of supply of sulfide. These results suggest the presence of either facultatively anoxygenic cyanobacteria or a mix of oxygenic/anoxygenic types of cyanobacteria. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing revealed a remarkably low-diversity mat community dominated by just one genotype most closely related to the cyanobacterium Phormidium autumnale, for which an essentially complete genome was reconstructed. Also recovered were partial genomes from a second genotype of Phormidium and several Oscillatoria. Despite the taxonomic simplicity, diverse cyanobacterial genes putatively involved in sulfur oxidation were identified, suggesting a diversity of sulfide physiologies. The dominant Phormidium genome reflects versatile metabolism and physiology that is specialized for a communal lifestyle under fluctuating redox conditions and light availability. Overall, this study provides genomic and physiologic insights into low-O(2) cyanobacterial mat ecosystems that played crucial geobiological roles over long stretches of Earth history.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Voorhies
- Deptartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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21
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Metcalf JS, Richer R, Cox PA, Codd GA. Cyanotoxins in desert environments may present a risk to human health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 421-422:118-23. [PMID: 22369867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
There have been few studies concerning cyanotoxins in desert environments, compared with the multitude of studies of cyanotoxins in aquatic environments. However, cyanobacteria are important primary producers in desert environments, where after seasonal rains they can grow rapidly both stabilising and fertilising arid habitats. Samples of cyanobacteria from wadis - dry, ephemeral river beds - and sabkha - supertidal salt flats - in Qatar were analysed for the presence of microcystins, nodularin, anatoxin-a, cylindrospermopsin and anatoxin-a(S). Microcystins were detected by HPLC-PDA and ELISA at concentrations between 1.5 and 53.7ngg(-1) dry wt of crust. PCR products for the mycD gene for microcystin biosynthesis were detected after amplification of DNA from desert crust samples at two out of three sample sites. The presence of anatoxin-a(S) was also indicated by acetylcholine esterase inhibition assay. As a function of area of desert crust, microcystin concentrations were between 3 and 56μgm(-2). Based on the concentration of microcystins detected in crust, with reference to the published inhalation NOAEL and LOAEL values via nasal spray inhalation of purified microcystin-LR in aqueous solution, and the amount of dust potentially inhaled by a person from these dried crusts, the dose of microcystins could exceed a calculated TDI value of 1-2ngkg(-1)day(-1) for an average adult. The presence of microcystins, and potentially of anatoxin-a(S), in desert crusts has important implications for human health. Further studies are required to monitor desert dust storms for the presence of cyanotoxins. An understanding of the risks of inhaling particles containing cyanotoxins is also warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Metcalf
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK.
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22
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Stanish LF, Nemergut DR, McKnight DM. Hydrologic processes influence diatom community composition in Dry Valley streams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1899/11-008.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee F Stanish
- Environmental Studies Program, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, 1560 30th Street, Campus Box 450, Boulder, Colorado 80309 USA
| | - Diana R Nemergut
- Environmental Studies Program, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, 1560 30th Street, Campus Box 450, Boulder, Colorado 80309 USA
| | - Diane M McKnight
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, 1560 30th Street, Campus Box 450, Boulder, Colorado 80309 USA
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23
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Wood SA, Kuhajek JM, de Winton M, Phillips NR. Species composition and cyanotoxin production in periphyton mats from three lakes of varying trophic status. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2011; 79:312-26. [PMID: 22092304 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In lakes, benthic micro-algae and cyanobacteria (periphyton) can contribute significantly to total primary productivity and provide important food sources for benthic invertebrates. Despite recognition of their importance, few studies have explored the diversity of the algal and cyanobacterial composition of periphyton mats in temperate lakes. In this study, we sampled periphyton from three New Zealand lakes: Tikitapu (oligotrophic), Ōkāreka (mesotrophic) and Rotoiti (eutrophic). Statistical analysis of morphological data showed a clear delineation in community structure among lakes and highlighted the importance of cyanobacteria. Automated rRNA intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) and 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were used to investigate cyanobacterial diversity. Despite the close geographic proximity of the lakes, cyanobacterial species differed markedly. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified eight cyanobacterial OTUs. A comparison with other known cyanobacterial sequences in GenBank showed relatively low similarities (91-97%). Cyanotoxin analysis identified nodularin in all mats from Lake Tikitapu. ndaF gene sequences from these samples had very low (≤ 89%) homology to sequences in other known nodularin producers. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of nodularin in a freshwater environment in the absence of Nodularia. Six cyanobacteria species were isolated from Lake Tikitapu mats. None were found to produce nodularin. Five of the species shared low (< 97%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with other cultured cyanobacteria.
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24
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Callejas C, Gill PR, Catalán AI, Azziz G, Castro-Sowinski S, Batista S. Phylotype diversity in a benthic cyanobacterial mat community on King George Island, maritime Antarctica. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 27:1507-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Mazmouz R, Chapuis-Hugon F, Mann S, Pichon V, Méjean A, Ploux O. Biosynthesis of cylindrospermopsin and 7-epicylindrospermopsin in Oscillatoria sp. strain PCC 6506: identification of the cyr gene cluster and toxin analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:4943-9. [PMID: 20525864 PMCID: PMC2916468 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00717-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cylindrospermopsin is a cytotoxin produced by Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and other cyanobacteria that has been implicated in human intoxications. We report here the complete sequence of the gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of this toxin in Oscillatoria sp. strain PCC 6506. This cluster of genes was found to be homologous with that of C. raciborskii but with a different gene organization. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an optimized liquid chromatography analytical method coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, we detected 7-epicylindrospermopsin, cylindrospermopsin, and 7-deoxycylindrospermopsin in the culture medium of axenic Oscillatoria PCC 6506 at the following relative concentrations: 68.6%, 30.2%, and 1.2%, respectively. We measured the intracellular and extracellular concentrations, per mg of dried cells of Oscillatoria PCC 6506, of 7-epicylindrospermopsin (0.18 microg/mg and 0.29 microg/mg, respectively) and cylindrospermopsin (0.10 microg/mg and 0.11 microg/mg, respectively). We showed that these two toxins accumulated in the culture medium of Oscillatoria PCC 6506 but that the ratio (2.5 +/- 0.3) was constant with 7-epicylindrospermopsin being the major metabolite. We also determined the concentrations of these toxins in culture media of other Oscillatoria strains, PCC 6407, PCC 6602, PCC 7926, and PCC 10702, and found that, except for PCC 6602, they all produced 7-epicylindrospermopsin and cylindrospermopsin, with the former being the major toxin, except for PCC 7926, which produced very little 7-epicylindrospermopsin. All the cylindrospermopsin producers studied gave a PCR product using specific primers for the amplification of the cyrJ gene from genomic DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Mazmouz
- Laboratoire Charles Friedel, UMR CNRS 7223, ENSCP ChimieParisTech, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75013 Paris, France, Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique, UMR PECSA CNRS 7195, ESPCI ParisTech, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Florence Chapuis-Hugon
- Laboratoire Charles Friedel, UMR CNRS 7223, ENSCP ChimieParisTech, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75013 Paris, France, Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique, UMR PECSA CNRS 7195, ESPCI ParisTech, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Stéphane Mann
- Laboratoire Charles Friedel, UMR CNRS 7223, ENSCP ChimieParisTech, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75013 Paris, France, Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique, UMR PECSA CNRS 7195, ESPCI ParisTech, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Valérie Pichon
- Laboratoire Charles Friedel, UMR CNRS 7223, ENSCP ChimieParisTech, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75013 Paris, France, Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique, UMR PECSA CNRS 7195, ESPCI ParisTech, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Annick Méjean
- Laboratoire Charles Friedel, UMR CNRS 7223, ENSCP ChimieParisTech, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75013 Paris, France, Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique, UMR PECSA CNRS 7195, ESPCI ParisTech, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Olivier Ploux
- Laboratoire Charles Friedel, UMR CNRS 7223, ENSCP ChimieParisTech, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75013 Paris, France, Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique, UMR PECSA CNRS 7195, ESPCI ParisTech, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Strunecký O, Elster J, Komárek J. Phylogenetic relationships between geographically separate Phormidium cyanobacteria: is there a link between north and south polar regions? Polar Biol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-010-0834-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Heath MW, Wood SA, Ryan KG. Polyphasic assessment of fresh-water benthic mat-forming cyanobacteria isolated from New Zealand. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2010; 73:95-109. [PMID: 20455945 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mat-forming benthic cyanobacteria are widespread throughout New Zealand rivers, and their ingestion has been linked to animal poisonings. In this study, potentially toxic benthic cyanobacterial proliferations were collected from 21 rivers and lakes throughout New Zealand. Each environmental sample was screened for anatoxins using liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS). Thirty-six cyanobacterial strains were isolated and cultured from these samples. A polyphasic approach was used to identify each isolate; this included genotypic analyses [16S rRNA gene sequences and intergenic spacer (ITS)] and morphological characterization. Each culture was analysed for anatoxins using LC-MS and screened for microcystin production potential using targeted PCR. The morphospecies Phormidium autumnale was found to be the dominant cyanobacterium in mat samples. Polyphasic analyses revealed multiple slight morphological variants within the P. autumnale clade and highlighted the difficulties in identifying Oscillatoriaceae. Only one morphospecies (comprising the two strains CYN52 and CYN53) of P. autumnale was found to produce anatoxins. These strains formed their own clade based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequences. These data indicate that benthic P. autumnale mats are composed of multiple morphospecies and toxin production is dependent on the presence of toxin-producing genotypes. Further cyanobacteria are also characterized, including Phormidium murrayi, which was identified for the first time outside of Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Heath
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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28
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Nold SC, Pangborn JB, Zajack HA, Kendall ST, Rediske RR, Biddanda BA. Benthic bacterial diversity in submerged sinkhole ecosystems. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:347-51. [PMID: 19880643 PMCID: PMC2798655 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01186-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Physicochemical characterization, automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) community profiling, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing approaches were used to study bacterial communities inhabiting submerged Lake Huron sinkholes inundated with hypoxic, sulfate-rich groundwater. Photosynthetic cyanobacterial mats on the sediment surface were dominated by Phormidium autumnale, while deeper, organically rich sediments contained diverse and active bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Nold
- University of Wisconsin-Stout, 410 10th Avenue East, Menomonie, WI 54751, USA.
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29
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Jungblut AD, Lovejoy C, Vincent WF. Global distribution of cyanobacterial ecotypes in the cold biosphere. ISME JOURNAL 2009; 4:191-202. [PMID: 19890368 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2009.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Perennially cold habitats are diminishing as a result of climate change; however, little is known of the diversity or biogeography of microbes that thrive in such environments. Here we use targeted 16S rRNA gene surveys to evaluate the global affinities of cold-dwelling cyanobacteria from lake, stream and ice communities living at the northern limit of High Arctic Canada. Pigment signature analysis by HPLC confirmed the dominance of cyanobacteria in the phototrophic communities of these High Arctic microbial mats, with associated populations of chlorophytes and chromophytes. Microscopic analysis of the cyanobacteria revealed a diverse assemblage of morphospecies grouping into orders Oscillatoriales, Nostocales and Chroococcales. The 16S rRNA gene sequences from six clone libraries grouped into a total of 24 ribotypes, with a diversity in each mat ranging from five ribotypes in ice-based communities to 14 in land-based pond communities. However, no significant differences in composition were observed between these two microbial mat systems. Based on clone-library and phylogenetic analysis, several of the High Arctic ribotypes were found to be >99% similar to Antarctic and alpine sequences, including to taxa previously considered endemic to Antarctica. Among the latter, one High Arctic sequence was found 99.8% similar to Leptolyngbya antarctica sequenced from the Larsemann Hills, Antarctica. More than 68% of all identified ribotypes at each site matched only cyanobacterial sequences from perennially cold terrestrial ecosystems, and were <97.5% similar to sequences from warmer environments. These results imply the global distribution of low-temperature cyanobacterial ecotypes throughout the cold terrestrial biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne D Jungblut
- Département de Biologie and Centre d'Etudes Nordiques, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
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30
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Freeman KR, Pescador MY, Reed SC, Costello EK, Robeson MS, Schmidt SK. Soil CO2 flux and photoautotrophic community composition in high-elevation, 'barren' soil. Environ Microbiol 2009; 11:674-86. [PMID: 19187281 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Soil-dominated ecosystems, with little or no plant cover (i.e. deserts, polar regions, high-elevation areas and zones of glacial retreat), are often described as 'barren', despite their potential to host photoautotrophic microbial communities. In high-elevation, subnival zone soil (i.e. elevations higher than the zone of continuous vegetation), the structure and function of these photoautotrophic microbial communities remains essentially unknown. We measured soil CO(2) flux at three sites (above 3600 m) and used molecular techniques to determine the composition and distribution of soil photoautotrophs in the Colorado Front Range. Soil CO(2) flux data from 2002 and 2007 indicate that light-driven CO(2) uptake occurred on most dates. A diverse community of Cyanobacteria, Chloroflexi and eukaryotic algae was present in the top 2 cm of the soil, whereas these clades were nearly absent in deeper soils (2-4 cm). Cyanobacterial communities were composed of lineages most closely related to Microcoleus vaginatus and Phormidium murrayi, eukaryotic photoautotrophs were dominated by green algae, and three novel clades of Chloroflexi were also abundant in the surface soil. During the light hours of the 2007 snow-free measurement period, CO(2) uptake was conservatively estimated to be 23.7 g C m(-2) season(-1). Our study reveals that photoautotrophic microbial communities play an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of subnival zone soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Freeman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0334, USA
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31
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Vishnivetskaya TA. Viable Cyanobacteria and Green Algae from the Permafrost Darkness. SOIL BIOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-69371-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Dorador C, Vila I, Imhoff JF, Witzel KP. Cyanobacterial diversity in Salar de Huasco, a high altitude saline wetland in northern Chile: an example of geographical dispersion? FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2008; 64:419-32. [PMID: 18410357 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00483.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of Cyanobacteria in water and sediment samples from four representative sites of the Salar de Huasco was examined using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and analysis of clone libraries of 16S rRNA gene PCR products. Salar de Huasco is a high altitude (3800 m altitude) saline wetland located in the Chilean Altiplano. We analyzed samples from a tributary stream (H0) and three shallow lagoons (H1, H4, H6) that contrasted in their physicochemical conditions and associated biota. Seventy-eight phylotypes were identified in a total of 268 clonal sequences deriving from seven clone libraries of water and sediment samples. Oscillatoriales were frequently found in water samples from sites H0, H1 and H4 and in sediment samples from sites H1 and H4. Pleurocapsales were found only at site H0, while Chroococcales were recovered from sediment samples of sites H0 and H1, and from water samples of site H1. Nostocales were found in sediment samples from sites H1 and H4, and water samples from site H1 and were largely represented by sequences highly similar to Nodularia spumigena. We suggest that cyanobacterial communities from Salar de Huasco are unique - they include sequences related to others previously described from the Antarctic, along with others from diverse, but less extreme environments.
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Komárek J, Elster J, Komárek O. Diversity of the cyanobacterial microflora of the northern part of James Ross Island, NW Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Polar Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-008-0424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Palinska KA, Marquardt J. Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of strains assigned to the widespread cyanobacterial morphospecies Phormidium autumnale (Oscillatoriales). Arch Microbiol 2007; 189:325-35. [PMID: 18034229 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-007-0323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Revised: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, ten cyanobacterial strains assigned to the oscillatorian species Phormidium autumnale have been characterized using a polyphasic approach by comparing phenotypic and molecular characteristics. The phenotypic analysis dealt with cell and filament morphology, ultrastructure, and pigment content. The molecular phylogenetic analyses were based on sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and the adjacent intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS). The strains were quite homogenous in their morphologic features. Their thylakoids showed a stacked or fascicular pattern. Some, but not all strains contained phycoerythrin. Only one strain (P. autumnale UTCC 476) deviated significantly in its phenotype by lacking a calyptra. In neighbour-joining and maximum Parsimony trees most 16S rRNA sequences were located on a single well-defined branch, which, however, also harboured sequences assigned to other cyanobacterial genera. Two strains (P. autumnale UTCC 476 and P. autumnale UTEX 1580) were found on distant branches. The presence of phycoerythrin was not correlated with the strains' position in the phylogenetic trees. Our results reconfirm that the morphospecies P. autumnale and the Phormidium group in general are not phylogenetically coherent and require revision. However, as indicated by sequence similarities most of the strains assigned to P. autumnale except P. autumnale UTCC 476 and P. autumnale UTEX 1580 are phylogenetically related and might belong to a single genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Palinska
- Department of Geomicrobiology, ICBM, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str., 9-11, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
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