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Albert-Belda E, Hinojosa MB, Laudicina VA, Moreno JM. Soil biogeochemistry and microbial community dynamics in Pinus pinaster Ait. forests subjected to increased fire frequency. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159912. [PMID: 36336047 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fire frequency might increase in many fire-dominated ecosystems of the world due to the combined effects of global warming, land-use change and increased human pressures. Understanding how changes in fire frequency can affect the main soil biogeochemical dynamics, as well as the microbial community, in the long term is utmost important. Here we determined the effect of changes in fire frequency and other fire history characteristics on soil C and N dynamics and the main microbial groups (using soil fatty acid profiles), in Pinus pinaster forests from central Spain. Stands were chosen to differ in the number of fires (1 to 3) occurred between 1976 and 2018, in the time elapsed since the last fire and the interval undergone between the last two consecutive fires. We found that, in general, most of the studied biogeochemical and microbial variables showed clear differences between unburned and burned stands. The time elapsed since the last fire was the most important fire history covariable and governed the main soil nutrient dynamics and microbial groups. Recovery to pre-fire values took 30-40 years. Increased wildfire frequency only modified total C and nitrification rate, but results were not consistent between stands burned twice and thrice. The time interval (years) between the last two fires was not a significant covariable. The fact that some stands burnt up to thrice in a period of 43 years supports the strong capacity of this ecosystem to recover, even under an increased fire frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Albert-Belda
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Fábrica de Armas, E-45071 Toledo, Spain.
| | - M Belén Hinojosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Fábrica de Armas, E-45071 Toledo, Spain.
| | - Vito Armando Laudicina
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, bulding 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - José M Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Fábrica de Armas, E-45071 Toledo, Spain
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2
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Responses in Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Fractionation after Prescribed Burning in the Montseny Biosphere Reserve (NE Iberian Peninsula). SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14074232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Prescribed fire is one of the most widely-used management tools to recover encroached rangelands. Fire has been reported to cause changes in the soil physical and chemical properties. However, the legacy effects of former plant species on soil responses to fire remains unknown. The legacy effect of the former extant plant species on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fractionation distribution after prescribed burning in topsoil (0–5 cm and 5–10 cm) was investigated in Mediterranean shrublands in Montseny. We sampled soils under five vegetation patch types: Cytisus scoparius L., Calluna vulgaris L., Erica arborea L., Pteridium aquilinum L., and Cladonia biocrusts, pre- and post-burning. Multivariate analysis on soil C and N fractions showed that soils under the legume Cytisus and the biocrust were the most differentiated. Vegetation patch types tended to respond differently to burning, soils under Cytisus, Cladonia and Calluna showing the strongest response. Total C and N, and C and N in sand decreased after burning in the 0–5 cm soil layer. Conversely, C in silt, as well as N in clay and silt, increased with soil depth after burning. This study will be helpful for understanding ecological legacy effects and their possible consequences when planning prescribed burning.
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Durán M, San Emeterio L, Múgica L, Zabalgogeazcoa I, Vázquez de Aldana BR, Canals RM. Disruption of Traditional Grazing and Fire Regimes Shape the Fungal Endophyte Assemblages of the Tall-Grass Brachypodium rupestre. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:679729. [PMID: 34177863 PMCID: PMC8226146 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.679729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant microbiome is likely to play a key role in the resilience of communities to the global climate change. This research analyses the culturable fungal mycobiota of Brachypodium rupestre across a sharp gradient of disturbance caused by an intense, anthropogenic fire regime. This factor has dramatic consequences for the community composition and diversity of high-altitude grasslands in the Pyrenees. Plants were sampled at six sites, and the fungal assemblages of shoots, rhizomes, and roots were characterized by culture-dependent techniques. Compared to other co-occurring grasses, B. rupestre hosted a poorer mycobiome which consisted of many rare species and a few core species that differed between aerial and belowground tissues. Recurrent burnings did not affect the diversity of the endophyte assemblages, but the percentages of infection of two core species -Omnidemptus graminis and Lachnum sp. -increased significantly. The patterns observed might be explained by (1) the capacity to survive in belowground tissues during winter and rapidly spread to the shoots when the grass starts its spring growth (O. graminis), and (2) the location in belowground tissues and its resistance to stress (Lachnum sp.). Future work should address whether the enhanced taxa have a role in the expansive success of B. rupestre in these anthropized environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Durán
- Grupo de Ecología y Medio Ambiente, Departamento de Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro Jerónimo de Ayanz, Institute on Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leticia San Emeterio
- Grupo de Ecología y Medio Ambiente, Departamento de Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro Jerónimo de Ayanz, Institute on Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leire Múgica
- Grupo de Ecología y Medio Ambiente, Departamento de Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro Jerónimo de Ayanz, Institute on Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñigo Zabalgogeazcoa
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Rosa María Canals
- Grupo de Ecología y Medio Ambiente, Departamento de Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro Jerónimo de Ayanz, Institute on Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain, Pamplona, Spain
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Fraterrigo JM, Rembelski MK. Frequent Fire Reduces the Magnitude of Positive Interactions Between an Invasive Grass and Soil Microbes in Temperate Forests. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lombao A, Barreiro A, Fontúrbel MT, Martín A, Carballas T, Díaz-Raviña M. Key factors controlling microbial community responses after a fire: Importance of severity and recurrence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140363. [PMID: 32615429 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires are a major problem in Mediterranean forest ecosystems, affecting the same area year after year. Their severity is increasing, partly due to climate change and hence, every now and then, virulent fires of high severity spread ravage this region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of fire regime (recurrence, severity) in soil microbial community structure analyzing the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and the microbial functional diversity assessing the level physiological profiling technique (CLPP). Samples of a soil affected by a high severities wildfire and a soil affected by a low severity experimental fire were heated under laboratory conditions at different temperatures to simulate different fire severity. To simulate fire recurrence, the heating treatment was repeated after one month of incubation. The fire severity was estimated as the amount of heat supplied to samples by degree-hour methodology. A marked impact of fire regime on soil microorganisms was detected; the microbial community response varied depending on previous history of fire and the magnitude of changes in PLFA pattern and CLPP, was related to the amount of heat supplied to the samples. Wildfires had a greater impact on microbial community structure than subsequent soil heating in the laboratory. The total biomass and the biomass of specific groups of microorganisms decreased notably as a consequence of wildfire and minor changes were detected due to the experimental fire and soil heating under laboratory conditions. The results clearly showed the usefulness of PLFA pattern to study the effect of fire regimes and associated direct and indirect changes in soil microorganisms and in soil quality. The data also indicated that the degree-hour methodology rather than maximum temperature is adequate to simulate fire severity and evaluate the impact of thermal shock on soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lombao
- Departamento de Bioquímica del Suelo, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG-CSIC), P.O. Box 122, Avda. Vigo s/n, 15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - A Barreiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica del Suelo, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG-CSIC), P.O. Box 122, Avda. Vigo s/n, 15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M T Fontúrbel
- Centro de Investigación Forestal-Lourizán, Consellería do Medio Rural, Xunta de Galicia, P.O. Box 127, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - A Martín
- Departamento de Bioquímica del Suelo, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG-CSIC), P.O. Box 122, Avda. Vigo s/n, 15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - T Carballas
- Departamento de Bioquímica del Suelo, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG-CSIC), P.O. Box 122, Avda. Vigo s/n, 15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Díaz-Raviña
- Departamento de Bioquímica del Suelo, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG-CSIC), P.O. Box 122, Avda. Vigo s/n, 15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Li W, Liu X, Niu S. Differential responses of the acidobacterial community in the topsoil and subsoil to fire disturbance in Pinus tabulaeformis stands. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8047. [PMID: 31844567 PMCID: PMC6911345 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidobacteria is found to be dominant and abundant in forest soil, and performs specific ecological functions (such as cellulose decomposition and photosynthetic capacity, etc.). However, relative limited is known about its changing patterns after a fire interruption. In this study, the response of soil Acidobacteria to a wildfire disturbance was investigated using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing system. The research area was classified by different severities of fire damage (high, moderate, and low severity, and an unburnt area), and samples were collected from various soil layers (0–10 cm as topsoil; 10–20 cm as subsoil). We obtained a total of 986,036 sequence reads; 31.77% of them belonged to Acidobacteria. Overall, 18 different Acidobacteria subgroups were detected, with subgroups 4, 6, 1, 3, and 2 the most abundant, accounting for 31.55%, 30.84%, 17.42%, 6.02%, and 5.81% of acidobacterial sequences across all samples, respectively. Although no significant differences in acidobacterial diversity were found in the same soil layer across different fire severities, we observed significantly lower numbers of reads, but higher Shannon and Simpson indices, in the topsoil of the high-severity fire area than in the subsoil. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) also revealed significant differences in the acidobacterial community structure between the two soil layers. Soil pH, total nitrogen, NH4+-N, the Shannon index of understory vegetation and canopy density were the major drivers for acidobacterial community structure in the topsoil, while soil pH and organic matter were significant factors in the subsoil. A variance partitioning analysis (VPA) showed that edaphic factors explained the highest variation both in the topsoil (15.6%) and subsoil (56.3%). However, there are large gaps in the understanding of this field of research that still need to be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weike Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Resources and Ecosystem Processes, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Fire Engineering, China Fire and Rescue Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Resources and Ecosystem Processes, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shukui Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Resources and Ecosystem Processes, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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7
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Long term repeated fire disturbance alters soil bacterial diversity but not the abundance in an Australian wet sclerophyll forest. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19639. [PMID: 26787458 PMCID: PMC4726133 DOI: 10.1038/srep19639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of fire on biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystem are widely acknowledged, while few studies have focused on the bacterial community under the disturbance of long-term frequent prescribed fire. In this study, three treatments (burning every two years (B2), burning every four years (B4) and no burning (B0)) were applied for 38 years in an Australian wet sclerophyll forest. Results showed that bacterial alpha diversity (i.e. bacterial OTU) in the top soil (0-10 cm) was significantly higher in the B2 treatment compared with the B0 and B4 treatments. Non-metric multidimensional analysis (NMDS) of bacterial community showed clear separation of the soil bacterial community structure among different fire frequency regimes and between the depths. Different frequency fire did not have a substantial effect on bacterial composition at phylum level or bacterial 16S rRNA gene abundance. Soil pH and C:N ratio were the major drivers for bacterial community structure in the most frequent fire treatment (B2), while other factors (EC, DOC, DON, MBC, NH4(+), TC and TN) were significant in the less frequent burning and no burning treatments (B4 and B0). This study suggested that burning had a dramatic impact on bacterial diversity but not abundance with more frequent fire.
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Brown SP, Callaham MA, Oliver AK, Jumpponen A. Deep Ion Torrent sequencing identifies soil fungal community shifts after frequent prescribed fires in a southeastern US forest ecosystem. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2013; 86:557-66. [PMID: 23869991 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prescribed burning is a common management tool to control fuel loads, ground vegetation, and facilitate desirable game species. We evaluated soil fungal community responses to long-term prescribed fire treatments in a loblolly pine forest on the Piedmont of Georgia and utilized deep Internal Transcribed Spacer Region 1 (ITS1) amplicon sequencing afforded by the recent Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM). These deep sequence data (19,000 + reads per sample after subsampling) indicate that frequent fires (3-year fire interval) shift soil fungus communities, whereas infrequent fires (6-year fire interval) permit system resetting to a state similar to that without prescribed fire. Furthermore, in nonmetric multidimensional scaling analyses, primarily ectomycorrhizal taxa were correlated with axes associated with long fire intervals, whereas soil saprobes tended to be correlated with the frequent fire recurrence. We conclude that (1) multiplexed Ion Torrent PGM analyses allow deep cost effective sequencing of fungal communities but may suffer from short read lengths and inconsistent sequence quality adjacent to the sequencing adaptor; (2) frequent prescribed fires elicit a shift in soil fungal communities; and (3) such shifts do not occur when fire intervals are longer. Our results emphasize the general responsiveness of these forests to management, and the importance of fire return intervals in meeting management objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn P Brown
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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9
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Holden SR, Gutierrez A, Treseder KK. Changes in Soil Fungal Communities, Extracellular Enzyme Activities, and Litter Decomposition Across a Fire Chronosequence in Alaskan Boreal Forests. Ecosystems 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-012-9594-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Rollett A, Schroeder M, Schneider KP, Fischer R, Kaufmann F, Schöftner R, Guebitz GM. Covalent immobilisation of protease and laccase substrates onto siloxanes. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 80:922-928. [PMID: 20547407 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Immobilisation of enzyme substrates is a powerful tool in the detection of enzymes in the chemosphere and the environment. A siloxane based strategy for the covalent immobilisation of oxidoreductase and protease substrates was developed involving activation of silica gel and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as model carriers with (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane or (3-mercaptopropyl)-trimethoxysilane (APTS, MPTS). Ferulic acid and L-Leucine-p-nitroanilide, Gly-Phe p-nitroanilide (GPpNA) and N-Succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Leu p-nitroanilide (SAAPLpNA) as laccase and protein substrates, respectively, were covalently attached using glutaraldehyde or carbodiimide based cross-linking strategies. In contrast to conversion in solution, immobilised SAAPLpNA was hydrolysed much faster by protease than immobilised GPpNA indicating steric hindrance with decreasing chain length between point of attachment and site of enzyme attack. Immobilised ferulic acid was oxidised by laccase both in case of MPTS and APTS-modified silica gel giving clearly visible colour changes with Delta E values of 7.2 and 2.3, respectively after 24h of incubation, where Delta E describes the distance between two colours. Similarly, clearly visible colour changes with a Delta E value of 8.6 were seen after laccase treatment of ferulic acid immobilised on APTS activated PET as carrier. Limited surface hydrolysis of PET with a cutinase enhanced coupling of APTS and ferulic acid due to a larger number of hydroxyl groups available on the surface and consequently led to a higher colour difference of Delta E=12.2 after laccase oxidation. The covalent coupling product between ferulic acid and 1,3-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane was identified by LC-MS (M+1m/z601) and successfully oxidised with laccase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Rollett
- Graz University of Technology, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Abstract
Coevolution can be a potent force in maintaining and generating biological diversity. Although coevolution is likely to have played a key role in the early development of mycorrhizal interactions, it is unclear how important coevolutionary processes are for ongoing trait evolution in those interactions. Empirical studies have shown that candidate coevolving traits, such as mycorrhizal colonization intensity, exhibit substantial heritable genetic variation within plant and fungal species and are influenced by plant genotype x fungal genotype interactions, suggesting the potential for ongoing coevolutionary selection. Selective source analysis (SSA) could be employed to build on these results, testing explicitly for ongoing coevolutionary selection and analyzing the influence of community context on local coevolutionary selection. Recent empirical studies suggest the potential for coevolution to drive adaptive differentiation among populations of plants and fungi, but further studies, especially using SSA in the context of field reciprocal transplant experiments, are needed to determine the importance of coevolutionary selection compared with nonreciprocal selection on species traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Hoeksema
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, PO Box 1848, University, MS 38677, USA
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Theuerl S, Dörr N, Guggenberger G, Langer U, Kaiser K, Lamersdorf N, Buscot F. Response of recalcitrant soil substances to reduced N deposition in a spruce forest soil: integrating laccase-encoding genes and lignin decomposition. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2010; 73:166-77. [PMID: 20491921 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00877.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A long-term field experiment conducted in a Norway spruce forest at Solling, Central Germany, was used to verify and compare the response of lignin-decomposing fungal communities in soils receiving current and preindustrial atmospheric nitrogen (N) input for 14.5 years. Therefore, we investigated the decomposition of lignin compounds in relation to phenol oxidase activity and the diversity of basidiomycetes containing laccase genes in organic and mineral horizons. Lignin-derived CuO oxidation products and enzyme activity decreased with soil depth, while the degree of oxidative transformation of lignin increased. These patterns did not change with reduced atmospheric N input, likely reflecting a lasting saturation in available N. The laccase gene diversity decreased with soil depth in spring. In autumn, this pattern was only found in the control plot, receiving current N input. Principal component analysis confirmed the depth profile and distinguished a response of the fungal community to reduced N deposition for most organic layers in spring and a roof effect for the Oe layer in autumn. These responses of the fungal community did not translate into changes in enzyme activity and lignin content and decomposition, suggesting that transformation processes in soils are well buffered despite the rapid response of the microbial community to environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Theuerl
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre of Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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