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Pidot SJ, Klatt S, Ates LS, Frigui W, Sayes F, Majlessi L, Izumi H, Monk IR, Porter JL, Bennett-Wood V, Seemann T, Otter A, Taiaroa G, Cook GM, West N, Tobias NJ, Fuerst JA, Stutz MD, Pellegrini M, McConville M, Brosch R, Stinear TP. Marine sponge microbe provides insights into evolution and virulence of the tubercle bacillus. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012440. [PMID: 39207937 PMCID: PMC11361433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Reconstructing the evolutionary origins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of human tuberculosis, has helped identify bacterial factors that have led to the tubercle bacillus becoming such a formidable human pathogen. Here we report the discovery and detailed characterization of an exceedingly slow growing mycobacterium that is closely related to M. tuberculosis for which we have proposed the species name Mycobacterium spongiae sp. nov., (strain ID: FSD4b-SM). The bacterium was isolated from a marine sponge, taken from the waters of the Great Barrier Reef in Queensland, Australia. Comparative genomics revealed that, after the opportunistic human pathogen Mycobacterium decipiens, M. spongiae is the most closely related species to the M. tuberculosis complex reported to date, with 80% shared average nucleotide identity and extensive conservation of key M. tuberculosis virulence factors, including intact ESX secretion systems and associated effectors. Proteomic and lipidomic analyses showed that these conserved systems are functional in FSD4b-SM, but that it also produces cell wall lipids not previously reported in mycobacteria. We investigated the virulence potential of FSD4b-SM in mice and found that, while the bacteria persist in lungs for 56 days after intranasal infection, no overt pathology was detected. The similarities with M. tuberculosis, together with its lack of virulence, motivated us to investigate the potential of FSD4b-SM as a vaccine strain and as a genetic donor of the ESX-1 genetic locus to improve BCG immunogenicity. However, neither of these approaches resulted in superior protection against M. tuberculosis challenge compared to BCG vaccination alone. The discovery of M. spongiae adds to our understanding of the emergence of the M. tuberculosis complex and it will be another useful resource to refine our understanding of the factors that shaped the evolution and pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha J. Pidot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephan Klatt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Louis S. Ates
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, Paris, France
| | - Wafa Frigui
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, Paris, France
| | - Fadel Sayes
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, Paris, France
| | - Laleh Majlessi
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, Paris, France
| | - Hiroshi Izumi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ian R. Monk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessica L. Porter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vicki Bennett-Wood
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Torsten Seemann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ashley Otter
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - George Taiaroa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gregory M. Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas West
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Tobias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John A. Fuerst
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael D. Stutz
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Malcolm McConville
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Roland Brosch
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, Paris, France
| | - Timothy P. Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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2
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Jagannathan SV, Manemann EM, Rowe SE, Callender MC, Soto W. Marine Actinomycetes, New Sources of Biotechnological Products. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:365. [PMID: 34201951 PMCID: PMC8304352 DOI: 10.3390/md19070365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Actinomycetales order is one of great genetic and functional diversity, including diversity in the production of secondary metabolites which have uses in medical, environmental rehabilitation, and industrial applications. Secondary metabolites produced by actinomycete species are an abundant source of antibiotics, antitumor agents, anthelmintics, and antifungals. These actinomycete-derived medicines are in circulation as current treatments, but actinomycetes are also being explored as potential sources of new compounds to combat multidrug resistance in pathogenic bacteria. Actinomycetes as a potential to solve environmental concerns is another area of recent investigation, particularly their utility in the bioremediation of pesticides, toxic metals, radioactive wastes, and biofouling. Other applications include biofuels, detergents, and food preservatives/additives. Exploring other unique properties of actinomycetes will allow for a deeper understanding of this interesting taxonomic group. Combined with genetic engineering, microbial experimental evolution, and other enhancement techniques, it is reasonable to assume that the use of marine actinomycetes will continue to increase. Novel products will begin to be developed for diverse applied research purposes, including zymology and enology. This paper outlines the current knowledge of actinomycete usage in applied research, focusing on marine isolates and providing direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - William Soto
- Department of Biology, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA; (S.V.J.); (E.M.M.); (S.E.R.); (M.C.C.)
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3
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Davidovich N, Morick D, Carella F. Mycobacteriosis in Aquatic Invertebrates: A Review of Its Emergence. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1249. [PMID: 32824567 PMCID: PMC7464023 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteriosis is a chronic bacterial disease reported in aquatic and terrestrial animals, including humans. The disease affects a wide range of cultured and wild organisms worldwide. Mycobacteriosis is well-known in aquatic vertebrates (e.g., finfish, marine mammals), while in the last few years, reports of its presence in aquatic invertebrates have been on the rise, for both freshwater and marine species. The number of cases is likely to increase as a result of increased awareness, surveillance and availability of diagnostic methods. Domestication of wild aquatic species and the intensification of modern aquaculture are also leading to an increase in the number of reported cases. Moreover, climate changes are affecting fresh and marine aquatic ecosystems. The increasing reports of mycobacteriosis in aquatic invertebrates may also be influenced by global climate warming, which could contribute to the microbes' development and survival rates, pathogen transmission and host susceptibility. Several species of the genus Mycobacterium have been diagnosed in aquatic invertebrates; a few of them are significant due to their wide host spectrum, economic impact in aquaculture, and zoonotic potential. The impact of mycobacteriosis in aquatic invertebrates is probably underestimated, and there is currently no effective treatment other than facility disinfection. In this review, we provide an overview of the diversity of mycobacterial infections reported in molluscs, crustaceans, cnidarians, echinoderms and sponges. We highlight important issues relating to its pathological manifestation, diagnosis and zoonotic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danny Morick
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
- Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong, China
| | - Francesca Carella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, Ed. 7, 80136 Naples, Italy;
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4
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da Silva AB, Silveira ER, Wilke DV, Ferreira EG, Costa-Lotufo LV, Torres MCM, Ayala AP, Costa WS, Canuto KM, de Araújo-Nobre AR, Araújo AJ, Filho JDBM, Pessoa ODL. Antibacterial Salinaphthoquinones from a Strain of the Bacterium Salinispora arenicola Recovered from the Marine Sediments of St. Peter and St. Paul Archipelago, Brazil. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1831-1838. [PMID: 31313922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Salinaphthoquinones A-E (1-5) were isolated from a marine Salininispora arenicola strain, recovered from sediments of the St. Peter and St. Paul Archipelago, Brazil. The structures of the compounds were elucidated using a combination of spectroscopic (NMR, IR, HRESIMS) data, including single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. A plausible biosynthetic pathway for 1-5 is proposed. Compounds 1 to 4 displayed moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis with MIC values of 125 to 16 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison B da Silva
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica , Universidade Federal do Ceará , 60.021-970 , Fortaleza - CE , Brazil
| | - Edilberto R Silveira
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica , Universidade Federal do Ceará , 60.021-970 , Fortaleza - CE , Brazil
| | - Diego V Wilke
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos , Universidade Federal do Ceará , 60.430-275 , Fortaleza - CE , Brazil
| | - Elhton G Ferreira
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos , Universidade Federal do Ceará , 60.430-275 , Fortaleza - CE , Brazil
| | - Leticia V Costa-Lotufo
- Departamento de Farmacologia , Universidade de São Paulo , 05508-900 , São Paulo - SP , Brazil
| | - Maria Conceição M Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica , Universidade Federal do Ceará , 60.021-970 , Fortaleza - CE , Brazil
| | - Alejandro Pedro Ayala
- Departamento de Física , Universidade Federal do Ceará , 60.440-970 , Fortaleza - CE , Brazil
| | - Wendell S Costa
- Departamento de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Ceará , 60.430-170 , Fortaleza - CE , Brazil
| | - Kirley M Canuto
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical , 60.511-110 , Fortaleza - CE , Brazil
| | - Alyne R de Araújo-Nobre
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia , Universidade Federal do Piauí , 64.202-020 , Parnaíba - PI , Brazil
| | - Ana Jérsia Araújo
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia , Universidade Federal do Piauí , 64.202-020 , Parnaíba - PI , Brazil
| | - José Delano B Marinho Filho
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia , Universidade Federal do Piauí , 64.202-020 , Parnaíba - PI , Brazil
| | - Otilia Deusdenia L Pessoa
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica , Universidade Federal do Ceará , 60.021-970 , Fortaleza - CE , Brazil
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5
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Shady NH, Fouad MA, Salah Kamel M, Schirmeister T, Abdelmohsen UR. Natural Product Repertoire of the Genus Amphimedon. Mar Drugs 2018; 17:md17010019. [PMID: 30598005 PMCID: PMC6357078 DOI: 10.3390/md17010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges are a very attractive and rich source in the production of novel bioactive compounds. The sponges exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. The genus Amphimedon consists of various species, such as viridis, compressa, complanata, and terpenensis, along with a handful of undescribed species. The Amphimedon genus is a rich source of secondary metabolites containing diverse chemical classes, including alkaloids, ceramides, cerebrososides, and terpenes, with various valuable biological activities. This review covers the literature from January 1983 until January 2018 and provides a complete survey of all the compounds isolated from the genus Amphimedon and the associated microbiota, along with their corresponding biological activities, whenever applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Hisham Shady
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, P.O. Box 61111 New Minia City, 61519 Minia, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa A Fouad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Salah Kamel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, P.O. Box 61111 New Minia City, 61519 Minia, Egypt.
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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6
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Patin NV, Duncan KR, Dorrestein PC, Jensen PR. Competitive strategies differentiate closely related species of marine actinobacteria. ISME JOURNAL 2015; 10:478-90. [PMID: 26241505 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although competition, niche partitioning, and spatial isolation have been used to describe the ecology and evolution of macro-organisms, it is less clear to what extent these principles account for the extraordinary levels of bacterial diversity observed in nature. Ecological interactions among bacteria are particularly challenging to address due to methodological limitations and uncertainties over how to recognize fundamental units of diversity and link them to the functional traits and evolutionary processes that led to their divergence. Here we show that two closely related marine actinomycete species can be differentiated based on competitive strategies. Using a direct challenge assay to investigate inhibitory interactions with members of the bacterial community, we observed a temporal difference in the onset of inhibition. The majority of inhibitory activity exhibited by Salinispora arenicola occurred early in its growth cycle and was linked to antibiotic production. In contrast, most inhibition by Salinispora tropica occurred later in the growth cycle and was more commonly linked to nutrient depletion or other sources. Comparative genomics support these differences, with S. arenicola containing nearly twice the number of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters as S. tropica, indicating a greater potential for secondary metabolite production. In contrast, S. tropica is enriched in gene clusters associated with the acquisition of growth-limiting nutrients such as iron. Coupled with differences in growth rates, the results reveal that S. arenicola uses interference competition at the expense of growth, whereas S. tropica preferentially employs a strategy of exploitation competition. The results support the ecological divergence of two co-occurring and closely related species of marine bacteria by providing evidence they have evolved fundamentally different strategies to compete in marine sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastassia V Patin
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katherine R Duncan
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Departments of Pharmacology, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul R Jensen
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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7
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Jensen PR, Moore BS, Fenical W. The marine actinomycete genus Salinispora: a model organism for secondary metabolite discovery. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:738-51. [PMID: 25730728 PMCID: PMC4414829 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00167b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the initial discovery of the marine actinomycete genus Salinispora through its development as a model for natural product research. A focus is placed on the novel chemical structures reported with reference to their biological activities and the synthetic and biosynthetic studies they have inspired. The time line of discoveries progresses from more traditional bioassay-guided approaches through the application of genome mining and genetic engineering techniques that target the products of specific biosynthetic gene clusters. This overview exemplifies the extraordinary biosynthetic diversity that can emanate from a narrowly defined genus and supports future efforts to explore marine taxa in the search for novel natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Jensen
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, USA.
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8
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Singh S, Prasad P, Subramani R, Aalbersberg W. Production and purification of a bioactive substance against multi-drug resistant human pathogens from the marine-sponge-derived Salinispora sp. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014. [DOI: 10.12980/apjtb.4.2014c1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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9
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Fuerst JA. Diversity and biotechnological potential of microorganisms associated with marine sponges. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:7331-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5861-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Subramani R, Aalbersberg W. Culturable rare Actinomycetes: diversity, isolation and marine natural product discovery. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:9291-321. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Evans-Illidge EA, Logan M, Doyle J, Fromont J, Battershill CN, Ericson G, Wolff CW, Muirhead A, Kearns P, Abdo D, Kininmonth S, Llewellyn L. Phylogeny drives large scale patterns in Australian marine bioactivity and provides a new chemical ecology rationale for future biodiscovery. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73800. [PMID: 24040076 PMCID: PMC3763996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-five years of Australian marine bioresources collecting and research by the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) has explored the breadth of latitudinally and longitudinally diverse marine habitats that comprise Australia's ocean territory. The resulting AIMS Bioresources Library and associated relational database integrate biodiversity with bioactivity data, and these resources were mined to retrospectively assess biogeographic, taxonomic and phylogenetic patterns in cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and central nervous system (CNS)-protective bioactivity. While the bioassays used were originally chosen to be indicative of pharmaceutically relevant bioactivity, the results have qualified ecological relevance regarding secondary metabolism. In general, metazoan phyla along the deuterostome phylogenetic pathway (eg to Chordata) and their ancestors (eg Porifera and Cnidaria) had higher percentages of bioactive samples in the assays examined. While taxonomy at the phylum level and higher-order phylogeny groupings helped account for observed trends, taxonomy to genus did not resolve the trends any further. In addition, the results did not identify any biogeographic bioactivity hotspots that correlated with biodiversity hotspots. We conclude with a hypothesis that high-level phylogeny, and therefore the metabolic machinery available to an organism, is a major determinant of bioactivity, while habitat diversity and ecological circumstance are possible drivers in the activation of this machinery and bioactive secondary metabolism. This study supports the strategy of targeting phyla from the deuterostome lineage (including ancestral phyla) from biodiverse marine habitats and ecological niches, in future biodiscovery, at least that which is focused on vertebrate (including human) health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Murray Logan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason Doyle
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jane Fromont
- Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Gavin Ericson
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carsten W. Wolff
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Muirhead
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Phillip Kearns
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Abdo
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stuart Kininmonth
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lyndon Llewellyn
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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12
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Piñar G, Piombino-Mascali D, Maixner F, Zink A, Sterflinger K. Microbial survey of the mummies from the Capuchin Catacombs of Palermo, Italy: biodeterioration risk and contamination of the indoor air. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2013; 86:341-56. [PMID: 23772650 PMCID: PMC3916889 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Capuchin Catacombs of Palermo contain over 1800 preserved bodies dating from the 16th to 20th centuries AD and showing evidence of biodeterioration. An extensive microbiological and molecular investigation was recently performed. Samples were taken from skin, muscle, hair, bone, stuffing materials, clothes, and surrounding walls as well as from the indoor air. In this study, we witnessed that the different degradation phenomena observed on the variety of materials located at the Capuchin Catacombs of Palermo are biological in origin. Molecular techniques showed the dominance of halophilic species of the domains Bacteria and Archaea on the walls and – as a result of salt emanating from the walls – on the mummies themselves. Nevertheless, specialized microorganisms belonging to taxa well-known for their cellulolytic and proteolytic activities were detected on clothes and stuffing material, and on skin, muscle, hair, and bone, respectively. This specialized microbiota is threatening the conservation of the mummies themselves. Additionally, sequences related to the human skin microbiome and to some pathogenic Bacteria (order Clostridiales) and fungi (genus Phialosimplex) were identified on samples derived from the mummies. Furthermore, a phosphate-reducing fungus, Penicillium radicum, was detected on bone. Finally, the high concentration of airborne fungal spores is not conducive to the conservation of the human remains and is posing a potential health risk for visitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Piñar
- Department of Biotechnology, VIBT-Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Ng YK, Hewavitharana AK, Webb R, Shaw PN, Fuerst JA. Developmental cycle and pharmaceutically relevant compounds of Salinispora actinobacteria isolated from Great Barrier Reef marine sponges. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:3097-108. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Upregulation of the phthiocerol dimycocerosate biosynthetic pathway by rifampin-resistant, rpoB mutant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Bacteriol 2012; 194:6441-52. [PMID: 23002228 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01013-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has emerged as a major threat to tuberculosis control. Phylogenetically related rifampin-resistant actinomycetes with mutations mapping to clinically dominant Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutations in the rpoB gene show upregulation of gene networks encoding secondary metabolites. We compared the expressed proteomes and metabolomes of two fully drug-susceptible clinical strains of M. tuberculosis (wild type) to those of their respective rifampin-resistant, rpoB mutant progeny strains with confirmed rifampin monoresistance following antitubercular therapy. Each of these strains was also used to infect gamma interferon- and lipopolysaccharide-activated murine J774A.1 macrophages to analyze transcriptional responses in a physiologically relevant model. Both rpoB mutants showed significant upregulation of the polyketide synthase genes ppsA-ppsE and drrA, which constitute an operon encoding multifunctional enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of phthiocerol dimycocerosate and other lipids in M. tuberculosis, but also of various secondary metabolites in related organisms, including antibiotics, such as erythromycin and rifamycins. ppsA (Rv2931), ppsB (Rv2932), and ppsC (Rv2933) were also found to be upregulated more than 10-fold in the Beijing rpoB mutant strain relative to its wild-type parent strain during infection of activated murine macrophages. In addition, metabolomics identified precursors of phthiocerol dimycocerosate, but not the intact molecule itself, in greater abundance in both rpoB mutant isolates. These data suggest that rpoB mutation in M. tuberculosis may trigger compensatory transcriptional changes in secondary metabolism genes analogous to those observed in related actinobacteria. These findings may assist in developing novel methods to diagnose and treat drug-resistant M. tuberculosis infections.
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15
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Sun W, Peng C, Zhao Y, Li Z. Functional gene-guided discovery of type II polyketides from culturable actinomycetes associated with soft coral Scleronephthya sp. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42847. [PMID: 22880121 PMCID: PMC3413676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with the actinomycetes in stone corals, the phylogenetic diversity of soft coral-associated culturable actinomycetes is essentially unexplored. Meanwhile, the knowledge of the natural products from coral-associated actinomycetes is very limited. In this study, thirty-two strains were isolated from the tissue of the soft coral Scleronephthya sp. in the East China Sea, which were grouped into eight genera by 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis: Micromonospora, Gordonia, Mycobacterium, Nocardioides, Streptomyces, Cellulomonas, Dietzia and Rhodococcus. 6 Micromonospora strains and 4 Streptomyces strains were found to be with the potential for producing aromatic polyketides based on the analysis of KSα (ketoacyl-synthase) gene in the PKS II (type II polyketides synthase) gene cluster. Among the 6 Micromonospora strains, angucycline cyclase gene was amplified in 2 strains (A5-1 and A6-2), suggesting their potential in synthesizing angucyclines e.g. jadomycin. Under the guidance of functional gene prediction, one jadomycin B analogue (7b, 13-dihydro-7-O-methyl jadomycin B) was detected in the fermentation broth of Micromonospora sp. strain A5-1. This study highlights the phylogenetically diverse culturable actinomycetes associated with the tissue of soft coral Scleronephthya sp. and the potential of coral-derived actinomycetes especially Micromonospora in producing aromatic polyketides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongsheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Li CQ, Liu WC, Zhu P, Yang JL, Cheng KD. Phylogenetic diversity of bacteria associated with the marine sponge Gelliodes carnosa collected from the Hainan Island coastal waters of the South China Sea. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2011; 62:800-812. [PMID: 21728038 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-011-9896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Several molecular techniques were employed to document the bacterial diversity associated with the marine sponge Gelliodes carnosa. Cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent methods were used to obtain the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the bacterial community structure was highly diverse with representatives of the high G + C Gram-positive bacteria, cyanobacteria, low G + C Gram-positive bacteria, and proteobacteria (α-, β-, and γ-), most of which were also found in other marine environments, including in association with other sponges. Overall, 300 bacterial isolates were cultivated, and a total of 62 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified from these isolates by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. Approximately 1,000 16S rRNA gene clones were obtained by the cultivation-independent method. A total of 310 clones were randomly selected for RFLP analysis, from which 33 OTUs were acquired by further DNA sequencing and chimera checking. A total of 12 cultured OTUs (19.4% of the total cultured OTUs) and 13 uncultured OTUs (39.4% of the total uncultured OTUs) had low sequence identity (≤97%) with their closest matches in GenBank and were probably new species. Our data provide strong evidence for the presence of a diverse variety of unidentified bacteria in the marine sponge G. carnosa. A relatively high proportion of the isolates exhibited antimicrobial activity, and the deferred antagonism assay showed that over half of the active isolates exhibited a much stronger bioactivity when grown on medium containing seawater. In addition to demonstrating that the sponge-associated bacteria could be a rich source of new biologically active natural products, the results may have ecological implications. This study expands our knowledge of the diversity of sponge-associated bacteria and contributes to the growing database of the bacterial communities within sponges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
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First human isolate of Mycobacterium poriferae in the sputum of a patient with chronic bronchitis. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:3107-8. [PMID: 21653776 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00436-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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