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Randall CJ, Giuliano C, Stephenson B, Whitman TN, Page CA, Treml EA, Logan M, Negri AP. Larval precompetency and settlement behaviour in 25 Indo-Pacific coral species. Commun Biol 2024; 7:142. [PMID: 38297134 PMCID: PMC10830509 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of coral larval precompetency periods and maximum competency windows is fundamental to understanding coral population dynamics, informing biogeography and connectivity patterns, and predicting reef recovery following disturbances. Yet for many species, estimates of these early-life history metrics are scarce and vary widely. Furthermore, settlement cues for many taxa are not known despite consequences to habitat selection. Here we performed a comprehensive experimental time-series investigation of larval settlement behaviour, for 25 Indo-Pacific broadcast-spawning species. To investigate the duration of precompetency, improve predictions of the competency windows, and compare settlement responses within and amongst species, we completed replicated and repeated 24-hour assays that exposed larvae to five common settlement cues. Our study revealed that larval competency in some broadcast-spawning species begins as early as two days post fertilization, but that the precompetency period varies within and between species from about two to six days, with consequences for local retention and population connectivity. We also found that larvae of some species are competent to settle beyond 70 days old and display complex temporal settlement behaviour, challenging the assumption that competency gradually wanes over time and adding to the evidence that larval longevity can support genetic connectivity and long-distance dispersal. Using these data, we grouped coral taxa by short, mid and long precompetency periods, and identified their preferred settlement cues. Taken together, these results inform our understanding of larval dynamics across a broad range of coral species and can be applied to investigations of population dynamics, connectivity, and reef recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly J Randall
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
- AIMS@JCU, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
| | | | | | - Taylor N Whitman
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- AIMS@JCU, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Cathie A Page
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Eric A Treml
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Murray Logan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew P Negri
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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2
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Ceccarelli DM, Evans RD, Logan M, Jones GP, Puotinen M, Petus C, Russ GR, Srinivasan M, Williamson DH. Physical, biological and anthropogenic drivers of spatial patterns of coral reef fish assemblages at regional and local scales. Sci Total Environ 2023; 904:166695. [PMID: 37660823 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Species abundance, diversity and community assemblage structure are determined by multiple physical, habitat and management drivers that operate across multiple spatial scales. Here we used a multi-scale coral reef monitoring dataset to examine regional and local differences in the abundance, species richness and composition of fish assemblages in no-take marine reserve (NTMR) and fished zones at four island groups in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Australia. We applied boosted regression trees to quantify the influence of 20 potential drivers on the coral reef fish assemblages. Reefs in two locations, Magnetic Island and the Keppel Islands, had distinctive fish assemblages and low species richness, while the Palm and Whitsunday Islands had similar species composition and higher species richness. Overall, our analyses identified several important physical (temperature, wave exposure) and biological (coral, turf, macroalgal and unconsolidated substratum cover) drivers of inshore reef fish communities, some of which are being altered by human activities. Of these, sea surface temperature (SST) was more influential at large scales, while wave exposure was important both within and between island groups. Species richness declined with increasing macroalgal cover and exposure to cyclones, and increased with SST. Species composition was most strongly influenced by mean SST and percent cover of macroalgae. There was substantial regional variation in the local drivers of spatial patterns. Although NTMR zoning influenced total fish density in some regions, it had negligible effects on fish species richness, composition and trophic structure because of the relatively small number of species targeted by the fishery. These findings show that inshore reef fishes are directly influenced by disturbances typical of the nearshore Great Barrier Reef, highlighting the need to complement global action on climate change with more targeted localised efforts to maintain or improve the condition of coral reef habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Ceccarelli
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia.
| | - Richard D Evans
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia; Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Murray Logan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Geoffrey P Jones
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Marji Puotinen
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Caroline Petus
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic System Research, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Garry R Russ
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Maya Srinivasan
- College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic System Research, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - David H Williamson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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3
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Uthicke S, Robson B, Doyle JR, Logan M, Pratchett MS, Lamare M. Developing an effective marine eDNA monitoring: eDNA detection at pre-outbreak densities of corallivorous seastar (Acanthaster cf. solaris). Sci Total Environ 2022; 851:158143. [PMID: 35995149 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of the corallivorous Crown-of-Thorns Seastar (CoTS) Acanthaster cf. solaris contribute significantly to coral reef loss. Control of outbreaks is hampered because standard monitoring techniques do not detect outbreaks at early (low density) stages, thus preventing early intervention. We previously demonstrated that eDNA monitoring can detect CoTS at intermediate densities. Here, we test whether detection probability can be improved by (i) targeted site selection or collection at specific times and (ii) moving from an average eDNA copy number approach (based on the limit of quantification) to a presence/absence approach (based on the limit of detection). Using a dataset collected over three years and multiple reef sites, we demonstrated that adding water residence age, sea surface level and temperature into generalized linear models explained low amounts of variance of eDNA copy numbers. Site specific CoTS density, by contrast, was a significant predictor for eDNA copy numbers. Bayesian multi-scale occupancy modelling of the presence/absence data demonstrated that the probability of sample capture (θ) on most reefs with intermediate or high CoTS densities was >0.8. Thus, confirming CoTS presence on these reefs would only require 2-3 samples. Sample capture decreased with decreasing CoTS density. Collecting ten filters was sufficient to reliably (based on the lower 95 % Credibility Interval) detect CoTS below nominal outbreak levels (3 Ind. ha-1). Copy number-based estimates may be more relevant to quantify CoTS at higher densities. Although water residence age did contribute little to our models, sites with higher residence times may serve as sentinel sites accumulating eDNA. The approach based on presence or absence of eDNA facilitates eDNA monitoring to detect CoTS densities below outbreak thresholds and we continue to further develop this method for quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Uthicke
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville MC, QLD 4810, Australia.
| | - Barbara Robson
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville MC, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Jason R Doyle
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville MC, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Murray Logan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville MC, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Morgan S Pratchett
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Miles Lamare
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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4
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Dawson R, Wands DIF, Logan M, Bremner G, Efklides S, Benn L, Henderson P, Grant H, Meredith J, Armstrong K, Wilson DC, Gerasimidis K, Alex G, Russell RK. Comparing Effectiveness of a Generic Oral Nutritional Supplement With Specialized Formula in the Treatment of Active Pediatric Crohn's Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:1859-1864. [PMID: 35259266 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is the recommended induction treatment of mild to moderate active pediatric Crohn's disease (CD). This study compared outcomes of 2 proprietary polymeric formulas. Treatment effectiveness was examined along with practical aspects of formula delivery and differences in estimated treatment costs. METHODS Data were retrospectively collected from patients with CD who received a generic oral nutritional supplement (Fortisip) across 2 centers (RCH, Melbourne and RHSC, Edinburgh). This was compared with a prospective cohort (RHC, Glasgow) that used a specialized formula (Modulen IBD). The data collected included patient demographics, remission rates, biochemical markers, administration method, and anthropometrics. The estimated treatment cost was performed by comparing price per kcal between each formula. RESULTS One hundred seventy-one patients were included (106 Fortisip, 65 Modulen IBD, 70 female; median age 13.3 yrs). No difference was demonstrated in remission rate (Fortisip n = 67 of 106 [63%] vs Modulen IBD n = 41 of 64 [64%], P = .89), nonadherence rate (Fortisip n = 7 of 106 [7%] vs Modulen IBD 3 of 64 [5%], P = .57) or method of administration (NGT Fortisip use n = 16 of 106 [12%] vs Modulen IBD 14 of 65 [22%]; P = .31). There was no difference in reduction of biochemical disease markers between the groups (C-reactive protein , P = .13; erythrocyte sedimentation rate, P = .49; fecal calprotectin, P = .94). However, there was a cost-saving of around £500/patient/course if the generic oral nutritional supplement was used. CONCLUSIONS The generic oral nutritional supplement and specialized formulas both had similar clinical effectiveness in induction of remission in pediatric CD. However, there is considerable cost-saving when using a generic oral nutritional supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dawson
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children & Young people, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D I F Wands
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children & Young people, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Logan
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - G Bremner
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children & Young people, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Efklides
- Department of Nutrition and Food Services, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Benn
- Department of Nutrition and Food Services, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - P Henderson
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children & Young people, Edinburgh, UK
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Royal Hospital for Children & Young people, Edinburgh, UK
| | - H Grant
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children & Young people, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Meredith
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children & Young people, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Armstrong
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children & Young people, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D C Wilson
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children & Young people, Edinburgh, UK
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Royal Hospital for Children & Young people, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Gerasimidis
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - G Alex
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R K Russell
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children & Young people, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Royal Hospital for Children & Young people, Edinburgh, UK
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5
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Lie M, Visram S, Cheetham M, Christie A, Hodgson P, Jasperse J, Logan M. Gateways not gatekeepers – reaching seldom-heard groups to gather public health community insights. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac130.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Each local authority in England must develop a Health and Wellbeing Strategy (HWS) in collaboration with NHS partners to plan and support delivery of local improvements in health and wellbeing. HWSs often draw on diverse sources but few are informed by consultative exercises involving citizens. South Tyneside Council in Northern England sought to ensure their new HWS was community-informed, specifically including seldom-heard groups and individuals. Specific objectives of this community insights research were to:
1.Target sampling and recruitment activities at typically marginalized, vulnerable or otherwise underrepresented groups
2.Explore the health and wellbeing-related views and priorities of these groups to address health inequalities
Methods
A mapping exercise was undertaken to identify organisations who might act as gatekeepers to accessing participants from underrepresented groups. Focus groups were held in settings-based venues where members would be comfortable and known to one another. Representatives of voluntary and community sector (VCS) organisations often helped to co-facilitate the discussions.
Results
119 participants took part in 16 group discussions. Three were held online, two were outdoors, while 11 involved community venues where the groups regularly met. We reached older and younger people, minority ethnic groups, and vulnerable men and women, including residents who had experienced homelessness, mental health issues, substance misuse, offending, domestic violence and learning disabilities. Participants were largely concerned with the wider determinants of health (such as poverty, employment, and leisure spaces), shifting the narrative away from individual lifestyle factors that tend to be the focus of much public health discourse.
Conclusions
Gatekeepers from the VCS were essentially gateways, enabling us to include underrepresented voices in local consultation processes and generate new insights to inform the South Tyneside HWS.
Key messages
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lie
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S Visram
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - M Cheetham
- Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A Christie
- Public Health, South Tyneside Council, South Shields, UK
| | - P Hodgson
- Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Jasperse
- Public Health, South Tyneside Council, South Shields, UK
| | - M Logan
- Public Health, South Tyneside Council, South Shields, UK
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6
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Butler ECV, Harries SJ, McAllister KA, Windsor JO, Logan M, Crook DA, Roberts BH, Grubert MA, Saunders TM. Influence of life history variation and habitat on mercury bioaccumulation in a high-order predatory fish in tropical Australia. Environ Res 2022; 212:113152. [PMID: 35341754 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mercury distribution and bioaccumulation in aquatic ecosystems of tropical Australia is poorly characterised. Barramundi (Lates calcarifer), a widespread high-order predator in both fresh and coastal marine waters of the region, fulfils requirements for a bio-indicator of mercury contamination. In a study of the Mary River system of the Northern Territory, total mercury in the muscle tissue of 300 specimens gathered over four years (2013-2017, across both wet and dry seasons) was determined by direct combustion-atomic absorption spectrometry. Source of nutrition and trophic position of barramundi in the food web was also estimated via carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ13C and δ15N), respectively, in tissue by stable isotope mass spectrometry, and determination of strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) in otoliths by laser ablation-ICPMS differentiated between freshwater and saltwater residence. Results showed that fish moving into freshwater floodplain wetlands concentrated mercury in muscle tissue at approximately twice the level of those that remained in saline habitats. Resolving life histories through otolith analyses demonstrated diversity in mercury bioaccumulation for individual fish of the same migratory contingent on the floodplains. Although trophic level (δ15N), capture location, source of nutrition (δ13C), and age or size partly predicted mercury concentrations in barramundi, our results suggest that individual variability in diets, migration patterns and potentially metabolism are also influential. Using a migratory fish as a bio-indicator, and tracking its life history and use of resources, proved valuable as a tool to discern hot spots in a coastal waterway for a contaminant, such as mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C V Butler
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Arafura Timor Research Facility, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia.
| | - Simon J Harries
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Arafura Timor Research Facility, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Kirsty A McAllister
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Arafura Timor Research Facility, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Jonathan O Windsor
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Arafura Timor Research Facility, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Murray Logan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A Crook
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia; Department of Primary Industries, Narrandera Fisheries Centre, Narrandera, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brien H Roberts
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Mark A Grubert
- Fisheries Division, Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade, Berrimah, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Thor M Saunders
- Fisheries Division, Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade, Berrimah, Northern Territory, Australia
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Wicquart J, Gudka M, Obura D, Logan M, Staub F, Souter D, Planes S. A workflow to integrate ecological monitoring data from different sources. ECOL INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Vainberg N, Hadi R, Devlin A, Moloney A, Nabeel R, Copperthwaite K, O'Mahony S, Lannon F, Lee S, Turcu F, Siddiqu S, Murray T, Logan M, Kelada S, Gilligan P. Accuracy of Point-of-Care-Ultrasonography in Confirming Shoulder Reduction in Emergency Departments. Ir Med J 2022; 115:515. [PMID: 35279049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aims Accurate identification of the successful reduction of a dislocated shoulder could avoid additional episodes of procedural sedation and repeated performance of X-rays. The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care-ultrasound (POCUS) in the confirmation of a successful joint reduction in patients with shoulder dislocation. Methods This was a single-centre, prospective observational study set in an urban academic ED in Ireland, with a convenience sample of adult patients with shoulder dislocation on X-ray. Ultrasound was performed on participants before and after joint reduction using a posterior approach technique. The operator's confidence levels were recorded after image acquisition. Results Thirty-three subjects were recruited. All dislocations were correctly identified on pre-reduction US, indicating a sensitivity of 100% (CI 89.42 - 100). Post-reduction US confirmed successful reduction in 30 subjects that were subsequently reported as such on X-Ray, giving it a specificity of 100% (CI 88.43 - 100). Failure to achieve reduction was correctly identified on US in three cases, resulting in post-reduction US Sensitivity of 100% (CI 29.24 - 100) and 100% accuracy (CI 89.42 - 100). Conclusion This study has shown that POCUS, with a posterior approach technique, has 100% sensitivity and specificity in confirming successful shoulder reduction in the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vainberg
- Emergency Department, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Hadi
- Emergency Department, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Devlin
- Emergency Department, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Moloney
- Emergency Department, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Nabeel
- Emergency Department, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - S O'Mahony
- Emergency Department, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F Lannon
- Emergency Department, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Lee
- Emergency Department, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F Turcu
- Emergency Department, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Siddiqu
- Emergency Department, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - T Murray
- Emergency Department, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Logan
- Emergency Department, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Kelada
- Emergency Department, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Gilligan
- Emergency Department, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Canto MM, Fabricius KE, Logan M, Lewis S, McKinna LIW, Robson BJ. A benthic light index of water quality in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 169:112539. [PMID: 34153875 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Good water quality is essential to the health of marine ecosystems, yet current metrics used to track water quality in the Great Barrier Reef are not strongly tied to ecological outcomes. There is a need for a better water quality index (WQI). Benthic irradiance, the amount of light reaching the seafloor, is critical for coral and seagrass health and is strongly affected by water quality. It therefore represents a strong candidate for use as a water quality indicator. Here, we introduce a new index based on remote sensing benthic light (bPAR) from ocean color. Resulting bPAR index timeseries, based on the extent to which the observed bPAR fell short of the locally- and seasonally-specific optimum, showed strong spatial and temporal variability, which was consistent with the dynamics that govern changes in water clarity in the Great Barrier Reef. Our new index is ecologically relevant, responsive to changes in light availability and provides a robust metric that may complement current Great Barrier Reef water quality metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marites M Canto
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB3, Townsville MC, QLD 4810, Australia; AIMS@JCU, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
| | - Katharina E Fabricius
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB3, Townsville MC, QLD 4810, Australia; AIMS@JCU, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Murray Logan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB3, Townsville MC, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Stephen Lewis
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Catchment to Reef Research Group, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Lachlan I W McKinna
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Go2Q Pty Ltd, Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Barbara J Robson
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB3, Townsville MC, QLD 4810, Australia; AIMS@JCU, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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11
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Kozan AA, Logan M, Parnham A, Liew M, Barrass B, Venugopal S, Biyani CS, Taylor J. Design and assessment of a penile fracture simulation model. Actas Urol Esp 2021; 45:S0210-4806(21)00118-2. [PMID: 34210510 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To design and assess a novel penile fracture simulation model for teaching penile fracture repair. METHODS We used a validated circumcision simulator to create a model. Foreskin for a circumcision was divided into two halves. A transverse slit ("simulated fracture") was created on one part of the first half of the foreskin (mimicking "tunica") and was applied over the penile model. A red jelly tablet ("clot") was placed underneath the cut. A second full-length of foreskin was applied over it to cover the defect. The model was assessed by participants and expert faculty at the Urology Simulation Boot Camp. Evaluation was performed using a 5-point Likert Scale questionnaire. Data was analysed using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics V25. The intra-class correlation was calculated using a "One-way random model". RESULTS Twenty-two urology trainees and four experts participated in the evaluation. The majority of trainees strongly agreed (59%, n=13) the model is useful for training with experts similarly agreeing in 75% of cases. The appearance of penile fracture was considered good by both trainees (68%, n=14) and faculty (75%). Overall, the ability of the model to represent a realistic simulation of the task was considered excellent by 23% of participants and good by 64%. Personal confidence after simulation in managing a similar situation was considered high among trainees. The main difficulties reported were related to fascial planes and urethra. CONCLUSION This is the first simulation model for penile fracture repair and has demonstrated face validity at a national urology bootcamp.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Kozan
- Department of Urology, Hull University Teaching Hospital, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, Reino Unido
| | - M Logan
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Medical Education, Leeds, Reino Unido
| | - A Parnham
- Department of Urology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, Reino Unido
| | - M Liew
- Department of Urology, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, Reino Unido
| | - B Barrass
- Luton & Dunstable University Hospital, Bedfordshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Urology, Luton, Reino Unido
| | - S Venugopal
- Department of Urology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital NHS Trust, Liverpool, Reino Unido
| | - C S Biyani
- Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, Reino Unido.
| | - J Taylor
- Department of Urology, Forth Valley Royal Hospital, Larbert, Escocia
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Deshpande S, Krishnan R, Logan M, Mizzoni C, Kobylecky E, Dalle Fusine I, Lum R, Rhodes C, Pigeau G. Development and qualification of a standardized flow cytometry panel for the characterization of car-t cell products across sites. Cytotherapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465324921006022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Berridge CT, Kailavasan M, Logan M, Johnson J, Biyani CS, Taylor J. A training model to teach early management of priapism. Actas Urol Esp 2021; 45:220-224. [PMID: 33541743 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischaemic priapism is a urological emergency with early treatment required to prevent irreversible loss of erectile function. Corporal aspiration is the first step in management. Currently, there are no satisfactory training models to develop skills in a controlled environment. We have therefore developed a novel training model to teach trainees the steps of penile aspiration in a safe and representative way. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have developed a priapism model using an old catheterisation teaching model. Face validity of the model was assessed by participants and experienced urologists teaching on a urology boot camp. All had managed at least 5 cases of actual priapism. Responses were reported using a 5-point Likert Scale. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics V25. The intra-class correlation was calculated using a «One-way Random model». RESULTS Eleven urologists and seven trainees participated in the evaluation. The model appearance was reported as the best simulation trait of the priapism model. Tactile feedback from needle insertion for aspiration was also felt to be realistic with 72.6% reporting it as «Good» or «very good» and 85.7% reported the model to be realistic for needle insertion. Intra-class correlation amongst experts was 0.552. Majority of trainees (83.3%) reported a realistic simulation. All evaluators agreed or strongly agreed that the model provided a good simulated experience that would be useful in training. CONCLUSION Our model provides a realistic simulation of corporal aspiration. It can be used repeatedly. Overall, the proposed model appears to be a promising tool for training junior doctors in the initial management of ischaemic priapism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Kailavasan
- Bleicester General Hospital, Leicester, Reino Unido
| | - M Logan
- Medical Education, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, Reino Unido
| | - J Johnson
- Medical Education, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, Reino Unido
| | - C S Biyani
- Medical Education, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, Reino Unido.
| | - J Taylor
- Forth Valley Royal Hospital, Escocia, Reino Unido
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14
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Thompson A, Martin K, Logan M. Development of the coral index, a summary of coral reef resilience as a guide for management. J Environ Manage 2020; 271:111038. [PMID: 32778318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coral reef management is increasingly focused on supporting the resilience of coral communities to increasing and cumulative pressures. The coral index provides a concise summary of coral community resilience that can be efficiently communicated to a range of management and policy stakeholders. We detail the development of the index both as a technical reference for users but also as an example of an approach that could be more generally applied to the reporting of ecosystem resilience. The index is sensitive to acute impacts that are expected when coral communities are exposed to disturbances such as cyclones, bleaching events or crown-of-thorns outbreaks. Importantly, spatial and temporal trends in the index enable the identification of areas and periods of reduced resilience that suggest chronic environmental pressure imposed by runoff. The ability to summarise complex ecological processes into a single index provides an efficient and intuitive tool for the communication of where, when and which pressures are impacting ecosystem resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Thompson
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB # 3, Townsville, MC, 4810, Australia.
| | - Katherine Martin
- Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, John Gorton Building, King Edward, Terrace, Parks, 2600, Australian, Australia.
| | - Murray Logan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB # 3, Townsville, MC, 4810, Australia.
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15
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Bridge TCL, Huang Z, Przeslawski R, Tran M, Siwabessy J, Picard K, Reside AE, Logan M, Nichol SL, Caley MJ. Transferable, predictive models of benthic communities informs marine spatial planning in a remote and data‐poor region. Conservat Sci and Prac 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tom C. L. Bridge
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
- Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Museum of Tropical Queensland Queensland Museum Network Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Zhi Huang
- Geoscience Australia, National Earth and Marine Observations Branch Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Rachel Przeslawski
- Geoscience Australia, National Earth and Marine Observations Branch Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Maggie Tran
- Geoscience Australia, National Earth and Marine Observations Branch Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Justy Siwabessy
- Geoscience Australia, National Earth and Marine Observations Branch Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Kim Picard
- Geoscience Australia, National Earth and Marine Observations Branch Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - April E. Reside
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - Murray Logan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Scott L. Nichol
- Geoscience Australia, National Earth and Marine Observations Branch Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - M. Julian Caley
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia
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Hennessy M, Ryan D, Clarke S, Higgins C, Logan M, O’Brien E, Morgan R. Optimal Timing of CT Scanning in the Rapid Access Lung Cancer Clinic. Ir Med J 2020; 113:121. [PMID: 32924372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aims To investigate whether a ‘CT first’ approach to Rapid Access Lung Cancer Clinic (RALC) review could be feasible in an Irish context. Methods A retrospective review of our institution’s Lung Cancer Database was performed. All RALC first attendances from 2012-2018 were identified. Timing of CT was assessed as well as CT imaging findings. Results Total first attendances in this period were 2372, of whom 91% had CT thorax as part of their evaluation. 866 patients (37%) were diagnosed with lung cancer, all had an abnormal CT. 1290 patients (54%) underwent CT but did not have lung cancer after clinical work up. 34% of patients diagnosed with Lung Cancer had their CT scan post RALC. Time to diagnosis was longer in those who had post RALC CT (34.5 versus 21 days) Conclusion CT scanning plays a vital role in the RALC pathway. Initial delays in obtaining CT can result in delayed time to diagnosis. These findings warrant close consideration when devising future national lung cancer policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hennessy
- Dept of Medical Oncology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin
| | - D Ryan
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin
| | - S Clarke
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin
| | - C Higgins
- Cancer Data Department, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin
| | - M Logan
- Dept of Radiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin
| | - E O’Brien
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin
| | - R Morgan
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin
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17
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Ceccarelli DM, Evans RD, Logan M, Mantel P, Puotinen M, Petus C, Russ GR, Williamson DH. Long-term dynamics and drivers of coral and macroalgal cover on inshore reefs of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Ecol Appl 2020; 30:e02008. [PMID: 31550393 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the role of biophysical and anthropogenic drivers of coral reef ecosystem processes can inform management strategies that aim to maintain or restore ecosystem structure and productivity. However, few studies have examined the combined effects of multiple drivers, partitioned their impacts, or established threshold values that may trigger shifts in benthic cover. Inshore fringing reefs of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP) occur in high-sediment, high-nutrient environments and are under increasing pressure from multiple acute and chronic stressors. Despite world-leading management, including networks of no-take marine reserves, relative declines in hard coral cover of 40-50% have occurred in recent years, with localized but persistent shifts from coral to macroalgal dominance on some reefs. Here we use boosted regression tree analyses to test the relative importance of multiple biophysical drivers on coral and macroalgal cover using a long-term (12-18 yr) data set collected from reefs at four island groups. Coral and macroalgal cover were negatively correlated at all island groups, and particularly when macroalgal cover was above 20%. Although reefs at each island group had different disturbance-and-recovery histories, degree heating weeks (DHW) and routine wave exposure consistently emerged as common drivers of coral and macroalgal cover. In addition, different combinations of sea-surface temperature, nutrient and turbidity parameters, exposure to high turbidity (primary) floodwater, depth, grazing fish density, farming damselfish density, and management zoning variously contributed to changes in coral and macroalgal cover at each island group. Clear threshold values were apparent for multiple drivers including wave exposure, depth, and degree heating weeks for coral cover, and depth, degree heating weeks, chlorophyll a, and cyclone exposure for macroalgal cover, however, all threshold values were variable among island groups. Our findings demonstrate that inshore coral reef communities are typically structured by broadscale climatic perturbations, superimposed upon unique sets of local-scale drivers. Although rapidly escalating climate change impacts are the largest threat to coral reefs of the GBRMP and globally, our findings suggest that proactive management actions that effectively reduce chronic stressors at local scales should contribute to improved reef resistance and recovery potential following acute climatic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Ceccarelli
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Richard D Evans
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, Western Australia, 6151, Australia
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Murray Logan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - Philippa Mantel
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Marji Puotinen
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - Caroline Petus
- TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Garry R Russ
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - David H Williamson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
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18
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Rossenkhan R, Rolland M, Labuschagne JPL, Ferreira RC, Magaret CA, Carpp LN, Matsen Iv FA, Huang Y, Rudnicki EE, Zhang Y, Ndabambi N, Logan M, Holzman T, Abrahams MR, Anthony C, Tovanabutra S, Warth C, Botha G, Matten D, Nitayaphan S, Kibuuka H, Sawe FK, Chopera D, Eller LA, Travers S, Robb ML, Williamson C, Gilbert PB, Edlefsen PT. Combining Viral Genetics and Statistical Modeling to Improve HIV-1 Time-of-infection Estimation towards Enhanced Vaccine Efficacy Assessment. Viruses 2019; 11:E607. [PMID: 31277299 PMCID: PMC6669737 DOI: 10.3390/v11070607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the time of HIV-1 infection and the multiplicity of viruses that establish HIV-1 infection is crucial for the in-depth analysis of clinical prevention efficacy trial outcomes. Better estimation methods would improve the ability to characterize immunological and genetic sequence correlates of efficacy within preventive efficacy trials of HIV-1 vaccines and monoclonal antibodies. We developed new methods for infection timing and multiplicity estimation using maximum likelihood estimators that shift and scale (calibrate) estimates by fitting true infection times and founder virus multiplicities to a linear regression model with independent variables defined by data on HIV-1 sequences, viral load, diagnostics, and sequence alignment statistics. Using Poisson models of measured mutation counts and phylogenetic trees, we analyzed longitudinal HIV-1 sequence data together with diagnostic and viral load data from the RV217 and CAPRISA 002 acute HIV-1 infection cohort studies. We used leave-one-out cross validation to evaluate the prediction error of these calibrated estimators versus that of existing estimators and found that both infection time and founder multiplicity can be estimated with improved accuracy and precision by calibration. Calibration considerably improved all estimators of time since HIV-1 infection, in terms of reducing bias to near zero and reducing root mean squared error (RMSE) to 5-10 days for sequences collected 1-2 months after infection. The calibration of multiplicity assessments yielded strong improvements with accurate predictions (ROC-AUC above 0.85) in all cases. These results have not yet been validated on external data, and the best-fitting models are likely to be less robust than simpler models to variation in sequencing conditions. For all evaluated models, these results demonstrate the value of calibration for improved estimation of founder multiplicity and of time since HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raabya Rossenkhan
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Morgane Rolland
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Jan P L Labuschagne
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Roux-Cil Ferreira
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Craig A Magaret
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lindsay N Carpp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Frederick A Matsen Iv
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yunda Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Erika E Rudnicki
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nonkululeko Ndabambi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Murray Logan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Ted Holzman
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Melissa-Rose Abrahams
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Colin Anthony
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Sodsai Tovanabutra
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Christopher Warth
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Gordon Botha
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - David Matten
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Sorachai Nitayaphan
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Hannah Kibuuka
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Fred K Sawe
- Kenya Medical Research Institute/U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa/Kenya-Henry Jackson Foundation MRI, Kericho 20200, Kenya
| | - Denis Chopera
- Sub-Saharan African Network for TB/HIV Research Excellence (SANTHE), Africa Health Research Institute, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Leigh Anne Eller
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Simon Travers
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Merlin L Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Carolyn Williamson
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Paul T Edlefsen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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19
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Davidson J, Thompson A, Logan M, Schaffelke B. High spatio-temporal variability in Acroporidae settlement to inshore reefs of the Great Barrier Reef. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209771. [PMID: 30699141 PMCID: PMC6353100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovery of coral reefs after disturbance relies heavily on replenishment through successful larval settlement and their subsequent survival. As part of an integrated study to determine the potential effects of water quality changes on the resilience of inshore coral communities, scleractinian coral settlement was monitored between 2006 and 2012 at 12 reefs within the inshore Great Barrier Reef. Settlement patterns were only analysed for the family Acroporidae, which represented the majority (84%) of settled larvae. Settlement of Acroporidae to terracotta tiles averaged 0.11 cm-2, representing 34 ± 31.01 (mean ± SD) spat per tile, indicating an abundant supply of competent larvae to the study reefs. Settlement was highly variable among reefs and between years. Differences in settlement among locations partly corresponded to the local cover of adult Acroporidae, while substantial reductions in Acroporidae cover caused by tropical cyclones and floods resulted in a clear reduction in settlement. Much of the observed variability remained unexplained, although likely included variability in both connectivity to, and the fecundity of, adult Acroporidae. The responsiveness of settlement patterns to the decline in Acroporidae cover across all four regions indicates the importance of supply and connectivity, and the vulnerability towards region-wide disturbance. High spatial and temporal variability, in addition to the resource-intensive nature of sampling with settlement tiles, highlights the logistical difficulty of determining coral settlement over large spatial and temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnston Davidson
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Angus Thompson
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Murray Logan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Britta Schaffelke
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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20
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Uthicke S, Liddy M, Patel F, Logan M, Johansson C, Lamare M. Effects of larvae density and food concentration on Crown-of-Thorns seastar (Acanthaster cf. solaris) development in an automated flow-through system. Sci Rep 2018; 8:642. [PMID: 29330503 PMCID: PMC5766623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19132-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coral-eating Crown-of-Thorns Sea stars (Acanthaster spp.) are major contributors to coral reef loss in the Indo-Pacific region. A release from food limitation of their planktotrophic larvae through enhanced pelagic productivity is one of the main hypothesis explaining population outbreaks (‘nutrient limitation hypothesis’). To improve the understanding of these outbreaks we developed an automated flow- through larvae rearing system that maintained food (microalgae) at set levels over the course of four 15d experiments. This resulted in stable food concentrations in experimental tanks. Increased algae concentrations had a significant positive effect on larval development and size at 10 and 15 days post fertilization (dpf). Larvae densities had no effect at 10 dpf. At 15 dpf greater larvae densities were associated with declines in larvae size. Larval development was slowed under higher larvae densities. Thus, the effects of algae concentration and larvae density were additive at 15 dpf, with larvae under low densities at a given algae concentration being further developed than those under higher densities. The development of a flow-through system gives greater insight into the effect of algae and larvae concentrations on Acanthaster development, and the system can be applied to further test the nutrient-limitation hypothesis for present and future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Uthicke
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No 3, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia.
| | - M Liddy
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, 9016, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - F Patel
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No 3, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - M Logan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No 3, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - C Johansson
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No 3, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - M Lamare
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, 9016, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Logan M, Ijaz UZ, Hansen R, Gerasimidis K, Russell RK. Letter: reproducible evidence shows that exclusive enteral nutrition significantly reduces faecal calprotectin concentrations in children with active Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 46:1119-1120. [PMID: 29105140 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Logan
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - U Z Ijaz
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - R Hansen
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, The Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - K Gerasimidis
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - R K Russell
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, The Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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22
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Landi A, Law J, Hockman D, Logan M, Crawford K, Chen C, Kundu J, Ebensen T, Guzman CA, Deschatelets L, Krishnan L, Tyrrell DLJ, Houghton M. Superior immunogenicity of HCV envelope glycoproteins when adjuvanted with cyclic-di-AMP, a STING activator or archaeosomes. Vaccine 2017; 35:6949-6956. [PMID: 29089195 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Three decades after the discovery, hepatitis C virus (HCV) is still the leading cause of liver transplantation and poses a major threat to global health. In spite of recent advances in the development of direct acting antivirals, there is still a need for a prophylactic vaccine to limit the virus spread and protect at-risk populations, especially in developing countries, where the cost of the new treatments may severely limit access. The use of recombinant HCV glycoproteins E1E2 (rE1E2) in combination with the MF59, an oil-in-water emulsion-based adjuvant, has previously been shown to reduce the rate of chronicity in chimpanzees and to induce production of cross-neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses in human volunteers. To further improve neutralizing antibody responses in recipients along with robust T cell responses, we have explored the immunogenicity of different adjuvants when formulated with the HCV rE1E2 vaccine in mice. Our data show that cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) and archaeosomes elicit strong neutralizing antibodies similar to those elicited using aluminum hydroxide/monophosphoryl lipid A (Alum/monophos. /MPLA) and MF59. However, both c-di-AMP and archaeosomes induced a more robust cellular immune response, which was confirmed by the detection of vaccine-specific poly-functional CD4+ T cells. We conclude that these adjuvants may substantially boost the immunogenicity of our E1E2 vaccine. In addition, our data also indicates that use of a partial or exclusive intranasal immunization regimen may also be feasible using c-di-AMP as adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Landi
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Virology and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - J Law
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - D Hockman
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - M Logan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - K Crawford
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - C Chen
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - J Kundu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - T Ebensen
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - C A Guzman
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - L Deschatelets
- Immunobiology Department, Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - L Krishnan
- Immunobiology Department, Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - D L J Tyrrell
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - M Houghton
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
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Osborne K, Thompson AA, Cheal AJ, Emslie MJ, Johns KA, Jonker MJ, Logan M, Miller IR, Sweatman HPA. Delayed coral recovery in a warming ocean. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:3869-3881. [PMID: 28485822 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate change threatens coral reefs across the world. Intense bleaching has caused dramatic coral mortality in many tropical regions in recent decades, but less obvious chronic effects of temperature and other stressors can be equally threatening to the long-term persistence of diverse coral-dominated reef systems. Coral reefs persist if coral recovery rates equal or exceed average rates of mortality. While mortality from acute destructive events is often obvious and easy to measure, estimating recovery rates and investigating the factors that influence them requires long-term commitment. Coastal development is increasing in many regions, and sea surface temperatures are also rising. The resulting chronic stresses have predictable, adverse effects on coral recovery, but the lack of consistent long-term data sets has prevented measurement of how much coral recovery rates are actually changing. Using long-term monitoring data from 47 reefs spread over 10 degrees of latitude on Australia's Great Barrier Reef (GBR), we used a modified Gompertz equation to estimate coral recovery rates following disturbance. We compared coral recovery rates in two periods: 7 years before and 7 years after an acute and widespread heat stress event on the GBR in 2002. From 2003 to 2009, there were few acute disturbances in the region, allowing us to attribute the observed shortfall in coral recovery rates to residual effects of acute heat stress plus other chronic stressors. Compared with the period before 2002, the recovery of fast-growing Acroporidae and of "Other" slower growing hard corals slowed after 2002, doubling the time taken for modest levels of recovery. If this persists, recovery times will be increasing at a time when acute disturbances are predicted to become more frequent and intense. Our study supports the need for management actions to protect reefs from locally generated stresses, as well as urgent global action to mitigate climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Osborne
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville MC, QLD, Australia
| | - Angus A Thompson
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville MC, QLD, Australia
| | - Alistair J Cheal
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville MC, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael J Emslie
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville MC, QLD, Australia
| | - Kerryn A Johns
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville MC, QLD, Australia
| | - Michelle J Jonker
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville MC, QLD, Australia
| | - Murray Logan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville MC, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian R Miller
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville MC, QLD, Australia
| | - Hugh P A Sweatman
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville MC, QLD, Australia
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Fuentes MMPB, Delean S, Grayson J, Lavender S, Logan M, Marsh H. Spatial and Temporal Variation in the Effects of Climatic Variables on Dugong Calf Production. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155675. [PMID: 27355367 PMCID: PMC4927176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the relationships between environmental forcing and demographic parameters is important for predicting responses from climatic changes and to manage populations effectively. We explore the relationships between the proportion of sea cows (Dugong dugon) classified as calves and four climatic drivers (rainfall anomaly, Southern Oscillation El Niño Index [SOI], NINO 3.4 sea surface temperature index, and number of tropical cyclones) at a range of spatially distinct locations in Queensland, Australia, a region with relatively high dugong density. Dugong and calf data were obtained from standardized aerial surveys conducted along the study region. A range of lagged versions of each of the focal climatic drivers (1 to 4 years) were included in a global model containing the proportion of calves in each population crossed with each of the lagged versions of the climatic drivers to explore relationships. The relative influence of each predictor was estimated via Gibbs variable selection. The relationships between the proportion of dependent calves and the climatic drivers varied spatially and temporally, with climatic drivers influencing calf counts at sub-regional scales. Thus we recommend that the assessment of and management response to indirect climatic threats on dugongs should also occur at sub-regional scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana M P B Fuentes
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Steven Delean
- School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jillian Grayson
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sally Lavender
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
| | - Murray Logan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helene Marsh
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Bay LK, Doyle J, Logan M, Berkelmans R. Recovery from bleaching is mediated by threshold densities of background thermo-tolerant symbiont types in a reef-building coral. R Soc Open Sci 2016; 3:160322. [PMID: 27429786 PMCID: PMC4929921 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive molecular analyses show that most corals host a complement of Symbiodinium genotypes that includes thermo-tolerant types in low abundance. While tolerant symbiont types are hypothesized to facilitate tolerance to temperature and recovery from bleaching, empirical data on their distribution and relative abundance in corals under ambient and stress conditions are still rare. We quantified visual bleaching and mortality of coral hosts, along with relative abundance of C- and D-type Symbiodinium cells in 82 Acropora millepora colonies from three locations on the Great Barrier Reef transplanted to a central inshore site over a 13 month period. Our analyses reveal dynamic change in symbiont associations within colonies and among populations over time. Coral bleaching and declines in C- but not D-type symbionts were observed in transplanted corals. Survival and recovery of 25% of corals from one population was associated with either initial D-dominance or an increase in D-type symbionts that could be predicted by a minimum pre-stress D : C ratio of 0.003. One-third of corals from this population became D dominated at the bleached stage despite no initial detection of this symbiont type, but failed to recover and died in mid to late summer. These results provide a predictive threshold minimum density of background D-type symbionts in A. millepora, above which survival following extreme thermal stress is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line K. Bay
- Adaptation and Resilience of Coral Reefs to Climate Change, Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3 Townsville MC, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Jason Doyle
- Adaptation and Resilience of Coral Reefs to Climate Change, Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3 Townsville MC, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - Murray Logan
- Adaptation and Resilience of Coral Reefs to Climate Change, Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3 Townsville MC, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - Ray Berkelmans
- Adaptation and Resilience of Coral Reefs to Climate Change, Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3 Townsville MC, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
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Logan M, Van der Merwe MT, Dodgen TM, Myburgh R, Eloff A, Alessandrini M, Pepper MS. Allelic variants of the Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene in a South African study group. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2015; 4:68-76. [PMID: 26788538 PMCID: PMC4707032 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic that results in significant morbidity and mortality. Mutations in the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene, which codes for a G-protein-coupled receptor responsible for postprandial satiety signaling, have been associated with monogenic obesity. The prevalence of obesity is on the increase in South Africa, and it is hypothesized that mutations in MC4R are a contributing factor. The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective assessment of the relationship between allelic variants of MC4R and BMI in a South African study cohort. DNA was isolated from a demographically representative cohort of 297 individuals and the entire MC4R gene sequenced by Sanger sequencing. Eight previously reported MC4R variants were identified in 42 of the 297 (14.1%) study participants. The most frequently observed MC4R alleles were V103I (4.0%), I170V (1.5%), and I198I (1.2%), while the remaining five variants together constituted 1.18%. Five compound heterozygotes were also detected. Although MC4R variants were rare, the majority of variation was observed in individuals of Black African ancestry. No statistically significant associations with BMI were reported. Given that lifestyle interventions have limited success in decreasing obesity, there is an urgent need to perform large-scale population studies to further elucidate the molecular underpinnings of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray Logan
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa; Faculty of Health SciencesInstitute for Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | | | - Tyren M Dodgen
- Faculty of Health SciencesInstitute for Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa; Department of PharmacologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Renier Myburgh
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa; Faculty of Health SciencesInstitute for Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Arinda Eloff
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa; Faculty of Health SciencesInstitute for Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Marco Alessandrini
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa; Faculty of Health SciencesInstitute for Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa; Faculty of Health SciencesInstitute for Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa; Department of Genetic Medicine and DevelopmentFaculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
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McKinnon AD, Doyle J, Duggan S, Logan M, Lønborg C, Brinkman R. Zooplankton Growth, Respiration and Grazing on the Australian Margins of the Tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140012. [PMID: 26469275 PMCID: PMC4607465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific activity of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (spAARS), an index of growth rate, and of the electron transport system (spETS), an index of respiration, was measured in three size fractions (73–150 μm, >150 μm and >350 μm) of zooplankton during five cruises to tropical coastal waters of the Kimberley coast (North West Australia) and four cruises to waters of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR; North East Australia). The N-specific biomass of plankton was 3–4-fold higher in the Kimberley than on the GBR in all 3 size classes: Kimberley 1.27, 3.63, 1.94 mg m-3; GBR 0.36, 0.88 and 0.58 mg m-3 in the 73–150 μm, >150 μm and >350 μm size classes, respectively. Similarly, spAARS activity in the Kimberley was greater than that of the GBR: 88.4, 132.2, and 147.6 nmol PPi hr-1 mg protein -1 in the Kimberley compared with 71.7, 82.0 and 83.8 nmol PPi hr-1 mg protein -1 in the GBR, for the 73–150 μm, >150 μm and >350 μm size classes, respectively. Specific ETS activity showed similar differences in scale between the two coasts: 184.6, 148.8 and 92.2 μL O2 hr-1 mg protein-1 in the Kimberley, against 86.5, 88.3 and 71.3 μL O2 hr-1 mg protein-1 in the GBR. On the basis of these measurements, we calculated that >150 μm zooplankton grazing accounted for 7% of primary production in the Kimberley and 8% in GBR waters. Area-specific respiration by >73 μm zooplankton was 7-fold higher in the Kimberley than on the GBR and production by >150 μm zooplankton was of the order of 278 mg C m-2 d-1 in the Kimberley and 42 mg C m-2 d-1 on the GBR. We hypothesize that the much stronger physical forcing on the North West shelf is the principal driver of higher rates in the west than in the east of the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. David McKinnon
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, P.M.B. No. 3, Townsville M.C. 4810, Queensland, Australia
- The Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Jason Doyle
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, P.M.B. No. 3, Townsville M.C. 4810, Queensland, Australia
| | - Samantha Duggan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, P.M.B. No. 3, Townsville M.C. 4810, Queensland, Australia
| | - Murray Logan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, P.M.B. No. 3, Townsville M.C. 4810, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christian Lønborg
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, P.M.B. No. 3, Townsville M.C. 4810, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard Brinkman
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, P.M.B. No. 3, Townsville M.C. 4810, Queensland, Australia
- The Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Munroe SEM, Heupel MR, Fisk AT, Logan M, Simpfendorfer CA. Regional movement patterns of a small-bodied shark revealed by stable-isotope analysis. J Fish Biol 2015; 86:1567-1586. [PMID: 25846994 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study used stable-isotope analysis to define the nearshore regional residency and movements of the small-bodied Australian sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon taylori. Plasma and muscle δ(13) C and δ(15) N of R. taylori were collected from across five embayments and compared with values of seagrass and plankton from each bay. Linear distances between adjacent bays ranged from 30 to 150 km. There was a positive geographic correlation between R. taylori tissue and environmental δ(13) C values. Populations with the highest tissue δ(15) N were collected from bays that had the highest environmental δ(15) N values. These results suggest that R. taylori did not forage more than 100 km away from their capture location within 6 months to 1 year. The successful application of isotope analysis to define R. taylori movement demonstrates that this technique may be used in addition to traditional methods to study the movement of sharks, even within similar habitats across regionally small spatial scales (<100 km).
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Affiliation(s)
- S E M Munroe
- AIMS@JCU, Australian Institute of Marine Science & College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture & College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia
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Emslie MJ, Logan M, Williamson DH, Ayling AM, MacNeil MA, Ceccarelli D, Cheal AJ, Evans RD, Johns KA, Jonker MJ, Miller IR, Osborne K, Russ GR, Sweatman HPA. Expectations and Outcomes of Reserve Network Performance following Re-zoning of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Curr Biol 2015; 25:983-92. [PMID: 25819564 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Networks of no-take marine reserves (NTMRs) are widely advocated for preserving exploited fish stocks and for conserving biodiversity. We used underwater visual surveys of coral reef fish and benthic communities to quantify the short- to medium-term (5 to 30 years) ecological effects of the establishment of NTMRs within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP). The density, mean length, and biomass of principal fishery species, coral trout (Plectropomus spp., Variola spp.), were consistently greater in NTMRs than on fished reefs over both the short and medium term. However, there were no clear or consistent differences in the structure of fish or benthic assemblages, non-target fish density, fish species richness, or coral cover between NTMR and fished reefs. There was no indication that the displacement and concentration of fishing effort reduced coral trout populations on fished reefs. A severe tropical cyclone impacted many survey reefs during the study, causing similar declines in coral cover and fish density on both NTMR and fished reefs. However, coral trout biomass declined only on fished reefs after the cyclone. The GBRMP is performing as expected in terms of the protection of fished stocks and biodiversity for a developed country in which fishing is not excessive and targets a narrow range of species. NTMRs cannot protect coral reefs directly from acute regional-scale disturbance but, after a strong tropical cyclone, impacted NTMR reefs supported higher biomass of key fishery-targeted species and so should provide valuable sources of larvae to enhance population recovery and long-term persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Emslie
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville MC, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia.
| | - Murray Logan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville MC, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - David H Williamson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Anthony M Ayling
- Sea Research, 20 Rattray Avenue, Hideaway Bay, QLD 4800, Australia
| | - M Aaron MacNeil
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville MC, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Daniela Ceccarelli
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Alistair J Cheal
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville MC, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Richard D Evans
- Department of Parks and Wildlife, 17 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, Perth, WA 6151, Australia; Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Kerryn A Johns
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville MC, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Michelle J Jonker
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville MC, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Ian R Miller
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville MC, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Kate Osborne
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville MC, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Garry R Russ
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Hugh P A Sweatman
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville MC, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
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Paranthaman K, Bentley A, Milne LM, Kearns A, Loader S, Thomas A, Thompson F, Logan M, Newitt S, Puleston R. Nosocomial outbreak of staphyloccocal scalded skin syndrome in neonates in England, December 2012 to March 2013. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19. [PMID: 25166346 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.33.20880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is a blistering skin condition caused by exfoliative toxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Outbreaks of SSSS in maternity settings are rarely reported. We describe an outbreak of SSSS that occurred among neonates born at a maternity unit in England during December 2012 to March 2013. Detailed epidemiological and microbiological investigations were undertaken. Eight neonates were found to be infected with the outbreak strain of S. aureus, of spa type t346, representing a single pulsotype. All eight isolates contained genes encoding exfoliative toxin A (eta) and six of them contained genes encoding toxin B (etb). Nasal swabs taken during targeted staff screening yielded a staphylococcal carriage rate of 21% (17/80), but none contained the outbreak strain. Mass screening involving multi-site swabbing and pooled, enrichment culture identified a healthcare worker (HCW) with the outbreak strain. This HCW was known to have a chronic skin condition and their initial nasal screen was negative. The outbreak ended when they were excluded from work. This outbreak highlights the need for implementing robust swabbing and culture methodswhen conventional techniques are unsuccessful in identifying staff carrier(s). This study adds to the growing body of evidence on the role of HCWs in nosocomial transmission of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Paranthaman
- Public Health England, East Midlands Public Health England Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Fabricius KE, Logan M, Weeks S, Brodie J. The effects of river run-off on water clarity across the central Great Barrier Reef. Mar Pollut Bull 2014; 84:191-200. [PMID: 24863415 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Changes in water clarity across the shallow continental shelf of the central Great Barrier Reef were investigated from ten years of daily river load, oceanographic and MODIS-Aqua data. Mean photic depth (i.e., the depth of 10% of surface irradiance) was related to river loads after statistical removal of wave and tidal effects. Across the ∼25,000 km(2) area, photic depth was strongly related to river freshwater and phosphorus loads (R(2)=0.65 and 0.51, respectively). In the six wetter years, photic depth was reduced by 19.8% and below water quality guidelines for 156 days, compared to 9 days in the drier years. After onset of the seasonal river floods, photic depth was reduced for on average 6-8 months, gradually returning to clearer baseline values. Relationships were strongest inshore and midshelf (∼12-80 km from the coast), and weaker near the chronically turbid coast. The data show that reductions in river loads would measurably improve shelf water clarity, with significant ecosystem health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Fabricius
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia.
| | - M Logan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - S Weeks
- Biophysical Oceanography Group, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - J Brodie
- Centre for Tropical Water & Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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Evans-Illidge EA, Logan M, Doyle J, Fromont J, Battershill CN, Ericson G, Wolff CW, Muirhead A, Kearns P, Abdo D, Kininmonth S, Llewellyn L. Phylogeny drives large scale patterns in Australian marine bioactivity and provides a new chemical ecology rationale for future biodiscovery. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73800. [PMID: 24040076 PMCID: PMC3763996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-five years of Australian marine bioresources collecting and research by the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) has explored the breadth of latitudinally and longitudinally diverse marine habitats that comprise Australia's ocean territory. The resulting AIMS Bioresources Library and associated relational database integrate biodiversity with bioactivity data, and these resources were mined to retrospectively assess biogeographic, taxonomic and phylogenetic patterns in cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and central nervous system (CNS)-protective bioactivity. While the bioassays used were originally chosen to be indicative of pharmaceutically relevant bioactivity, the results have qualified ecological relevance regarding secondary metabolism. In general, metazoan phyla along the deuterostome phylogenetic pathway (eg to Chordata) and their ancestors (eg Porifera and Cnidaria) had higher percentages of bioactive samples in the assays examined. While taxonomy at the phylum level and higher-order phylogeny groupings helped account for observed trends, taxonomy to genus did not resolve the trends any further. In addition, the results did not identify any biogeographic bioactivity hotspots that correlated with biodiversity hotspots. We conclude with a hypothesis that high-level phylogeny, and therefore the metabolic machinery available to an organism, is a major determinant of bioactivity, while habitat diversity and ecological circumstance are possible drivers in the activation of this machinery and bioactive secondary metabolism. This study supports the strategy of targeting phyla from the deuterostome lineage (including ancestral phyla) from biodiverse marine habitats and ecological niches, in future biodiscovery, at least that which is focused on vertebrate (including human) health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Murray Logan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason Doyle
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jane Fromont
- Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Gavin Ericson
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carsten W. Wolff
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Muirhead
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Phillip Kearns
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Abdo
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stuart Kininmonth
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lyndon Llewellyn
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Steele J, Logan M, Walsh J, Munro B. Does wearing full-length women's tights that incorporate ASICS Inner Muscle technology improve sprint performance? J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Miller I, Cheal AJ, Emslie MJ, Logan M, Sweatman H. Ongoing effects of no-take marine reserves on commercially exploited coral trout populations on the Great Barrier Reef. Mar Environ Res 2012; 79:167-170. [PMID: 22763179 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Networks of no-take marine reserves (NTMRs) are widely used for managing marine resources. Because they restrict fishing, managers need to monitor reserves to reassure stakeholders that they are achieving the intended results. In 2004, the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) Marine Park was rezoned and the area of NTMRs was greatly increased. Using manta tow we assessed the effectiveness of the new NTMRs in conserving coral trout (Plectropomus and Variola spp.), the principle targets of the GBR reef line fishery. Over a six year period, we sampled regional groups of matched pairs of similar reefs, ones closed to fishing under the rezoning and ones that remained open. Coral trout populations were significantly higher in NTMRs. While coral trout populations declined on reefs open to fishing, stocks were maintained in NTMRs, highlighting the ongoing benefits of marine reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Miller
- AIMS - Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB#3, Townsville MC, Queensland 4810, Australia.
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Johnson CG, Kokelaar BP, Iverson RM, Logan M, LaHusen RG, Gray JMNT. Grain-size segregation and levee formation in geophysical mass flows. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jf002185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hope R, Mushtaq S, James D, Pllana T, Warner M, Livermore DM, Brown D, Rooney P, Palmer R, Croal J, Weinbren M, Hogue S, Gould K, Cumberland N, Logan M, Pillay DG, Thomas C, Want S, Oppenheim B, Kent R, Manjula, Rizkalla, Wade J, Wilcox M, Swann A, Leonard A, Galloway, Al-Wali W, Hudson SJ, Rogers J, Winstanley T, Riley UBG, Johnstone DJ, El-Bouri K, Jones G, MacGowan A, Jepson A, Unsworth, James E, Shetty N, Shemko M, Hastings M, Lafong C, Richards S, Nash J, Waghorn D, Cullen M, Todd N, Anderson AN, D'Arcy S, Goodburn C, Bignardi G. Tigecycline activity: low resistance rates but problematic disc breakpoints revealed by a multicentre sentinel survey in the UK. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65:2602-9. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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O'Connell AM, Keeling F, Given M, Logan M, Lee MJ. Fine-needle trucut biopsy versus fine-needle aspiration cytology with ultrasound guidance in the abdomen. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2008; 52:231-6. [PMID: 18477117 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.2008.01952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Historically, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has varying sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in the diagnosis of abdominal lesions with a high insufficient sampling rate. We compared 20-G fine-needle trucut biopsy (FNTB) with FNAC results in the biopsy of solid abdominal tumours. A retrospective review of 171 (128x 20-G FNTB and 43x FNAC) ultrasound-guided biopsies of abdominal tumours on 157 patients (male : female 85:72, mean age 61.25 years) were carried out. One hundred and seventy-one biopsies were carried out: liver 109, pancreas 19, lymph node 10, omentum 5, right iliac fossa mass 6, adrenal 6 and others 16. An average of 2.06 and 1.97 passes (range 1-4) were carried out per FNTB and FNAC, respectively. A definitive diagnosis was made in 122/128 biopsies (95.3%) and 32/43 biopsies (74.4%) for FNTB and FNAC, respectively. Diagnoses consisted of metastatic liver disease (74/171), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (10/171), lymphoma (8/171) and others (33/171) and benign (29/171). No significant complications occurred in either group. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were 87, 100, 100, 50, 84.4 and 93.1, 100, 100, 60, 71.4 for FNTB and FNAC, respectively. A greater and more consistent positive diagnosis rate is yielded by 20-G FNTB (95.3%) than FNAC (74.4%). The diagnostic accuracy of FNTB is 84.4% compared with 69.8% for FNAC. A greater insufficient sampling rate occurs with FNAC (25.6%) than with FNTB (4.7%). For abdominal biopsy, 20-G FNTB needles have a much higher yield than FNAC with no increase in complications. FNTB is the preferred choice, particularly where cytological assistance at the time of biopsy is unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M O'Connell
- Department of Radiology, Beaumont Hospital, and The Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
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Stevens CD, Ferris EB, Webb JP, Engel GL, Logan M. VOLUNTARY BREATHHOLDING. I. PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE DURING BREATHHOLDING. J Clin Invest 2006; 25:723-8. [PMID: 16695365 PMCID: PMC435611 DOI: 10.1172/jci101755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C D Stevens
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine
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Ejidokun OO, Walsh A, Barnett J, Hope Y, Ellis S, Sharp MW, Paiba GA, Logan M, Willshaw GA, Cheasty T. Human Vero cytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157 infection linked to birds. Epidemiol Infect 2006; 134:421-3. [PMID: 16490148 PMCID: PMC2870384 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268805004917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 (VTEC O157) infections are a threat to public health. VTEC O157 has been isolated from gulls but evidence of transmission to humans from birds has not been reported. We recount an incident of VTEC O157 infection affecting two sibling children who had no direct contact with farm animals. An outbreak control team was convened to investigate the source of infection, its likely mode of transmission, and to advise on control measures. Human and veterinary samples were examined and the human isolates were found to be identical to an isolate from a sample of bird (rook) faeces. Cattle, rabbit and environmental samples were negative. This report provides evidence that birds may act as intermediaries for human infection with VTEC O157.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Ejidokun
- Gloucestershire Health Protection Team, Cheltenham and Tewkesbury Primary Care Trust, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, UK.
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White J, Logan M, Rawles M. Development and implementation of a watershed management plan forLlac la Biche, Alberta, Canada. Water Sci Technol 2006; 53:261-7. [PMID: 16838711 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2006.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Lakeland County is experiencing increasing developmental pressures arising from the oil and gas boom at nearby Fort McMurray. There is increased industrial traffic passing through the county, and 600 new residential lots are proposed in 2005, almost double from 5 years ago. Deteriorating surface water quality has been a concern in the area due to an increase in development and agriculture, while excessive fish harvesting and winterkills have impacted commercial and recreational fisheries. Today, walleye and pike populations in the lake remain collapsed and restocking efforts have not been successful. Due to the lack of studies done on the watershed, the county is leading a multidisciplinary research study which includes a baseline water quality study, riparian health assessments, land use mapping and ground-truthing and projects with the local health authority. This research has been summarized in a comprehensive state of the watershed report, which will be used to complete a watershed management plan for the Lac la Biche watershed. Recommendations from the state of the watershed report and watershed management plan will also be incorporated into municipal planning documents and recommend changes to the Municipal Government Act itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- J White
- Aquality Environmental Consulting Ltd. 11216 - 23B Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6J 4Z6, Canada.
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Logan M, Williams A, Myers P. Intra-operative femoral nerve stimulation as an aid in tibial tuberosity transfer. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2005; 87:288-9. [PMID: 16082741 PMCID: PMC1963946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Logan
- Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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Logan M. EFFECT OF TOOTH WEAR ON THE RUMINATION-LIKE BEHAVIOR, OR MERYCISM, OF FREE-RANGING KOALAS (PHASCOLARCTOS CINEREUS). J Mammal 2003. [DOI: 10.1644/bba-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Logan M, Sanson GD. The effects of lactation on the feeding behaviour and activity patterns of free-ranging female koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus Goldfuss). AUST J ZOOL 2003. [DOI: 10.1071/zo03017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The free-ranging feeding behaviour and activity patterns of three lactating and two non-lactating female koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) were investigated using acoustically sensitive radio-telemetry. Lactating females were found to consume more leaf material, masticate more per leaf and at a greater rate, and perform more ingestive and mercyism mastications per 24 h than non-lactating females. Results suggest than female koalas are 'income breeders' that compensate for the higher energetic demands of lactation by increasing intake and, to a lesser degree, investing more in each mouthful so as to produce a shift in digesta particle size distribution in favour of more finer particles. Compared with non-lactating females, lactating female koalas were also found to spend more time moving within trees, feeding per 24 h and per bout, and less time resting and sleeping per 24 h, although the proportion of active time spent feeding was similar (~80%). This implies that female koalas adopt a 'time minimizing strategy whereby activity budgets respond to current requirements. Lactation-compensation mechanisms are compared with those reported for koalas with high tooth wear, and the capacity of aging female koalas to compensate for lactation are discussed.
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Compagni A, Foo S, Logan M, Klein R, Adams R. 21 Eph receptors and ephrins control the morphogenesis of limbs and blood vessels. J Anat 2002; 201:423. [PMID: 17103767 PMCID: PMC1570957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
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Riordan T, Cartwright K, Logan M, Cunningham R, Patrick S, Coleman T. How do microbiology consultants undertake their jobs? A survey of consultant time and tasks in South West England. J Clin Pathol 2002; 55:735-40. [PMID: 12354797 PMCID: PMC1769771 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.55.10.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To measure the total consultant medical microbiologist (CMM) weekly workload, to identify time spent on different activities, and to differentiate those tasks that were viewed by a consensus of consultants as core activities from those that could be accorded a lower priority. METHODS A self administered questionnaire completed by consultant medical microbiologists in the Public Health Laboratory Service South West Group. RESULTS Reported hours worked by respondents ranged from 41 to 65 hours each week, excluding on call activities. Eleven of 20 respondents reported working in excess of 48 hours each week. There was no correlation between hours worked and laboratory workload as measured by numbers of specimens. Clinical liaison, result authorisation, infection control, and management activities took up most time. Working practices varied widely between individuals, partly reflecting their differing roles in the laboratory. A consensus was reached regarding the relative importance and priority of many regular CMM activities. CONCLUSIONS Consultant microbiologists can identify, with consensus, both high and lower priority activities in their daily practice. If such clinical priorities can be more widely agreed across the profession, this would provide a rational approach to workload control.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Riordan
- Public Health Laboratory, Church Lane, Heavitree, Exeter EX2 5AD, UK.
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Abstract
The sociality (as measured by the degree of bellowing and amount of tree use) of five adult male koalas and one sub-adult male koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), with varying degrees of tooth wear, were investigated using acoustically sensitive radio-telemetry. Initial increases in tooth wear that coincide with an increase in age to maturity were associated with an increase in reproductive effort. Advanced tooth wear was found to be associated with a decrease in reproductive effort. This trend in reproductive effort is consistent with life-history predictions, and suggests that tooth wear has the potential to impose limitations on the reproductive longevity and fecundity of free-ranging male koalas.
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Logan M, Sanson GD. The effects of tooth wear on the activity patterns of free-ranging koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus Goldfuss). AUST J ZOOL 2002. [DOI: 10.1071/zo01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The free-ranging activity patterns of five adult males and one sub-adult male koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) with varying degrees of tooth wear were investigated using acoustically sensitive radio-telemetry. Increased tooth wear was found to be associated with a significant decrease in the amount of time spent sleeping and being inactive. Furthermore, compared with individuals with low degrees of tooth wear, individuals with high tooth wear were found to spend considerably less time moving within and between trees, and had home ranges an order of magnitude smaller. Hence, feeding compensations were found to come at the expense of other activities such as sociality and therefore have important consequences for reproductive output. Individuals with high tooth wear also spent longer feeding per bout, and spaced feeding bouts out more evenly throughout a 24-h period, thereby exhibiting reduced degrees of nocturnality. The sub-adult was found to range over a disproportionately large area and spend a relatively large amount of time moving between trees, indicative of a dispersing individual. Moreover, the activity patterns of this individual were found to differ slightly from the adult trends and were perhaps affected by the extra energetic demands associated with dispersal.
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Logan M. Fostering use of the Internet for research of clinical issues. Crit Care Nurse 2001. [DOI: 10.4037/ccn2001.21.6.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Logan M. Fostering use of the Internet for research of clinical issues. Crit Care Nurse 2001; 21:30-2, 34. [PMID: 11767762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Logan
- University of Alaska, Anchorage, USA
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Kinnaird J, Logan M, Tait A, Langsley G. TaCRK3 encodes a novel Theileria annulata protein kinase with motifs characteristic of the family of eukaryotic cyclin dependent kinases: a comparative analysis of its expression with TaCRK2 during the parasite life cycle. Gene 2001; 279:127-35. [PMID: 11733137 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(01)00753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The TaCRK3 gene from the bovine apicomplexan parasite Theileria annulata, encodes a 46 kDa polypeptide with strong homology to the eukaryotic family of cyclin-dependent kinases. TaCRK3 does not show significant alignment with any particular CDK group, other than the Pfmrk kinases from the related apicomplexans Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium yoelii. It has a putative bipartite nuclear localization signal and is located to parasite nuclei by IFAT. Protein levels are constitutive throughout differentiation of the intra-lymphocytic macroschizont. This contrasts with the expression pattern of TaCRK2 (Kinnaird et al., 1996, Mol. Microbiol., 22, 293-302) which is closely related to the eukaryotic CDK1 /2 families involved in regulation of cell cycle progression. TaCRK2 is also located to the parasite nuclei but has no nuclear localization signal and exhibits transient up-regulation in protein levels during mid-merogony. However compared to TaCRK3, it shows down-regulation near the end of merogony. We predict that TaCRK3 may have a role in regulation of gene transcription while TaCRK2 is more likely to be involved in control of parasite nuclear division.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kinnaird
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Glasgow University, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
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