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Farhadi F, Rajagopal JR, Veziroglu EM, Abdollahi H, Shiri I, Nikpanah M, Morris MA, Zaidi H, Rahmim A, Saboury B. Multi-Scale Temporal Imaging: From Micro- and Meso- to Macro-scale-time Nuclear Medicine. PET Clin 2023; 18:135-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wylleman A, Van der Veken D, Teughels W, Quirynen M, Laleman I. Alveolar bone level at deciduous molars in Flemish children: A retrospective, radiographic study. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:660-667. [PMID: 32144794 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this retrospective radiographic study in Flemish children was to examine the bone level and bone loss around deciduous molars and factors influencing this. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two thousand eight hundred ninety six digital intra-oral radiographs of children younger than 18 years old were screened for eligibility. The distance from the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar bone crest was measured, and tooth surfaces were screened for local risk factors that are presumably related to changes in the bone level. A distance >2 mm was defined as bone loss based on previous literature. All measurements were performed by two examiners. RESULTS One thousand four hundred ninety one radiographs of 796 patients (mean age 6.46 ± 2.38 years) were included. The distance between the cementoenamel junction and the alveolar bone crest ranged from 0.07 to 2.88 mm, and the mean distance was 0.93 ± 0.37 mm. This distance was positively correlated with age (p < .001). In 3.5% of patients, bone loss was diagnosed. Caries, fillings and pulp pathology were associated with bone loss and higher cementoenamel junction-alveolar bone crest distances (p < .05). CONCLUSION This study found a low prevalence of alveolar bone loss in the primary dentition. Both the bone level and bone loss were strongly correlated with local factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Wylleman
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Dentistry Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Van der Veken
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Dentistry Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Teughels
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Dentistry Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Quirynen
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Dentistry Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Laleman
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Dentistry Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Wazzan T, Kashtwari D, Almaden WF, Gong Y, Chen Y, Moreb J, Katz J. Radiographic bone loss and the risk of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in multiple myeloma patients-A retrospective case control study. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2018; 38:356-361. [PMID: 30194738 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Risk factors for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) include type and duration of antiresorptive drugs, dental trauma, local anatomy, systemic underlying conditions and therapy, smoking, and the presence of periodontal disease. However, there is a lack of studies elucidating the role of periodontal disease as risk predictor. In the present study, the dental charts of 100 multiple myeloma (MM) patients and 16 MM patients who developed MRONJ were studied. Information about age, gender, smoking history, diabetes, steroid drug intake, type and duration of bisphosphonate (BP) treatments, MRONJ status, missing teeth, periapical lesions, widening of the periodontal ligament, and periodontal status was collected. The periodontal status was determined as a percentage of missing bone at the mesial and distal surfaces of each tooth. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors associated with MRONJ. In the selected model, using the COX analysis, categorical bone loss percentage is significantly associated with MRONJ (P = 0.009), with hazard ratio 0.042 (high vs low) and 95% CI 0.004 to 0.453. Gender, steroid, Aredia BP type, and periapical are also significant in selected model. In conclusion, advanced alveolar bone loss and missing teeth were strongly related to the occurrence of MRONJ in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taggreed Wazzan
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Deeba Kashtwari
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Wejood F Almaden
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yiqing Chen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jan Moreb
- Department of Medicine University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joseph Katz
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence by site and tooth of aggressive periodontists (AP) in primary teeth of children with AP, that will facilitate the early diagnosis of AP. STUDY DESIGN Radiographic evidence of AP by tooth and site of primary teeth of 29 children with AP was analyzed by gender, ethnicity, type of dentition (primary or mixed), alveolar bone site and type of tooth. RESULTS The range and mean ± standard error of number of sites and teeth per patient with AP were 4 to 28, 13.1±1.2 and 4 to 12, 8.3±0.5 respectively. The differences in prevalence of AP by gender, ethnicity, dentition and homologous sites at both sides of the mouth were not statistically significant (Chi square). AP was mostly diagnosed at the distal area of the maxillary canine, the proximal areas of the first maxillary primary molars, and the distal area of the mandibular first primary molar. The most affected teeth with AP were the first primary molars followed by the maxillary cuspid, and the second molars. CONCLUSIONS Examination of children's primary teeth should include abnormal mobility, when found it should be followed by radiographic evaluation for the presence of AP, taking in consideration the present findings.
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Restrepo CC, Tirado M, Jimenez KJ. Association of sleep bruxism and dental plaque factors on signs of periodontal disease in children in the mixed dentition. Int J Paediatr Dent 2016; 26:477-485. [PMID: 26826672 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease has a multifactorial etiology; however, dental plaque and possible sleep bruxism (SB) have not been tested together in children as predictors of periodontal disease. AIM To assess the variation of SB, dental biofilm (DBF), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI) between localized and generalized pathological probing depth (PPD), crestal bone loss (CBL), and lack of delineation of lamina dura (LD) and to establish the association of DBF, GI, PI and SB with PPD, CBL, and LD in children with mixed dentition. METHODS Fifty children were assessed for SB and underwent a clinical and radiographic periodontal examination. anova and three multiple variable analysis were used to analyze the data. RESULTS One-way anova was found to be statistically significant for SB, between localized and generalized PPD (P = 0.03), CBL (P = 0.01), and LD (P = 0.005) and for DBF between localized and generalized CBL (P = 0.02). The three multiple variable analysis showed statistically and clinically significant associations of DBF with PPD (OR = 3.33); GI (OR = 2.37), and PI (OR = 1.46) with CBL and SB (OR = 7.66) and DBF (OR = 9.87) with LD. PI presented statistically significant association with CBL. CONCLUSION Significant associations of SB, DBF, GI, and PI with PD, CBL, and LD and the variations of the same factors between localized and generalized PPD, CBL, and LD suggest the necessity of evaluating SB, DBF, GI, and PI when children are screened in regular dental visits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcela Tirado
- CES-LPH Research Group, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
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Sardana V, Balappanavar AY, Deshpande S, Shigli A, Indushekar KR, Gogia G. Evaluation of marginal alveolar bone height for early detection of periodontal disease in pediatric population: clinical and radiographic study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014; 15:37-45. [PMID: 24939263 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish a normal range for the radiographic distance between cementoenamel junction and alveolar bone crest and the factors affecting distances for the early assessment of periodontal disease in Dravidian pediatric population. METHODS Fifty children aged 6 to 8 years were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical and radiographic examination was performed. All the surfaces were examined starting from the distal surface of primary canine to the mesial surface of first permanent molar. The various risk factors like plaque, calculus, proximal caries, restoration and bleeding on probing were recorded. A pair of bitewing radiographs was taken for each child. Bitewing radiographs were traced and analyzed. RESULTS It showed that CEJ-ABC distance in primary teeth is about 1 ± 0.5 mm. In the permanent teeth, it was found to be 0.6 ± 0.5 mm in 6 to 8 years age group. CEJ-ABC distance was also affected by different variables like physiologic (eruption and exfoliation) and pathologic factors (plaque, calculus, dental caries, restorations, stainless steel crowns, bleeding on probing and probing depth). CONCLUSION CEJ-ABC distances greater than 2.5 mm should be considered under recall and follow-up. Children and adolescents susceptible to periodontal disease should be identified by radiographic means as early as possible in order to prevent the advance of an otherwise possibly destructive disease. The concept of oral health examination and treatment must include examination of the periodontal status of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Sardana
- Associate Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, ITS Institute of Dental Sciences, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aswini Y Balappanavar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shobha Deshpande
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Yerala Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anand Shigli
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Bharti Vidyapeeth Institute of Dental Sciences, Sangli, Maharashtra India
| | - K R Indushekar
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Guneet Gogia
- Reader, Department of Periodontics, Rama Institute of Dental Sciences Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Prevalence of Periodontal Bone Loss in Brazilian Adolescents through Interproximal Radiography. Int J Dent 2012; 2012:357056. [PMID: 23056048 PMCID: PMC3465972 DOI: 10.1155/2012/357056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of alveolar bone loss in Brazilian adolescents through the interproximal X-rays analysis. Methods. Bilateral and standardized interproximal (bitewing) X-rays were performed in 15-year-old adolescents (n = 326), and the processing of films and measurements of alveolar bone levels were accomplished by a single examiner. A distance between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the alveolar bone crest more than 2 mm was considered as periodontal bone loss. Results. The results showed percentage of bone loss of 10.4% with predominance of horizontal defects (8.9%) over the vertical types (1.5%). It was verified higher individual distribution of one lesion (67.6%) than two (26.5%) or three lesions (5.6%), and higher occurrence was detected in men (14.95) than in women (8.21). Conclusion. It can be concluded that the interproximal radiography was an efficient method for the detection of alveolar bone loss, revealing low prevalence in adolescents and predominance of horizontal bone defects.
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Aguirre JI, Akhter MP, Kimmel DB, Pingel J, Xia X, Williams A, Jorgensen M, Edmonds K, Lee JY, Reinhard MK, Battles AH, Kesavalu L, Wronski TJ. Enhanced alveolar bone loss in a model of non-invasive periodontitis in rice rats. Oral Dis 2012; 18:459-68. [PMID: 22233442 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01893.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) develops periodontitis-like lesions when fed a diet rich in sucrose and casein (H-SC). We aimed to establish whether this model can accurately mimic the development of human periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this purpose, 28-day-old rice rats (15/group) were assigned to standard (STD) or H-SC diets and sacrificed after 6, 12, and 18 weeks. Jaws were processed for morphometric, histometric, histologic, histomorphometric, and micro-CT analyses. RESULTS We found a progressive increase in horizontal alveolar bone loss (ABL) with age in maxillae of rats fed the STD diet as determined by morphometry. The H-SC diet exacerbated horizontal ABL at the palatal surface at 12 and 18 weeks. Furthermore, increased vertical ABL was detected in mandibles and maxillae of rats fed the H-SC diet for 12 and/or 18 weeks by histometry and micro-CT. Remarkably, the H-SC diet significantly increased bone remodeling at the interproximal alveolar bone of mandibles from rats fed for 6 weeks, but not in those fed for longer periods. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the H-SC diet induced a transient increase in alveolar bone remodeling, which is followed by ABL characteristic of moderate periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Al Jamal G, Al-Batayneh OB, Hamamy D. The alveolar bone height of the primary and first permanent molars in healthy 6- to 9-year-old Jordanian children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2011; 21:151-9. [PMID: 21306452 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2010.01073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To establish a threshold cemantoenamel junction (CEJ)-alveolar bone crest (ABC) distance in healthy 6- to 9-year-old Jordanian children and determine the effect of pathological changes, physiological changes, gender, and age on the CEJ-ABC distance. DESIGN Bitewing radiographs were made for 539 6- to 9-year-old children. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), calculus index (CI), DMFS score, and pocket depth were all assessed through clinical examination. CEJ-ABC distance was measured from radiographs at the mesial surface of permanent first molars (PFM), and the mesial and distal surfaces of primary molars. RESULTS The CEJ-ABC distance ranged from 0.00 to 4.49 mm, the mean for all surfaces was 0.84 ± 0.44 mm, no gender or age group differences were found. The mesial surface of the PFMs had the smallest mean CEJ-ABC distance. The CEJ-ABC distances were greater in the maxilla than in the mandible. No significant effect of PI, GI or CI on CEJ-ABC distance was found. Caries, faulty restorations, exfoliation, and partial eruption adjacent to measured surfaces had significant effect on the CEJ-ABC distance. CONCLUSION The mean CEJ-ABC distance was <1 mm. Threshold CEJ-ABC distances of 1.0 and 1.5 mm for PFMs and primary molars, respectively, are suggested to be used in 6- to 9-year-old children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaida Al Jamal
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
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10
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Guimarães MDCM, de Araújo VM, Avena MR, Duarte DRDS, Freitas FV. Prevalence of alveolar bone loss in healthy children treated at private pediatric dentistry clinics. J Appl Oral Sci 2010; 18:285-90. [PMID: 20857009 PMCID: PMC5349043 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572010000300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of alveolar bone loss
(BL) in healthy children treated at private pediatric dentistry clinics in
Brasília, Brazil. Material and Methods The research included 7,436 sites present in 885 radiographs from 450 children.
The BL prevalence was estimated by measuring the distance from the cementoenamel
junction (CEJ) to alveolar bone crest (ABC). Data were divided in groups: (I) No
BL: distance from CEJ to ABC is ≤2 mm; (II) questionable BL (QBL): distance
from CEJ to ABC is >2 and <3 mm; (III) definite BL (DBL): distance from CEJ
to ABC ≥3 mm. Data were treated by the chi-square nonparametric test and
Fisher's exact test (p<0.05). Results Among males, 89.31% were classified in group I, 9.82% were classified in group II
and 0.85% in group III. Among females, 93.05%, 6.48% and 0.46% patients were
classified in Group I, II and III, respectively. The differences between genders
were not statistically significant (Chi-square test, p = 0.375). Group composition
according to patients’ age showed that 91.11% of individuals were classified as
group I, 8.22% in group II and 0.67% in group III. The differences among the age
ranges were not statistically significant (Chi-square test, p = 0.418). The mesial
and distal sites showed a higher prevalence of BL in the jaw, QBL (89.80%) and DBL
(79.40%), and no significant difference was observed in the distribution of QBL
(Fisher’s exact test p = 0.311) and DBL (Fisher’s exact test p = 0.672) in the
dental arches. The distal sites exhibited higher prevalence of both QBL (77.56%)
and DBL (58.82%). Conclusions The periodontal status of children should never be underestimated because BL
occurs even in healthy populations, although in a lower frequency.
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Fleisher KE, Welch G, Kottal S, Craig RG, Saxena D, Glickman RS. Predicting risk for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: CTX versus radiographic markers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 110:509-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chun YS, Lee SK, Wikesjö UME, Lim WH. The interdental gingiva, a visible guide for placement of mini-implants. Orthod Craniofac Res 2009; 12:20-4. [PMID: 19154271 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-6343.2008.01433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether the tip of the interdental gingiva can serve as a visible guide for placement of mini-implants. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION Computer tomography (CT) images from 15 males and 15 females (mean age 27 years, range: 23-35 years) were used to evaluate the distance from the tip of the interdental gingiva to the alveolar crest from the central incisor to the 1st molar. The distance from a reference point to the tip of interdental gingiva was recorded from study models using a caliper. The distance between the reference point and the alveolar crest was recorded using CT and added to the model recordings thus providing the distance from the tip of interdental gingiva to the alveolar crest for the various interdental sites. Two-way anova and Student-Newman-Keuls test for multiple comparisons were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the distance from the tip of interdental gingiva to the alveolar crest between maxilla and mandible. The distance between the tip of interdental gingiva and the alveolar crest at the central/lateral incisors was the shortest compared with that of other sites. There was also a statistically significant difference between the male and female groups except for the maxillary 2nd premolar/1st molar interradicular site. CONCLUSION The tip of interdental gingiva appears a reasonable visual guide for the placement of mini-implants for orthodontic anchorage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Chun
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Ewha Womans University, Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Pierro VSS, de Souza IPR, Luiz RR, Barcelos R, Moraes RS. Reliability of two methods for measurement of alveolar bone level in children. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2008; 37:34-9. [DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/18566768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Pitiphat W, Crohin C, Williams P, Merchant AT, Douglass CW, Colditz GA, Joshipura KJ. Use of Preexisting Radiographs for Assessing Periodontal Disease in Epidemiologic Studies. J Public Health Dent 2007; 64:223-30. [PMID: 15562945 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2004.tb02757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the feasibility of obtaining preexisting dental radiographs by mail, the validity of assessing alveolar bone loss from posterior radiographs compared to full mouth, and the validity of alveolar bone loss assessed from radiographs taken at different times. METHODS This investigation uses data obtained for a study evaluating associations between oral conditions, blood biomarkers, and coronary heart disease within two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. If consenting participants had dental radiographs, we requested these radiographs from their dentists. Some dentists returned multiple sets of radiographs, which enabled us to conduct this study. A calibrated periodontist read all radiographs with good intraexaminer reliability (r=0.91). We compared posterior radiographs to full mouth (n=121 sets), as well as radiographs taken at different times (mean difference of 5 years) (n=102 pairs). RESULTS Of the 812 participants, 81 percent consented and 66 percent provided radiographs. Posterior radiographs underestimated periodontitis (> or =1 site with > or =5 mm alveolar bone loss) prevalence by 6 percent (53.7% vs 57.0%) compared to full mouth, with sensitivity of 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.86, 0.98) and specificity of 1. Spearman correlation coefficients comparing mean alveolar bone loss were 0.70 for anterior versus posterior teeth (mean difference=0.48), 0.92 for posterior teeth versus full mouth (mean difference=0.25), and 0.78 for pairs of radiographs taken at different times (mean difference=0.01). The kappa statistic was 0.70 comparing radiographs taken within 5 years and 0.29 when the period extended beyond 5 years. CONCLUSION Preexisting radiographs are feasible for use in epidemiologic studies and provide valid assessments of periodontal disease.
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Darby IB, Lu J, Calache H. Radiographic study of the prevalence of periodontal bone loss in Australian school-aged children attending the Royal Dental Hospital of Melbourne. J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32:959-65. [PMID: 16104960 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2005.00767.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of alveolar bone loss around the first permanent molars, and first and second deciduous molars in Australian school-aged children attending the Royal Dental Hospital of Melbourne. METHOD Nine hundred and ninety-five records were examined for useable bitewing radiographs. From these, radiographs of 542 Australian school children aged 5-12 years were used. The cervical-enamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar bone crest (ABC) distance was measured using the transparent ruler on the magnifier. Each inter-dental site that was readable was scored as one for the following categories: not available (NA); no bone loss (NBL)- the CEJ-ABC was < or =2 mm; questionable bone loss (QBL): the distance from the CEJ-ABC was >2 and <3 mm; and definite bone loss (DBL): the distance from the CEJ to ABC was > or =3 mm. RESULTS Seventy-one children (13.0%) were found to have 83 DBL sites, as determined by bone levels >3.0 mm from the CEJ. Seventy children had QBL lesions only, 50 children had DBL only and 21 children had both. The overall prevalence of bone loss was 26%. Second deciduous molars were found to be the most affected teeth with almost 75% lesions being distal. These teeth comprised 50% of the DBL lesions. Children of Asian-Far Eastern origin had a higher percentage of sites with bone loss compared with children of Caucasian origin, being 29.5% and 19.7%, respectively, but lower than that of children of Middle-Eastern origin (35.2%). When the data were analysed with relation to age, there was no relationship between age and prevalence of bone loss. CONCLUSION In the population studied, there was an overall prevalence of periodontal bone loss of 26% and DBL of 13% in an Australian school-aged group. Calculus was detected infrequently and, where present, was associated with bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan B Darby
- Periodontics, School of Dental Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This manuscript attempts to critically review current literature regarding the natural history, aetiology and pathogenesis of the common periodontal diseases to affect children and adolescents. The logic behind the emergence of a new classification in the early 1990s is explained and potential problems with the interpretation of such systems outlined. DATA SOURCES The manuscript focuses upon recent developments, reported in the international periodontal literature, aimed at unraveling the molecular basis for this group of diseases. The concept of one disease type progressing with time to another disease within the same individual is discussed, and early data presented that indicate the possibility of microbial transmission from deciduous to permanent dentition's within a subject. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that differing classification systems for adolescent and childhood periodontal diseases may lead to confusion within the dental profession, unless the clinical and molecular basis for such diseases is fully understood. Further advances in basic research using molecular biology tools should assist in our understanding of the aetiopathology at a molecular level and hopefully lead to the development of new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dibart
- Department of Periodontology, Goldman School of Graduate Dentistry, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Armitage
- Division of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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