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Schropp L, Sørensen APS, Devlin H, Matzen LH. Use of artificial intelligence software in dental education: A study on assisted proximal caries assessment in bitewing radiographs. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2024; 28:490-496. [PMID: 37961027 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Teaching of dental caries diagnostics is an essential part of dental education. Diagnosing proximal caries is a challenging task, and automated systems applying artificial intelligence (AI) have been introduced to assist in this respect. Thus, the implementation of AI for teaching purposes may be considered. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an AI software on students' ability to detect enamel-only proximal caries in bitewing radiographs (BWs) and to assess whether proximal tooth overlap interferes with caries detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 74 dental students randomly allocated to either a test or control group. At two sessions, both groups assessed proximal enamel caries in BWs. At the first session, the test group registered caries in 25 BWs using AI software (AssistDent®) and the control group without using AI. One month later, both groups detected caries in another 25 BWs in a clinical setup without using the software. The student's registrations were compared with a reference standard. Positive agreement (caries) and negative agreement (no caries) were calculated, and t-tests were applied to assess whether the test and control groups performed differently. Moreover, t-tests were applied to test whether proximal overlap interfered with caries registration. RESULTS At the first and second sessions, 56 and 52 tooth surfaces, respectively, were detected with enamel-only caries according to the reference standard. At session 1, no significant difference between the control (48%) and the test (42%) group was found for positive agreement (p = .08), whereas the negative agreement was higher for the test group (86% vs. 80%; p = .02). At session 2, there was no significant difference between the groups. The test group improved for positive agreement from session 1 to session 2 (p < .001), while the control group improved for negative agreement (p < .001). Thirty-eight per cent of the tooth surfaces overlapped, and the mean positive agreement and negative agreement were significantly lower for overlapping surfaces than non-overlapping surfaces (p < .001) in both groups. CONCLUSION Training with the AI software did not impact on dental students' ability to detect proximal enamel caries in bitewing radiographs although the positive agreement improved over time. It was revealed that proximal tooth overlap interfered with caries detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Schropp
- Oral Radiology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anders Peter Sejersdal Sørensen
- Oral Radiology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Private practice, Tandlægerne Sydcentret, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Hugh Devlin
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Louise Hauge Matzen
- Oral Radiology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Ullah R, Iqbal SK, Zafar MS. The urgency of cautious prescription for fluoride toothpaste: Recommendations for the stakeholders. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2024; 19:133-135. [PMID: 38021218 PMCID: PMC10630108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ullah
- Department of Oral Biology, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed K. Iqbal
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S. Zafar
- Department of Restorative, Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
- School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Pillai S, Rohani K, Macdonald ME, Al-Hamed FS, Tikhonova S. Integration of an evidence-based caries management approach in dental education: The perspectives of dental instructors. J Dent Educ 2024; 88:69-81. [PMID: 37822041 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES Evidence-based caries management (EBCM) has developed into an internationally recognized tool for integration of comprehensive non-surgical caries treatment in dental education. However, uptake of the EBCM approach remains uneven across Canadian dental schools. Our project sought to understand how dental instructors perceive the challenges and solutions to the integration of the EBCM approach in undergraduate clinical education. METHODS Using a qualitative descriptive design, we recruited a purposeful sample of clinical instructors supervising undergraduate dental students in caries-related dental care. Semi-structured, online interviews focused on the main characteristics of EBCM. Interviews were analyzed using the awareness, desire, knowledge, ability, and reinforcement (ADKAR) change management model to understand challenges with EBCM implementation in undergraduate education. The analysis process started with verbatim transcription; then, transcripts were coded deductively based on the interview guide and the ADKAR model domains, and inductively to generate emergent codes. Finally, thematic analysis was used to develop themes and subthemes. RESULTS We interviewed 11 dental instructors with a wide range of clinical experience. Our results show that participants had sufficient awareness regarding the need for the EBCM approach and portrayed a strong desire to participate in bringing curricular changes. Knowledge and ability of participants depended on their training, experience, and involvement in continuing education courses. A lack of standardized caries management practices, less chairside time, and poor remuneration for instructors were major barriers in EBCM clinical implementation. Potential solutions suggested included providing continuing education courses, credits for students for non-surgical caries management, and remunerating instructors for implementation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, most participants were aware of the need for a substantive change toward EBCM and demonstrated the desire to participate and improve its implementation. Our analysis showed that to facilitate full integration of the EBCM approach into the undergraduate dental clinics, organizational focus needs to be placed on the individual's knowledge and ability, with tailored efforts toward reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeth Pillai
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kimia Rohani
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Svetlana Tikhonova
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Agouropoulos A, Seymen F, Kupietzky A, Bönecker M. Global overview on current paediatric dentistry teaching: A survey of National Member Societies of the IAPD. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024; 34:58-65. [PMID: 37330970 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Published information on the teaching and recognition of paediatric dentistry (PD) is limited worldwide. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the status of current teaching of undergraduate and postgraduate training in PD and identify differences by country-level economic development. DESIGN Representatives from 80 national member societies of the International Association of Paediatric Dentistry (IAPD) were invited to complete a questionnaire on undergraduate and postgraduate PD curricula, types of postgraduate education offered, and recognition of the specialty. Country economic development level was classified according to the World Bank criteria. The chi-squared test and the Spearman correlation coefficient were used for data analysis (α = 0.005). RESULTS Response rate was 63%. Teaching of PD at the undergraduate level was present in all countries, but PD specialization, master's, and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) coursework were offered in 75%, 64%, and 53% of surveyed countries, respectively. Postgraduate specialization courses were offered in a significantly larger proportion of high-income countries than in upper-middle- or lower-middle-income countries (p < .01). In 20% of participating countries, PD was not an officially recognized specialty with no difference in recognition of the specialty by country's economic development level (p = .62). CONCLUSION Paediatric dentistry is taught at the undergraduate level universally, but at the postgraduate level, significantly fewer courses are available, especially in lower-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Agouropoulos
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Figen Seymen
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ari Kupietzky
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marcelo Bönecker
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sampaio FC, Bönecker M, Paiva SM, Arthur RA, Cohen-Carneiro F, Ditterich R, Pires FS, Wang L, Cavalcante LM, Gatti-Reis L, Spínola VB, Martignon S, Malheiros Z, Stewart B, Carcereri DL, Scavuzzi AI, Fontanella V. Consensus for teaching dental caries in the Portuguese Language at Brazilian dental schools. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e120. [PMID: 38055571 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to present a summary of the process of developing and preparing the final documents of the national consensus for teaching undergraduate Brazilian dental students the dental caries curriculum in the Portuguese language. The final document was developed in three steps: a) The ABENO and LAOHA cariology group invited experts from all five regions of Brazil to participate in the discussion. The theoretical support for crafting the first draft of the consensus was based on two publications: National Curriculum Guidelines of the Dentistry graduation in Brazil, Ministry of Education (2021) and the competences described in the European Core Curriculum for Cariology (ORCA-ADEE, 2011); b) The group of experts was divided into 5 working groups: G1-Domain, Main and Specific Competences, G2-Essential knowledge, G3-Life course perspective, G4-Social determinants and dental caries, G5- Glossary. The document was finalized by thoroughly reviewing the process using Delphi methodology; c) The 5-chapter document (one from each working group) was submitted to three open public consultations in 2022 (May-June, August, and October) using Google-forms. The suggestions (content/wording) were discussed within the group as: totally accepted, partially accepted, and rejected. A total of 192 suggestions were registered from 31 dental schools in all regions of Brazil. The number of suggestions received per Group were: 84, 28, 26, 24, 30 suggestions for G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5, respectively. The majority of suggestions were totally accepted by the group of experts (n = 172, 89.6%), 15 were partially accepted (7.8%), and 5 were rejected. Conclusion The final document could be considered to be the first national consensus for teaching the dental caries curriculum in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Correia Sampaio
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Department of Clinical and Community Dentistry , Health Science Center , Joao Pessoa , PB , Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bönecker
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry , Department of Pediatric Dentistry , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry , Department of Pediatric Dentistry , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Alex Arthur
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Dental School , Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Ditterich
- Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Department of Community Dentistry , Curitiba , PR , Brazil
| | - Fabiana Schneider Pires
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Dental School , Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Linda Wang
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru, School of Dentistry , Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials , Bauru , SP , Brazil
| | | | - Luisa Gatti-Reis
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry , Department of Pediatric Dentistry , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - Vitoria Borges Spínola
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry , Department of Pediatric Dentistry , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Stefania Martignon
- UNICA - Caries Research Unit, Research Department , Universidad El Bosque , Bogotá , Colombia
| | - Zilson Malheiros
- Latin American Oral Health Association - LAOHA, São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Bernal Stewart
- Latin American Oral Health Association - LAOHA, São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | | | - Ana Isabel Scavuzzi
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana - UEFS, Feira de Santana , BA , Brazil
| | - Vania Fontanella
- ABENO, Brazilian Association of Dental Education , Florianópolis , Brazil
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Jablonski-Momeni A, Korbmacher-Steiner H. [Assessment of carious dental lesions and treatment options: comparison of the knowledge of dental students and orthodontic assistants]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023; 66:1389-1396. [PMID: 37943347 PMCID: PMC10667149 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03799-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to optimize dental education, established procedures for caries diagnosis and therapy, such as the International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS), should be integrated into the curriculum. In preparation, the level of knowledge of dental students on caries detection and management was surveyed in order to specifically address deficits in dental teaching. In addition, the data were compared with the knowledge of clinically experienced dentists. The results are presented in this report and possible consequences for dental teaching are discussed.Twenty-six sixth semester dental students and six assistant dentists at the Department of Orthodontics (Philipps University of Marburg, Germany) were available for the written survey during the winter semester 2018/2019. For 12 anonymized orthodontic patient cases, the clinical findings, caries risk, and adequate treatment were to be determined for each defined tooth. The consensus decision of two experienced dentists served as the reference value. As a result, agreement with the reference ranged from 40.7% to 51.3% for students and from 56.9% to 75.0% for assistant dentists. The extent of caries and the resulting necessary treatment were mostly underestimated.In addition to theoretical knowledge, clinical experience is another prerequisite for adequate caries diagnosis and its management. The underestimation of caries extent and necessary treatment should be taken into account when teaching content. Procedures such as the ICCMS should be integrated into the dental curriculum at an early stage, so that orthodontic patients can also receive effective care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Jablonski-Momeni
- Medizinisches Zentrum für Zahn‑, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde, Abteilung für Kieferorthopädie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Str. 3, 35039, Marburg, Deutschland.
| | - Heike Korbmacher-Steiner
- Medizinisches Zentrum für Zahn‑, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde, Abteilung für Kieferorthopädie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Str. 3, 35039, Marburg, Deutschland
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Martignon S, Cortes A, Avila V, Velasco K, Abreu-Placeres N, Aranguiz V, Bullen M, Giacaman R, Malheiros Z, Pozos-Guillén A, Sampaio F, Fernández CE, García M, González-Montero M, Gudiño-Fernandez S, Hugo FN, Pardo-Silva MI, Salazar L, Squassi A, Zarta OL, Stewart B, Jácome-Liévano S. Core Cariology Curriculum Framework in Spanish for Latin American dental schools: development and consensus. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e119. [PMID: 38055570 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and achieve consensus on a cariology teaching framework for dental schools in Latin American Spanish-speaking countries. The Delphi process, with a ≥8 0% pre-defined participants' agreement, included three phases and a Coordinating Group. During the Preparation phase three panels of experts were selected and invited to participate: a) Regional academic/professional Dental Associations (Associations-Panel): n = 12; b) Regional Dental Schools (Dental-Schools-Panel): existing dental schools (n = 263) from the 19 Spanish-speaking regional countries; c) International academic/professional associations Peer Experts (Peer-Panel): n = 4. Based on consensus documents from Europe, Colombia, the Caribbean, USA, Chile and Spain, and updated scientific evidence, the Coordinating Group developed a baseline framework proposal of domains, main competencies (MC) and specific competencies (SC). The Consultation-Agreement and Consensus phases included three rounds of questionnaires with a step-wise sharing of the MC updated version of the consensus framework with the Dental-Schools-Panel and including SC with the Associations-Panel. Diverse communication strategies were used ( e.g ., independent google-form questionnaires and workshops). Consensus was reached after an on-site Associations-Panel workshop and secret voting, followed by an online meeting with the Peers-Panel. A total of 127 academic/professional institutions participated (Associations-Panel: 11, 91.6%; Dental-Schools-Panel: 112, 42.6%, all countries; Peers-Panel: 4, 100%). The baseline Cariology teaching framework of 5 domains, 10 MC and 92 SC underwent modifications after agreements for a final consensus framework consisting of 5 domains, 10 MC and 85 SC. A Core Cariology curriculum framework in Spanish for Latin American Dental Schools was successfully developed and agreed upon with regional dental academic and professional institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Martignon
- Universidad El Bosque , UNICA - Caries Research Unit, Research Department , Bogotá , Colombia
| | - Andrea Cortes
- Universidad El Bosque , UNICA - Caries Research Unit, Research Department , Bogotá , Colombia
| | - Viviana Avila
- Universidad El Bosque , UNICA - Caries Research Unit, Research Department , Bogotá , Colombia
| | - Karina Velasco
- Universidad El Bosque , UNICA - Caries Research Unit, Research Department , Bogotá , Colombia
| | - Ninoska Abreu-Placeres
- Universidad Iberoamericana , Biomaterials and Dentistry Research Center , Research and Innovation Department , Santo Domingo , Dominican Republic
| | - Vicente Aranguiz
- Universidad de los Andes , Faculty of Dentistry , Cariology Unit, Santiago , Chile
| | - Miriam Bullen
- Panama University , Restorative Dentistry Department , Panama City , Panama
| | - Rodrigo Giacaman
- University of Talca , Faculty of Dentistry , Cariology Unit, Talca , Chile
| | - Zilson Malheiros
- Latin American Oral Health Association - LAOHA, São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Amaury Pozos-Guillén
- Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí , Faculty of Dentistry , Basic Sciences Laboratory , San Luis Potosí , México
| | - Fabio Sampaio
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB , Health Science Center , Department of Clinical and Community Dentistry , João Pessoa , PB , Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sylvia Gudiño-Fernandez
- Universidad de Costa Rica , Pediatric Dentistry Master Degree Program, San José , Costa Rica
| | - Fernando Neves Hugo
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Departamento de Odontologia Preventiva e Social , Porto Alegre , Brasil
| | | | - Lupe Salazar
- Universidad de Panamá , Facultad de Odontología , Departamento de Clínica Integrada , Panama City , Panamá
| | - Aldo Squassi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires , Facultad de Odontología , Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud Pública , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Olga Lucía Zarta
- Universidad El Bosque , Dental School ,Posgrado de Operatoria Estética y Materiales Dentales, Bogotá , Colombia
| | - Bernal Stewart
- Colgate-Palmolive Technology Center , Clinical Research, Piscataway , NJ , United States
| | - Sofía Jácome-Liévano
- Universidad El Bosque , UNICA - Caries Research Unit, Research Department , Bogotá , Colombia
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Field J, Dixon J, Davies J, Quinn B, Murphy D, Vital S, Paganelli C, Akota I, Gerber G, Roger-Leroi V, Manzanares-Cespedes MC, Tubert-Jeannin S. O-Health-Edu: A vision for oral health professional education in Europe. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2023; 27:382-387. [PMID: 35661367 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This consensus paper reports on the process of developing a renewed vision for Oral Health Professional (OHP) education across Europe, and forms part of a larger EU-funded collaborative Erasmus+ project, "O-Health-Edu." The vision aligns with the World Health Organisation milestones (2016) and resolutions (2021), and EU4Health programme (2020) objectives - and projects 20 years into the future, to 2040. This longitudinal vision takes a multi-stakeholder perspective to deliver OHP education that acts in the best interests of both students and patients, and sits within the context of a wider strategy for general health. Included, it is an infographic to help communicate the vision to various stakeholders of OHP education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Denis Murphy
- Association for Dental Education in Europe, Dublin, Ireland
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Cortés-Martinicorena FJ, Ceballos L, Martínez-Pérez E, Hernández-Juyol M, Schulte AG, Almerich-Silla JM. Spanish Curriculum in Cariology for undergraduate dental students: Proceedings and consensus. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2022; 26:317-328. [PMID: 34143927 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cariology is today a broad-based discipline and in the Spanish university teaching field, all this knowledge is not unified in a curriculum. Therefore, the aim was to develop a consensus text based on the European Core Curriculum, updated, and adapted to the characteristics of the Spanish university environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Spanish Cariology Curriculum Group (SCCG) was set up with members of the Spanish Society of Epidemiology and Oral Public Health (SESPO), Spanish Society of Conservative and Aesthetic Dentistry (SEOC) and Spanish Society of Paediatric Dentistry (SEOP) and university experts to adapt the European Core Curriculum in Cariology for undergraduate dental students (ECCC) for Spain. The work was carried out online during 2018 and 2019, and also face-to-face meetings took place to obtain a draft curriculum open for discussion that was presented to all the Spanish universities. The final modifications to the document were specified in a Consensus Conference of Spanish universities offering a Degree in Dentistry that took place in Madrid on 19 November 2019. RESULTS Thirty-eight university experts, under SCCG supervision, participated in the elaboration of the new framework document. A total of 16 universities, from 23 invited, reached a consensus as to the contents of the Spanish Curriculum in Cariology for undergraduate dental students. This new Curriculum emphasises learning outcomes, uses a consensus-based terminology pertaining to caries and other hard-tissue conditions, and introduces a new domain of competence in Domain III of ECCC. CONCLUSION This new Cariology Curriculum is the result of a very broad-based consensus of university experts in Spain and lays the foundation for the implementation of an integrated teaching of Cariology in Spain in adherence to Alliance for a Caries Free Future (ACFF) objectives.
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Escobar A, Rojas‐Gualdrón DF, Velez LF, Santos‐Pinto L. Developing diagnostic skills from preclinical dental education: Caries detection and assessment using e‐learning assisted practice. J Dent Educ 2022; 86:1382-1389. [DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Escobar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Group of Basic Dental Science (CBO) CES University Medellín Colombia
| | | | - Luis F. Velez
- Faculty of Dentistry, Group of Basic Dental Science (CBO) CES University Medellín Colombia
| | - Lourdes Santos‐Pinto
- Department of Morphology School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University – UNESP Araraquara Brazil
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Jablonski-Momeni A, Korbmacher-Steiner H, Temming A, Wernke P, Heinzel-Gutenbrunner M, Haak R, Krause F. Knowledge of undergraduate dental students regarding management of caries lesions. BDJ Open 2022; 8:9. [PMID: 35365612 PMCID: PMC8976014 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-022-00101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Understanding of lifelong control of disease processes associated with caries and its management is an essential part of dental education. This study evaluated the dental students’ knowledge of caries diagnosis and management using the International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS). Methods A survey was conducted among undergraduate dental students at two dental schools, attending the sixth (centre 1) and seventh semester (centre 2), respectively. Medical histories, clinical images and radiographs of 12 patients were compiled as anonymous cases. For each case, a specific lesion was to be assessed. In addition, the students should determine the patient’s caries risk and select a treatment option. An expert report (consensus decision) was used as the reference standard. For statistical analysis, kappa statistics and binomial tests were used. Results A total of 46 students participated in this study. The percentage of agreement of responses to the reference was: centre 1: 40.7–51.3%, centre 2: 57.9–67.9%. The corresponding Kappa values were: centre 1: 0.073–0.175, centre 2: 0.315–0.432. Overall, students tended to underestimate the codes compared to the reference standard (p < 0.001). Conclusion Introducing systematic content about caries diagnosis and management such as ICDAS and ICCMS in the learning objectives of undergraduate dental students can be proposed. However, in order to improve diagnosis and enable a more reliable choice of treatment options, attention should also be given to the way they are didactically taught.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Jablonski-Momeni
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, Dental School, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Heike Korbmacher-Steiner
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, Dental School, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexa Temming
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, Dental School, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Pia Wernke
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, Dental School, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Haak
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felix Krause
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic for Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Pitts NB, Banerjee A. New UK Chapter of the Alliance for a Cavity-Free Future. Br Dent J 2021; 231:781-786. [PMID: 34921277 PMCID: PMC8683369 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-3730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Alliance for a Cavity-Free Future (ACFF), started in 2010, has been based at King's College London since 2013. It is a dental caries-focused charity promoting integrated clinical and public health action. ACFF Chapters seek to improve caries prevention and management locally, based on best global evidence. The UK Chapter has been created in response to a continuing need combined with opportunities including the implementation of the latest UK version of the Delivering better oral health guidance on prevention (version 4). The Chapter has been formed through a coordinating committee with UKwide representation combining expertise in dental caries management across the patient life course. This committee co-created the Chapter Values Statement: 'in pursuit of a cavity-free future across the UK we value: collaboration and innovation; realistic and implementable prevention-based solutions; approaches that reduce health inequalities; action across both oral and general health settings; and working comprehensively from the population through to the individual level.' The agreed Chapter focus is on advocating for the implementation of appropriate, effective, pragmatic caries prevention and care across three themes: 1) in everyday dental practice; 2) in health and social care curricula; and 3) for vulnerable people across their life course on the basis of increased caries risk/susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel B Pitts
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King´s College London, Tower Wing, Guy´s Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Avijit Banerjee
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King´s College London, Tower Wing, Guy´s Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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Abreu-Placeres N, Grau-Grullón P, Naidu R, García-Godoy F, Newton JT, Ekstrand KR, Pitts N, Lopez Del Valle LM, Féliz-Matos L, Rivera Y, González RF, Rajendra Santosh AB, Morou-Bermudez E, Jácome-Liévano S, Martignon S. Cariology consensus for undergraduates at dental schools in the Caribbean region. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2021; 25:717-732. [PMID: 33369839 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To obtain a consensus on the domains of cariology for undergraduates in dental schools in the Caribbean. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dental school deans from the Dominican Republic (DR) and Puerto Rico (PR) were invited to participate. Afterwards, 24 cariology faculty members from the dental schools in the DR received a 40-h workshop on the current understanding of dental caries. Then, representatives from participating dental schools in the DR and PR were divided into six groups and tasked with exploring the cariology domains described in the European and Colombian consensus. For each domain, the competencies in what the dental student, upon graduation, would have to (1) be proficient in, (2) have knowledge of, (3) and be familiar with were described. Two cariology consensus meetings to work on the domains and suggest changes for the Caribbean region were done, and representatives from the DR and PR agreed on a cariology consensus. For the second stage, Caribbean English-speaking countries were invited to participate in the consensus. Meetings were held with representatives from dental schools in Trinidad and Tobago (TT) and Jamaica (J) to include their suggestions on each consensus domain. RESULTS A total of 15 dental schools (DR = 12; PR = 1; TT = 1; and J = 1) participated; they agreed on a new consensus considering the realities of the Caribbean participating countries. CONCLUSION A cariology consensus for undergraduates was achieved for 15 dental schools in the Caribbean region. This accomplishment will promote a shift for the Caribbean dental schools' graduates towards a current understanding of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninoska Abreu-Placeres
- Biomaterials and Dentistry Research Center (CIBO-UNIBE), Research and Innovation Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Patricia Grau-Grullón
- Biomaterials and Dentistry Research Center (CIBO-UNIBE), Research and Innovation Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Rahul Naidu
- School of Dentistry, The University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Franklin García-Godoy
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Forsyth Research Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathon Timothy Newton
- Psychology as Applied to Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Kim R Ekstrand
- Section of Cariology and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nigel Pitts
- Dental Innovation and Translation Hub, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Lydia M Lopez Del Valle
- Office of Assistant Dean of Research and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Puerto Rico School of Dental Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Leandro Féliz-Matos
- Biomaterials and Dentistry Research Center (CIBO-UNIBE), Research and Innovation Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Yilda Rivera
- Department of Ecological Sciences, University of Puerto Rico School of Dental Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Ramón F González
- Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Puerto Rico School of Dental Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | | | - Sofía Jácome-Liévano
- UNICA - Caries Research Unit, Research Vice-rectory, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Stefania Martignon
- UNICA - Caries Research Unit, Research Vice-rectory, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
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A Hands-On Exercise on Caries Diagnostics among Dental Students-A Qualitative Study. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9100113. [PMID: 34677175 PMCID: PMC8534712 DOI: 10.3390/dj9100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
According to current care practices, the aim is to prevent the onset of caries lesions and to stop the progression of incipient lesions. A visual lesion assessment system, International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), has been developed to promote reliability and repeatability of assessment of different stage caries lesions. The aims of this study were to evaluate the experiences of a hands-on exercise with authentic teeth as an adjunct to lecturing among third-year dental students and to evaluate the learning process during the hands-on exercise measured by qualitative (inductive content) analysis of the given feedback. In 2018, 51 third-year dental students at the University of Oulu, Finland, participated in a hands-on exercise on caries detection, where they assessed the depth and activity of lesions in extracted teeth using the ICDAS classification. After the lecture, students evaluated the exercise, giving feedback according to five given topics, three of which were analyzed using inductive content analysis. The exercise was considered useful and necessary but, overall, also challenging. The diverse activities and materials, as well as observational methods, promoted learning. The classification of lesions, the diagnostic methods, and the fact that there was not enough time to adopt things during the exercise were found to be challenging. For developing the exercise, the students suggested that more time should be scheduled for it and there should be more individual teaching. This qualitative study showed that, despite the challenge in caries diagnostics, dental students perceive the hands-on exercise as both a communal and individual learning experience.
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Pentti L, Kämppi A, Kukkola K, Mäkynen A, Kaikkonen V, Bulygin G, Molkoselkä E, Anttonen V, Tanner T. Can health kiosks be used to identify oral health care needs? A pilot study. Acta Odontol Scand 2021; 79:370-376. [PMID: 33378624 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1867765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of digital imaging for detecting restorative treatment need among individuals in their 20s by comparing the outcome of digital imaging with clinical caries findings at the patient level. MATERIAL AND METHODS Five intraoral clinical daylight and digital fluorescence images were taken extraorally of 21 patients. A clinical examination was then performed by a trained and calibrated dentist. Additionally, the patients answered a multiple-choice questionnaire about their health habits. The images were analysed and caries findings were recorded. For statistical analysis, sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results were shown as ROC curves and AUC values. All analyses were done using SPSS (version 24.0, Chicago, IL). RESULTS Caries lesions were most often detected in molars and least often in canines. When using the clinical status as gold standard, digital imaging gave an AUC value of 0.617, whereas the outcome by questionnaire gave an AUC value of 0.719. When using the combined outcome of digital imaging and the questionnaire, the AUC value was 0.694 with clinical validation. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that health kiosks may help to reduce the number of patients waiting for dental treatment; more specifically, the questionnaire with individual feedback may provide a new instrument for providing instructions for homecare online. However, the camera system must be developed further, and dentists and dental hygienists require training to analyse the images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pentti
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Kämppi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Kukkola
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anssi Mäkynen
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ville Kaikkonen
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Gleb Bulygin
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eero Molkoselkä
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vuokko Anttonen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tarja Tanner
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Sampaio FC, Bönecker M, Paiva SM, Martignon S, Ricomini Filho AP, Pozos-Guillen A, Oliveira BH, Bullen M, Naidu R, Guarnizo-Herreño C, Gomez J, Malheiros Z, Stewart B, Ryan M, Pitts N. Dental caries prevalence, prospects, and challenges for Latin America and Caribbean countries: a summary and final recommendations from a Regional Consensus. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e056. [PMID: 34076080 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries can be effectively managed and prevented from developing into cavitated lesions while preserving tooth structure at all levels. However, the strong correlation between caries and socioeconomic factors may compromise the efficacy of preventive strategies. The high prevalence of persistent inequalities in dental caries in Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACC) is a matter of concern. The estimates of the burden of disease in some countries in this region are outdated or absent. This paper aims to summarize and present the final recommendations of a regional Consensus for Dental Caries Prevalence, Prospects, and Challenges for LACC. This consensus is based on four articles that were written by a team of Latin American experts, reviewed by dental associations, and presented and discussed in two consensus events. The following domains were explored: epidemiology, risk factors, prevention strategies, and management of dental caries with a focus on restorative procedures. Dental caries can manifest throughout the lifespan of an individual, making it a matter of concern for infants, children, adults, and older people alike. The prevalence rates of untreated caries in deciduous and permanent teeth are high in many parts of the world, including LACCs. Previous evidence suggests that the prevalence of dental caries in 12-year-olds is moderate to high in most Latin American countries. Moreover, the prevalence of treatment needs and dental caries in the adult and elderly population can also be regarded as high in this region. The risk/protective factors (e.g., sugar consumption, exposure to fluoride, and oral hygiene) probably operate similarly in all LACCs, although variations in the interplay of these factors in some countries and within the same country cannot be ruled out. Although salt and water fluoridation programs are implemented in many countries, there is a need for implementation of a surveillance policy. There is also room for improvement with regard to the introduction of minimal intervention techniques in practice and public health programs. Dental caries is a marker of social disadvantage, and oral health promotion programs and interventions aimed at reducing the burden of dental caries in LACCs must consider the complexity of the socioeconomic dynamics in this region. There is an urgent need to promote engagement of stakeholders, policymakers, medical personnel, universities, dental associations, community members, and industries to develop regional plans that enhance the oral health agenda for LACCs. A list of recommendations has been presented to underpin strategies aimed at reducing the prevalence and severity of dental caries and improving the quality of life of the impacted LACC population in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Correia Sampaio
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Health Science Center, Department of Clinical and Community Dentistry, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bönecker
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Latin American Oral Health Association, LAOHA, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Stefania Martignon
- Universidad El Bosque - Unica, Caries Research Unit, Research Department, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Antonio Pedro Ricomini Filho
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Amaury Pozos-Guillen
- Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Facultad de Estomatología, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Branca Heloisa Oliveira
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ, Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Latin American Oral Health Association, LAOHA, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Miriam Bullen
- University of Panama, School of Dentistry, Panama City, Panama.,Federación Odontológica Latinoamericana - FOLA, Panama City, Panama
| | - Rahul Naidu
- The University of the West Indies, Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.,Caribbean Oral Health Initiative - COHI, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Juliana Gomez
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Colgate Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Zilson Malheiros
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Colgate Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Latin American Oral Health Association, LAOHA, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bernal Stewart
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Colgate Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Latin American Oral Health Association, LAOHA, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Ryan
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Colgate Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nigel Pitts
- King's College London, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Dental Innovation and Translation hub, London, UK
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Donovan T, Nguyen-Ngoc C, Abd Alraheam I, Irusa K. Contemporary diagnosis and management of dental erosion. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2021; 33:78-87. [PMID: 33410255 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article is aimed at providing an overview of the topic of erosive tooth wear (ETW), highlighting the clinical signs, diagnosis, and management of dental erosion. OVERVIEW With the increased prevalence of ETW, it is important that oral health professionals are able to recognize the early signs. Early clinical signs of dental erosion are characterized by loss of enamel texture, a silky glossy appearance, and sometimes a dulling of the surface gloss, referred to as the "whipped clay effect, cupping, and restorations 'standing proud'." The progression of ETW should be monitored by means of diagnostic models or clinical photographs. ETW can be as a result of acid attack of extrinsic or intrinsic origin. CONCLUSION There is an increase of ETW that is being recognized by the profession. The first step in diagnosing and management is to recognize as early as possible that the process is occurring. At that point a determination of whether the primary etiology is either intrinsic or extrinsic should be made. If these findings are confirmed, appropriate prevention, and management strategies can be adopted followed by appropriate restorative therapy. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The prevalence of ETW continues to increase. It is therefore important that oral health care providers have a better understanding of the etiology, pathophysiology, and management of this condition. This review aims to provide the guidelines for diagnosis and management of dental erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Donovan
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Caroline Nguyen-Ngoc
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Islam Abd Alraheam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Karina Irusa
- Advanced Education in Operative Dentistry and Biomaterials, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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18
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Abstract
Despite evidence strongly supporting use of non-invasive or minimally invasive procedures in caries management, there is still a large gap between evidence-based recommendations and application of these concepts in practice, with the practice of dentistry still largely dominated by invasive procedures in the US. This paper describes efforts in education and clinical practice in the US in the last decade to promote evidence-based cariology strategies, which support a minimum intervention dentistry (MID) philosophy. These include, for example: a competency-based core cariology curriculum framework which has been developed and disseminated. National education accreditation standards supporting caries management are likely to soon be changed to support assessment of best evidence in cariology. There are several ongoing efforts by organised dentistry and other groups involving dental educators, researchers and clinical practitioners to promote cariology concepts in practice, such as the development of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for caries management by the American Dental Association. Within each of these strategies there are challenges, but also opportunities to expand the implementation of MID in the US, which create optimism for future improvements over time.
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19
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Fernández CE, Chanin M, Appice GM, Culver AM, Stein A. Conceptualization of dental caries by dental students is related to their preventive oral care routine. J Dent Educ 2020; 84:1426-1437. [PMID: 32805773 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whether the understanding of dental caries influences how future dentists manage the disease themselves has not been previously studied. Thus, this study evaluated whether the conceptualization (understanding) of dental caries by dental students is related to their own preventive oral care routine. METHODS Dental students at a U.S. dental school (n = 517) were invited to voluntarily respond to an anonymous electronic survey in spring 2018. Demographic characteristics, caries conceptualization (CC), dental care habits, and self-caries risk determination were asked. Discursive responses to CC were analyzed by content analysis technique, and categories [c] were created. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used for analysis. RESULTS Overall response rate was 54.5% (n = 282, 48.2% female). Three researchers independently analyzed discursive answers and classified them into 1 of 6 caries concept categories [c]: [c1] only signs of the disease (10.3%), [c2] bacterial disease-not specifying bacterial metabolism (38.3%), [c3] bacterial byproducts-not specifying substrate (13.8%), [c4] biological or multifactorial concept (24.8%), [c5] comprehensive multifactorial disease (8.2%), or [c6] other (4.6%). Only 33% completely defined dental caries according to the modern understanding of the disease (c4-c5). Statistical differences were found between: CC and diet modification, CC and rinsing after brushing, year of school (YS) and self-determined caries-risk, YS and brushing at school, and YS and rinsing after brushing (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the students' understanding of the disease can influence how they will manage the disease in terms of diet modification and behavior after brushing. Moreover, self-caries risk determination influenced students' brushing behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza E Fernández
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Marisa Chanin
- College of Dental Medicine-Illinois (CDMI), Midwestern University, Illinois, USA
| | - Gabriella M Appice
- College of Dental Medicine-Illinois (CDMI), Midwestern University, Illinois, USA
| | - Ashley M Culver
- College of Dental Medicine-Illinois (CDMI), Midwestern University, Illinois, USA
| | - Amy Stein
- Office of Research and Sponsored Programs, Midwestern University, Arizona, USA
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20
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Tikhonova S, Jessani A, Girard F, Macdonald ME, De Souza G, Tam L, Eggert F, Nguyen‐Ngoc C, Morin N, Aggarwal N, Schroth RJ. The Canadian Core Cariology Curriculum: Outcomes of a national symposium. J Dent Educ 2020; 84:1245-1253. [DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas Jessani
- College of Dentistry University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
| | - Felix Girard
- Faculty of Dentistry Université de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Grace De Souza
- Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Laura Tam
- Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | | | | | - Nathalie Morin
- Faculty of Dentistry McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Neha Aggarwal
- Faculty of Dentistry McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Robert J. Schroth
- Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
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21
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Le Clerc J, Gasqui MA, Laforest L, Beaurain M, Ceinos R, Chemla F, Chevalier V, Colon P, Fioretti F, Gevrey A, Kérourédan O, Maret D, Mocquot C, Özcan C, Pelissier B, Pérez F, Terrer E, Turpin YL, Arbab-Chirani R, Seux D, Doméjean S. Knowledge and opinions of French dental students related to caries risk assessment and dental sealants (preventive and therapeutic). Odontology 2020; 109:41-52. [PMID: 32472405 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A national questionnaire study was performed to document knowledge and opinions of French dental students (FDSs) about minimal intervention (MI) in dentistry especially caries risk assessment (CRA) and dental sealants (DSs). MATERIALS AND METHODS A questionnaire was administered to the fifth-year dental FDSs (n = 1370) from the 16 French dental schools. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS The response rate was 84.5%. A large majority of respondents (87.8%) linked MI with minimally invasive dentistry and 77.4% considered MI as a concept based on prevention. About 80% stated they use CRA in clinical practice, mostly without any specific form. If 80.4% of the respondents would base their treatment plans on CRA, only 55.1% would regularly plan preventive regimens according to individual risk level. However, while 96.6% declared they perform preventive DSs, only 44.3% considered therapeutic sealants as a routine treatment. Although 75.1% of FDSs stated that they had sufficient learning and training related to CRA, 55.9% thought that they need further education about preventive and therapeutic DSs. CONCLUSION Although FDSs seem to be aware of the importance of CRA and preventive strategies, this study shows the need to harmonize the teaching in cariology according to the latest European recommendations. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A national questionnaire study showed variability towards knowledge and opinions of FDSs related to MI in cariology. This may impact care provisions in their future professional life showing the urgent need to harmonize the teaching of MI in cariology in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Le Clerc
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes (pôle Odontologie), CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Gasqui
- UFR d'Odontologie, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Romain Ceinos
- Université Côte d'Azur, UFR d'Odontologie, Nice, France.,Hôpital St Roch, Pôle Odontologie, CHU, Nice, France.,UMR 7268, Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit Éthique et Santé (ADES), Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Chemla
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire - Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Service de médecine Buccodentaire de l'hôpital Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Chevalier
- UFR d'Odontologie, UBO, Brest, France.,CHRU de Brest, Brest, France.,Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lome, UMR CNRS 6027, Brest, France
| | - Pierre Colon
- Université de Paris, Faculté Dentaire, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Florence Fioretti
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires des Hôpitaux Universitaires, UMR INSERM 1260, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Olivia Kérourédan
- Université de Bordeaux, UFR des Sciences Odontologiques, Bordeaux, France.,Service de Médecine Bucco-dentaire, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, U1026, Bordeaux, France
| | - Delphine Maret
- UFR d'Odontologie, CHU, Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Mocquot
- Université de Paris, Faculté Dentaire, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Canan Özcan
- UFR d'Odontologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | - Fabienne Pérez
- UFR d'Odontologie, CHU, Univ Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN, Nantes, France
| | - Elodie Terrer
- UFR d'Odontologie, Aix-Marseille Univ., IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Reza Arbab-Chirani
- UFR d'Odontologie, UBO, Brest, France.,CHRU de Brest, Brest, France.,LaTIM UMR 1101 INSREM, Brest, France
| | - Dominique Seux
- UFR d'Odontologie, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Doméjean
- UFR d'Odontologie, Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique EA 4847, Univ Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,Service d'Odontologie, CHU Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Lara JS, Braga MM, Zagatto CG, Wen CL, Mendes FM, Murisi PU, Haddad AE. A Virtual 3D Dynamic Model of Caries Lesion Progression as a Learning Object for Caries Detection Training and Teaching: Video Development Study. JMIR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 6:e14140. [PMID: 32441661 PMCID: PMC7275258 DOI: 10.2196/14140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last decade, 3D virtual models have been used for educational purposes in the health sciences, specifically for teaching human anatomy and pathology. These models provide an opportunity to didactically visualize key spatial relations that can be poorly understood when taught by traditional educational approaches. Caries lesion detection is a crucial process in dentistry that has been reported to be difficult to learn. One especially difficult aspect is linking clinical characteristics of the different severity stages with their histological features, which is fundamental for treatment decision-making. OBJECTIVE This project was designed to develop a virtual 3D digital model of caries lesion formation and progression to aid the detection of lesions at different severity stages as a potential complement to traditional lectures. METHODS Pedagogical planning, including identification of objectives, exploration of the degree of difficulty of caries diagnosis-associated topics perceived by dental students and lecturers, review of the literature regarding key concepts, and consultation of experts, was performed prior to constructing the model. An educational script strategy was created based on the topics to be addressed (dental tissues, biofilm stagnation areas, the demineralization process, caries lesion progression on occlusal surfaces, clinical characteristics related to different stages of caries progression, and histological correlations). Virtual 3D models were developed using the Virtual Man Project and refined using multiple 3D software applications. In the next phase, computer graphic modelling and previsualization were executed. After that, the video was revised and edited based on suggestions. Finally, explanatory subtitles were generated, the models were textured and rendered, and voiceovers in 3 languages were implemented. RESULTS We developed a 6-minute virtual 3D dynamic video in 3 languages (English, Spanish, and Brazilian Portuguese) intended for dentists and dental students to support teaching and learning of caries lesion detection. The videos were made available on YouTube; to date, they have received more than 100,000 views. CONCLUSIONS Complementary pedagogical tools are valuable to support cariology education. This tool will be further tested in terms of utility and usability as well as user satisfaction in achieving the proposed objectives in specific contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sebastian Lara
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Mariana Minatel Braga
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Gustavo Zagatto
- Discipline of Telemedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chao Lung Wen
- Discipline of Telemedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fausto Medeiros Mendes
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedroza Uribe Murisi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ana Estela Haddad
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Okeigbemen SA, Ibiyemi O. Prevention of Dental Caries in Nigeria: A Narrative Review of Strategies and Recommendations from 1999 to 2019. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020; 10:240-245. [PMID: 32802768 PMCID: PMC7402250 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_423_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This narrative review aimed to show the approaches recommended for the prevention of dental caries in Nigeria by epidemiological surveys (P), primary preventive methods and strategies,( I) comparison preferred by experts (C) in the prevention of dental caries (O). METHODS An electronic literature search of some databases such as Pubmed, Pubmed Central, Google Scholar, African Journal Online (AJOL) and Medline was conducted using these keywords delimited by Boolean operators AND, OR and NOT: "dental caries" "prevention" "Nigeria. Epidemiological studies using WHO criteria published in English between 1999 and 2019 were included in this study. RESULTS All studies that met the inclusion criteria were epidemiological cross-sectional studies, non-clinic -based. The approaches recommended include need for continuous caries surveillance, preventive and restorative programmes, primary prevention, use fluorides, oral health education and atraumatic restorative treatment. CONCLUSIONS The recommended approaches should include continuous caries monitoring, comprehensive preventive and restorative programmes, primary prevention, use fluorides, oral health education and atraumatic restorative treatments in public schools and primary health care (PHC) centres. It is necessary to augment these approaches with undergraduate cariology curriculum review of dental schools, public-private partnership and oral health policy implementation with emphasis on prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny A Okeigbemen
- Community Dentistry Unit, Department of Preventive Dentistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo
| | - Olushola Ibiyemi
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Dental Caries Preventive Considerations: Awareness of Undergraduate Dental Students. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:dj8020031. [PMID: 32244840 PMCID: PMC7345073 DOI: 10.3390/dj8020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess awareness and knowledge of undergraduate dental students of common caries-related preventive considerations and to highlight these factors in a concise manner to act as a guide for dental practitioners. A sample of 118 undergraduate students at a local government dental school was included. An interactive survey that contains questions related to common preventive strategies against dental caries was presented to the students. The survey contained 22 questions concerning dietary and therapeutic strategies. Students casted their votes using their mobile cellphones. The correct answer for each question was shown to the students, and further discussion was held. Data was collected, and the statistical analysis was conducted using one-sample z- and chi-squared tests at 0.05 significance level. The students answered the questions related to oral hygiene practices, xylitol, and the common knowledge regarding fluoride. The questions related to the use of chlorhexidine, dietary factors, and fluoride formulations were answered mostly incorrectly. The students seemed to grasp details of important concepts of flossing, brushing, reducing frequency of sugar exposure, and the use of fluoride products. Still, more emphasis should be given to increase students’ awareness of dietary guidelines for caries prevention, since adequate knowledge of these modalities is paramount for graduating dentists.
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Ullah R, Adnan S, Afzal AS. Top-Cited Articles from Dental Education Journals, 2009 to 2018: A Bibliometric Analysis. J Dent Educ 2019; 83:1382-1391. [PMID: 31501253 DOI: 10.21815/jde.019.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The number of citations an article receives is an important indicator to quantify its influence in its field. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the characteristics of the 50 top-cited articles addressing dental education published in two journals dedicated to dental education (European Journal of Dental Education and Journal of Dental Education). The Web of Science database was searched to retrieve the 50 most-cited articles from the two journals in December 2018. The top-cited articles were analyzed for journal of publication, number of citations, institution and country of origin, year of publication, study type, keywords, theme and subtheme, and international collaborations. The results showed the 50 top-cited articles were cited between 24 and 146 times each. The majority of these top-cited articles (n=34) were published in the Journal of Dental Education Half (n=25) of the articles were by authors in the U.S. The most common study types were surveys (n=26) and reviews (n=10). The main themes of these top-cited articles were curriculum and learner characteristics. This bibliometric analysis can serve as a reference for recognizing studies with the most impact in the scholarship of dental education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ullah
- Rizwan Ullah, BDS, MSc, is Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Biology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan; Samira Adnan, BDS, FCPS, is Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan; and Azam S. Afzal, MBBS, MHPE, is Senior Instructor, Department for Educational Development, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Samira Adnan
- Rizwan Ullah, BDS, MSc, is Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Biology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan; Samira Adnan, BDS, FCPS, is Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan; and Azam S. Afzal, MBBS, MHPE, is Senior Instructor, Department for Educational Development, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Azam S Afzal
- Rizwan Ullah, BDS, MSc, is Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Biology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan; Samira Adnan, BDS, FCPS, is Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan; and Azam S. Afzal, MBBS, MHPE, is Senior Instructor, Department for Educational Development, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Signori C, de Oliveira EF, Mendes FM, Braga MM, Opdam NJM, Cenci MS. Impact of a diagnostic workshop on undergraduate teaching-learning process for the diagnosis and management of tooth restorations-A randomised controlled study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2019; 23:304-315. [PMID: 30729631 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a diagnostic workshop on undergraduate teaching-learning process for the diagnosis and management of tooth restorations. METHODS The first stage of the study was a randomised controlled study with two parallel groups: lecture (L) and lecture coupled with a diagnostic workshop (LW). A pool of cases of tooth restorations including secondary caries and marginal defects was used for training. Theoretical knowledge, perception about the activity and practical abilities were evaluated. The second stage of the study assessed students' theoretical knowledge retention six months following intervention. All students included in the first stage of the study were exposed to LW. Hence, a new control group of students not exposed to LW was selected. One-way analysis of variance, Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test and multilevel regression analysis were used as part of statistical analysis. RESULTS The LW group had greater scores for the assignment of lesion severity and activity, presence of marginal defect and treatment indication than the L group (P < 0.05). Multilevel regression analysis showed a positive impact of the workshop diagnosis in the correct assessment of lesion activity (P = 0.03). There was no statistical difference between the LW and L groups in students' perception of the activity. The LW group showed greater knowledge retention after six months than the L group (P = 0.027). CONCLUSION Lecture coupled with diagnostic workshop improved students' practical skills of diagnosis restorations and knowledge retention in the six months following intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cácia Signori
- Federal University of Pelotas, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Fausto M Mendes
- University of São Paulo, Graduate Program in Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Braga
- University of São Paulo, Graduate Program in Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niek J M Opdam
- College of Dental Sciences, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maximiliano S Cenci
- Federal University of Pelotas, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pelotas, Brazil
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Tinanoff N, Baez RJ, Diaz Guillory C, Donly KJ, Feldens CA, McGrath C, Phantumvanit P, Pitts NB, Seow WK, Sharkov N, Songpaisan Y, Twetman S. Early childhood caries epidemiology, aetiology, risk assessment, societal burden, management, education, and policy: Global perspective. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019; 29:238-248. [PMID: 31099128 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper is a summary of the proceedings of the International Association of Paediatric Dentistry Bangkok Conference on early childhood caries (ECC) held in 3-4 November 2018. AIM The paper aims to convey a global perspective of ECC definitions, aetiology, risk factors, societal costs, management, educational curriculum, and policy. DESIGN This global perspective on ECC is the compilation of the state of science, current concepts, and literature regarding ECC from worldwide experts on ECC. RESULTS Early childhood caries is related to frequent sugar consumption in an environment of enamel adherent, acid-producing bacteria in a complex biofilm, as well as developmental defects of enamel. The seriousness, societal costs, and impact on quality of life of dental caries in pre-school children are enormous. Worldwide data show that ECC continues to be highly prevalent, yet infrequently treated. Approaches to reduce the prevalence include interventions that start in the first year of a child's life, evidence-based and risk-based management, and reimbursement systems that foster preventive care. CONCLUSIONS This global perspective on ECC epidemiology, aetiology, risk assessment, global impact, and management is aimed to foster improved worldwide understanding and management of ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Tinanoff
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland, School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ramon J Baez
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Carolina Diaz Guillory
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Kevin J Donly
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Carlos Alberto Feldens
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Lutheran University of Brazil, School of Dentistry, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Colman McGrath
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Nigel B Pitts
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Dental Innovation and Impact, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - W Kim Seow
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nikolai Sharkov
- Department of Paediatric Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yupin Songpaisan
- Department of Family and Community Oral Health, Institute of Dentistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Svante Twetman
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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Abstract
This article aims to outline the early development of a King's College London dental spinout company, Reminova, formed to commercialize a novel clinical method of caries remineralization: electrically accelerated and enhanced remineralization (EAER). This method is being developed to address the unmet clinical need identified by modern caries management strategies to keep enamel "whole" through remineralization of clinical caries as a form of nonoperative caries treatment for initial-stage and moderate lesions. A progressive movement within dentistry is shifting away from the restorative-only model, which, it is suggested, has failed. The high prevalence of initial-stage caries across populations provides a significant opportunity to prevent restorations and reduce repeat restorations over a patient's lifetime. Reminova has set out to provide a method to repair lesions without drilling, filling, pain, or injections. The article outlines the rationale for and the chronological stages of the technology and company development. It then outlines corroborative evidence to show that EAER treatment can, in this preliminary in vitro investigation, remineralize clinically significant caries throughout the depth of the lesion as measured by Knoop microhardness and corroborated by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the presented data show that EAER-treated enamel is harder than the healthy enamel measured nearby in each sample and is very similar in appearance to healthy enamel from the subjective interpretation made possible by scanning electron microscopy imagery. The data presented also show that this more "complete" remineralization to a high hardness level has been achieved with 2 remineralizing agents via in vitro human tooth samples. The broad clinical potential of this new treatment methodology seems to be very encouraging from these results. Reminova will strive to continue its mission, to ensure that, in the future, dental teams will not need to drill holes for the treatment of initial-stage and moderate caries lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Pitts
- 1 Dental Innovation and Translation Centre, King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK.,2 Reminova Ltd., Inveralmond Business Centre, Perth, UK
| | - J P Wright
- 2 Reminova Ltd., Inveralmond Business Centre, Perth, UK
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29
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Ngoc CN, Donovan TE. Education About Dental Erosion in U.S. and Canadian Dental Schools. J Dent Educ 2018; 82:1296-1304. [DOI: 10.21815/jde.018.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Nguyen Ngoc
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire; Université de Montréal
| | - Terry E. Donovan
- Department of Operative Dentistry; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Dentistry
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30
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Winning T, Malhotra N, Masters RSW. Investigating an errorless learning approach for developing dental operative technique skills: A pilot study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2018; 22:e706-e714. [PMID: 30043548 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Explicit instruction (conscious knowledge/rules) is generally used for learning dental operative skills; however, recent work has demonstrated advantages of learning skills implicitly with minimal accrual of conscious knowledge and reduced attentional demands. Therefore, this study examined the effects of learning handpiece manipulation skills explicitly (errorful) and implicitly (errorless: limited error detection/correction) under conditions of increased attentional demands (ie multitasking and additional instructions). MATERIALS AND METHODS Non-dental university students were randomly assigned to errorless (n = 11) or errorful (n = 8) groups. They used pencil lead instead of a bur, with errorless learners shading shapes from simple (small circle) to complex (cross), while errorful learners shaded the shapes in reverse. During testing, they completed simulated cavities in baseline, additional instructions and multitask conditions. Learning performance was calculated as per cent of the shape shaded successfully. Test performance was computed as error in cavity length/depth and was compared with dental students who had completed their operative technique course (n = 14). RESULTS Errorless learners were more accurate than errorful learners especially when shading difficult shapes (P = 0.042). With additional instructions, errorless and errorful learners did not differ in cavity depth (P = 0.057) or length (P = 0.540). When multitasking, errorless learners prepared the cavity length (P = 0.048) but not depth (P = 0.920) more accurately than errorful learners. Overall, performance of errorless learners was comparable to dental students. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings suggest handpiece skills can be acquired implicitly via errorless learning, and it is less attentionally demanding than errorful learning, as evident by maintenance of preparation performance when processing additional relevant instructions and multitasking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Winning
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Neha Malhotra
- School of Psychology, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Rich S W Masters
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Te Oranga School of Human Development and Movement Studies, University Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Fontana M, Gonzalez-Cabezas C. Evidence-Based Dentistry Caries Risk Assessment and Disease Management. Dent Clin North Am 2018; 63:119-128. [PMID: 30447787 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this article was to provide a summary of evidence-based recommendations for the assessment of caries risk and management of dental caries. The goal is to help clinicians manage the caries disease process using personalized interventions supported by the best available evidence, taking into account the clinician's expertise and the patient's needs and preferences, to maintain health and preserve tooth structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Fontana
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Carlos Gonzalez-Cabezas
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Kérourédan O, Smirani R, Oriez D, Péli JF, Seux D, Quinton A, Devillard R. Self-perceived educational needs of junior assistant professors in Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics in France. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2018; 22:e514-e521. [PMID: 29498152 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Academic dental educators play a major role in training future dentists. They help students to develop medical knowledge and behavioural skills that improve the quality and rigor of their future practice. Therefore, their experience and knowledge are critical to ensure effective learning. However, a French national workshop revealed that most junior assistant professors lack educational skills at the beginning of their career. The aim of this study was to assess educational training needs of junior assistant professors in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic survey was sent to junior assistant professors belonging to Departments of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics within the 16 French dental schools in 2016. This survey was designed to collect data regarding their motivations, teaching expertise and interest in pedagogy. RESULTS Sixty of the 69 junior educators turned in their answers, which represents a response rate of 87%. About 86.7% of respondents cited their attraction to teaching as one of the main reasons behind their application. The major difficulty encountered by junior faculty was related to course preparation. Only 15% had received educational training despite the fact that 98.3% were convinced of the usefulness of such a training for junior teachers. CONCLUSION This study identified the motivations and difficulties encountered by junior assistant professors. This collection of educational needs should be considered when planning a national programme for educational training of dental faculty that will promote the acquisition of teaching skills and improve the education of dental students.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kérourédan
- Faculty of Odontology, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - R Smirani
- Faculty of Odontology, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - D Oriez
- Faculty of Odontology, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - J F Péli
- Faculty of Odontology, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - D Seux
- Faculty of Odontology, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - A Quinton
- Center for Applied Research in Education, CRAME, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - R Devillard
- Faculty of Odontology, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
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Crespo-Gallardo I, Hay-Levytska O, Martín-González J, Jiménez-Sánchez MC, Sánchez-Domínguez B, Segura-Egea JJ. Criteria and treatment decisions in the management of deep caries lesions: Is there endodontic overtreatment? J Clin Exp Dent 2018; 10:e751-e760. [PMID: 30305872 PMCID: PMC6174009 DOI: 10.4317/jced.55050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic criteria and treatment decisions in the management of deep caries lesions (DCLs). The null hypothesis tested was that DCLs are managed according to the current scientific evidence. Material and Methods A total of 288 dentists were contacted directly or by mail, and 125 (43%) were included in the study. Dentists were requested to answer a questionnaire about the routine approach to the diagnosis and treatment of DCLs. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to calculate odds ratios (OR). Results Pulp sensitivity tests were used by 65% of dentists when assessing pulpal health in cases of DCLs, particularly those who had followed courses in cariology (OR = 3.8; p = 0.005). Dentine hardness was the most frequent criterion used during DCLs excavation (98%). Two thirds of the respondents (65%) removed carious tissue until they felt hard dentine, and feeling hard dentine correlated with caries removal even at the risk of pulpal exposure (OR = 15.8; p = 0.0000). Acute transient pain or sensitivity to cold or heat (reversible pulpitis) were considered by 58% of respondents as a reason to provide endodontic therapy. Conclusions The null hypothesis tested is rejected. The evidence-based more conservative approach on the management of DCLs is not being translated to clinical dentistry. Root canal treatment is being indicated in cases of DCLs in which the diagnosis is reversible pulpitis. Likewise, it can be concluded that non-conservative management of DCLs, with endodontic overtreatment, could be occurring. Key words:Deep caries lesions, dental pulp capping, dental pulp health, dentists, endodontic therapy, pulpal diagnosis, reversible pulpitis, treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Crespo-Gallardo
- DDS, Department of Stomatology - Endodontic Section, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, C/ Avicena S/N, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Olesia Hay-Levytska
- DDS, Department of Stomatology - Endodontic Section, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, C/ Avicena S/N, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jenifer Martín-González
- DDS, PhD, Department of Stomatology - Endodontic Section, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, C/ Avicena S/N, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mari-Carmen Jiménez-Sánchez
- DDS, MSc, Department of Stomatology - Endodontic Section, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, C/ Avicena S/N, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Benito Sánchez-Domínguez
- DDS, PhD, Department of Stomatology - Endodontic Section, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, C/ Avicena S/N, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan J Segura-Egea
- MD, DDS, PhD, Department of Stomatology - Endodontic Section, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, C/ Avicena S/N, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
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Raphael SL, Foster Page LA, Hopcraft MS, Dennison PJ, Widmer RP, Evans RW. A survey of cariology teaching in Australia and New Zealand. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2018; 18:75. [PMID: 29631580 PMCID: PMC5892021 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Australian and New Zealand chapter of the Alliance for a Cavity Free Future was launched in 2013 and one of its primary aims was to conduct a survey of the local learning and teaching of cariology in dentistry and oral health therapy programs. METHODS A questionnaire was developed using the framework of the European Organisation for Caries Research (ORCA)/Association of Dental Education in Europe (ADEE) cariology survey conducted in Europe in 2009. The questionnaire was comprised of multiple choice and open-ended questions exploring many aspects of the cariology teaching. The survey was distributed to the cariology curriculum coordinator of each of the 21 programs across Australia and New Zealand via Survey Monkey in January 2015. Simple analysis of results was carried out with frequencies and average numbers of hours collated and open-ended responses collected and compiled into tables. RESULTS Seventeen responses from a total of 21 programs had been received including 7 Dentistry and 10 Oral Health programs. Key findings from the survey were - one quarter of respondents indicated that cariology was identified as a specific discipline with their course and 41% had a cariology curriculum in written format. With regard to lesion detection and caries diagnosis, all of the program coordinators who responded indicated that visual/tactile methods and radiographic interpretation were recommended with ICDAS also being used by over half them. Despite all respondents teaching early caries lesion management centred on prevention and remineralisation, many taught operative intervention at an earlier stage of lesion depth than current evidence supports. Findings showed over 40% of respondents still teach operative intervention for lesions confined to enamel. CONCLUSION Despite modern theoretical concepts of cariology being taught in Australia and New Zealand, they do not appear to be fully translated into clinical teaching at the present time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Raphael
- Department of Population Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Richard P. Widmer
- Department of Dentistry, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - R. Wendell Evans
- Department of Population Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
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Pitts NB, Mazevet ME, Mayne C. Shaping the future of dental education: Caries as a case-study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2018; 22 Suppl 1:30-37. [PMID: 29601679 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on the full-day workshop "The Shape of The Future of Dental Education for Dental Caries-and how we get there" held immediately prior to the May 2017 ADEE/ADEA/King's College London meeting "Shaping the Future of Dental Education." A standardised, evidence-led Core Curriculum in Cariology (CCC) was developed jointly and systematically by ORCA and ADEE, starting in 2010. At the same time, the ICDAS Foundation was developing a comprehensive caries management system, ICCMS™. The workshop reported on what has been achieved on a global basis by many building on these initiatives. The CCC has been, or is currently being, localised in a number of places around the world and has, in some countries, been successfully implemented. There are also other areas which are struggling more with the logistics of introducing it. The workshop presented geographical perspectives and experiences on implementing the CCC from Colombia, the United States and Europe, as well as professional perspectives from hygienists, students and policymakers. The workshop then considered the future of the CCC and the roles of Interprofessional Education, Technology, Global Networking and Assessment in a Global Context in 4 breakout groups. Having had reports back and plenary discussion, it was concluded that the caries world has made good progress towards a "futuristic" curriculum with parallel development of a comprehensive, preventive and tooth-preserving caries management system-ICCMS™. The implementation challenge is now to share even more effectively in order to have these developments more widely accepted and adopted worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Pitts
- Dental Innovation and Translation Centre (DITC), Kings College London Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - M E Mazevet
- Dental Innovation and Translation centre (DITC), Kings College London Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - C Mayne
- The Alliance for a Cavity-Free Future, King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK
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Pitts NB. The shape of the future of dental education for dental caries- and how we get there: Introduction to the ACFF Caries Workshop. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2018; 22 Suppl 1:28-29. [PMID: 29601681 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N B Pitts
- Dental Innovation and Translation Centre (DITC), Kings College London Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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Tikhonova S, Girard F, Fontana M. Cariology Education in Canadian Dental Schools: Where Are We? Where Do We Need to Go? J Dent Educ 2018; 82:39-46. [PMID: 29292324 DOI: 10.21815/jde.018.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to document cariology education across Canadian dental schools. Ten faculty members who supervise cariology education at each of the ten Canadian dental schools were invited to participate in the study in 2016. An adapted version of the European Organization for Caries Research-Association for Dental Education in Europe cariology curriculum group questionnaire was used. Representatives of all ten dental schools completed the questionnaire, for a 100% response rate. In four schools, cariology and restorative dentistry were taught by the same department. Five schools had didactic/laboratory courses focusing primarily on cariology as well as a specific written curriculum. Six schools provided cariology-related hands-on workshops/laboratories before students started working with patients. In teaching cariology, seven institutions included dental hard tissues defects. The following caries detection methods were addressed didactically in cariology education: visual (10/10 total schools), tactile (9/10), International Caries Detection and Assessment System criteria (6/10), caries activity assessment (9/10), radiographic (10/10), and other detection tools (8/10). Seven schools charted activity of carious lesions in clinic. Only one school used the concept of caries risk assessment regularly in clinic. Clinical cariology teaching was carried out mostly by private dentists hired as clinical instructors (7/10) and faculty members involved in didactic cariology education (9/10). Calibration of faculty members for caries detection criteria was reported by only one school. The main concern reported by all institutions was the difficulty of implementing didactic instruction on cariology into clinical training. This study found that contemporary cariology concepts are in the process of being implemented in didactic education across Canadian dental schools, but all schools lacked appropriate integration of cariology education into clinical training. These findings suggest a need for harmonization of evidence-based cariology education in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Tikhonova
- Dr. Tikhonova is Faculty Lecturer, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University; Dr. Girard is Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal; Dr. Fontana is Professor of Cariology, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan.
| | - Félix Girard
- Dr. Tikhonova is Faculty Lecturer, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University; Dr. Girard is Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal; Dr. Fontana is Professor of Cariology, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan
| | - Margherita Fontana
- Dr. Tikhonova is Faculty Lecturer, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University; Dr. Girard is Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal; Dr. Fontana is Professor of Cariology, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan
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Field JC, Cowpe JG, Walmsley AD. The Graduating European Dentist: A New Undergraduate Curriculum Framework. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2017; 21 Suppl 1:2-10. [PMID: 29205782 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
With "The Graduating European Dentist", ADEE provides a new approach that reflects best academic practice for European undergraduate dental education. The new suite of documents sees increased emphasis on important curriculum components such as patient safety, working as a team and patient-centred care. There is also an increased emphasis on teaching excellence, student satisfaction and student preparedness and support. Guidance relating to methods of teaching and learning, and assessment (educational measurement), is also provided. It is anticipated that this new format will further increase accessibility and utility for educators, institutions, societies and regulators, across the sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Field
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Innes NPT, Schwendicke F. Restorative Thresholds for Carious Lesions: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Dent Res 2017; 96:501-508. [PMID: 28195749 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517693605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence supports noninvasive/nonrestorative treatment of "early" carious lesions: those confined to enamel or reaching the enamel-dentin junction. The extent that dentists' thresholds for intervening restoratively have changed with this evidence is unknown. This systematic review aimed to determine dentists' and therapists' current lesion threshold for carrying our restorative interventions in adults/children and primary/permanent teeth. Embase, Medline via PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for observational studies, without language, time, or quality restrictions. Screening and data extraction were independent and in duplicate. Random-effects meta-analyses with subgroup and meta-regression analysis were performed. Thirty studies, mainly involving dentists, met the inclusion criteria. There was heterogeneity in sampling frames, methods, and scales used to investigate thresholds. The studies spanned 30 y (1983-2014), and sample representativeness and response bias issues were likely to have affected the results. Studies measured what dentists said they would do rather than actually did. Studies represented 17 countries, focusing mainly on adults ( n = 17) and permanent teeth ( n = 24). For proximal carious lesions confined to enamel (not reaching the enamel-dentin junction), 21% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15%-28%) of dentists/therapists would intervene invasively. The likelihood of a restorative intervention almost doubled (risk ratio, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.68-2.33) in high caries risk patients. For proximal lesions extending up to the enamel-dentin junction, 48% (95% CI, 40%-56%) of dentists/therapists would intervene restoratively. For occlusal lesions with enamel discoloration/cavitation but no clinical/radiographic dentin involvement, 12% (95% CI, 6%-22%) of dentists/therapists stated they would intervene, increasing to 74% (95% CI, 56%-86%) with dentin involvement. There was variance between countries but no significant temporal trend. A significant proportion of dentists/therapists said they would intervene invasively (restoratively) on carious lesions where evidence and clinical recommendations indicate less invasive therapies should be used. There is great need to understand decisions to intervene restoratively and to find implementation interventions that translate research evidence into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P T Innes
- 1 Paediatric Dentistry, Dundee Dental Hospital and School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - F Schwendicke
- 2 Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Managing caries: the need to close the gap between the evidence base and current practice. Br Dent J 2017; 219:433-8. [PMID: 26564354 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Underpinned by a changing knowledge of the aetiology of caries and its sequelae, and assisted by established and advancing dental materials, there is growing evidence supporting less invasive management of dental caries based on the principles of minimal intervention dentistry. This narrative review assesses both the evidence and the adoption of less invasive caries management strategies and describes ways in which the gap between evidence and practice might be overcome. While there is increasing data supporting less invasive management of carious lesions, these are not standard in most dental practices worldwide. Usually, clinical studies focused on efficacy as outcome, and did not take into consideration the views and priorities of other stakeholders, such as primary care dentists, educators, patients and those financing services. Involving these stakeholders into study design and demonstrating the broader advantages of new management strategies might improve translation of research into practice. In theory, clinical dentists can rely on a growing evidence in cariology regarding less invasive management options. In practice, further factors seem to impede adoption of these strategies. Future research should address these factors by involving major stakeholders and investigating their prioritised outcomes to narrow or close the evidence gap.
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Fontana M, González-Cabezas C. Noninvasive Caries Risk-based Management in Private Practice Settings May Lead to Reduced Caries Experience Over Time. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2016; 16:239-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Schwendicke F, Göstemeyer G. Understanding dentists' management of deep carious lesions in permanent teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Implement Sci 2016; 11:142. [PMID: 27760551 PMCID: PMC5069935 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-016-0505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence supports selective/incomplete (SE) or stepwise (SW) instead of non-selective/complete tissue removal for deep carious lesions in vital teeth, mainly as pulpal risks are significantly reduced. Our aims were to analyze the proportion of dentists who utilize SE/SW for deep lesions in permanent teeth and to identify barriers and facilitators of utilizing SE/SW. Methods We included studies that were original, and reported on the proportion of dentists utilizing SE/SW (quantitative studies), or reported on barriers or facilitators of such utilization (qualitative studies). Electronic databases (PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase, PsycINFO) were searched and screening and data extraction performed by two reviewers. Random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression were used for quantitative synthesis of the proportion of dentists utilizing SE/SW. Thematic analysis was performed to assess barriers and facilitators on SE/SW utilization. Identified themes were translated into the constructs of the theoretical domains framework. Results From 1728 articles, nine studies were included, all using quantitative methods. Four thousand one hundred ninety-nine dentists had been surveyed. The mean (95% CI) proportion of dentists using SE/SW for deep lesions was 53 % (44/62 %). More recent studies reported significantly higher proportions (p < 0.05). Reported estimates and thematic analysis found dentists’ age and an understanding of the disease caries and the scientific rationale behind different removal strategies to affect dentists’ behavior. Guidelines, peers, and the social and professional identity were further associated with the motivation of utilizing SE/SW. Environmental incentives, sanctions, or restrictions, mainly of financial but also regulatory character, impacted on decision-making, as did the specific indication (the patient, the tooth) and the beliefs on how well different treatments perform. Conclusions Around half of all dentists rejected evidence-based carious tissue removal strategies. A range of factors can be addressed for improving implementation. Future studies should use mixed qualitative-quantitative methods to yield a deeper understanding of dentists’ decision-making. Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42016038047 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13012-016-0505-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Schwendicke
- Department for Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité Centre for Dental Medicine, Aßmannshauser Str 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Gerd Göstemeyer
- Department for Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité Centre for Dental Medicine, Aßmannshauser Str 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
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Fontana M, Guzmán-Armstrong S, Schenkel AB, Allen KL, Featherstone J, Goolsby S, Kanjirath P, Kolker J, Martignon S, Pitts N, Schulte A, Slayton RL, Young D, Wolff M. Development of a Core Curriculum Framework in Cariology for U.S. Dental Schools. J Dent Educ 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/j.0022-0337.2016.80.6.tb06133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Susie Goolsby
- School of Dentistry; Virginia Commonwealth University
| | | | - Justine Kolker
- College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics; University of Iowa
| | | | | | - Andreas Schulte
- Department for Special Care Dentistry; Dental School; University of Witten/Herdecke; Witten Germany
| | | | - Douglas Young
- Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry; University of the Pacific
| | - Mark Wolff
- College of Dentistry; New York University
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Rigo L, Lodi L, Garbin RR. Differential diagnosis of dental fluorosis made by undergraduate dental students. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2016; 13:547-54. [PMID: 26761552 PMCID: PMC4878629 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082015ao3472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To check knowledge of undergraduate dental students to make diagnosis of dental fluorosis with varying degrees of severity and choose its appropriate treatment. METHODS Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire addressing knowledge of undergraduates based on ten images of mouths presenting enamel changes. RESULTS Only three images were correctly diagnosed by most undergraduates; the major difficulty was in establishing dental fluorosis severity degree. CONCLUSION Despite much information about fluorosis conveyed during the Dentistry training, as defined in the course syllabus, a significant part of the students was not able to differentiate it from other lesions; they did not demonstrate expertise as to defining severity of fluorosis and indications for treatment, and could not make the correct diagnosis of enamel surface changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Rigo
- Faculdade Meridional, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Leodinei Lodi
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil
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El-Damanhoury HM, Fakhruddin KS, Awad MA. Effectiveness of teaching International Caries Detection and Assessment System II and its e-learning program to freshman dental students on occlusal caries detection. Eur J Dent 2014; 8:493-497. [PMID: 25512730 PMCID: PMC4253105 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.143631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the feasibility of teaching International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) II and its e-learning program as tools for occlusal caries detection to freshmen dental students in comparison to dental graduates with 2 years of experience. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four freshmen and 32 dental graduates examined occlusal surfaces of molars/premolars (n = 72) after a lecture and a hands-on workshop. The same procedure was repeated after 1 month following the training with ICDAS II e-learning program. Validation of ICDAS II codes was done histologically. Intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of ICDAS II severity scores were assessed before and after e-learning using (Fleiss's kappa). Results: The kappa values showed inter-examiner reproducibility ranged from 0.53 (ICDAS II code cut off ≥ 1) to 0.70 (ICDAS II code cut off ≥ 3) by undergraduates and 0.69 (ICDAS II code cut off ≥ 1) to 0.95 (ICDAS II code cut off ≥ 3) by graduates. The inter-examiner reproducibility ranged from 0.64 (ICDAS II code cut off ≥ 1) to 0.89 (ICDAS II code cut off ≥ 3). No statistically significant difference was found between both groups in intra-examiner agreements for assessing ICDAS II codes. A high statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.01) in correct identification of codes 1, 2, and 4 from before to after e-learning were observed in both groups. The bias indices for the undergraduate group were higher than those of the graduate group. Conclusions: Early exposure of students to ICDAS II is a valuable method of teaching caries detection and its e-learning program significantly improves their caries diagnostic skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem M El-Damanhoury
- Department of General and Specialist Dental Practice, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismalia, Egypt
| | - Kausar Sadia Fakhruddin
- Department of General and Specialist Dental Practice, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Manal A Awad
- Department of General and Specialist Dental Practice, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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Martignon S, Marín LM, Pitts N, Jácome-Liévano S. Consensus on domains, formation objectives and contents in cariology for undergraduate dental students in Colombia. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2014; 18:222-233. [PMID: 24612126 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To achieve a consensus for an undergraduate cariology teaching curriculum between Colombian dental schools in line with the 2015 Global Alliance for a Cavity-Free Future goal: '90% of dental schools adopting the current caries paradigm'. MATERIALS AND METHODS First phase: Four-regional 2-day workshops were conducted with 4 representative teachers (cariology, clinics, basic-science, public health and specialisations) from each of the 24-ACFO schools (Colombian Dental Schools Association) as follows: Presentations: -Main Colombian cariology teaching barriers, -Caries and public health current paradigms; -Schools' cariology teaching descriptions; -European Cariology Curriculum. Five main-domain subgroup discussions: (i) the knowledge base; (ii) risk assessment, diagnosis and synthesis; (iii) decision-making, preventive non-surgical therapy; (iv) decision-making, surgical therapy; and (v) evidence-based cariology in clinical and public health practice, to adapt domains, objectives and contents to Colombian curriculum, public health and national health system needs. These 4-regional plus 24-school consensuses sent 1 month afterwards were adapted into a preliminary document. 2nd-phase: 10 peer review by national faculty in cariology, and 10 curriculum, basic sciences, research, clinical management and public health experts. School participants and deans reviewed the draft document and suggestions were discussed and adapted into a final consensus document officially presented to the academic community at the ACFO National-Research-Meeting (September, 2012). RESULTS 24 schools and 92 teachers participated. The Colombian Cariology Curriculum was agreed by 23 schools. It positioned public health into one domain. A general focus on social determination was included, and more relevance was given to fluorosis than erosion. CONCLUSIONS A consensus on cariology teaching for undergraduate dental students was achieved in Colombia and work to promote its adoption has commenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Martignon
- UNICA - Caries Research Unit, Dental Faculty, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
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Camargo LB, Raggio DP, Bonacina CF, Wen CL, Mendes FM, Bönecker MJS, Haddad AE. Proposal of e-learning strategy to teach Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) to undergraduate and graduate students. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:456. [PMID: 25034167 PMCID: PMC4118786 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate e-learning strategy in teaching Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) to undergraduate and graduate students. The sample comprised 76 participants-38 dental students and 38 pediatric dentistry students-in a specialization course. To evaluate knowledge improvement, participants were subjected to a test performed before and after the course. RESULTS A single researcher corrected the tests and intraexaminer reproducibility was calculated (CCI = 0.991; 95% IC = 0.975-0.996). All students improved their performances after the e-learning course (Paired t-tests p < 0.001). The means of undergraduate students were 4.7 (initial) and 6.4 (final) and those of graduate students were 6.8 (initial) and 8.2 (final). The comparison of the final evaluation means showed a statistically significant difference (t-tests p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The e-learning strategy has the potential of improving students' knowledge in ART. Mature students perform better in this teaching modality when it is applied exclusively via distance learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucila Basto Camargo
- Discipline of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Paulista, Av, Comendador Enzo Ferrari, 280 - Swift, Campinas, Brazil.
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Comprehensive Implementation of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) in a Dental School and University Oral Health Centre: A Stepwise Framework. Dent J (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/dj2010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Parviainen H, Vähänikkilä H, Laitala ML, Tjäderhane L, Anttonen V. Evaluating performance of dental caries detection methods among third-year dental students. BMC Oral Health 2013; 13:70. [PMID: 24314305 PMCID: PMC3878964 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-13-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reliable caries detection is a cornerstone in the modern caries treatment schema. This study aimed to evaluate adopting traditional and new caries detection methods by third-year dental students. Methods Fifty-seven students were given lectures on caries detection, after which they evaluated 27 extracted carious teeth using traditional clinical assessment (CE), Nyvad’s, and ICDAS methods. On three teeth they also performed DIAGNOdent pen® (LF) scanning. Histological scores of the sectioned teeth (ICDAS, LF) and activity estimations of the lesions by the supervisors were used as golden standards (Nyvad, CE). For the ICDAS method , sensitivity and specificity were calculated using dentine caries (D3) as a cut-off point. Mean ICC and kappa values were calculated to evaluate interexaminer agreement for all lesions and methods. Spearman’s correlation coefficient evaluated LF scanning. Results ICDAS method presented good sensitivity (0.78) and specificity (0.87). The inter-examiner agreement for different methods was fair or good (CE ICC = 0.69, κ = 0.53; Nyvad’s method ICC = 0.68, κ = 0.48, ICDAS ICC = 0.66, κ = 0.47). Variation in LF values was the greatest with lesions extending to middle third of dentin. In that case, the Spearman’s correlation coefficient was also the weakest. Conclusions To follow the guidelines by the European Core Curriculum on Cariology, the third year dental students are introduced to methods for detecting lesion depth and assessing lesion activity as well as using new caries detection methods. Their performance in estimating lesion depth is good, and fair to good in estimating lesion activity even after basic training only.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vuokko Anttonen
- Institute of Dentistry, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Paedodontics, University of Oulu, Oulu POB 5281 , Finland.
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Pitts N, Drummond J, Guggenberger R, Ferrillo P, Johnston S. Incorporating New Materials and Techniques into Clinical Practice. Adv Dent Res 2013; 25:33-40. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034513502209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article outlines the subjects presented and discussed at the December 2012 IADR Dental Materials Innovation Workshop held at King’s College London. Incorporating new materials and techniques into clinical practice was considered from 4 perspectives: (1) Accelerating the “research to regulatory approval” process was presented with current developments in the United States, with the National Institutes of Health/Food and Drug Administration process as a working example; (2) intellectual property and regulatory requirements were discussed across the well-established US and EU frameworks, as well as the more recently developed procedures across Brazil, Russia, India, and China; (3) the challenges and opportunities of incorporating innovations into dental education were considered with reference to the future needs of both students and faculty; and (4) the key but difficult and unpredictable step of translating such innovations into routine dental practice was then explored. Constructive and far-ranging discussion among the broadly based Workshop participants (from dental research, education, practice, and industry, as well as environmental organizations and the World Health Organization) mapped out key issues for the future. The focus was on facilitating the more timely adoption of improvements in both materials and techniques to improve patient health and health systems, while minimizing environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.B. Pitts
- Dental Innovation and Translation Centre (ITC), King’s College London Dental Institute, Floor 18, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | | | | | - S. Johnston
- FDI World Dental Federation and British Dental Association, UK
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