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Díaz-Grijuela E, Hernández A, Caballero C, Fernandez R, Urtasun R, Gulak M, Astigarraga E, Barajas M, Barreda-Gómez G. From Lipid Signatures to Cellular Responses: Unraveling the Complexity of Melanoma and Furthering Its Diagnosis and Treatment. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1204. [PMID: 39202486 PMCID: PMC11356604 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60081204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in mass spectrometry have significantly enhanced our understanding of complex lipid profiles, opening new avenues for oncological diagnostics. This review highlights the importance of lipidomics in the comprehension of certain metabolic pathways and its potential for the detection and characterization of various cancers, in particular melanoma. Through detailed case studies, we demonstrate how lipidomic analysis has led to significant breakthroughs in the identification and understanding of cancer types and its potential for detecting unique biomarkers that are instrumental in its diagnosis. Additionally, this review addresses the technical challenges and future perspectives of these methodologies, including their potential expansion and refinement for clinical applications. The discussion underscores the critical role of lipidomic profiling in advancing cancer diagnostics, proposing a new paradigm in how we approach this devastating disease, with particular emphasis on its application in comparative oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roberto Fernandez
- IMG Pharma Biotech, Research and Development Division, 48170 Zamudio, Spain;
| | - Raquel Urtasun
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Health Science, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (R.U.); (M.B.)
| | | | - Egoitz Astigarraga
- Betternostics SL, 31110 Noáin, Spain; (E.D.-G.); (A.H.); (C.C.)
- IMG Pharma Biotech, Research and Development Division, 48170 Zamudio, Spain;
| | - Miguel Barajas
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Health Science, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (R.U.); (M.B.)
| | - Gabriel Barreda-Gómez
- Betternostics SL, 31110 Noáin, Spain; (E.D.-G.); (A.H.); (C.C.)
- IMG Pharma Biotech, Research and Development Division, 48170 Zamudio, Spain;
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2
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Fujita N, Yasuda I, Endo I, Isayama H, Iwashita T, Ueki T, Uemura K, Umezawa A, Katanuma A, Katayose Y, Suzuki Y, Shoda J, Tsuyuguchi T, Wakai T, Inui K, Unno M, Takeyama Y, Itoi T, Koike K, Mochida S. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for cholelithiasis 2021. J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:801-833. [PMID: 37452855 PMCID: PMC10423145 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology first published evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for cholelithiasis in 2010, followed by a revision in 2016. Currently, the revised third edition was published to reflect recent evidence on the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cholelithiasis conforming to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Following this revision, the present English version of the guidelines was updated and published herein. The clinical questions (CQ) in the previous version were reviewed and rearranged into three newly divided categories: background questions (BQ) dealing with basic background knowledge, CQ, and future research questions (FRQ), which refer to issues that require further accumulation of evidence. Finally, 52 questions (29 BQs, 19 CQs, and 4 FRQs) were adopted to cover the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, complications, and prognosis. Based on a literature search using MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Igaku Chuo Zasshi databases for the period between 1983 and August 2019, along with a manual search of new information reported over the past 5 years, the level of evidence was evaluated for each CQ. The strengths of recommendations were determined using the Delphi method by the committee members considering the body of evidence, including benefits and harms, patient preference, and cost-benefit balance. A comprehensive flowchart was prepared for the diagnosis and treatment of gallbladder stones, common bile duct stones, and intrahepatic stones, respectively. The current revised guidelines are expected to be of great assistance to gastroenterologists and general physicians in making decisions on contemporary clinical management for cholelithiasis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotaka Fujita
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan.
- Miyagi Medical Check-up Plaza, 1-6-9 Oroshi-machi, Wakabayashi-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 984-0015, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Yasuda
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isayama
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Takuji Iwashita
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ueki
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Uemura
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Akiko Umezawa
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Akio Katanuma
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Yu Katayose
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Junichi Shoda
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Toshio Tsuyuguchi
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inui
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Takeyama
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Takao Itoi
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mochida
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
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3
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Tan M, Yang S, Xu X. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and carcinogenesis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:303-313. [PMID: 36973155 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) has been recognized to be associated with atherosclerosis. In the past few years many studies have found that HDLC is also related to tumor development and progression. Despite some opposing views, a large number of studies support a negative association between HDLC and tumor incidence. Measuring serum HDLC concentrations may facilitate assessment of the prognosis of cancer patients and provide a biomarker for tumors. However, there is a lack of molecular mechanism studies on the link between HDLC and tumors. In this review we discuss the impact of HDLC on the incidence and prognosis of cancer in different systems, as well as prospects for the prediction and treatment of cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shijie Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiequn Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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4
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Nie C, Li Z, Yang T, Zhong J, Liu Q, Mi F, Yu J, Pan Y, Kan H, Hong F. Associations of long-term exposure to particulate matter with gallstone risks in Chinese adults: A large cross-sectional study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114644. [PMID: 36791505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence regarding the relation of exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) with gallstone disease (GSD) risk remains lacking. We tested the hypothesis that long-term exposure to PM is related to the development of GSD and that dyslipidemia can mediate the effect of PM-associated GSD formation. METHODS We extracted related information on the basis of the baseline survey of the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort Study. The exposure levels of PM (PM1, PM2.5, and PM10) were assessed by validated spatiotemporal models. The relation of exposure to ambient PM with GSD risks was analyzed by non-conditional logistic regression models. Additionally, mediation analysis was conducted to assess whether dyslipidemia was related to the relation of PM exposure with GSD risks. RESULTS A total of 72,893 participants were included. Increased ambient PM exposure was positively associated with a higher GSD risk, with ORs (and 95% CI) of 1.17 (1.06, 1.28), 1.10 (1.05, 1.15), and 1.07 (1.04, 1.10) for every 10 μg/m3 increment in PM1, PM2.5, and PM10, separately. The association was more remarkable in males, drinkers, and central obesity participants. Dyslipidemia significantly mediated the association between PM and GSD, with mediating proportions of 5.37%, 9.13%, and 7.66% in PM1, PM2.5, and PM10, respectively. CONCLUSION Exposure to PM may relate to the increased risk of GSD in Chinese adults, especially among males, drinkers, and central obesity participants. Dyslipidemia may partially mediate the effect of PM-associated GSD development. Our results might provide epidemiological evidence for the progression of GSD related to PM and give new insights into GSD prevention and screening priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Nie
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China.
| | - Tingting Yang
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jianqin Zhong
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qiaolan Liu
- Sichuan University West China School of Public Health, Sichuan, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Fei Mi
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Jianhong Yu
- Pidu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan, Chengdu 611700, China
| | - Yongyue Pan
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Feng Hong
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China.
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5
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Kurtul N, Pençe S, Koçoğlu H, Aksoy H, Çapan Y. Serum Lipid and Lipoproteins in Gallstone Patients. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2019. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2019.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were determined in a group of thirty two gallstone patients and compared to the values obtained in thirty two healthy control subjects. The serum levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) in gallstone patients were found to be lower than that of the control group. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, apoprotein-A and apoprotein-B concentrations were observed to be higher in gallstone patients than the controls. The differences in triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration were statistically significant. However, there was no significant difference in high density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein( a), apoprotein-A, apoprotein-B, and total cholesterol concentrations between groups. It is concluded that gallstone formation may be related to a disturbance in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.
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6
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Pirro M, Ricciuti B, Rader DJ, Catapano AL, Sahebkar A, Banach M. High density lipoprotein cholesterol and cancer: Marker or causative? Prog Lipid Res 2018; 71:54-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Young ND, Gasser RB. Opisthorchis viverrini Draft Genome - Biomedical Implications and Future Avenues. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2018; 101:125-148. [PMID: 29907252 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Opisthorchiasis is a neglected tropical disease of major proportion, caused by the carcinogenic, Asian liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini. This hepatobiliary disease is known to be associated with malignant cancer (cholangiocarcinoma, CCA) and affects millions of people in Southeast Asia. No vaccine is available, and only one drug (praziquantel) is routinely employed against the parasite. Despite technological advances, little is known about the molecular biology of the fluke itself and the disease complex that it causes in humans. The advent of high-throughput nucleic acid sequencing and bioinformatic technologies is enabling researchers to gain global insights into the molecular pathways and processes in parasites. The principal aims of this chapter are to (1) review molecular research of O. viverrini and opisthorchiasis; (2) provide an account of recent advances in the sequencing and characterization of the genome and transcriptomes of O. viverrini; (3) describe the complex life of this worm in the biliary system of the definitive (human) host and how the fluke interacts with this host and causes disease at the molecular level; (4) discuss the implications of systems biological research and (5) consider how progress in genomics and informatics might enable explorations of O. viverrini and related worms and the discovery of new interventions against opisthorchiasis and CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil D Young
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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8
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Pomaznoy MY, Logacheva MD, Young ND, Penin AA, Ershov NI, Katokhin AV, Mordvinov VA. Whole transcriptome profiling of adult and infective stages of the trematode Opisthorchis felineus. Parasitol Int 2016; 65:12-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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9
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Gasser RB, Tan P, Teh BT, Wongkham S, Young ND. Genomics of worms, with an emphasis on Opisthorchis viverrini - opportunities for fundamental discovery and biomedical outcomes. Parasitol Int 2016; 66:341-345. [PMID: 26792076 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases cause substantial morbidity and mortality in animals and people globally. Opisthorchiasis is one such disease, caused by the carcinogenic, Asian liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini. This hepatobiliary disease is known to be associated with malignant cancer (cholangiocarcinoma, CCA) and affects millions of people in Asia, including Thailand, Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) and Cambodia. No vaccine is available, and only one drug (praziquantel) is routinely employed against the parasite. Relatively little is known about the molecular biology of the fluke itself and the disease complex that it causes in humans. With the advent of high-throughput nucleic acid sequencing and bioinformatic technologies, it has now become possible to gain global insights into the molecular biology of parasites. The purpose of this minireview is (i) to discuss recent progress on the genomics of parasitic worms, with an emphasis on the draft genome and transcriptome of O. viverrini; (ii) to use results from an integrated, global analysis of the genomic and transcriptomic data, to explain how we believe that this carcinogenic fluke establishes in the biliary system, how it feeds, survives and protects itself in such a hostile, microaerobic environment within the liver, and to propose how this parasite evades or modulates host attack; and (iii) to indicate some of the challenges, and, more importantly, the exciting opportunities that the 'omic resources for O. viverrini now provide for a plethora of fundamental and applied research areas. Looking ahead, we hope that this genomic resource stimulates vibrant and productive collaborations within a consortium context, focused on the effective control of opisthorchiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin B Gasser
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Patrick Tan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore; Division of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Neil D Young
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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10
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Young ND, Nagarajan N, Lin SJ, Korhonen PK, Jex AR, Hall RS, Safavi-Hemami H, Kaewkong W, Bertrand D, Gao S, Seet Q, Wongkham S, Teh BT, Wongkham C, Intapan PM, Maleewong W, Yang X, Hu M, Wang Z, Hofmann A, Sternberg PW, Tan P, Wang J, Gasser RB. The Opisthorchis viverrini genome provides insights into life in the bile duct. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4378. [PMID: 25007141 PMCID: PMC4104445 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Opisthorchiasis is a neglected, tropical disease caused by the carcinogenic Asian liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini. This hepatobiliary disease is linked to malignant cancer (cholangiocarcinoma, CCA) and affects millions of people in Asia. No vaccine is available, and only one drug (praziquantel) is used against the parasite. Little is known about O. viverrini biology and the diseases that it causes. Here we characterize the draft genome (634.5 Mb) and transcriptomes of O. viverrini, elucidate how this fluke survives in the hostile environment within the bile duct and show that metabolic pathways in the parasite are highly adapted to a lipid-rich diet from bile and/or cholangiocytes. We also provide additional evidence that O. viverrini and other flukes secrete proteins that directly modulate host cell proliferation. Our molecular resources now underpin profound explorations of opisthorchiasis/CCA and the design of new interventions. The Asian liver fluke is a parasitic worm that is linked to an increased risk of malignant cancer. Here, the authors sequence the draft genome and transcriptome of this fluke and provide insight into how the species has adapted to be able to survive in the bile duct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil D Young
- 1] Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia [2]
| | - Niranjan Nagarajan
- 1] Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore [2]
| | - Suling Joyce Lin
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore
| | - Pasi K Korhonen
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Aaron R Jex
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ross S Hall
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Worasak Kaewkong
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Denis Bertrand
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore
| | - Song Gao
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore
| | - Qihui Seet
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chaisiri Wongkham
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pewpan Maleewong Intapan
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wanchai Maleewong
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Andreas Hofmann
- 1] Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia [2] Structural Chemistry Program, Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Paul W Sternberg
- Division of Biology, HHMI, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Patrick Tan
- 1] Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore [2] Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jun Wang
- 1] [2] Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark [3] Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia [4] Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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11
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Vílchez JA, Martínez-Ruiz A, Sancho-Rodríguez N, Martínez-Hernández P, Noguera-Velasco JA. The real role of prediagnostic high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the cancer risk: a concise review. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:103-14. [PMID: 24111547 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In several observational and clinical studies, the association between serum cholesterol levels and cancer is still unsettled although serum total cholesterol has been associated with increased mortality from cancer. Moreover, the importance of abnormal levels of serum lipid components as the main features of dyslipidemia and the risk of individual cancers is unclear. The prevalence of dyslipidemia is increasing worldwide but, the precise aetiology of the link between risk of cancer and the behaviour of lipid profile, prior diagnosis, has yet to be determinated. Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) at baseline of many of the studies analyzed has to be taken into account, and continued low levels of HDL without explanation should be considered by clinicians. AIMS The main aim of this review was to undertake the assessment of the most recent studies implying the lipid profile and cancer risk, and focused on low HDL levels at baseline and follow up, and also analyzing this behaviour on the different cancer types. MATERIAL AND METHODS A literature search was performed to identify publications. The most recent prospective and case-control studies with multivariate Cox models were analyzed and also were considered some recent meta-analyses. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The findings exposed in this review suggest that the association with low HDL levels at baseline of different studies of cancer risk is shared among many types of cancer, and it is mainly linked to obesity and inflammation, suggesting a common pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Vílchez
- Department of Clinical Analysis, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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Andreotti G, Chen J, Gao YT, Rashid A, Chang SC, Shen MC, Wang BS, Han TQ, Zhang BH, Danforth KN, Althuis MD, Hsing AW. Serum lipid levels and the risk of biliary tract cancers and biliary stones: A population-based study in China. Int J Cancer 2008; 122:2322-9. [PMID: 18076041 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers, encompassing the gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts and ampulla of Vater, are rare but highly fatal malignancies. Gallstones, the predominant risk factor for biliary cancers, are linked with hyperlipidemia. As part of a population-based case-control study conducted in Shanghai, China, we examined the associations of serum lipid levels with biliary stones and cancers. We included 460 biliary cancer cases (264 gallbladder, 141 extrahepatic bile duct, and 55 ampulla of Vater), 981 biliary stone cases and 858 healthy individuals randomly selected from the population. Participants completed an in-person interview and gave overnight fasting blood samples. Participants in the highest quintile of triglycerides (>/=160 mg/dl) had a 1.4-fold risk of biliary stones (95% CI = 1.1-1.9), a 1.9-fold risk of gallbladder cancer (95% CI = 1.3-2.8), and a 4.8-fold risk of bile duct cancer (95% CI = 2.8-8.1), compared to the reference group (third quintile: 90-124 mg/dl). Participants in the lowest quintile of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (<30 mg/dl) had a 4.2-fold risk of biliary stones (95% CI = 3.0-6.0), an 11.6-fold risk of gallbladder cancer (95% CI = 7.3-18.5), and a 16.8-fold risk of bile duct cancer (95% CI = 9.1-30.9), relative to the reference group (third quintile: 40-49 mg/dl). In addition, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and apolipoprotein A (apo A) were inversely associated with biliary stones; whereas low levels as well as high levels of total cholesterol, LDL, apo A and apolipoprotein B (apo B) were associated with excess risks of biliary tract cancers. Our findings support a role for serum lipids in gallstone development and biliary carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Andreotti
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Schöne A, Jüngst D, Meyer G, Hernandez-Richter T, Fischer S. Effects of phospholipase A2, free fatty acids and 2-lysolecithin on the crystallization of cholesterol in gallbladder bile. Eur J Clin Invest 2000; 30:715-21. [PMID: 10964164 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2000.00703.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and its enzymatic products free fatty acids (FFAs) and 2-lysolecithin are physiological constituents of bile. Their role in the crystallization of cholesterol in gallbladder bile of patients with cholesterol gallstones is still controversial. DESIGN To clarify this issue we evaluated the activity of PLA2 and the concentration and pattern of FFAs in the gallbladder bile of cholesterol stone patients. We furthermore added PLA2, FFAs and 2-lysolecithin to isotropic gallbladder bile, determined the crystal observation time (COT) and counted the cholesterol crystals in a crystal growth assay for up to 21 days. RESULTS A PLA2 activity of 1.8 +/- 1.2 U L(-1) and total FFA concentrations of 1.32 +/- 0.71 mmol L(-1) were determined. After incubation of bile for 24 h at 37 degrees C total FFAs increased to 2.72 +/- 1.29 mmol L(-1) (P<0.005). Biliary saturated and unsaturated FFAs were found in equal proportions before and after incubation, pointing to an additional presence of lipases other than PLA2. A COTof 1 day was observed in all gallbladder biles and increased to 1.7 +/- 0.5 days after addition of 5 U L(-1) of PLA2 (P<0.01). An even higher COT of 2.5 +/- 0.8 days was seen after addition of 5 mmol L(-1) of a 'biliary' mixture of FFAs (P<0.005) but the COT remained unchanged after addition of 5 mmol L(-1) of 2-lysolecithin. However, in the crystal growth assay in gallbladder bile addition of 5 U L(-1) of PLA2, of 5 mmol L(-1) of 'biliary' FFAs and of 5 mmol L(-1) of 2-lysolecithin decreased significantly the number of cholesterol crystals formed during follow-up. CONCLUSION An elevated activity of PLA2 in gallbladder bile may counteract the formation of cholesterol crystals through increased formation of FFAs and 2-lysolecithin. However, regarding the comparatively low activity of PLA2 in gallbladder bile PLA2 seems to be of only minor pathophysiological importance in the formation of cholesterol gallstones.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schöne
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Méndez-Sánchez N, Tanimoto MA, Cobos E, Roldán-Valadez E, Uribe M. Cholesterolosis is not associated with high cholesterol levels in patients with and without gallstone disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 1997; 25:518-21. [PMID: 9412968 DOI: 10.1097/00004836-199710000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
High levels of cholesterol have been associated with certain gallbladder disorders such as cholesterolosis and gallstone disease. Furthermore, obesity is considered the main risk factor for cholesterol gallstone disease. We investigated the incidence of cholesterolosis in patients with and patients without gallbladder stones (GS). We reviewed the clinical records of patients with gallstone disease and other gallbladder disorders who had consecutive cholecystectomy during a 5-year period. We recorded demographic data, sex, age, serum cholesterol levels, and body mass index. The diagnosis of cholesterolosis was made macroscopically and microscopically. A total of 636 patients were included in this study: 446 with and 190 without GS. Cholesterolosis was more frequent in patients without GS (p < 0.01). However, hypercholesterolemia occurred more frequently in patients with GS (p < 0.001). Obese patients with GS had higher percentages of cholesterolosis and hypercholesterolemia than did eutrophic patients (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). We suggest that cholesterolosis in the human gallbladder is not necessarily associated with gallstone disease and high plasma cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Méndez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Fundación Clinica Médica Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
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