1
|
Sterling JJ, Sakihara TS, Brannock PM, Pearson ZG, Maclaine KD, Santos SR, Havird JC. Primary microbial succession in the anchialine ecosystem. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:275-287. [PMID: 35687002 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When new land is created, initial microbial colonization lays the foundation for further ecological succession of plant and animal communities. Primary microbial succession of new aquatic habitats formed during volcanic activity has received little attention. The anchialine ecosystem, which includes coastal ponds in young lava flows, offers an opportunity to examine this process. Here, we characterized microbial communities of anchialine habitats in Hawaii that were created during volcanic eruptions in 2018. Benthic samples from three habitats were collected ∼2 years after their formation and at later time points spanning ∼1 year. Sequence profiling (16S and 18S) of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities was used to test whether communities were similar to those from older, established anchialine habitats, and if community structure changed over time. Results show that microbial communities from the new habitats were unlike any from established anchialine microbial communities, having higher proportions of Planctomycetota and Chloroflexi but lower proportions of green algae. Each new habitat also harbored its own unique community relative to other habitats. While community composition in each habitat underwent statistically significant changes over time, they remained distinctive from established anchialine habitats. New habitats also had highly elevated temperatures compared to other habitats. These results suggest idiosyncratic microbial consortia form during early succession of Hawaiian anchialine habitats. Future monitoring will reveal whether the early communities described here remain stable after temperatures decline and macro-organisms become more abundant, or if microbial communities will continue to change and eventually resemble those of established habitats. This work is a key first step in examining primary volcanic succession in aquatic habitats and suggests young anchialine habitats may warrant special conservation status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James J Sterling
- Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Troy S Sakihara
- Division of Aquatic Resources, Department of Land and Natural Resources, State of Hawaii Hilo, HI, USA
| | | | - Zoe G Pearson
- Dept. of Biology, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL, USA
| | - Kendra D Maclaine
- Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Scott R Santos
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Justin C Havird
- Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Panelo J, Wiegner TN, Colbert SL, Goldberg S, Abaya LM, Conklin E, Couch C, Falinski K, Gove J, Watson L, Wiggins C. Spatial distribution and sources of nutrients at two coastal developments in South Kohala, Hawai'i. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 174:113143. [PMID: 34971985 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient sources to coastal waters with coral reefs are not well-characterized. This study documented spatial distributions of nutrients within coastal waters along two developments with coral reefs, and identified nutrient sources through nutrient mixing plots, δ15N measurements in macroalgal tissue, and NO3- stable isotope mixing models. Nutrients decreased from fresh groundwaters to offshore waters, with some surface waters higher in concentrations than benthic ones. Conservative and non-conservative mixing between fresh and ocean waters occurred, the latter suggestive of local nutrient sources and biological removal. δ15N in macroalgal tissue and NO3- concurred that fresh groundwater, ocean water, and fertilizers were dominant nutrient sources. Benthic salinity and NO3- + NO2- concentrations illustrated that submarine groundwater discharge delivered nutrients to reefs in pulses ranging from minutes to days. Information generated from this study is imperative for developing management actions to improve water quality and make coral reefs more resilient to stressors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jazmine Panelo
- Tropical Conservation and Environmental Science Graduate Program, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., Hilo, HI 96720, United States of America
| | - Tracy N Wiegner
- Marine Science Department, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720, United States of America.
| | - Steven L Colbert
- Marine Science Department, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720, United States of America
| | - Stuart Goldberg
- Habitat Conservation Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Inouye Regional Office, 1845 Wasp Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96818, United States of America
| | - Leilani M Abaya
- Marine Science Department, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720, United States of America
| | - Eric Conklin
- The Nature Conservancy, Hawai'i, 923 Nu'uanu Avenue, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States of America
| | - Courtney Couch
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Falinski
- The Nature Conservancy, Hawai'i, 923 Nu'uanu Avenue, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States of America
| | - Jamison Gove
- Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1845 Wasp Blvd., Honolulu, HI 96818, United States of America
| | - Lani Watson
- Habitat Conservation Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Inouye Regional Office, 1845 Wasp Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96818, United States of America
| | - Chad Wiggins
- The Nature Conservancy, Hawai'i, 923 Nu'uanu Avenue, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rettig JE, Smith GR. Relative strength of top-down effects of an invasive fish and bottom-up effects of nutrient addition in a simple aquatic food web. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:5845-5853. [PMID: 32975750 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of exotic predators or runoff of fertilizers can alter aquatic food webs, in particular zooplankton communities, through top-down and bottom-up effects. In a mesocosm experiment, we manipulated the density of Western Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) and nutrient levels (nitrate and phosphate independently) and observed effects on zooplankton and phytoplankton in a fall, temperate zone system. If top-down regulation were important, we expected mosquitofish predation to reduce zooplankton abundance, which would indirectly benefit phytoplankton. If bottom-up regulation were important, we expected nutrient addition to increase both primary producers and zooplankton. Western Mosquitofish predation significantly decreased the abundance of several zooplankton taxa, resulting in a trophic cascade with increased chlorophyll a (i.e., primary productivity). This effect did not differ between mesocosms with 5 or 10 fish. Nutrient addition had no significant effects on zooplankton; however, chlorophyll a was positively affected by both nitrogen addition and phosphorus addition. Our results suggest weak bottom-up regulation in our experimental community, but strong top-down regulation, emphasizing the potential consequences of introducing non-native Western Mosquitofish to native aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Rettig
- Department of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH, 43023, USA.
| | - Geoffrey R Smith
- Department of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH, 43023, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dudley BD, MacKenzie RA, Sakihara TS, Riney MH, Ostertag R. Effects of invasion at two trophic levels on diet, body condition, and population size structure of Hawaiian red shrimp. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce D. Dudley
- Department of Biology; University of Hawai‛i at Hilo; 200 West Kawili Street Hilo Hawai‛i 96720 USA
| | - Richard A. MacKenzie
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry; USDA Forest Service; 60 Nowelo Street Hilo Hawai‛i 96720 USA
| | - Troy S. Sakihara
- Division of Aquatic Resources; Department of Land and Natural Resources; State of Hawai‛i; 1160 Kamehameha Avenue Hilo Hawai‛i 96720 USA
| | - Michael H. Riney
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry; USDA Forest Service; 60 Nowelo Street Hilo Hawai‛i 96720 USA
| | - Rebecca Ostertag
- Department of Biology; University of Hawai‛i at Hilo; 200 West Kawili Street Hilo Hawai‛i 96720 USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Havird JC, Santos SR. Developmental Transcriptomics of the Hawaiian Anchialine Shrimp Halocaridina rubra Holthuis, 1963 (Crustacea: Atyidae). Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:1170-1182. [PMID: 27400978 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many crustacean species progress through a series of metamorphoses during the developmental transition from embryo to adult. The molecular genetic basis of this transition, however, is not well characterized for a large number of crustaceans. Here, we employ multiple RNA-Seq methodologies to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between "early" (i.e., Z1 - Z2) as well as "late" (i.e., Z3 - Z4) larval and adult developmental stages of Halocaridina rubra Holthuis (1963), an atyid shrimp endemic to the environmentally variable anchialine ecosystem of the Hawaiian Islands. Given the differences in salinity tolerance (narrow vs. wide range), energy acquisition (maternal yolk-bearing vs. microphagous grazing), and behavior (positively phototactic vs. not) between larvae and adults, respectively, of this species, we hypothesized the recovery of numerous DEGs belonging to functional categories relating to these characteristics. Consistent with this and regardless of methodology, hundreds of DEGs were identified, including upregulation of opsins and other light/stimulus detection genes and downregulation of genes related to ion transport, digestion, and reproduction in larvae relative to adults. Furthermore, isoform-switching, which has been largely unexplored in crustacean development, appears to be pervasive between H. rubra larvae and adults, especially among structural and oxygen-transport genes. Finally, by comparing RNA-Seq methodologies, we provide recommendations for future crustacean transcriptomic studies, including a demonstration of the pitfalls associated with identifying DEGs from single replicate samples as well as the utility of leveraging "prepackaged" bioinformatics pipelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Havird
- *Department of Biological Sciences and Molette Laboratory for Climate Change and Environmental Studies, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849, USA .,Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Scott R Santos
- *Department of Biological Sciences and Molette Laboratory for Climate Change and Environmental Studies, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| |
Collapse
|