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Wang Z, Zu X, Xiong S, Mao R, Qiu Y, Chen B, Zeng Z, Chen M, He Y. The Role of Colchicine in Different Clinical Phenotypes of Behcet Disease. Clin Ther 2023; 45:162-176. [PMID: 36732153 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Behcet disease (BD) is a multisystemic disorder characterized by variable clinical manifestations that affect nearly all systems and organs. Colchicine, an alkaloid plant extract, is considered as the first-line therapy for gout, pericarditis, and familial Mediterranean fever. However, the role of colchicine in the treatment of different clinical phenotypes of BD has not been clearly described. This narrative review summarizes the clinical use of colchicine in BD. METHODS All relevant literature from 1980 to March 2021 was searched in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library. The Medical Subject Heading terms and related words that were searched are as follows: Behcet's disease, Behcet's syndrome, BD, colchicine, management, treatment, and therapy. FINDINGS BD is an autoimmune systemic vasculitis with various clinical phenotypes, with involvement of skin mucosa, joints, eyes, and gastrointestinal, vascular, and neurologic systems. Colchicine has been used for centuries, acts by binding to tubulin to prevent the mitotic process, and has anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antifibrotic properties. Colchicine has been reported to be an effective option for the treatment of skin, mucosal, and joint involvement in patients with certain BD clinical phenotypes. IMPLICATIONS Colchicine reduces the severity of certain clinical phenotypes and may improve the overall disease activity index in patients with BD. More randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the value of colchicine in the treatment of BD, and further elucidation of the mechanisms is also needed, which may reveal new application of colchicine that has been used for centuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoman Zu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baili Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhirong Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Effects of colchicine use on ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke risk in diabetic patients with and without gout. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9195. [PMID: 35655077 PMCID: PMC9160857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of colchicine use on the risk of stroke among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). We retrospectively enrolled patients with DM between 2000 and 2013 from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database and divided them into a colchicine cohort (n = 8761) and noncolchicine cohort (n = 8761) by using propensity score matching (PSM). The event of interest was a stroke, including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. The incidence of stroke was analyzed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models between the colchicine cohort and the comparison cohort after adjustment for several confounding factors. The subdistribution hazard model was also performed for examination of the competing risk. The colchicine cohort had a significantly lower incidence of stroke [adjusted hazard ratios (aHR), 95% confidence intervals (95%CI)] (aHR = 0.61, 95%CI = 0.55–0.67), ischemic stroke (aHR = 0.59, 95%CI = 0.53–0.66), and hemorrhagic stroke (aHR = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.53–0.82) compared with the noncolchicine cohort. Drug analysis indicated that patients in the colchicine cohort who received colchicine of cumulative daily defined dose (cDDD) > 14 and duration > 28 days had a lower risk of stroke and ischemic stroke compared with nonusers. The colchicine cohort (cDDD > 150, duration > 360 days) also had a lower risk of stroke, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke. The cumulative incidence of stroke, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke in the colchicine cohort was significantly lower than that in the noncolchicine cohort (log-rank P < 0.001). However, the subdistribution hazard model reveal the colchicine was not associated with the hemorrhagic stroke in DM patients without gout (aHR = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.47–1.00). Colchicine use with cDDD > 14 and duration > 28 days was associated with lower risk of stroke and ischemic stroke, and colchicine use with cDDD > 150 and duration > 360 days played an auxiliary role in the prevention of stroke, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke in patients with DM. The colchicine for the hemorrhagic stroke in DM patients without gout seem to be null effect.
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Hirahara L, Takase-Minegishi K, Kirino Y, Iizuka-Iribe Y, Soejima Y, Yoshimi R, Nakajima H. The Roles of Monocytes and Macrophages in Behçet’s Disease With Focus on M1 and M2 Polarization. Front Immunol 2022; 13:852297. [PMID: 35359926 PMCID: PMC8963421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.852297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Behçet’s disease (BD) is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent oral ulcers, genital ulcers, cutaneous inflammation, and uveitis. In addition, other potentially life-threatening lesions may occur in the intestinal tract, blood vessels, and central nervous system. This heterogeneity of the BD phenotype hampers development of a targeted treatment strategy. The pathogenesis of BD is not fully elucidated, but it is likely that genetically susceptible people develop BD in response to environmental factors, such as microbiome factors. Genetic analyses have identified various BD susceptibility loci that function in HLA-antigen presentation pathways, Th1 and Th17 cells, and autoinflammation related to monocytes/macrophages, or that increase levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduce levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, or act in dysfunctional mucous barriers. Our functional analyses have revealed that impairment of M2 monocyte/macrophage-mediated anti-inflammatory function through IL-10 is crucial to BD pathogenesis. We, therefore, propose that BD is an M1-dominant disease. In this review, we describe the roles of monocytes and macrophages in BD and consider the potential of these cells as therapeutic targets.
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Huber SC, de Lima Montalvão SA, Sachetto Z, Santos Duarte Lana JF, Annichino-Bizzacchi JM. Characterization of autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) and its biological effects in patients with Behçet's Disease. Regen Ther 2021; 18:339-346. [PMID: 34584910 PMCID: PMC8441104 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Behçet's disease (BD) is an immune-mediated chronic systemic vasculitis, characterized by clinical manifestations that include: mucocutaneous ulcers, ocular involvement, immunological alterations, vascular and neurological implications. The available treatments present limitations such as high cost and side effects, and the search for a low-cost biological treatment with immunomodulatory potential becomes of great value. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) has some characteristics that indicate a possible use as an immunomodulator due to the wide range of secreted cytokines, especially through the participation of TGF-β1 in the differentiation of T regulatory cells (Treg). This study aimed to characterize the PRP poor in leukocytes (P-PRP) of patients with BD and active ulcers and to evaluate its effects as an immunomodulator through a subcutaneous application. Methods We selected patients with a diagnosis of BD, with a low dose of prednisone and with no central nervous system or ocular involvement. Platelet and leukocyte count and quantification of 17 cytokines were evaluated in P-PRP. The effects of P-PRP were evaluated by cell frequency of TCD4 +, TCD8 +, Treg, natural killer (NK), and activated NK, as well as by the cytokine profile in patient's plasma, and the clinical manifestations through score and questionnaire. Also, it was evaluated the number and timing of oral ulcer closure. PRP was used as an adjuvant, with 9 applications of 3 mL, over 6 months, with a follow-up of one year. Results The results using PRP showed adequate values and no significant inter-and intra-individual variations. The systemic evaluations during the use of PRP showed significant alterations, characterized by the increase in Treg cell frequency (p = 0.0416) and a decrease in activated NK cells (p = 0.0010). However, no clinical correlation was observed through score analysis. The most relevant clinical data was the decrease in the closing time of ulcers throughout the application period. Conclusion In a pilot study with BD patients, P-PRP promoted an anti-inflammatory profile characterized by increased Treg cells and decreased activated NK cells and alterations in cytokines. A clinical improvement was observed with a decrease in the number and time of closure of oral ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephany Cares Huber
- Department of Medical Physiopathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil
- Corresponding author. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - UNICAMP, Rua Carlos Chagas, 480, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil. Fax +55 (19) 3521-8755.
| | | | - Zoraida Sachetto
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil
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Colchicine as a Potential Therapeutic Agent Against Cardiovascular Complications of COVID-19: an Exploratory Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2:1419-1429. [PMID: 32838182 PMCID: PMC7398860 DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) may result in serious complications involving several organ systems, including myocardial tissue. An exaggerated host inflammatory response, described as a cytokine storm, has been linked to play a major role in these complications. Colchicine and other pharmaceutical agents have been proposed to counter the cytokine storm and improve outcomes. In this exploratory review, we utilized a PubMed and Cochrane Database search aiming to identify the biochemical characteristics of the cytokine storm as well as to identify the potential effect of colchicine on these inflammatory biomarkers. The research yielded 30 reports describing the characteristics of the cytokine storm and 44 reports describing the effect of colchicine on various inflammatory biomarkers. According to our research, colchicine may be an agent of interest in the treatment of COVID-19 via its anti-inflammatory properties. However, there are potential drug interactions with cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitors resulting in acute colchicine toxicities. Additionally, there is scarce evidence regarding the efficacy of colchicine in the acute phase of disease, since most trials evaluated its effect in chronic conditions. In this direction, our team proposes three different hypotheses for evaluating the place of colchicine in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Cingu AK, Turkcu FM, Aktas S, Sahin A, Ayyildiz O. Serum IL-4, IL-12, IL-13, IL-27, and IL-33 levels in active and inactive ocular Behcet's disease. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40:3441-3451. [PMID: 32729061 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01530-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate serum levels of interleukin (IL)-12 (Th1 cytokine), IL-27 (an immunomodulatory cytokine), IL-4 (suppressor of Th1-cell growth), IL-13 (a stimulatory signal for Th2 cytokines), and IL-33 (an epithelial cell-derived cytokine) and their relations with the disease activity in Behcet's Disease (BD). METHODS Four groups, each composed of 20 participants were enrolled in the study; active ocular BD (Group-A), ocular BD in remission (Group-B), nonocular BD in remission (Group-C) and healthy controls (Group-D). IL levels were compared between the study groups and their correlation with the disease activity parameters were analyzed. RESULTS IL-13 and IL-33 were higher in Group-A. IL-27 was lower in all BD groups. Additionally, IL-13 and IL-33 levels were positively correlated with disease activity parameters. CONCLUSION These findings show Th2 dominance in the active phase of BD. Besides, decreased levels of IL-27, and presumably, its protective anti-inflammatory effect in all study groups may exert a new pathologic finding in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Kursat Cingu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Veni Vidi Bakirkoy Eye Center, Zeytinlik Mahallesi Milliyetci Sok. No: 4/1, Bakirkoy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Serdar Aktas
- Department of Immunology, Doruk Bursa Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Sahin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Memorial Dicle Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Orhan Ayyildiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Perricone C, Triggianese P, Bartoloni E, Cafaro G, Bonifacio AF, Bursi R, Perricone R, Gerli R. The anti-viral facet of anti-rheumatic drugs: Lessons from COVID-19. J Autoimmun 2020; 111:102468. [PMID: 32317220 PMCID: PMC7164894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has posed the world at a pandemic risk. Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which causes pneumonia, requires intensive care unit hospitalization in about 10% of cases and can lead to a fatal outcome. Several efforts are currently made to find a treatment for COVID-19 patients. So far, several anti-viral and immunosuppressive or immunomodulating drugs have demonstrated some efficacy on COVID-19 both in vitro and in animal models as well as in cases series. In COVID-19 patients a pro-inflammatory status with high levels of interleukin (IL)-1B, IL-1 receptor (R)A and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α has been demonstrated. Moreover, high levels of IL-6 and TNF-α have been observed in patients requiring intensive-care-unit hospitalization. This provided rationale for the use of anti-rheumatic drugs as potential treatments for this severe viral infection. Other agents, such as hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine might have a direct anti-viral effect. The anti-viral aspect of immunosuppressants towards a variety of viruses has been known since long time and it is herein discussed in the view of searching for a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Perricone
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Triggianese
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of "Medicina dei Sistemi", University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Bartoloni
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cafaro
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angelo F Bonifacio
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Bursi
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Perricone
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of "Medicina dei Sistemi", University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Gerli
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy.
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Interleukin-8 enhances the effect of colchicine on cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:89-94. [PMID: 28189686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines are known to be generated in tumors and play important roles in angiogenesis, mitosis, and tumor progression. However, few studies have investigated the synergistic effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines and anticancer drugs on cell death. In the present study, we examined the combined effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines and colchicine on cell death of cancer cells. Colchicine induces G2/M arrest in the cell cycle by binding to tubulin, one of the main constituents of microtubules. SUIT-2 human pancreatic cancer cell line cells overexpressing pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, were treated with colchicine. The effect of colchicine on cell death was enhanced in cells overexpressing IL-8. Moreover, the effect of colchicine on cell death was enhanced in cells overexpressing two IL-8 up-regulators, NF-κB and IL-6, but not in cells overexpressing an IL-8 down-regulator, splicing factor proline/glutamine-rich (SFPQ). Synergistic effects of IL-8 and colchicine were also observed in cells overexpressing IL-8 isoforms lacking the signal peptide. Therefore, IL-8 appeared to function as an enhancer of cell death in cancer cells treated with colchicine. The present results suggest a new role for IL-8 related to cell death of cancer cells.
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Pharmacological Inactivation of Src Family Kinases Inhibits LPS-Induced TNF-α Production in PBMC of Patients with Behçet's Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:5414369. [PMID: 27445436 PMCID: PMC4944070 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5414369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystemic chronic inflammatory disease characterized by relapsing oral and genital ulcers, uveitis, and skin lesions. The pathogenesis of BD is still unknown. Aberrant production of some cytokines/chemokines plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. Revealing a key signaling regulatory mechanism involved in proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines production is critical for understanding of the pathogenesis of BD. The aim of this study was to determine the role of Src family kinases (SFKs) in production of some LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of active BD patients. Chemical inhibition of SFKs activity impaired LPS-induced TNF-α production in PBMC of active BD patients, suggesting that modulating SFKs activity may be a potential target for BD treatment.
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Yazmalar L, Batmaz İ, Sula B, Alpaycı M, Aydın F, Türkçü F, Yıldız M, Kaplan İ, Bozkurt M, Dağlı AZ, Burkan YK, Sarıyıldız MA. Serum levels of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein and pentraxin 3 in patients with Behçet's disease and relationship with disease activity. Int J Dermatol 2015; 54:e394-400. [PMID: 26147939 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the relationship between disease activity and levels of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and pentraxin 3 in patients with Behçet's disease (BD). METHODS Forty-eight patients with BD and 29 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects were included in the study. Serum pentraxin 3 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ng/ml), and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein levels were measured using nephelometry (mg/dl). Disease activity was assessed using the BD Current Activity Form (BDCAF). RESULTS Serum alpha-1 acid glycoprotein levels were significantly higher in patients with BD compared to the control group (P = 0.048). There were no significant differences between two groups in terms of levels of pentraxin 3 (P = 0.697). According to Pearson's analysis, alpha 1-acid levels are significantly positively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and skin lesions and arthritis of BDCAF scores. Pentraxin 3 levels did not correlate with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, or any domains of BDCAF scores. CONCLUSION The results of the present study demonstrate that serum levels of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein were significantly higher in patients with BD relative to the control group. Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein is greatly associated with skin lesions and arthritis in patients with BD. We did not find high serum levels of PTX3 in patients with BD compared to healthy controls, and pentraxin 3 is not associated with disease activity in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Yazmalar
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Batmaz
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Bilal Sula
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Alpaycı
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Yüzüncüyıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Fatma Aydın
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Fatih Türkçü
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yıldız
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Kaplan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Bozkurt
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Zubeyr Dağlı
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Yahya Kemal Burkan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Memorial Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akif Sarıyıldız
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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Leung YY, Yao Hui LL, Kraus VB. Colchicine--Update on mechanisms of action and therapeutic uses. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2015; 45:341-50. [PMID: 26228647 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the literature and provide an update on the mechanisms of action and therapeutic uses of oral colchicine in arthritis and inflammatory conditions. METHODS We performed PubMed database searches through June 2014 for relevant studies in the English literature published since the last update of colchicine in 2008. Searches encompassed colchicine mechanisms of action and clinical applications in medical conditions. A total of 381 articles were reviewed. RESULTS The primary mechanism of action of colchicine is tubulin disruption. This leads to subsequent down regulation of multiple inflammatory pathways and modulation of innate immunity. Newly described mechanisms include various inhibitory effects on macrophages including the inhibition of the NACHT-LRRPYD-containing protein 3 (NALP3) inflammasome, inhibition of pore formation activated by purinergic receptors P2X7 and P2X2, and stimulation of dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation. Colchicine also has anti-fibrotic activities and various effects on endothelial function. The therapeutic use of colchicine has extended beyond gouty arthritis and familial Mediterranean fever, to osteoarthritis, pericarditis, and atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION Further understanding of the mechanisms of action underlying the therapeutic efficacy of colchicine will lead to its potential use in a variety of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ying Leung
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, The Academia, Level 4, 20 College Rd, Singapore 169856; Department of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Laura Li Yao Hui
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, The Academia, Level 4, 20 College Rd, Singapore 169856
| | - Virginia B Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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Expression of TNF-α, APRIL and BCMA in Behcet's disease. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:380405. [PMID: 25759827 PMCID: PMC4236893 DOI: 10.1155/2014/380405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is an important proinflammatory cytokine which plays an important role in the immunopathogenesis of Behcet's disease (BD). B cell activating factor (BAFF) and its homolog A proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) are members of the tumor necrosis factor family. BAFF binds to 3 receptors, B cell activating factor receptor (BAFF-R), transmembrane activator and calcium modulator ligand interactor (TACI), and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) that are expressed by B cells. OBJECTIVE Estimation of the serum levels of TNF-α, APRIL, BAFF, and BCMA in patients with BD in an effort to evaluate their degree of involvement in the pathogenesis and development of BD. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study included 30 male patients fulfilling the international study group criteria for the diagnosis of BD. Twenty age-matched healthy male volunteers served as control. Serum samples were used for quantification of TNF-α, APRIL, BCMA, BAFF, and hsCRP using ELISA techniques. RESULTS The mean serum levels of TNF-α, APRIL, BCMA, and BAFF were more elevated in cases than in controls in a statistically significant manner (P < 0.001). Positive correlation was observed between hs-CRP and BDCAF (Behcet's disease current activity forum) index (r 0.68, P < 0.001). None of the TNF family members tested was affected by a positive pathergy test. CONCLUSIONS Patients have significantly higher levels of TNF family members' (TNF-α, BAFF, APRIL, and BCMA) compared to controls which might contribute to the pathogenesis of BD.
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Taylor J, Glenny A, Walsh T, Brocklehurst P, Riley P, Gorodkin R, Pemberton MN. Interventions for the management of oral ulcers in Behçet's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:CD011018. [PMID: 25254615 PMCID: PMC6872426 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011018.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behçet's disease is a chronic inflammatory vasculitis that can affect multiple systems. Mucocutaneous involvement is common, as is the involvement of many other systems such as the central nervous system and skin. Behç̧et's disease can cause significant morbidity, such as loss of sight, and can be life threatening. The frequency of oral ulceration in Behçet's disease is thought to be 97% to 100%. The presence of mouth ulcers can cause difficulties in eating, drinking, and speaking leading to a reduction in quality of life. There is no cure for Behçet's disease and therefore treatment of the oral ulcers that are associated with Behçet's disease is palliative. OBJECTIVES To determine the clinical effectiveness and safety of interventions on the pain, episode duration, and episode frequency of oral ulcers and on quality of life for patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS)-type ulceration associated with Behçet's disease. SEARCH METHODS We undertook electronic searches of the Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register (to 4 October 2013); the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2013, Issue 9); MEDLINE via Ovid (1946 to 4 October 2013); EMBASE via Ovid (1980 to 4 October 2013); CINAHL via EBSCO (1980 to 4 October 2013); and AMED via Ovid (1985 to 4 October 2013). We searched the US National Institutes of Health trials register (http://clinicaltrials.gov) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical Trials Registry Platform for ongoing trials. There were no restrictions on language or date of publication in the searches of the electronic databases. We contacted authors when necessary to obtain additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that looked at pre-specified oral outcome measures to assess the efficacy of interventions for mouth ulcers in Behçet's disease. The oral outcome measures included pain, episode duration, episode frequency, safety, and quality of life. Trials were not restricted by outcomes alone. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS All studies meeting the inclusion criteria underwent data extraction and an assessment of risk of bias, independently by two review authors and using a pre-standardised data extraction form. We used standard methodological procedures expected by The Cochrane Collaboration. MAIN RESULTS A total of 15 trials (n = 888 randomised participants) were included, 13 were placebo controlled and three were head to head (two trials had more than two treatment arms). Eleven of the trials were conducted in Turkey, two in Japan, one in Iran and one in the UK. Most trials used the International Study Group criteria for Behçet's disease. Eleven different interventions were assessed. The interventions were grouped into two categories, topical and systemic. Only one study was assessed as being at low risk of bias. It was not possible to carry out a meta-analysis. The quality of the evidence ranged from moderate to very low and there was insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of any included intervention with regard to pain, episode duration, or episode frequency associated with oral ulcers, or safety of the interventions. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Due to the heterogeneity of trials including trial design, choice of intervention, choice and timing of outcome measures, it was not possible to carry out a meta-analysis. Several interventions show promise and future trials should be planned and reported according to the CONSORT guidelines. Whilst the primary aim of many trials for Behç̧et's disease is not necessarily reduction of oral ulceration, reporting of oral ulcers in these studies should be standardised and pre-specified in the methodology. The use of a core outcome set for oral ulcer trials would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne‐Marie Glenny
- The University of ManchesterDivision of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthJR Moore BuildingOxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PL
| | - Tanya Walsh
- The University of ManchesterDivision of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthJR Moore BuildingOxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PL
| | - Paul Brocklehurst
- Bangor UniversityNorth Wales Organisation for Randomised Trials in HealthY Wern (Normal Site)Holyhead RoadBangorUKLL57 2PZ
| | - Philip Riley
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of ManchesterCochrane Oral HealthCoupland Building 3Oxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PL
| | - Rachel Gorodkin
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustKellgren Centre for RheumatologyManchesterUK
| | - Michael N Pemberton
- The University of ManchesterDepartment of Oral MedicineDental HospitalHigher Cambridge StreetManchesterUKM15 6FH
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15
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Akkurt ZM, Bozkurt M, Uçmak D, Yüksel H, Uçak H, Sula B, Gürsel Özkurt Z, Yildiz M, Akdeniz D, Arica M. Serum Cytokine Levels in Behçet's Disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2014; 29:317-20. [PMID: 25130392 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the serum levels of various cytokines in patients with Behçet's Disease and healthy controls. METHODS Thirty-five patients with Behçet's disease and 29 age and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. The patients were separated into groups with active and inactive disease. Serum IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, and IFN-γ levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Cytokine levels of the two patient groups and healthy controls were compared using SPSS 15.0. RESULTS Ten patients with active disease and 25 patients with inactive disease were present. Serum IL-8 levels of active BD patients were higher compared to inactive patients (P = 0.048) and healthy controls (P = 0.02). IL-8 levels were correlated with the duration of symptoms (r = 0.490, P = 0.003) and time passed since diagnosis (r = 0.579, P ˂ 0.001). CONCLUSION Behçet's disease involves complex interactions of cells of the immune system, mainly T lymphocytes and neutrophils. Further studies on the cytokine profile in Behçet's disease will aid in elucidation of its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Meltem Akkurt
- Department of Dermatology, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Bozkurt
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Derya Uçmak
- Department of Dermatology, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Hatice Yüksel
- Department of Biochemistry, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Haydar Uçak
- Department of Dermatology, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Bilal Sula
- Department of Dermatology, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Gürsel Özkurt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yildiz
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Dicle Akdeniz
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Arica
- Department of Dermatology, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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16
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Barry RJ, Markandey B, Malhotra R, Knott H, Joji N, Mubin M, Denniston AK, Murray PI. Evidence-based practice in Behçet's disease: identifying areas of unmet need for 2014. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:16. [PMID: 24475935 PMCID: PMC3909356 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-9-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behçet's Disease (BD) is characterized by a relapsing-remitting course, with symptoms of varying severity across almost all organ systems. There is a diverse array of therapeutic options with no universally accepted treatment regime, and it is thus important that clinical practice is evidence-based. We reviewed all currently available literature describing management of BD, and investigated whether evidence-based practice is possible for all disease manifestations, and assessed the range of therapeutic options tested. METHODS We conducted an internet search of all literature describing management of BD up to August 2013, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. We recorded treatment options investigated and disease manifestations reported as primary and secondary study outcomes. Quality of data was assessed according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network (SIGN) hierarchy of evidence. RESULTS Whilst there is much literature describing treatment of ocular and mucocutaneous disease, there is little to guide management of rheumatoid, cardiovascular and neurological disease. This broadly reflects the prevalence of disease manifestations of BD, but not the severity. Biologic therapies are the most commonly investigated intervention. The proportion of SIGN-1 graded studies is declining, and there are no SIGN-1 graded studies investigating neurological or gastrointestinal manifestations of BD. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to investigate trends in published literature for management of BD over time. It identifies neurological, cardiovascular and gastro-intestinal disease as particular areas of unmet need and suggests that overall quality of evidence is declining. Future research should be designed to address these areas of insufficiency to facilitate evidence-based practice in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Barry
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bharat Markandey
- University of Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rahul Malhotra
- University of Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Henry Knott
- University of Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nikita Joji
- University of Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mohammed Mubin
- University of Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alastair K Denniston
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- Behçet’s Centre of Excellence, City Hospital, Sandwell & West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Phillip I Murray
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- Behçet’s Centre of Excellence, City Hospital, Sandwell & West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
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17
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Caso F, Iaccarino L, Bettio S, Ometto F, Costa L, Punzi L, Doria A. Refractory pemphigus foliaceus and Behçet's disease successfully treated with tocilizumab. Immunol Res 2014; 56:390-7. [PMID: 23572430 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-013-8411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) and Behçet's disease (BD) are immune-mediated conditions which are usually treated with corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and, when refractory, with biologic agents. In both diseases, interleukin (IL)-6 serum levels are increased driving the immune-mediated inflammatory process. Tocilizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody, targeting IL6-receptor, used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Besides the current indication, it has been recently administered to patients with refractory immune inflammatory diseases as an off-label treatment. Here, we report the case of a woman affected with PF and BD, who did not respond to corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologic agents including adalimumab, anakinra, and infliximab. A complete, long-lasting, clinical, and serological remission was achieved only with tocilizumab. To the best of our knowledge, the association between PF and BD has never been reported. Moreover, only two cases of BD and no cases of PF treated with tocilizumab have been described to date. A literature review on the use of biologic agents on patients with PF and BD was also carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Caso
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
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18
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Luo Z, Hu Y, Xin R, Zhang B, Li J, Ding X, Hou Y, Yang L, Cai K. Surface functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles with natural proteins for reduced immunotoxicity. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:3781-94. [PMID: 24288246 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) present themselves as one of the most promising nano-carriers for drug delivery. To reduce their immunotoxicities, in this study, natural proteins of gelatin (Gel), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and lysozyme (Lys) were employed as end-caps of MSNs by using succinic anhydride as an intermediate linker, thus leading to fabrication of MSNs/protein nanocomposites, respectively. Furthermore, combined techniques of SEM, TEM, FTIR, and zeta potential instruments were utilized to monitor the construction processes of MSNs/protein nanocomposites, respectively. Finally, the immunotoxicities of those nanocomposites to macrophage cells (RAW264.7 cells) were investigated in detail, i.e., cell morphology, cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and acid phosphatase activity (ACP) as well as inflammation cytokine expressions (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β). All results suggest that macrophages were activated after uptaking nanoparticles of SiO2 and MSNs, which subsequently induced severe inflammation responses in vitro. In contrast, the inflammation responses of MSNs nanocomposites were reduced dramatically after end-capping with those natural proteins. Overall, this study accumulates knowledge for the development of MSNs-based drug delivery systems with reduced immunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China; College of Material Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
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Finsterer J. Biomarkers of peripheral muscle fatigue during exercise. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2012; 13:218. [PMID: 23136874 PMCID: PMC3534479 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers of peripheral muscle fatigue (BPMFs) are used to offer insights into mechanisms of exhaustion during exercise in order to detect abnormal fatigue or to detect defective metabolic pathways. This review aims at describing recent advances and future perspectives concerning the most important biomarkers of muscle fatigue during exercise. RESULTS BPMFs are classified according to the mechanism of fatigue related to adenosine-triphosphate-metabolism, acidosis, or oxidative-metabolism. Muscle fatigue is also related to an immunological response. impaired calcium handling, disturbances in bioenergetic pathways, and genetic responses. The immunological and genetic response may make the muscle susceptible to fatigue but may not directly cause muscle fatigue. Production of BPMFs is predominantly dependent on the type of exercise. BPMFs need to change as a function of the process being monitored, be stable without appreciable diurnal variations, correlate well with exercise intensity, and be present in detectable amounts in easily accessible biological fluids. The most well-known BPMFs are serum lactate and interleukin-6. The most widely applied clinical application is screening for defective oxidative metabolism in mitochondrial disorders by means of the lactate stress test. The clinical relevance of most other BPMFs, however, is under debate, since they often depend on age, gender, physical fitness, the energy supply during exercise, the type of exercise needed to produce the BPMF, and whether healthy or diseased subjects are investigated. CONCLUSIONS Though the role of BPMFs during fatigue is poorly understood, measuring BPMFs under specific, standardised conditions appears to be helpful for assessing biological states or processes during exercise and fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Postfach 20, 1180, Vienna, Austria.
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20
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Kato Y, Yamamoto T. Serum levels of GRO-α are elevated in association with disease activity in patients with Behçet's disease. Int J Dermatol 2012; 51:286-9. [PMID: 22348563 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.04998.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the etiology of Behçet's disease (BD) is still unknown, neutrophils are implicated in its pathogenesis. Growth-related oncogene-α (GRO-α) is a potent chemoattractant and activator for neutrophils. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of GRO-α in the pathogenesis of BD, we investigated serum GRO-α levels in patients with BD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sera from patients with BD (n=57) and control subjects (n=26) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum levels of GRO-α were compared with clinical symptoms. RESULTS Patients with BD had significantly elevated serum GRO-α levels compared with healthy controls (121.7±79.2pg/ml vs. 75.9±20.6pg/ml, P<0.01). Concerning the subgroups of BD, serum GRO-α levels in active patients with BD (n=35) were significantly higher than in inactive patients with BD (n=22; 139.0±92.8 pg/ml vs. 94.3±36.2pg/ml, P<0.05). Also, as seen in previous studies, serum interleukin-8 levels in patients with BD (52.4±81.8pg/ml) were significantly higher than in controls (13.9±19.7pg/ml, P<0.01). Enhanced GRO-α levels correlated with clinical symptoms such as erythema nodosum. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that serum levels of GRO-α are elevated in patients with active stage BD, suggesting that GRO-α may serve as a reliable marker for disease activity of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Kato
- Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical School, Fukushima, Japan.
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Hibi D, Imazawa T, Kijima A, Suzuki Y, Ishii Y, Jin M, Umemura T, Nishikawa A. Investigation of carcinogenicity for levamisole administered in the diet to F344 rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:3321-6. [PMID: 20837086 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A two year carcinogenicity study of anthelmintic drug levamisole (LV) was performed using 50 male and 50 female F344 rats at dietary drug concentrations of 0, 60, or 300 ppm. The daily intakes of LV were calculated to be 2.6, 12.9 mg/kg b.w./day for males and 2.9, 14.1mg/kg b.w./day for females, respectively. No significant differences in general condition and survival rate (82%, 74%, 80% in males and 84%, 84%, 84% in females, respectively) were observed. In the 300 ppm group, suppression of body weight gain was observed from the onset of treatment and reduction in final body weights was 6% in males and 11% in females. Significant increases in the absolute and/or relative weights of the lungs, heart, spleen, liver, kidneys, and adrenals were observed in males and/or females treated with 300 ppm. Some of high incidences neoplasms were observed, and there were also tendencies to increase for mammary gland fibroma and thoracic/abdominal cavity mesothelioma in males. However, there were no significant inter-group differences in incidences, histopathological types or differences compared with historical control data. Thus, it was concluded that LV was not carcinogenic to male and female F344 rats under the experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hibi
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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