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Koivikko T, Rodrigues PC, Vehviläinen M, Hyvönen P, Sundquist E, Arffman RK, Al-Samadi A, Välimaa H, Salo T, Risteli M. Detection of herpes simplex virus in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1182152. [PMID: 37234716 PMCID: PMC10208399 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1182152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is the most common cancer of the oral cavity. Contradictory results have been observed on the involvement of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Here, we aimed to study the predominance of HSV-1 or HSV-2 in oral HSV infections and to investigate the presence of HSV-1 in OTSCC and its effect on carcinoma cell viability and invasion. Methods: The distribution of HSV types one and two in diagnostic samples taken from suspected oral HSV infections was determined from the Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory database. We then analysed 67 OTSCC samples for HSV-1 infection using immunohistochemical staining. We further tested the effects of HSV-1 using six concentrations (0.00001-1.0 multiplicity of infection [MOI]) on viability and two concentrations (0.001 and 0.1 MOI) on invasion of highly invasive metastatic HSC-3 and less invasive primary SCC-25 OTSCC cell lines using MTT and Myogel-coated Transwell invasion assays. Results: Altogether 321 oropharyngeal samples were diagnosed positive for HSV during the study period. HSV-1 was the predominant (97.8%) HSV type compared with HSV-2 (detected in 2.2% of samples). HSV-1 was also detected in 24% of the OTSCC samples and had no association with patient survival or recurrence. OTSCC cells were viable even after 6 days with low viral load (0.00001, 0.0001, 0.001 MOI) of HSV-1. In both cell lines, 0.001 MOI did not affect cell invasion. However, 0.1 MOI significantly reduced cell invasion in HSC-3 cells. Discussion: HSV-1 infection is predominant compared with HSV-2 in the oral cavity. HSV-1 is detected in OTSCC samples without clinical significance, and OTSCC cell survival or invasion was not affected at low doses of HSV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Koivikko
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Priscila Campioni Rodrigues
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mari Vehviläinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petra Hyvönen
- Department of Health and Social Management, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Finnish Student Health Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elias Sundquist
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riikka K. Arffman
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ahmed Al-Samadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Välimaa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUSLAB, Department of Virology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Salo
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUSLAB, Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Risteli
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Okerosi S, Mokoh LW, Rubagumya F, Niyibizi BA, Nkya A, Van Loon K, Buckle G, Bent S, Ha P, Fagan JJ, Ng D, Aswani J, Xu MJ. Human Papillomavirus-Associated Head and Neck Malignancies in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review. JCO Glob Oncol 2023; 9:e2200259. [PMID: 36730877 PMCID: PMC10166441 DOI: 10.1200/go.22.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The proportion of head and neck cancers (HNCs) with human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is poorly characterized. Characterizing this has implications in staging, prognosis, resource allocation, and vaccination policies. This study aims to determine the proportion of HPV-associated HNC in SSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS This systematic review included searches from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online. All English publications reporting the proportion of HNC specimens from SSA patients who tested positive for HPV and/or p16 were included. Study quality was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Case Series Studies. RESULTS In this systematic review of 31 studies and 3,850 patients, the overall p16 positivity was 13.6% (41 of 1,037 patients tested) with the highest proportion among oropharyngeal cancers (20.3%, 78 of 384 patients) and the overall HPV polymerase chain reaction positivity was 15.3% (542 of 3,548 samples tested) with the highest proportion among nasopharyngeal cancers (16.5%, 23 of 139 patients). Among the 369 HPV strains detected, the most common genotypes were HPV 16 (226 patients, 59.2%) and HPV 18 (78, 20.4%). CONCLUSION HPV was found to be associated with a significant proportion of HNC in SSA. The genotypes reported suggest that the nine-valent vaccine and gender-neutral vaccination policies should be considered. Given that these studies may not accurately capture prevalence nor causation of HPV in HNC subsites, additional research is needed to provide a more thorough epidemiologic understanding of HPV-associated HNC in SSA, including risk factors and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Okerosi
- ENT, Kenyatta National Hospital, ENT Department, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Fidel Rubagumya
- Department of Oncology, Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda.,Rwanda Cancer Relief, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | - Aslam Nkya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Muhimibili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Katherine Van Loon
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Geoffrey Buckle
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Stephen Bent
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Patrick Ha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Johannes J Fagan
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dianna Ng
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Joyce Aswani
- Department of Surgery, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mary Jue Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Payaradka R, Ramesh PS, Vyas R, Patil P, Rajendra VK, Kumar M, Shetty V, Devegowda D. Oncogenic viruses as etiological risk factors for head and neck cancers: An overview on prevalence, mechanism of infection and clinical relevance. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 143:105526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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4
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Stasiewicz M, Karpiński TM. The oral microbiota and its role in carcinogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:633-642. [PMID: 34743032 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, cancer continues to be a major global health concern. In recent years, the role played by microorganisms in the development and progression of cancer has come under increased scrutiny. The aim of the present review is to highlight the main associations between members of the human oral microbiota and various cancers. The PubMed database was searched for available literature to outline the current state of understanding regarding the role of the oral microbiota and a variety of human cancers. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is associated with carriage of a number of oral bacteria (e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus sp.), certain viruses (e.g., human papilloma virus, human herpes virus 8, herpes simplex virus 1 and Epstein-Barr virus) and yeast (Candida albicans). Moreover, members of the oral microbiota are associated with cancers of the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, colon/rectum and lung. Furthermore, the present review outlines a number of the carcinogenic mechanisms underlying the presented microbial associations with cancer. Such information may one day help clinicians to diagnose neoplastic diseases at earlier stages and prescribe treatments that take into account the possible microbial nature of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Stasiewicz
- Research Group of Medical Microbiology, Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Tomasz M Karpiński
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland.
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Gebril MAB, Mukhtar WNO, Elhassan MMA, Mahmoud I. Incidence Characteristics and Histological Types of Head and Neck Cancer among Adults in Central Sudan: A Retrospective Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13814. [PMID: 36360694 PMCID: PMC9656960 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are prevalent in Sudan, but the reasons for this and the incidence of different types of HNCs are not well understood. A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted to provide baseline data on the epidemiology of HNCs among patients treated at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in central Sudan. All cancer cases from 2016 to 2020 were retrieved from the NCI records. Of the 9475 new cancer patients who were registered at the NCI during the study period, 1033 (11%) had HNCs, of whom 767 (74.2%) were adults. The mean age of the adult patients was 54.5 years (standard deviation 15.8) and 449 (58.5%) patients were male. The annual incidence in adults was 4/105 population. The most common HNC sites were the nasopharynx (25.3%), hypopharynx (22.8%), and oral cavity (22.2%). Carcinoma was the most common diagnosis (87.6%), followed by lymphoma (5.6%). Most patients' tumors were at a locally advanced (22%) or metastatic stage (47%) of HNCs at the time of presentation. Further studies to identify risk factors for HNCs, particularly for the most prevalent types in central Sudan, are needed. In addition, Sudan requires capacity building for cancer, including a national cancer registry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wail Nuri Osman Mukhtar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Wad Medani P.O. Box 20, Sudan
| | | | - Ibrahim Mahmoud
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Yang G, Wei L, Thong BKS, Fu Y, Cheong IH, Kozlakidis Z, Li X, Wang H, Li X. A Systematic Review of Oral Biopsies, Sample Types, and Detection Techniques Applied in Relation to Oral Cancer Detection. BIOTECH 2022; 11:5. [PMID: 35822813 PMCID: PMC9245907 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Early identification of the stage of oral cancer development can lead to better treatment outcomes and avoid malignant transformation. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview that describes the development of standardized procedures for oral sample collection, characterization, and molecular risk assessment. This can help investigators to choose the appropriate sampling method and downstream analyses for different purposes. Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Using both PubMed and Web of Science databases, four independent authors conducted a literature search between 15 and 21 June 2021. We used key search terms to broaden the search for studies. Non-conforming articles were removed using an EndNote-based and manual approach. Reviewers used a designed form to extract data. Results: This review included a total of 3574 records, after eliminating duplicate articles and excluding papers that did not meet the inclusion criteria. Finally, 202 articles were included in this review. We summarized the sampling methods, biopsy samples, and downstream analysis. The biopsy techniques were classified into tissue and liquid biopsy. The common sequential analysis of tissue biopsy includes histopathological examination such as H&E or IHC to identify various pathogenic features. Meanwhile, liquid samples such as saliva, blood, and urine are analyzed for the purpose of screening to detect mutations in cancer. Commonly used technologies are PCR, RT-PCR, high-throughput sequencing, and metabolomic analysis. Conclusions: Currently, tissue biopsies provide increased diagnostic value compared to liquid biopsy. However, the minimal invasiveness and convenience of liquid biopsy make it a suitable method for mass screening and eventual clinical adoption. The analysis of samples includes histological and molecular analysis. Metabolite analysis is rising but remains scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (G.Y.); (L.W.); (B.K.S.T.); (Y.F.); (I.H.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Luqi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (G.Y.); (L.W.); (B.K.S.T.); (Y.F.); (I.H.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Benjamin K. S. Thong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (G.Y.); (L.W.); (B.K.S.T.); (Y.F.); (I.H.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (G.Y.); (L.W.); (B.K.S.T.); (Y.F.); (I.H.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Io Hong Cheong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (G.Y.); (L.W.); (B.K.S.T.); (Y.F.); (I.H.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69372 Lyon, France;
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (G.Y.); (L.W.); (B.K.S.T.); (Y.F.); (I.H.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (G.Y.); (L.W.); (B.K.S.T.); (Y.F.); (I.H.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (G.Y.); (L.W.); (B.K.S.T.); (Y.F.); (I.H.C.); (X.L.)
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Brown SH, States VAR, Afghan AK, Satyanarayana G. Herpes simplex virus-infected squamous cell carcinoma: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:25. [PMID: 34983425 PMCID: PMC8725569 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06995-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 is a highly prevalent, non-oncogenic virus that has higher morbidity in immunocompromised hosts. Its most common clinical manifestation is superficial ulceration of the integument or mucus membranes. CASE PRESENTATION A 65-year-old woman with a history of acute myelogenous leukemia treated with allogenic peripheral blood stem cell transplant presented for resection of an ulcerated buccal squamous cell carcinoma. We report a case of HSV-1-infected malignant cells discovered on histopathological examination of the carcinoma specimen ultimately treated with valacyclovir. CONCLUSIONS HSV-1 is not considered an oncogenic virus itself but may increase risk of malignant progression. Cancer cells are vulnerable to superimposed viral infections, including HSV-1, which likely led to the findings in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Brown
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Ave S #D3300, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Vanessa A R States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Abaseen K Afghan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, VUMC, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gowri Satyanarayana
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, VUMC, Nashville, TN, USA
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8
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Abstract
Human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world and had been linked to both anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. It causes nearly 100% of cervical cancers and an increasing portion of oropharyngeal cancers. The geographical burden of cervical HPV infection and associated cancers is not uniform and is mainly found in low middle income countries in South America, Africa, and Asia. However, HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer is rapidly becoming more prevalent in high middle income countries. With the development of vaccines which prevent HPV infection, the World Health Organization has designated the extirpation of HPV and its associated cancers a priority. Countries that have implemented adequate vaccine programs have shown a decrease in HPV prevalence. Understanding the epidemiology of HPV and its associated cancers is fundamental in improving vaccine programs and other health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Scott-Wittenborn
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Carole Fakhry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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Erira AT, Navarro AFR, Robayo DAG. Human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and Candida albicans co-infection in oral leukoplakia with different degrees of dysplasia. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:914-923. [PMID: 34101999 PMCID: PMC8543472 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and Candida albicans in oral leukoplakia with different degrees of dysplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed using 30 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from patients with clinical suspicion of leukoplakia and confirmed diagnosis of oral dysplasia. Histological analyses were performed by two pathologists (interobserver) and dysplasias were classified as mild, moderate, or severe. Conventional PCR was used to detect HPV and EBV viruses and C. albicans. To determine the association between each microorganism with different degrees of dysplasia a Chi-square test was employed. RESULTS The tongue was the most common site for leukoplakias (71.4%) in females with a mean age of 50 years (ranging between 30 to 50 years old; 57.1%). EBV was the most frequently detected (73.3%), followed by HPV (43.3%), mainly of type 16 (40%), and C. albicans (23.3%). Significant differences were observed between degrees of dysplasia and HPV presence (p = 0.005). In lesions positive for HPV, EBV, and C. albicans the most frequent histological changes were hyperkeratosis, irregular interpapillary ridges, and loss of basal stratum cell polarity. CONCLUSION Co-infection with human papillomavirus, Epstein Barr virus, and Candida albicans in oral leukoplakia could be associated with dysplastic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alveiro T Erira
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Dabeiba Adriana García Robayo
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontológicas - Facultad de Odontología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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de Lima MAP, Cavalcante RB, da Silva CGL, Nogueira RLM, Macedo GEC, de Galiza LE, Pinheiro JV, Maia Filho PHB, Santos SF, Rabenhorst SHB. Evaluation of HPV and EBV in OSCC and the expression of p53, p16, E-cadherin, COX-2, MYC, and MLH1. Oral Dis 2021; 28:1104-1122. [PMID: 33660890 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the expression of p53, p16, E-cadherin, COX-2, MLH1, and MYC in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred OSCC specimens were submitted to in situ hybridization for HPV and EBV, and immunohistochemistry for detection of the human proteins. RESULTS Thirty-one cases showed HPV in tumor tissue. EBV was not detected in any case investigated. The HPV(+) group demonstrated an increase of staining scores for nuclear p16 (p = .047), cytoplasmic MYC (p = .002), while a decrease for nuclear MLH1 (p = .048), suggesting that HPV may upregulate the expression of the first two proteins and down-regulate the latter. CONCLUSION Our findings reinforce the hypothesis of the HPV-related oral carcinogenesis involving the expression of p16 and MYC, and MLH1 suppression. Exclusively cytoplasmic stainings for p16, MLH1, and MYC were also associated with more advanced tumors. Finally, in view of the lack of studies correlating the HPV or EBV infection to the expression of oncoproteins, more researches assessing a broader panel of markers and employing different approaches are still necessary in order to understand the role of these viruses as well as the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of oral carcinomas.
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11
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Vanshika S, Preeti A, Sumaira Q, Vijay K, Shikha T, Shivanjali R, Shankar SU, Mati GM. Incidence OF HPV and EBV in oral cancer and their clinico-pathological correlation- a pilot study of 108 cases. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2021; 11:180-184. [PMID: 33598395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Out of all non-communicable diseases, cancer is the leading cause of death in the 21st century. Oral cancer ranks in top ten cancers in the world and oncogenic viruses contribute to its development and are a major preventable risk factor for it. Material and methods In the present study we intend to find the incidence of HPV and EBV by PCR in 108 sporadic oral cancer patients and study the clinico-pathological variables in agreement to their presence or absence. Results We found that the incidence of EBV in oral cancer is much higher (30/108; 27.8%) than HPV 16 (14/108; 13%) and, a complete absence of HPV 18 (0/108) was reported by real time PCR. Co-infection by EBV and HPV was reported in 5.6% cases (6/108). However, on comparing this data with the corresponding clinico-pathological cofactors (age, gender, grade of tumour, tumour size, nodal status, metastasis, DOI, TIL, ENE) it was found that there was no statistical significance between the two. Conclusion Hence, we conclude that these oncogenic viruses are independent cofactors to oral cancer development and none of the clinico-morphologic variable is associated with the viral etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahi Vanshika
- Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Agarwal Preeti
- Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Qayoom Sumaira
- Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Kumar Vijay
- Department of Surgical Oncology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Tewari Shikha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Medanta Hospital, Lucknow, UP, India
| | | | - Singh Uma Shankar
- Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Goel Madhu Mati
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Medanta Hospital, Lucknow, UP, India
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12
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Bijina BR, Ahmed J, Shenoy N, Ongole R, Shenoy S, Baliga S. Detection of human papilloma virus in potentially malignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity and a study of associated risk factors. South Asian J Cancer 2020; 5:179-181. [PMID: 28032082 PMCID: PMC5184752 DOI: 10.4103/2278-330x.195337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is the 6th most frequently occurring cancer worldwide, with over 400,000 cases projected annually. Multiple factors such as tobacco, alcohol, irradiation, virus, and chronic irritants are involved in the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). The most important risk factors are chronic exposure to tobacco and alcohol. Although the evidence that implicates virus is increasing, particularly (human papillomavirus [HPV]), in the carcinogenesis process, the role of virus is not well established. Aim and Objective: This study is designed to assess the presence of HPV in potentially malignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity as well as to correlate the presence of HPV with addictive habits and histopathological grading of the disease. Materials and Methods: Biopsy samples of OSCC and potentially malignant lesions were obtained and 3, 5 μm thickness sections were cut using a microtome. The sections were collected using a sterile brush and transferred to an Eppendorf tube. DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction for the detection of HPV were done. Results and Conclusion: The association between histopathological grading and presence of HPV was assessed using Chi-square test and the values thus obtained were found to be statistically significant. HPV was more predominantly seen in well-differentiated carcinomas and moderately differentiated carcinomas as compared to poorly differentiated carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Bijina
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Junaid Ahmed
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nandita Shenoy
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravikiran Ongole
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Suchitra Shenoy
- Department of Microbiology, KMC Mangalore, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Srikala Baliga
- Department of Microbiology, KMC Mangalore, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Human Papillomavirus in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010045. [PMID: 33561073 PMCID: PMC7796014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The causative role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) remains unclear and is hindered by small studies using variable HPV detection techniques. This meta-analysis aims to provide an updated overview of HPV prevalence in SNSCC stratified by detection method, anatomic subsite, and geographic region. From 60 eligible studies, an overall HPV prevalence was estimated at 26%. When stratified by detection method, HPV prevalence was lower when using multiple substrate testing compared to single substrate testing. Anatomic subsite HPV prevalence was higher in subsites with high exposure to secretion flow compared to low exposure subsites. HPV prevalence in SNSCC followed the global distribution of HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Taken together, this meta-analysis further supports a role for HPV in a subset of SNSCCs. Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) drives tumorigenesis in a subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) and is increasing in prevalence across the world. Mounting evidence suggests HPV is also involved in a subset of sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas (SNSCC), yet small sample sizes and variability of HPV detection techniques in existing literature hinder definitive conclusions. A systematic review was performed by searching literature through March 29th 2020 using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection databases. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed by two authors independently. A meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model. Sixty studies (n = 1449) were eligible for statistical analysis estimating an overall HPV prevalence of 25.5% (95% CI 20.7–31.0). When stratified by HPV detection method, prevalence with multiple substrate testing (20.5%, 95% CI 14.5–28.2) was lower than with single substrate testing (31.7%, 95% CI 23.6–41.1), highest in high-exposure anatomic subsites (nasal cavity and ethmoids) (37.6%, 95% CI 26.5–50.2) vs. low-exposure (15.1%, 95% CI 7.3–28.6) and highest in high HPV+ OPSCC prevalence geographic regions (North America) (30.9%, 95% CI 21.9–41.5) vs. low (Africa) (13.1, 95% CI 6.5–24.5)). While small sample sizes and variability in data cloud firm conclusions, here, we provide a new reference point prevalence for HPV in SNSCC along with orthogonal data supporting a causative role for virally driven tumorigenesis, including that HPV is more commonly found in sinonasal subsites with increased exposure to refluxed oropharyngeal secretions and in geographic regions where HPV+ OPSCC is more prevalent.
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Co-presence of human papillomaviruses and Epstein-Barr virus is linked with advanced tumor stage: a tissue microarray study in head and neck cancer patients. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:361. [PMID: 32774155 PMCID: PMC7397600 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), known oncoviruses, can be co-present and cooperate in the initiation and/or progression of human carcinomas, including head and neck. Based on this fact, we recently reported the prevalence of both HPVs and EBV in cervical and breast cancers. Methods We herein explore for the first time the co-prevalence of high-risk HPVs and EBV in 98 head and neck (HN) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tissues from Bosnian patients using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis, as well as tissue microarray methodology. Results The majority of these cancer tissue cases were from the oral cavity (68%). We found that high-risk HPVs and EBV are co-present in 34.7% of the SCC samples; with a significant correlation between the various HPV types and EBV co-incidence (p = 0.03). Our data showed that 30.8% of oral SCCs are positive for E6 oncoprotein of high-risk HPVs and 44.6% are positive for LMP1 of EBV. The most commonly expressed HPVs in our HNSCC samples include HPV types 16, 18, 45 and 58. Additionally, 37.5% of oral SCCs are positive for both HPVs and EBV, with statistically significant association between high-risk HPV types and EBV (p < 0.05). More importantly, our data revealed that the co-presence of HPV and EBV is strongly correlated with advanced tumor stage (p = 0.035). Conclusion In this study we show that HPV and EBV oncoviruses are co-present in HNSCC, particularly in oral cancer, where they can cooperate in the initiation and/or progression of this cancer. Thus, further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism of this cooperation.
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15
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Herpesviruses in Head and Neck Cancers. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020172. [PMID: 32028641 PMCID: PMC7077226 DOI: 10.3390/v12020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers arise in the mucosa lining the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, sinonasal tract, and nasopharynx. The etiology of head and neck cancers is complex and involves many factors, including the presence of oncogenic viruses. These types of cancers are among the most common cancers in the world. Thorough knowledge of the pathogenesis of viral infections is needed to fully understand their impact on cancer development.
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16
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Sallam M, Al-Fraihat E, Dababseh D, Yaseen A, Taim D, Zabadi S, Hamdan AA, Hassona Y, Mahafzah A, Şahin GÖ. Dental students' awareness and attitudes toward HPV-related oral cancer: a cross sectional study at the University of Jordan. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:171. [PMID: 31370845 PMCID: PMC6670240 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of human papilloma virus (HPV)-related oral cancer has recently increased worldwide. The role of dentists is of prime importance in the early detection of oral cancer which would result in a favourable outcome for the patients. The aim of the current study was to assess the knowledge, awareness and attitudes of dental students, interns and postgraduate maxillofacial residents at the University of Jordan (UJ) to different aspects of oral cancer, particularly those related to HPV. METHODS A paper-based survey was conducted at UJ among all pre-clinical dental students (pre-clinical group), clinical dental students, interns and postgraduate maxillofacial residents (clinical group). The survey included five sections comprising 29 items. The sections included questions investigating oral cancer knowledge, oral cancer screening, HPV knowledge and the ability to discuss personal topics with patients. RESULTS A total of 376 respondents out of 1052 potential participants completed at least one item of the survey (study coverage of 35.7%). Among the study participants, the pre-clinical group represented 41.2% (n = 155) and the clinical group represented 58.8% (n = 221). The majority of participants in the clinical group showed better knowledge on oral cancer potential anatomic sites, clinical presentation and possible risk factors compared to the pre-clinical group. Most participants in the clinical group (n = 195, 88.2%) correctly identified HPV as a risk factor for oral cancer development. The majority of participants in the clinical group displayed suitable attitude towards oral cancer screening despite their desire for a reliable screening device and additional training in oral cancer screening. A number of limitations in basic knowledge about HPV was noticed among participants in the clinical group particularly related to unawareness of the vaccine availability. The majority of participants in the clinical group displayed hesitancy in discussing personal topics with the patients, including the history of previous sexually transmitted infections and sexual abuse. CONCLUSIONS Gaps in knowledge regarding HPV-related oral cancer has been detected which necessitate intervention measures including curricular changes, training workshops and awareness campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Sallam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. .,Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Queen Rania Al-Abdullah Street-Aljubeiha/P.O. Box: (13046), Amman, Jordan. .,Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Esraa Al-Fraihat
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Queen Rania Al-Abdullah Street-Aljubeiha/P.O. Box: (13046), Amman, Jordan
| | - Deema Dababseh
- School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Alaa' Yaseen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Duaa Taim
- School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Seraj Zabadi
- School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmad A Hamdan
- School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazan Hassona
- School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Azmi Mahafzah
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Queen Rania Al-Abdullah Street-Aljubeiha/P.O. Box: (13046), Amman, Jordan
| | - Gülşen Özkaya Şahin
- Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Sharma U, Singhal P, Bandil K, Patle R, Kumar A, Neyaz K, Bose S, Kumar Dewan A, Mehrotra R, Sharma V, Bharadwaj M. Genetic variations of TLRs and their association with HPV/EBV, co-infection along with nicotine exposure in the development of premalignant/malignant lesions of the oral cavity in Indian population. Cancer Epidemiol 2019; 61:38-49. [PMID: 31129425 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite being most preventable malignancies associated with smoked and smokeless tobacco products, squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity is one of the most common malignancy in India. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of TLRs in oral pre-cancerous, cancerous cases and their genotypic correlation with HPV/EBV, co-infection & lifestyle habits in Indian population. METHODS The present study was conducted on 300 subjects (100 OSCC, 50 pre-cancer & 150 controls). The amplification of TLRs gene and HPV/EBV co-infection was assessed by Nested PCR, PCR-RFLP and further confirmation by direct sequencing. RESULTS The TLR 9(-1486 T/C), revealed that the TT vs. CT + CC genotype had a ˜5-fold increased risk for the development of pre-cancerous lesions as compared to controls (p = 0.0001). Further analysis showed that the risk of cancer was extremely pronounced in HPV/EBV, co-infection (p = 0.0141), implicating the possible interaction between TLR 9(-1486T/C) genotype and HPV infection in increasing cancer/pre-cancer risk. The 'G' allele of TLR 4(+896A/G) was also a higher risk of developing pre-cancerous lesions with 4.5 fold and statistically significant (p = 0.0001). The genotypic association of TLR 9(-1486T/C) in OSMF cases showed ˜8 fold increased risk and TLR 4(+896A/G) showed fourteen fold higher risk for leukoplakia (p < 0.0001, OR = 14.000). CONCLUSION Genetic polymorphism of TLR 9(-1486 T/C) and TLR 4(+896A/G) may influence the effects of HPV/EBV, co-infection and play the significant role in development of the disease. The significance of these TLRs seemed to be enhanced by tobacco chewing and smoking habits also, which act as an important etiological risk factor for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upma Sharma
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pallavi Singhal
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India
| | - Kapil Bandil
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India
| | - Rajeshwar Patle
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India; National Institute of Biologicals, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kausar Neyaz
- Human Diagnostics R & D, DSS Imagetech Private Limited, New Delhi, India
| | - Surojit Bose
- Awadh Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Dewan
- Department of Surgical Oncology & Department of Research, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India
| | - Veena Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India.
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18
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Okada R, Ito T, Nomura F, Kirimura S, Cho Y, Sekine M, Tateishi Y, Ariizumi Y, Asakage T. The quantitative analysis of the human papillomavirus DNA load in submandibular gland lesions with droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. Acta Otolaryngol 2019; 139:105-110. [PMID: 30714463 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2018.1562215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) and tumorigenesis of salivary gland remains controversial. OBJECTIVES This study explored the relationship between HPV and salivary gland lesions as well as that of the HPV infection status and p16INK4A immunoreactivity. The HPV DNA loads were also quantitatively evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue samples from 31 submandibular gland lesions were evaluated. p16INK4A immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing, and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) were performed. RESULTS Non-neoplastic lesion, benign tumors, and malignant tumors were noted in 9, 16, 6 cases, respectively. p16INK4A immunoreactivity was higher in malignant tumors than in benign tumors (50.0% vs. 6.3%). Single PCR with MY09/11 found that all samples were negative. Nevertheless, nested PCR revealed a high HPV-DNA positivity rate of 96.8%. No relationship between the HPV status and p16INK4A immunoreactivity was shown. HPV-18 was the only subtype identified in this study. ddPCR showed significantly lower HPV-18 DNA loads in submandibular gland lesions than in oropharyngeal cancers. CONCLUSIONS HPV-DNA positivity and p16INK4A-immunoreactivity were not correlated in submandibular gland lesions. The loads of HPV DNA detected in this study were small. HPV positivity therefore may not be associated with tumorigenesis of the submandibular gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuhei Okada
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Taku Ito
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Fuminori Nomura
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Susumu Kirimura
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Cho
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Masaki Sekine
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yumiko Tateishi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ariizumi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Takahiro Asakage
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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20
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Faggons CE, Mabedi CE, Liomba NG, Funkhouser WK, Chimzimu F, Kampani C, Krysiak R, Msiska N, Shores CG, Gopal S. Human papillomavirus in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A descriptive study of histologically confirmed cases at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. Malawi Med J 2018; 29:142-145. [PMID: 28955422 PMCID: PMC5610285 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v29i2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is common in sub-Saharan Africa, but the aetiologic contribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) is not well established. Methods We assessed HNSCC cases for HPV using p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in Malawi. Associations between p16 IHC and tumour site, behavioural risk factors, demographic characteristics, and HIV status were examined. Results From 2010 to 2014, 77 HNSCC cases were identified. Mean age was 52 years, 50 cases (65%) were male, and 48 (62%) were in the oropharynx (OP) or oral cavity (OC). HIV status was known for 35 patients (45%), with 5 (14%) HIV-infected. Substance use was known for 40 patients (52%), with 38% reporting any tobacco and 31% any alcohol. Forty-two cases (55%) had adequate tissue for p16 IHC, of which seven (17%) were positive, including 22% of OP/OC tumours. Conclusions Despite high cervical cancer burden, HPV-associated HNSCC is not very common in Malawi
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles E Mabedi
- Department of Surgery, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - William K Funkhouser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nelson Msiska
- Department of Surgery, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Carol G Shores
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolinea, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Satish Gopal
- UNC Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
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21
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Coinfection with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and Polyoma BK Virus (BKPyV) in Laryngeal, Oropharyngeal and Oral Cavity Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122752. [PMID: 29257122 PMCID: PMC5751351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most research providing evidence for the role of oncogenic viruses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) development is focused on one type of virus without analyzing possible interactions between two or more types of viruses. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of co-infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and polyoma BK virus (BKPyV) in oral, oropharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas in Polish patients. The correlations between viral infection, SCC, demographic parameters, evidence of metastases and grading were also investigated. Fresh-frozen tumour tissue samples were collected from 146 patients with laryngeal, oropharyngeal and oral cancer. After DNA extraction, the DNA of the studied viruses was detected using polymerase chain rection (PCR) assay. Males (87.7%) with a history of smoking (70.6%) and alcohol abuse (59.6%) prevailed in the studied group. Histological type G2 was recognized in 64.4% cases. The patients were most frequently diagnosed with T2 stage (36.3%) and with N1 stage (45.8%). Infection with at least two viruses was detected in 56.2% of patients. In this group, co-infection with HPV/EBV was identified in 34.1% of cases, EBV/BKV in 23.2%, HPV/BKV in 22.0%, and HPV/EBV/BKV in 20.7%. No difference of multiple infection in different locations of cancer was observed. The prevalence of poorly differentiated tumours (G3) was more frequent in co-infection with all three viruses than EBV or BKV alone. A significant correlation was observed between tumour dimensions (T) and lymph-node involvement (N) in co-infected patients compared to single infection. Further studies are necessary to clarify whether co-infection plays an important role in the initiation and/or progression of oncogenic transformation of oral, oropharyngeal and laryngeal epithelial cells.
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Hille J, Johnson NW. The burden of oral cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ORAL ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2057178x17721094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jos Hille
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, University of the Western Cape, and National Health Laboratories, Tygerberg Laboratories, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Newell W Johnson
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW As patients with HIV infection are living longer with their disease, we have seen the evolution of skin cancer in this population. Cancer registries have not documented the incidence and prevalence of these cancers but we do have relevant data from cohorts. This article attempts to bring to light the extent to which skin cancer is an issue in HIV disease both domestically and internationally. RECENT FINDINGS Squamous cell cancer is increasing in incidence in the United States and elsewhere. The anatomic locations of skin cancer vary according to demographics, host factors, and environment. In this review, squamous cell cancer will be contrasted to the other skin cancers namely, melanoma, and basal cell cancers. SUMMARY As our HIV population ages, clinicians should be informed as to the relevant risk factors for development of skin cancer. With the increasing incidence of these cancers in the modern era of HIV, clinicians and researchers will be informed with regard to prevention and treatment strategies.
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Burassakarn A, Pientong C, Sunthamala N, Chuerduangphui J, Vatanasapt P, Patarapadungkit N, Kongyingyoes B, Ekalaksananan T. Aberrant gene promoter methylation of E-cadherin, p16 INK4a , p14 ARF , and MGMT in Epstein–Barr virus-associated oral squamous cell carcinomas. Med Oncol 2017; 34:128. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-0983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Majumdar B, Sarode SC, Sarode GS, Patil S. Etiologic Association between Epstein-Barr Virus and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Brief Evidence-based Discussion. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18:261-264. [PMID: 28349901 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpes virus-4, belongs to the γ-subfamily of herpes viruses.1 Nearly 90 to 95% of the world's adult population is an asymptomatic carrier of EBV.1-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnali Majumdar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Bhojia Dental College & Hospital, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gargi S Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, e-mail:
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Kujan O, Farah CS, Johnson NW. Oral and oropharyngeal cancer in the Middle East and North Africa. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ORAL ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2057178x17698480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Kujan
- School of Dentistry, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hama University, Hama, Syria
| | - Camile S Farah
- School of Dentistry, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research and Education, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Newell W Johnson
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
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Reddy SS, Sharma S, Mysorekar V. Expression of Epstein-Barr virus among oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinomas in the South Indian tobacco-chewing population. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 46:454-459. [PMID: 27704636 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer is the sixth most common malignancy in the world. Viruses are the causative agents of approximately 10-15% of all cancers worldwide (Cancers, 6, 2014 and 2155). The tumorigenic roles of Epstein-Barr virus in oral cancer are unclear. Literature search results are conflicting and dependent on various factors such as geographical/regional variations, sociocultural lifestyles, dietary habits, chewing/smoking tobacco habit. This study is the first original observation about frequency of Epstein-Barr virus among South Indian tobacco-chewing patients to elucidate its involvement in oral carcinogenesis and to know whether this can be a valuable diagnostic and prognostic indicator. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total number of 75 tobacco chewer subjects aged between 23 and 76 years with histopathologically confirmed oral potentially malignant disorders (25), oral squamous cell carcinoma (25), and age-matched healthy controls (25) formed the study group. Immunohistochemical expression of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 was assessed among cases and healthy controls. RESULTS Out of the total 75 subjects, six subjects (8%) were positive for Epstein-Barr virus antigen and 69 subjects (92%) negative. The antigen positivity was observed among two cases of moderately differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma, two cases of leukoplakia, and two healthy controls. CONCLUSION No significant association between Epstein-Barr virus positivity was observed among oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma among South Indian tobacco-chewing patients. This can be partially explained by the methodology employed, by the patient population analyzed and different habits in various geographical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha S Reddy
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, M. S. Ramaiah Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, M. S. Ramaiah Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijaya Mysorekar
- Department of Pathology, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Mokhtari M, Beiraghdar M. Evaluation of the prevalence of herpes simplex-1 infection in oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens in Alzahra and Kashani Hospitals with polymerase chain reaction method in 2012-2013. Adv Biomed Res 2015; 4:173. [PMID: 26605212 PMCID: PMC4617011 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.163996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although tobacco, alcohol abuse are well-recognized risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), there is evidence to indicate that herpes simplex virus (HSV) may also play some inducing role. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of HSV in Iranian patients with OSCC using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Materials and Methods: Biopsies of OSCC were obtained from 60 patients, 54 males and 6 females, aged between 36 and 80 years old. Paraffin-embedded, histologically confirmed specimens were analyzed for the presence of HSV DNA using PCR. Results: Only three samples (5%) was positive, suggesting that HSV may not play an important role in this group of patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of HSV-1 positive sample in this study was 5%. It shows that HSV-1 has no important role in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Mokhtari
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Beiraghdar
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Jalouli MM, Jalouli J, Hasséus B, Öhman J, Hirsch JM, Sand L. Nested PCR for detection of HSV-1 in oral mucosa. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2015; 20:e664-9. [PMID: 26449432 PMCID: PMC4670245 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.20630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been estimated that 15%-20% of human tumours are driven by infection and inflammation, and viral infections play an important role in malignant transformation. The evidence that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) could be involved in the aetiology of oral cancer varies from weak to persuasive.
This study aimed to investigate by nested PCR (NPCR) the prevalence of HSV-1 in samples from normal oral mucosa, oral leukoplakia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Material and Methods We investigated the prevalence of HSV-1 in biopsies obtained from 26 fresh, normal oral mucosa from healthy volunteers as well as 53 oral leukoplakia and 27 OSCC paraffin-embedded samples. DNA was extracted from the specimens and investigated for the presence of HSV-1 by nested polymerase chain reaction (NPCR) and DNA sequencing. Results HSV-1 was detected in 14 (54%) of the healthy samples, in 19 (36%) of the oral leukoplakia samples, and in 14 (52%) of the OSCC samples. The differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions We observed a high incidence of HSV-1 in healthy oral mucosa, oral leukoplakia, and OSCC tissues. Thus, no connection between OSCC development and presence of HSV-1 was detected. Key words:HSV-1, nested PCR, PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda-Masoumeh Jalouli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 85, Sweden,
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Polz-Gruszka D, Morshed K, Stec A, Polz-Dacewicz M. Prevalence of Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in south-eastern Poland. Infect Agent Cancer 2015; 10:37. [PMID: 26462255 PMCID: PMC4601137 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-015-0031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of HPV and EBV in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in south-eastern Poland. The correlation between viral infection, OSCC, alcohol use, tobacco smoking, demographic data (gender, age, place of residence), anatomic location, pre-treatment staging, evidence of metastases to lymph nodes, and grading was also investigated. METHODS The examination samples were collected from paraffin tissue blocks, from 154 patients. Viral DNA was amplified by the nested-PCR method. RESULTS HPV DNA was detected in 29.2 % of the tested samples (in 27.4 % of oropharyngeal and in 30.4 % of oral cavity). The HPV type 16 was detected in 15.6 % of all samples, and in 53.3 % of HPV-positive group. In HPV-positive samples from oropharyngeal HPV 16 constitute 76.5 %, and in HPV-positive samples from oral cavity HPV 16 constitute 39.3 %. Mixed infection (more than one type of HPV) was observed in 23.5 and 60.7 %, respectively, and in 46.7 % of all HPV-positive samples, and in 12.3 % of the whole study group. EBV DNA was detected in 27.3 % of the cases and HPV-EBV co-infection in 7.8 % of samples. CONCLUSIONS In major patients from Southeastern region of Poland with oropharyngeal cancer HPV type 16 was detected but in oral cavity cancer other mixed infections were observed (i.e. 51, 52, 59, 66, 68, 71, 74). HPV 16 was detected more often among patients younger than 50 years of age, whereas the mixed HPV in the group aged 50-59. The pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma may be connected with EBV infection. Future studies on the mechanisms of HPV/EBV co-infection and/or superinfection and their role in oral squamous cell carcinoma are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Polz-Gruszka
- />Department of Virology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamal Morshed
- />Chair and Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, ul. Jaczewskiego 8, 20-054 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Stec
- />Department of Virology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Faggons CE, Mabedi C, Shores CG, Gopal S. Review: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in sub-Saharan Africa. Malawi Med J 2015; 27:79-87. [PMID: 26715951 PMCID: PMC4688867 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v27i3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Review the literature from 1990 to 2013 to determine known anatomic sites, risk factors, treatments, and outcomes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS Using a systematic search strategy, literature pertaining to HNSCC in sub-Saharan Africa was reviewed and patient demographics, anatomic sites, histology, stage, treatment, and outcomes were abstracted. The contributions of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papillomavirus (HPV) and behavioural risk factors to HNSCC in the region were assessed. RESULTS Of the 342 papers identified, 46 were utilized for review, including 8611 patients. In sub-Saharan Africa, the oropharyngeal/oral cavity was found to be the most common site, with 7750 cases (90% of all cases). Few papers distinguished oropharyngeal from oral cavity, making identification of possible HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) difficult. SCC of the nasopharynx, nasal cavity, or paranasal sinuses was identified in 410 patients (4.8% of all cases). Laryngeal SCC was found in 385 patients (4.5% of all cases), and only 66 patients (0.8% of all cases) with hypopharyngeal SCC were identified. In 862 patients with data available, 43% used tobacco and 42% used alcohol, and reported use varied widely and was more common in laryngeal SCC than that of the oropharyngeal/oral cavity. Toombak and kola nut use was reported to be higher in patients with HNSCC. Several papers reported HIV-positive patients with HNSCC, but it was not possible to determine HNSCC prevalence in HIV-positive compared to negative patients. Reports of treatment and outcomes were rare. CONCLUSIONS The oropharyngeal/oral cavity was by far the most commonly reported site of HNSCC reported in sub-Saharan Africa. The roles of risk factors in HNSCC incidence in sub-Saharan Africa were difficult to delineate from the available studies, but a majority of patients did not use tobacco and alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Faggons
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - C Mabedi
- Department of Surgery, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - C G Shores
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - S Gopal
- UNC Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
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32
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Al Moustafa AE, Al-Awadhi R, Missaoui N, Adam I, Durusoy R, Ghabreau L, Akil N, Ahmed HG, Yasmeen A, Alsbeih G. Human papillomaviruses-related cancers. Presence and prevention strategies in the Middle east and north African regions. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:1812-21. [PMID: 25424787 DOI: 10.4161/hv.28742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are estimated to be the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Meanwhile, it is well established that infection by high-risk HPVs is considered the major cause of cervical cancer since more than 96% of these cancers are positive for high-risk HPVs, especially types 16 and 18. Moreover, during the last 2 decades, numerous studies pointed-out the possible involvement of high-risk HPV in several human carcinomas including head and neck, colorectal and breast cancers. The association between high-risk HPVs and cervical cancer and potentially other human malignancies would necessitate the introduction of vaccines which were generated against the 2 most frequent high-risk HPVs (types 16 and 18) worldwide, including the Middle East (ME) as well as North African countries. The presence of high-risk HPVs in the pathogenesis of human cancers in the ME, which is essential in order to evaluate the importance of vaccination against HPVs, has not been fully investigated yet. In this review, we present an overview of the existing epidemiological evidence regarding the presence of HPV in human cancers in the ME and the potential impact of vaccination against HPV infections and its outcome on human health in this region.
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Ahmed HG, Suliman RSAG, El Aziz MSA, Alshammari FD. Molecular screening for Epstein Barr virus (EBV) among Sudanese patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Infect Agent Cancer 2015; 10:6. [PMID: 25705250 PMCID: PMC4335634 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-015-0002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to screen for the presence of Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) among Sudanese patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC). Methods In this study, 150 tissue samples that were previously diagnosed as having NPC were screened for the presence of EBV using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). PCR was performed to amplify two viral genes; EBV nuclear antigen-4 (EBNA-4) and latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1). Results EBV genes were detected in 92/150 (61.3%) tissue samples. Of the 92 infected samples, 58/92 (63%) were found among males and 34/92 (37%) were among females. Conclusion EBV is prevalent in the Sudan and responsible of the vast majority of cases of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ; Department of Histopathology and Cytology, FMLS, University of Khartoum, Hail, Sudan
| | - Rania Saad Abdul Gader Suliman
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Sudan University for Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohammed Siddig Abd El Aziz
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Sudan University for Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Fawaz D Alshammari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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34
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Sand L, Jalouli J. Viruses and oral cancer. Is there a link? Microbes Infect 2014; 16:371-8. [PMID: 24613199 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumour of the oral cavity. The aetiology of epithelial cancer of the head and neck is considered to be a multifactorial, sequential process. DNA viruses are found in many different cancers and are also capable of transforming cells to a malignant phenotype. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been proposed as risk factors in OSCC development and HPV type 16 is the most important subtype. Other oncogenic virus species i.e., Epstein-Barr Virus and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 have been proposed to be involved in oral carcinogenesis. However, no convincing evidence exist that they are an established risk factor in OSCC. Therefore more studies are needed in order to clarify the different aspects of virus involvement. Here, we review the existing literature on viral involvement in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Sand
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jamshid Jalouli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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35
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Gupta K, Metgud R. Evidences suggesting involvement of viruses in oral squamous cell carcinoma. PATHOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:642496. [PMID: 24455418 PMCID: PMC3880768 DOI: 10.1155/2013/642496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers and it constitutes a major health problem particularly in developing countries. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents the most frequent of all oral neoplasms. Several risk factors have been well characterized to be associated with OSCC with substantial evidences. The etiology of OSCC is complex and involves many factors. The most clearly defined potential factors are smoking and alcohol, which substantially increase the risk of OSCC. However, despite this clear association, a substantial proportion of patients develop OSCC without exposure to them, emphasizing the role of other risk factors such as genetic susceptibility and oncogenic viruses. Some viruses are strongly associated with OSCC while the association of others is less frequent and may depend on cofactors for their carcinogenic effects. Therefore, the exact role of viruses must be evaluated with care in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of OSCC. Although a viral association within a subset of OSCC has been shown, the molecular and histopathological characteristics of these tumors have yet to be clearly defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanupriya Gupta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India
| | - Rashmi Metgud
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India
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Lee LA, Huang CG, Tsao KC, Liao CT, Kang CJ, Chang KP, Huang SF, Chen IH, Fang TJ, Li HY, Yang SL, Lee LY, Hsueh C, Chen TC, Lin CY, Fan KH, Wang HM, Ng SH, Chang YL, Lai CH, Shih SR, Yen TC. Increasing rates of low-risk human papillomavirus infections in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: Association with clinical outcomes. J Clin Virol 2013; 57:331-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ahmed HG. Awareness Survey on Knowledge of Microbial Infectious Causes of Cancer in Northern State of Sudan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:5497-500. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.11.5497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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38
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Joseph AW, D'Souza G. Epidemiology of human papillomavirus-related head and neck cancer. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2012; 45:739-64. [PMID: 22793850 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is now recognized to cause a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Although excessive tobacco and alcohol use continue to be important risk factors for HNSCC, epidemiologic studies suggest that more than 25% of HNSCC are now caused by HPV. The incidence of HPV-related HNSCC is increasing, highlighting the need to understand the oral HPV infections causing these cancers. This article reviews the evidence for a causal association between HPV and HNSCC, examines the changing epidemiologic trends of HNSCC, and discusses what is currently known about oral HPV infection, natural history, and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Joseph
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, JHOC 6th Floor, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in epithelial dysplasia of oral cavity and oropharynx: a meta-analysis, 1985-2010. Oral Oncol 2011; 47:1048-54. [PMID: 21816661 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 are causally related to a sub-set of oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers. However, a clear estimate of the prevalence of HPV-16/18 in oral cavity and oropharyngeal dysplasia (OOPD) is not available. This literature review and meta-analysis was conducted to provide a prevalence estimate for HPV-16/18 in OOPD. Twenty-two studies that reported prevalence of HPV-16 and/or 18 in 458 OOPD lesions were analyzed. Meta-analysis was used to evaluate the prevalence of HPV-16/18 and logistic regression was used for stratified analysis by age, gender, and histological grade. The overall prevalence of HPV-16/18 in OOPD lesions was 24.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 16.4-36.7%)]. The individual prevalence for HPV-16 alone was 24.4%. The prevalence of HPV-16/18 in oral cavity lesions alone was 25.3% (95% CI, 14.2-45.2%). The odds of detection of HPV-16/18 in dysplastic lesions in males were twice that of females [odds ratio (OR), 2.44]. HPV-16/18 were 3 times more common in dysplastic lesions (OR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.95-5.53%) and invasive cancers (OR, 3.43; 95% CI, 2.07-5.69%), when compared to normal biopsies. There was no significant difference in HPV-16/18 rates between dysplastic lesions and cancers or between mild, moderate or severe dysplastic lesions. This meta-analysis provides a quantification of the prevalence of HPV types 16/18 in OOPD lesions. These results also support the assumption that HPV-16/18 infection occurs during the early phase of the oral cavity and oropharyngeal carcinogenesis.
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