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Melwani-Sadhwani R, Alonso-Agustín ER, Sagols-Ruiz A, Contreras-Madrid AI. Analysis of Oral Health among ADHD-Affected and Non-ADHD Children in Gran Canaria. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:779. [PMID: 38610200 PMCID: PMC11011864 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12070779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A study in Gran Canaria assessed the oral health of 53 children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 106 without ADHD, aged 6 to 16 years. Clinical data on dental caries, conservative treatments, and periodontal health were recorded. The main objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries in children with ADHD and how their habits and behaviors contribute to their oral health status. The results showed that children with ADHD had a significant increase in dental caries, conservative treatments, and gingival bleeding. A connection with diet was found, though it did not have a negative impact. No increase in periodontal index was observed, and no significant relationship with diet, family factors, or breastfeeding was found. The evidence suggests that children with ADHD should undergo frequent dental check-ups to monitor oral health and receive education on the importance of the quality and frequency of tooth brushing. These findings highlight the need to address oral health in children with ADHD and the necessity for adequate dental care in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Melwani-Sadhwani
- Department of Dental Sciences/Faculty of Dentistry, University Fernando Pessoa Canarias, 35450 Santa María de Guía, Spain;
| | | | - Audrey Sagols-Ruiz
- Primary Care Management of the Area of Gran Canaria, 35006 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Ana Isabel Contreras-Madrid
- Department of Dental Sciences/Faculty of Dentistry, University Fernando Pessoa Canarias, 35450 Santa María de Guía, Spain;
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Management for Caries Prevention in ADHD Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127455. [PMID: 35742701 PMCID: PMC9223500 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kotsanos N, Marks LAM, Arapostathis KN, Kubota K. Disabilities, Neuropsychiatric Disorders, and Syndromes in Childhood and Adolescence. Pediatr Dent 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78003-6_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hanafy RM, Abdelmoniem SA. Impact of an oral health education program in Egyptian children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A cross sectional study. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2021; 42:252-256. [PMID: 34750840 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study was conducted to assess the oral health status in a group of Egyptian children, living with ADHD, before and after the implementation of an oral health education program. METHODS A total of 29 Egyptian children, aged 8-12 years old diagnosed with ADHD were enrolled in this study. Their oral health status was assessed using OHI-S. Oral health education program using audiovisual and verbal methods was addressed to the children and their caregivers. The children were advised to limit eating sugar to be once per week, and to brush their teeth twice a day. Modified Bass Technique of tooth brushing was demonstrated to the children using jaw model and toothbrush. A motivational visit was performed for the children after 1 month. At the end of the 3 months program, oral health status of the children was reassessed. RESULTS The results showed that there was a significant increase in cases with "Good" scores after the oral health education program (p < .001), moreover, there was a significant decrease of OHI-S scores after the program (p < .001). CONCLUSION The oral health education program was efficient in achieving improvement in the oral health status of children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Mh Hanafy
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soad A Abdelmoniem
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Nash J, Woolley S. Managing patients with developmental co-ordination disorder in dentistry: Developing an online resource for dental professionals by a review of the literature. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2021; 42:244-251. [PMID: 34652818 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To produce an online resource for dental professionals, advising them on ways to manage patients with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). METHOD AND RESULTS Literature search into the management of patients with DCD, and how to produce a high-quality leaflet using specific keywords. Using online databases, such as PubMed, the Cochrane Database and an internet search engine, an online resource in printable leaflet form was produced following a pilot readability assessment and review by those who work with individuals with DCD and a Special Care Dentistry special interest group. From the assessment tools used, the resource scored well in terms of readability and comprehension. The resource also received positive and constructive feedback from colleagues and those who work with individuals with DCD. CONCLUSION An online resource was produced for dental professionals, although further evaluation is required on whether it will be useful to the profession. The literature review suggests the need for more research to be carried out on the association between DCD and oral health, and how dental professionals can manage those with DCD within a general dental practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Nash
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Stephen Woolley
- Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, UK
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Chi SI, Kim H, Seo KS. Analysis of application of dental sedation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients using the Korean National Health Insurance data. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2021; 21:99-111. [PMID: 33880403 PMCID: PMC8039164 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2021.21.2.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. It has a worldwide pooled prevalence of 5.29%. The characteristics of ADHD can increase the probability of dental treatment, while special behavior management can be required to allow proper treatment. In South Korea, the use of sedation in dental treatment has rapidly increased in recent decades. The present study aimed to investigate the trend and effects of sedation in patients with ADHD undergoing dental treatment in South Korea. Methods The study used customized health information data provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Among patients with the record of sedative use during the period from January 2007 to September 2019, those with International Classification of Diseases-10 codes for ADHD (F90, F91) were selected; the data of their overall insurance claims for dental treatment were then analyzed. The patients' age, gender, sedative use, and dental treatment were analyzed per year. The annual number of general anesthesia or sedation cases was also analyzed, and changes in the method of behavior management with increasing age were examined. Results The study involved 7,654 patients with ADHD (6,270 males; 1,384 females). The total number of dental treatments was 137,778, while the number of sedation cases was 16,109, among which 13,052 involved male patients and 3,057 female patients. The number of general anesthesia cases was 631, among which 538 involved male patients and 93 female patients. The most frequently used sedation method in the dental treatment of patients with ADHD was N2O inhalation. The percentage of sedation cases was highest in patients aged 4 years, and it decreased with increasing age. Conclusion In South Korea, both sedation and dental treatments were slightly more common in patients with ADHD than in the general population. With increasing age, the frequency of dental treatments and the percentage of sedation cases decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong In Chi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dankook University Sejong Dental Hospital, Sejong, Korea
| | - Hyuk Kim
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Suk Seo
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Jamali Z, Ghaffari P, Aminabadi NA, Norouzi S, Shirazi S. Oral health status and oral health-related quality of life in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2021; 41:178-186. [PMID: 33421188 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oral diseases can affect various aspects of life in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/oppositional defiant disorder (ADHD/ODD). This study aimed to assess the oral health status and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) in ADHD/ODD children. METHODS Forty ADHD/ODD and 80 control children aged 3-7 years old were included in the study. Gingival index (GI), dmft score, and the pediatric oral health-related quality of life (POQL) questionnaire were used to determine the oral health status and OHRQOL, respectively. RESULTS The mean dmft and GI were significantly higher in the ADHD/ODD group than the control group (P = .002 and P = .001). In the ADHD/ODD children, the total score of OHRQOL and the mean scores of the emotional, physical, role, and social domains were lower than that in the control group (P = .0004, P = .027, P = .002, P = .014, and P = .043, respectively). Poisson's regression showed that there was a significant relationship between OHRQOL and dmft scores (P-value < .001). However, the association between GI and OHRQOL scores was not significant. CONCLUSION Higher dmft and GI scores were found in children with ADHD/ODD than the control children. A lower POQL score was detected in ADHD/ODD patients, which translates to a better level of OHRQOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jamali
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Ghaffari
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Naser Asl Aminabadi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Norouzi
- Department of Psychiatry (Child and Adolescent Ward), Razi Psychiatry Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sajjad Shirazi
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Chau YCY, Peng SM, McGrath CPJ, Yiu CKY. Oral Health of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Atten Disord 2020; 24:947-962. [PMID: 29182035 DOI: 10.1177/1087054717743331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This systematic review investigated the oral health of children with ADHD. Method: A structured search strategy was performed on five electronic databases: SCOPUS, Web of Science, COCHRANE, PubMed, and PsychInfo. Studies were included in the review if they reported clinical oral health outcomes on a population diagnosed with ADHD under the age of 18 years old. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed on pooled prevalence and mean/median values for caries, trauma, periodontal problems, and tooth wear. Results: Twenty-seven effective articles were reviewed by two calibrated assessors. Meta-analysis of the results found higher mean number of decayed surfaces, plaque index, and trauma prevalence among children with ADHD. Conclusion: Children with ADHD show increased risk for caries and traumatic dental injuries, and may have poorer oral hygiene compared with children without ADHD. More awareness among clinicians would promote better caries- and trauma-preventive advice and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Si-Min Peng
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ehlers V, Callaway A, Wantzen S, Patyna M, Deschner J, Azrak B. Oral health of children and adolescents with or without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) living in residential care in rural Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:258. [PMID: 31766996 PMCID: PMC6878625 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0948-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined as childhood neurobehavioural disorder. Due to short attention span, oral hygiene and dental treatment of such individuals can be challenging. Aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health of children and adolescents with and without ADHD living in residential care in rural Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Methods Included in the study were 79 participants (male/female:58/21, age 9–15 years) living in residential care: 34 participants with ADHD and 45 participants without ADHD (control). Oral examination included the following parameters decayed, missing, filled teeth in the primary dentition (dmft), decayed, missing, filled surfaces/teeth in the secondary dentition (DMFS/DMFT), approximal plaque index (API), bruxism and orthodontic treatment. Additionally, oral hygiene, last dental visit and treatment performed, and dietary habits were assessed by questionnaire. Results There were no significant differences in dmft, API, bruxism and oral hygiene habits between groups. However, participants with ADHD tended to have higher DMFS/DMFT values than the control group. Ongoing orthodontic treatment was found more often in the control group. The ADHD group tended to consume acidic/sugary beverages and sweet snacks more often than the controls. Different treatments (control visit/prophylaxis, dental therapy, orthodontic treatment) were performed at the last dental visit in the two groups. Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, oral health was similar in children and adolescents with or without ADHD from the same residential care setting. Parents/guardians need instructions for better supervision of oral hygiene and dietary habits to improve the poor oral health of children with or without ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Ehlers
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Angelika Callaway
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sophia Wantzen
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Patyna
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Birgül Azrak
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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Begnini GJ, Brancher JA, Guimarães AT, de Araujo MR, Pizzatto E. Oral Health of Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019; 12:543-547. [PMID: 32440072 PMCID: PMC7229396 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the oral health conditions of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Materials and methods Two groups were selected: a test group comprising 51 individuals with ADHD and a control group with 50 individuals without ADHD, with ages ranging from 7 to 14 years. Through an intraoral clinical examination, the numbers of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT index), the visible plaque index (VPI), the gingival bleeding index (GBI), bruxism, and dental traumatism were verified. A questionnaire confirmed oral hygiene supervision. Results In the test group, the average DMFT index was 3.41 while it was 2.52 in the control group (p = 0.405). The VPI in the test and control groups was 36.84% and 24.54%, respectively (p = 0.004). The GBI was 8.37% for the test group and 4.94% for the control group (p = 0.012). The DMFT index when supervised the oral hygiene by those responsible in comparison with the nonsupervision was 1.89 and 4.31, respectively, in the test group, and 1.71 and 2.94, respectively, in the control group. Conclusion These data suggest that children and adolescents with ADHD present with worse oral health conditions and need greater attention from dental professionals and those responsible for their diet and oral hygiene. Clinical significance Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder needs a special attention. This research brings this important issue focus on oral health. How to cite this article Begnini GJ, Brancher JA, Guimarães ATB, et al. Oral Health of Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(6):543–547.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilmar J Begnini
- Department of Graduate Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - João A Brancher
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ana Tb Guimarães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Pizzatto
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
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Mota-Veloso I, Pordeus I, Homem M, Ramos-Jorge J, Oliveira-Ferreira F, Ramos-Jorge M, Paiva S. Do Signs of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Increase the Odds of Dental Caries? A Case-Control Study. Caries Res 2018; 52:212-219. [DOI: 10.1159/000486141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a behavioural disorder that can affect one’s performance in activities of daily living and can exert a negative impact on the oral health of children. Objective: The aim of this work was to determine the association between ADHD (signs and executive functions) and dental caries in children aged 7–12 years. Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 532 children in the city of Diamantina, Brazil. The case group was composed of children with caries and the control group was composed of children without caries. The children were submitted to a clinical oral examination for the determination of caries and neuropsychological evaluations of intellectual function and executive function. Other signs of attention deficit and hyperactivity were investigated using the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham scale administered to parents/guardians and teachers. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics were also evaluated. Statistical analysis involved the McNemar χ2 test and conditional logistic regression. Results: The multivariate logistic regression model demonstrated that monthly household income and parental reports of signs of attention deficit were significantly associated with the occurrence of dental caries. Conclusion: Children considered by their parents/guardians to have attention deficit have a greater chance of exhibiting dental caries, independently of household income.
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Chau YCY, Lai KYC, McGrath CPJ, Yiu CKY. Oral health of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Eur J Oral Sci 2016; 125:49-54. [PMID: 28035689 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed and compared oral health and oral-health behaviours among children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study included 31 children, 12-18 yr of age, with ADHD and 31 age- and gender-matched children without ADHD. Clinical data were recorded by a trained and calibrated examiner for caries, traumatic dental injuries, periodontal health, tooth wear, and salivary function. A questionnaire was also given to parents or caregivers about the oral health habits and behaviours of these children. Data were compared using Mann-Whitney U-tests and chi-square tests. No significant differences were found between children, with or without ADHD, in caries extent or prevalence, dental trauma prevalence, prevalence of periodontal disease or plaque, tooth wear, or unstimulated salivary flow. Children with ADHD had a significantly higher percentage of sites with gingival bleeding, as well as a higher frequency of parent-reported dislike of dentists, bruxism, history of assisted toothbrushing, and toothbrushing duration <1 min. They also had higher attendance at government dental clinics. The findings indicate that children with ADHD have poorer oral hygiene and more adverse oral-health attitudes and behaviours than do children without ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne C Y Chau
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kelly Y C Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Colman P J McGrath
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cynthia K Y Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Dursun OB, Şengül F, Esin İS, Demirci T, Yücel N, Ömezli MM. Mind Conduct disorders in children with poor oral hygiene habits and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with excessive tooth decay. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:1279-1285. [PMID: 27904519 PMCID: PMC5108381 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.59723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental caries and poor oral hygiene are among the major childhood public health problems. Although dental research frequently refers to the link between these conditions and behavioural issues, little attention has been paid to understanding the reason for oral health problems from a psychiatric point of view. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between poor oral health and hygiene and parental attitudes towards child rearing, parents' and children's oral hygiene behaviours, and childhood psychiatric disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study included 323 children aged 3-15 years. Decayed, missing, filled and decayed, extracted, filled indices, the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Parent Attitude Research Instrument were used in the study. RESULTS We found that the subjects' hyperactivity/inattention scores were positively correlated with poor oral health (p = 0.001) and heavy cariogenic food consumption (p = 0.040). Tooth brushing frequency was found to be significantly lower in children who have a risk for conduct/oppositional disorders than in their non-problematic peers (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Dental health and oral hygiene behaviours have close links with psychiatric disorders and psychosocial issues. Improving cooperation between child psychiatrists and dentists seems to be important in the prevention of paediatric dental problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Burak Dursun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ataturk, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Şengül
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Atatürk, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Selçuk Esin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ataturk, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Demirci
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Atatürk, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nermin Yücel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ataturk, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Melih Ömezli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ordu, Ordu, Turkey
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14
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Norderyd J, Klingberg G, Faulks D, Granlund M. Specialised dental care for children with complex disabilities focusing on child’s functioning and need for general anaesthesia. Disabil Rehabil 2016; 39:2484-2491. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2016.1236406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Norderyd
- National Oral Disability Centre for Rare Disorders, The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Jönköping, Sweden
- CHILD Research Group, School of Health and Welfare, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Klingberg
- Departement of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Denise Faulks
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d’Odontologie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, EA3847, Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mats Granlund
- CHILD Research Group, School of Health and Welfare, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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15
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Aminabadi NA, Najafpour E, Erfanparast L, Jamali Z, Pournaghi-Azar F, Tamjid-Shabestari S, Shirazi S. Oral health status, dental anxiety, and behavior-management problems in children with oppositional defiant disorder. Eur J Oral Sci 2015; 124:45-51. [PMID: 26707341 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mental disorders have been shown to affect children's oral health. This study was carried out to investigate the oral health status, dental anxiety (DA), and behavior-management problems (BMPs) during dental treatment in 6- to 9-yr-old children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)/attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study and control groups included 40 children with ODD/ADHD and 80 normal children, respectively. All participants received an amalgam restoration. During the procedure, the children's behavior was assessed using the Frankl Rating Scale and the Verbal Skill Scale. Parents rated their children's DA using the parental version of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental subscale (CFSS-DS). Comorbid anxiety disorders were assessed using the Kiddie-Sads-Present and Lifetime Version questionnaire. Oral health status was assessed using the gingival index and the decayed, missing, and filled teeth score for permanent (DMFT) and primary (dmft) teeth. The findings showed that DA and BMPs were significantly higher in children with ODD/ADHD than in the controls. Furthermore, the frequency of DA and BMPs was higher in children with both ODD/ADHD and a comorbid anxiety disorder than in those without comorbid anxiety disorder. Children with ODD/ADHD had significantly higher DMFT/dmft scores than those in the control group, whereas the difference in gingival index was not statistically significant. In conclusion, children with ODD/ADHD had higher levels of DA, BMP and poorer oral health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser A Aminabadi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Najafpour
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Erfanparast
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Jamali
- Department of Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Pournaghi-Azar
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Tamjid-Shabestari
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Sajjad Shirazi
- Dental and Periodantal Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Oral health status and salivary properties in relation to gluten-free diet in children with celiac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013; 57:49-52. [PMID: 23403442 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e31828b3705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with celiac disease (CD) have a wide variety of symptoms, from being asymptomatic to having chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, and extraintestinal symptoms. In the oral cavity, enamel defects and recurrent aphthous stomatitis are the most common symptoms. The aim of the study was to assess oral health, bacterial colonization and salivary buffering capacity of patients with CD at diagnosis were compared with patients with CD receiving a gluten-free diet (GFD) and healthy children. METHODS Three groups were prospectively investigated: newly diagnosed CD, CD treated with GFD, and a control group. All of the children were examined by pediatric dentists, and saliva samples were collected for bacterial and pH analysis. RESULTS Ninety children were enrolled in the study, 30 in each group. A higher prevalence of enamel hypoplasia (66%) was found in children with CD. Plaque index was significantly lower in the celiac-treated group, which correlated with oral health behavior: teeth brushing and frequency of eating between meals. Children receiving GFD brushed their teeth and used fluoride significantly more often than other children in the study. No difference between groups was found in snack consumption, mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts in saliva, as well as pH and buffer capacity. CONCLUSIONS A lower degree of plaque was found in children with CD receiving GFD. This finding could not be explained by salivary properties or bacteria, but rather by better oral hygiene. The results should raise the awareness of pediatric gastroenterologists toward oral health-related issues in children with CD.
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Blomqvist M, Ek U, Fernell E, Holmberg K, Westerlund J, Dahllöf G. Cognitive ability and dental fear and anxiety. Eur J Oral Sci 2013; 121:117-20. [PMID: 23489901 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dental fear and anxiety (DFA), as well as dental behavior management problems, are common in children and adolescents. Several psychological factors in the child, and parental DFA, have been studied and found to correlate to the child's DFA. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cognitive ability and DFA in a population-based group of children with identified behavior and learning problems. In conjunction with a dental examination at 11 yr of age, 70 children were assessed with regard to DFA using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS), and their cognitive ability was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. In addition, parental DFA was measured using the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale. The results revealed that DFA was significantly correlated to verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) but not to any other cognitive index. A significant correlation was found between parental DFA and child DFA. The results indicate that the child's verbal capacity may be one factor of importance in explaining dental fear in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Blomqvist
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ramos-Jorge J, Marques LS, Homem MA, Paiva SM, Ferreira MC, Oliveira Ferreira F, Ramos-Jorge ML. Degree of dental anxiety in children with and without toothache: prospective assessment. Int J Paediatr Dent 2013; 23:125-30. [PMID: 22436029 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2012.01234.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few prospective studies on the anxiety of children in the dental office have been published. AIMS To monitor dental anxiety levels in children with and without previous experience with toothache over a period of six consecutive visits. DESIGN A longitudinal study was carried out involving 167 children treated at a public dental service. Levels of anxiety in the dental setting were assessed in children without toothache (G1) and those with toothache (G2) using the modified Venham picture test (VPT). Data acquisition was carried out over a 6-week period, with each child treated in the dental office once a week. Six assessments of anxiety were performed in the waiting room prior to dental treatment. RESULTS A significant reduction in anxiety scores occurred between appointments in both groups. In the inter-group comparison, G2 had significantly higher anxiety scores than G1. Although statistically significant reductions in anxiety scores occurred through to the fifth appointment, a tendency toward stagnation in anxiety scores was observed beginning with the fourth appointment. CONCLUSIONS Dental anxiety scores were reduced over the course of six appointments. Children with toothache had higher levels of dental anxiety than those that had never experienced toothache.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ramos-Jorge
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Carlsson V, Hakeberg M, Blomkvist K, Wide Boman U. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and dental anxiety in adults: relationship with oral health. Eur J Oral Sci 2013; 121:258-63. [PMID: 23659259 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adult patients with severe dental anxiety. Specifically, we analysed the relationship among ADHD, oral health, and dental anxiety. The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener was administered to a consecutive sample of patients referred to a dental fear research and treatment clinic. Patients completed questionnaires measuring dental anxiety (Dental Fear Survey) and self-rated oral health, and underwent a full radiographic examination. Of the total sample (n = 110), 16% scored above the established ASRS cut-off point, which is indicative of having ADHD. The ADHD group showed a higher level of dental anxiety and poorer self-rated oral health. There were also indications of poorer clinical oral health in the ADHD group, but these results did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate an increased prevalence of ADHD in highly dentally anxious adults and the need to pay special attention to these patients because of greater treatment needs and increased dental anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Carlsson
- Department of Behavioral and Community Dentistry, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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20
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Hidas A, Birman N, Noy AF, Shapira J, Matot I, Steinberg D, Moskovitz M. Salivary bacteria and oral health status in medicated and non-medicated children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:1863-7. [PMID: 23135427 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood neurological disorder. Studies have shown that children with ADHD are more prone to caries than those without. The study investigated children diagnosed with ADHD, both with and without pharmacological intervention, and the following: DMFT\dmft, plaque index (PI), mutans streptococci (MS) levels, lactobacilli (LB) levels, salivary flow, salivary buffer capacity, oral hygiene, and diet. STUDY DESIGN DMFT/dmft index, PI, MS and LB levels, salivary flow, and salivary buffer capacity were examined in three groups of children: ADHD1-diagnosed with ADHD with no pharmacological intervention (N = 31), ADHD2-treated with medications for ADHD (N = 30), and a healthy control group (N = 30). Diet and oral health habits were assessed through questionnaires completed by parents. RESULTS There were no differences in the DMFT/dmft index, MS and LB counts, salivary buffer capacity, and parent reported diet and oral health behavior between the three groups. Children with ADHD demonstrated a higher plaque index. CONCLUSIONS Although children with ADHD did not report different diet and oral health behavior from children without ADHD, this group had significantly higher levels of plaque than the control group, which combined with hyposalivation may be a risk factor for caries at an older age. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Medicated and non-medicated ADHD children were similar to control children in their caries rate, MS and LB counts, salivary buffer capacity, and diet and oral health behavior. They differed in the amount of plaque found on their teeth. As a group, ADHD children demonstrated hyposalivation compared with the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariela Hidas
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
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21
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Is there a relationship between hyperactivity/inattention symptoms and poor oral health? Results from the GINIplus and LISAplus study. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:1329-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0829-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Baad RK, Jagtap K. The study of role of stress in children with behavior disorders and orofacial lesions. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012; 13:559-61. [PMID: 23151710 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM (1) To study the behavior disorders in children between 5 to 15 years. (2) To study the role of stress in causing behavior disorders. (3) To interpret the orofacial findings in children with behavior disorders. (4) Correlate the orofacial findings with behavior disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninty children with behavior problems between age of 5 to 15 years along with their parents who visited the Department of Child-Guidance Clinic, BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai. Intraoral examinations were conducted. Behavioral disorders and factors predisposing to those disorders were recorded. RESULTS Behavior disorders with orofacial lesions was more common in age group of 8 to 10 years. The children were continuously under stress, which manifested in the form of various orofacial disorders or oral lesions. Most common orofacial condition was bruxism. CONCLUSION Awareness of behavior disorders in dental treatment should guide the pediatric dentist to seek child psychiatric consultation for behavioral disorders to enable early evaluation of the underlying disorder. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The present study suggested that orofacial and behavior characteristics can serve as markers to diagnose children with behavioral disorders. It also serves as a guide to dental clinicians to refer such children to psychiatrists or pediatricians for early identification, prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Baad
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dental Sciences, KIMSDU, Karad, Satara, Maharashtra, India.
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Hidas A, Noy AF, Birman N, Shapira J, Matot I, Steinberg D, Moskovitz M. Oral health status, salivary flow rate and salivary quality in children, adolescents and young adults with ADHD. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:1137-41. [PMID: 21514566 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood neurological disorder that presents in 3-7% of school-age children. Studies have shown that children, adolescents and young adults with ADHD are more prone to caries than those without. AIM The study investigated a possible relationship between the oral health status of children, adolescents and young adults diagnosed with ADHD, both with and without pharmacological intervention, and the following: salivary flow rate, oral mucosal pH, plaque index (PI), oral hygiene and dietary behaviour. STUDY DESIGN DMFT/dmft index (D;d-Decay, M;m-Missing; F;f-Filled,T;t-teeth), plaque index, oral mucosal pH and unstimulated whole salivary flow (USF) were examined in three groups of children, adolescents and young adults: those diagnosed with ADHD with no pharmacological intervention (N=31), those treated with medications for ADHD (N=30), and a healthy control group (N=30). Diet and oral health habits were assessed by means of questionnaires completed by parents. RESULTS Mean USF values were 0.72, 0.85 and 1.13 ml/min for participants with ADHD and without medication, with ADHD and with medication, and without ADHD, respectively (p=0.016). There were no differences in the DMFT/dmft index and in parent reported diet and oral health behaviour between the three groups. Children with ADHD demonstrated a statistically significant higher plaque index (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The ADHD group, with or without pharmacological intervention, showed higher plaque index and lower USF, but no difference in DMFT/dmft. The ADHD group did not differ from the non-ADHD group in their diet or oral health behaviour as assessed by parent reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariela Hidas
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hebrew University, Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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Blomqvist M, Ahadi S, Fernell E, Ek U, Dahllöf G. Dental caries in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a population-based follow-up study. Eur J Oral Sci 2011; 119:381-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2011.00844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Nicolas E, Bessadet M, Collado V, Carrasco P, Rogerleroi V, Hennequin M. Factors affecting dental fear in French children aged 5-12 years. Int J Paediatr Dent 2010; 20:366-73. [PMID: 20545790 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2010.01054.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While dental anxiety is often correlated with prior negative dental experience, prevention of dental anxiety should in theory include early exposure to the dental setting. OBJECTIVE We set out to evaluate factors affecting dental fear in French children. METHODS Dental fear was evaluated using a visual analogue scale (DF-VAS) in a group of 1303 French children (681 boys and 622 girls) aged 5-11 years (mean: 8.12 years, SD: 1.42 years). Indicators of caries and oral hygiene were evaluated on dental examination. Indicators of well-being related to oral health, dental experience, and oral health education were collected via a structured interview. RESULTS Dental fear was scored low in 75.7% (DF-VAS 0-3), moderate in 16.7% (DF-VAS 4-6), and high in 7.6% (DF-VAS 7-10). DF-VAS decreased statistically with experience of a prior dental visit. Children who had at least one decayed tooth presented a higher level of dental fear than those with no decay, while children with fillings were significantly less anxious than those without previous dental care. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that for children aged 5-12 years, prior experience of the dental setting can act as a positive component of dental fear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Nicolas
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Odontologie, Hôtel-Dieu, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Gustafsson A, Broberg A, Bodin L, Berggren U, Arnrup K. Dental behaviour management problems: the role of child personal characteristics. Int J Paediatr Dent 2010; 20:242-53. [PMID: 20536585 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2010.01046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the role of dental fear (DF) and other personal characteristics in relation to dental behaviour management problems (DBMP). DESIGN A study group of 230 patients (7.5-19 years old; 118 girls), referred because of DBMP, was compared to a reference group of 248 same-aged patients (142 girls) in ordinary dental care. Patients and their parents independently filled in questionnaires including measures of fear and anxiety, behavioural symptoms, temperamental reactivity, and emotion regulation. RESULTS Study group patients referred because of DBMP differed from the reference group in all investigated aspects of personal characteristics. In the multivariate analyses, DF was the only variable with consistent discriminatory capacity through all age and gender subgroups. Aspects of anxiety, temperament, and behavioural symptoms contributed, but differently for different subgroups and at different levels of dental fear. CONCLUSIONS Among older children and adolescents, DF deserves to be re-established as the single most important discriminating variable for DBMP at clearly lower scores than commonly used. Further research should focus on the different patterns of DBMP development, considering various personal characteristics that may trigger, maintain, or exacerbate young patients' vulnerability to DF and DBMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Gustafsson
- Department of Pedodontics, Postgraduate Dental Education Center, Public Dental Service, Orebro, Sweden.
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Tait AR, Voepel-Lewis T, Burke C, Doherty T. Anesthesia induction, emergence, and postoperative behaviors in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. Paediatr Anaesth 2010; 20:323-9. [PMID: 20470335 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2010.03268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Given the increasing prevalence of attention-deficit and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD), anesthesiologists are now presented with a greater number of children who are diagnosed with these conditions. This prospective, observational study was designed to compare anesthesia induction, emergence, and postoperative behaviors in children with and without ADHD. METHODS/MATERIALS The sample included 268 children, 4-17 years of age undergoing elective surgery with a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD. A cohort of children without ADHD, matched for age, gender, and procedure served as controls. Preoperative cooperation, induction, and emergence behaviors were measured using established scales. Postoperative maladaptive behaviors were measured using a modified Post-Hospital Behavioral Questionnaire that was administered via telephone 1 week after surgery. RESULTS Children with ADHD were significantly less cooperative at induction of anesthesia compared with controls (20.9% vs 10.6% respectively, P = 0.001). Although some control children exhibited an increase in maladaptive behaviors postoperatively, these behaviors were significantly greater among children with ADHD. In particular, relative to their normal behaviors, children with ADHD had greater difficulties in concentration and decision-making; were more disobedient, impulsive, fidgety, had poor appetite; were difficult to talk to; and exhibited an increase in temper tantrums following surgery. CONCLUSIONS This is the first prospective study to our knowledge that has examined the perioperative and postoperative behaviors of children with ADHD compared to those without this disorder. These results are important in alerting anesthesiologists, parents, and teachers to the potential for difficulties during induction of anesthesia and postoperative behavioral problems at home and in school, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Tait
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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28
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Engvall M, Sjögreen L, Kjellberg H, Robertson A, Sundell S, Kiliaridis S. Oral health status in a group of children and adolescents with myotonic dystrophy type 1 over a 4-year period. Int J Paediatr Dent 2009; 19:412-22. [PMID: 19732192 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2009.01012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate changes in oral health, orofacial function, and dental care in children with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) in comparison with a control group. METHODS Thirty-six DM1 patients and 33 control patients out of originally 37 in each group were examined on two occasions about 4 years apart. Caries, plaque, and gingivitis were registered, mouth opening capacity assessed and the ability to cooperate in dental treatment estimated. Questionnaires concerning different aspects of oral health and care, symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD), and dental trauma were also used. RESULTS The DM1-patients, in particular the boys, had significantly more caries, plaque, and gingivitis than the control patients on both occasions and the increase in decayed missing or filled permanent teeth (DMFT) and surfaces (DMFS) was significantly larger. They received more dental care and had lower cooperation ability. Mouth opening capacity and increase of it was significantly lower and symptoms of TMD were significantly more frequent. CONCLUSIONS DM1 patients, as they grow older, have increasing amounts of plaque and risk of caries and gingivitis. They have more TMD problems. Behaviour management problems do not seem to decrease with age. Increased prophylactic care is essential for DM1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Engvall
- Department of Pedodontics, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, 413 90 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Avsar A, Akbaş S, Ataibiş T. Traumatic dental injuries in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Dent Traumatol 2009; 25:484-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2009.00792.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bimstein E, Wilson J, Guelmann M, Primosch R. Oral characteristics of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2008; 28:107-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.2008.00021.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Arnrup K, Broberg AG, Berggren U, Bodin L. Temperamental reactivity and negative emotionality in uncooperative children referred to specialized paediatric dentistry compared to children in ordinary dental care. Int J Paediatr Dent 2007; 17:419-29. [PMID: 17935595 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2007.00868.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatment of children with dental behaviour management problems (DBMP) is based on the presupposition that their difficulties are caused by dental fear, but is this always the case? OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to study temperamental reactivity, negative emotionality, and other personal characteristics in relation to DBMP in 8- to 12-year-old children. METHODS Forty-six children referred because of DBMP (study group) and 110 children in ordinary dental care (reference group) participated. The EASI tempramental survey assessed temperamental reactivity and negative emotionality, the Child Behaviour Questionnaire internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems, and the Children's Fear Survey Schedule general and dental fears. Cluster analyses and tree-based modelling were used for data analysis. RESULTS Among the five clusters identified, one could be characterized as 'balanced temperament'. Thirty-five per cent of the reference group compared to only 7% of the study group belonged to this cluster. Negative emotionality was the most important sorting variable. CONCLUSIONS Children referred because of DBMP differed from children in ordinary dental care, not only in dental fear level, but also in personal characteristics. Few of the referred children were characterized by a balanced temperament profile. It is important to consider the dual impact of emotion dysregulation and emotional reactivity in the development of DBMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Arnrup
- Department of Pedodontics, Postgraduate Dental Education Center, Orebro, Sweden.
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Klingberg G, Broberg AG. Dental fear/anxiety and dental behaviour management problems in children and adolescents: a review of prevalence and concomitant psychological factors. Int J Paediatr Dent 2007; 17:391-406. [PMID: 17935593 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2007.00872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this article were to examine the literature published from 1982 to 2006 and to evaluate prevalence of dental fear and anxiety (DFA) and dental behaviour management problems (DBMP) in children and adolescents, and their relationships to age, sex, general anxiety, temperament, and general behavioural problems. METHODS A broad search of the PubMed database was performed using three combinations of search terms. RESULTS A large proportion of the identified articles could not be used for the review owing to inadequate endpoints, measures or poor study design. Thirty-two papers of acceptable quality were identified and reviewed. The prevalence of both DFA and DBMP were estimated to 9%, with a decrease in prevalence with age. DFA/DBMP were more frequent in girls. DFA/DBMP were related to general fear and both internalizing and externalizing behavioural problems, although these relationships were not clear-cut. Temperament was related to both DFA and DBMP but with different temperamental characteristics, while general behavioural problems mainly correlated with DBMP. CONCLUSIONS DFA/DBMP are common, and several psychological factors are associated with the development of these problems. In order to better understand these relationships, a number of issues concerning design of research and measurement of DFA/DBMP have to be dealt with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla Klingberg
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
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Blomqvist M, Holmberg K, Fernell E, Ek U, Dahllöf G. Dental caries and oral health behavior in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Eur J Oral Sci 2007; 115:186-91. [PMID: 17587293 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2007.00451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common developmental disorder. This study tested the hypothesis that children with ADHD exhibit a higher caries prevalence and poorer oral health behavior than children in a control group. Twenty-one children with ADHD and a control group of 79 children, all aged 13 yr, underwent a clinical dental examination and completed two questionnaires on dietary habits and dental hygiene habits. Differences between the groups regarding decayed, missed, or filled surfaces, decayed surfaces, initial caries lesions, and gingival inflammation were non-significant. Forty-eight percent in the ADHD group brushed their teeth every evening compared with 82% in the control group. The corresponding frequencies for brushing the teeth every morning were 48% and 75%. Children with ADHD were 1.74 times more likely to eat or drink more than five times a day than children in the control group. In conclusion, at age 13, children with ADHD do not exhibit a statistically significantly higher caries prevalence but do have poorer oral health behavior than children in a control group. The intervals between dental examinations of children with ADHD should be shorter than for other children to prevent a higher caries incidence in adolescence because of their oral health behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Blomqvist
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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