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Santos-Ledo A, de Luxán-Delgado B, Caballero B, Potes Y, Rodríguez-González S, Boga JA, Coto-Montes A, García-Macia M. Melatonin Ameliorates Autophagy Impairment in a Metabolic Syndrome Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050796. [PMID: 34069820 PMCID: PMC8157264 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a global health problem in adults and its prevalence among children and adolescents is rising. It is strongly linked to a lifestyle with high-caloric food, which causes obesity and lipid metabolism anomalies. Molecular damage due to excessive oxidative stress plays a major role during the development of metabolic syndrome complications. Among the different hormones, melatonin presents strong antioxidant properties, and it is used to treat metabolic diseases. However, there is not a consensus about its use as a metabolic syndrome treatment. The aim of this study was to identify melatonin effects in a metabolic syndrome model. Golden hamsters were fed with 60% fructose-enriched food to induce metabolic syndrome and were compared to hamsters fed with regular chow diet. Both groups were also treated with melatonin. Fructose-fed hamsters showed altered blood lipid levels (increased cholesterol and LDL) and phenotypes restored with the melatonin treatment. The Harderian gland (HG), which is an ideal model to study autophagy modulation through oxidative stress, was the organ that was most affected by a fructose diet. Redox balance was altered in fructose-fed HG, inducing autophagic activation. However, since LC3-II was not increased, the impairment must be in the last steps of autophagy. Lipophagy HG markers were also disturbed, contributing to the dyslipidemia. Melatonin treatment improved possible oxidative homeostasis through autophagic induction. All these results point to melatonin as a possible treatment of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Santos-Ledo
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León-INCYL, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-IBSAL, Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Beatriz de Luxán-Delgado
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute-Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
| | - Beatriz Caballero
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Área de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (B.C.); (Y.P.); (S.R.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Área de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (B.C.); (Y.P.); (S.R.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Susana Rodríguez-González
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Área de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (B.C.); (Y.P.); (S.R.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - José Antonio Boga
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Celestino Villamil s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Área de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (B.C.); (Y.P.); (S.R.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.C.-M.); (M.G.-M.); Tel.: +34-923-294-907 (M.G.-M.)
| | - Marina García-Macia
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.C.-M.); (M.G.-M.); Tel.: +34-923-294-907 (M.G.-M.)
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2
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Guesmi F, Bellamine H, Landoulsi A. Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and mediated brain injury attenuated by Thymus algeriensis. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:1275-1281. [PMID: 29800528 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, antioxidant enzyme activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels induced by hydrophobic fractions of Thymus algeriensis (HFTS) growing in Tunisia. The results showed that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an oxidative stress inducer, acts by decreasing the body mass and brain mass of rats. Moreover, we found higher MDA levels in the group treated with H2O2 (P < 0.05) and a significantly lower activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase, as well as a reduction in reduced glutathione activity in the brain tissues of H2O2-treated rats when compared with those of the control group (P < 0.05); however, rats that received HFTS with H2O2 experienced a decrease in MDA levels in the brain. In contrast, HFTS demonstrated neuroprotective effects in rat brain. Overall, exposure to HFTS prior to H2O2 induced a marked dose-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species scavenger levels (P < 0.05) accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in MDA levels (P < 0.05) when compared with no exposure. Notably, the activity of AChE was affected by exposure to natural compounds; levels were significantly lower in HFTS-treated rats and in those treated with the combination of HFTS and a low or high dose of H2O2. Furthermore, histopathological analysis showed that brain injuries occurred with high doses of H2O2 administered alone or with a low dose of HFTS, whereas a high dose of essential oil markedly alleviated neurone degeneration. The results suggest that HFTS alleviates neuroinflammation by acting as an AChE inhibitor and attenuates H2O2-induced brain toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Guesmi
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Houda Bellamine
- b Service of Anatomo-Pathology of Menzel Bourguiba, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Landoulsi
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
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3
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Bahrami Z, Firouzi M, Hashemi-Monfared A, Zahednasab H, Harirchian MH. The effect of minocycline on indolamine 2, 3 dioxygenase expression and the levels of kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid in LPS-activated primary rat microglia. Cytokine 2017; 107:125-129. [PMID: 29246652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are one of the most important neural cells in the central nervous system (CNS) which account for 10-15% of all cells found in the brain. A vast majority of studies indicate that microglia play a pivotal role in protection and damage of the CNS. It has been shown that microglia are mainly scavenger cells but also produce a barrage of factors that are involved in tissue repair and neural regeneration. Several lines of evidence indicate that unregulated activation of microglia in response to either endogenous or exogenous insults results in the production of toxic factors that propagate neuronal injury. Studies demonstrated that the activated microglia secret the excessive amounts of quinolinic acid (QA) and kynurenic acid (KYNA) which are highly toxic for the neuronal cells. In line with this, indolamine 2, 3 dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme producing KYNA and QA has been shown to be elevated during the inflammation in microglia. In this study, we established primary microglial cell cultures obtained from cerebral cortices of 1-day neonatal Wistar rats. Minocycline (20-60 µM) or its vehicle was added to the culture media 60 min prior to 48 h incubation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 ng/mL). Using a specific process of adhesion and shaking of the cultured glial cells, a purified culture of approximately 94% enriched microglia was obtained and then, corroborated by immunocytochemistry (ICC). The cell viability after minocycline treatments was assessed using the MTT colorimetric assay. The expression of IDO was evaluated using qPCR. The levels of KYNA and QA were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that minocycline significantly decreased the levels of both KYNA and QA in glia cells exposed to LPS. Moreover, minocycline decreased the expression of IDO in treated LPS-induced microglia. It seems that minocycline has a potent ability to oppress the inflammatory process via the decrease in production of IDO expression and the concentrations of KYNA and QA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahrami
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Firouzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Hamid Zahednasab
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Harirchian
- Iranian Centre of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Yurt KK, Kaplan S, Kıvrak EG. The neuroprotective effect of melatonin on the hippocampus exposed to diclofenac sodium during the prenatal period. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 87:37-48. [PMID: 28576559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (Mel) has strong antioxidant properties since it is a direct scavenger of oxygen-based free radicals and related species. The main aim of this study is to show whether the effects of Mel can prevent the potential adverse effects of diclofenac sodium (DS), used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) during the prenatal period, on the newborn experimental rat brain tissues using stereological methods Twenty-four male 12-week old Wistar albino rats were used. The study involved four groups (each containing six rats), those exposed, during the prenatal period, to saline 1ml/kg (Saline group), to diclofenac sodium 3.6mg/kg (DS group), or to diclofenac sodium+melatonin 50mg/kg (DS+Mel group), and a control group (Cont group). At the end of the experiment, the brains were removed from the cranium for histological and stereological analyses. Cell loss in the hippocampus exposed to DS was observed compared to the Cont group (p<0.01), and a similar side-effect was also seen in the Saline group (p<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in cell numbers between the Cont and DS+Mel groups (p>0.05). These results suggest that exposure to DS during pregnancy causes a decrease in the number of cells in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus in the postnatal period. Using Mel, a neuroprotective agent, reduced the toxic effects of DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kıymet Kübra Yurt
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Elfide Gizem Kıvrak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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5
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da Silva Araújo T, Maia Chaves Filho AJ, Monte AS, Isabelle de Góis Queiroz A, Cordeiro RC, de Jesus Souza Machado M, de Freitas Lima R, Freitas de Lucena D, Maes M, Macêdo D. Reversal of schizophrenia-like symptoms and immune alterations in mice by immunomodulatory drugs. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 84:49-58. [PMID: 27697587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Immune dysregulation observed in schizophrenia alters tryptophan metabolism. Tryptophan metabolism is triggered by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). Tryptophan is converted to quinolinic acid, a potent neurotoxin, and to kynurenic acid, an NMDA antagonist. 1-Methyl-D-tryptophan (MDT) inhibits IDO. Melatonin is metabolized by IDO while inhibiting TDO. We evaluated the reversal of ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behavioral and neurochemical alterations in mice by the administration of MDT (20 or 40 mg/kg, i.p.) or melatonin (15 mg/kg, per os). Oxidative stress and inflammatory alterations, i.e. myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-6 were measured in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus and striatum. Risperidone was used as standard antipsychotic. Ketamine triggered positive- (PPI deficits and hyperlocomotion), cognitive- (working memory deficits) and negative (social interaction deficits) schizophrenia-like symptoms. These symptoms were accompanied by increased MPO activity, decreased GSH and increased LPO in all brain areas and increments in hippocampal IL-4 and IL-6. MDT and melatonin reversed all ketamine-induced behavioral alterations. Risperidone did not reverse working memory deficits. MDT and melatonin reversed alterations in MPO activity and GSH levels. LP was reversed only by melatonin and risperidone. Risperidone could not reverse MPO alterations in the PFC and striatum. All drugs reversed the alterations in IL-4 and IL-6. The hippocampus and striatum of ketamine+melatonin-treated animals had lower levels of IL-6. Our findings provide further preclinical evidence that immune-inflammatory and oxidative pathways are involved in schizophrenia and that targeting these pathways is a valid treatment option in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane da Silva Araújo
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Adriano Jose Maia Chaves Filho
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Aline Santos Monte
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Isabelle de Góis Queiroz
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Carneiro Cordeiro
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Michel de Jesus Souza Machado
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Freitas Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - David Freitas de Lucena
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- Impact Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Danielle Macêdo
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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6
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Loureiro R, Magalhães-Novais S, Mesquita KA, Baldeiras I, Sousa IS, Tavares LC, Barbosa IA, Oliveira PJ, Vega-Naredo I. Melatonin antiproliferative effects require active mitochondrial function in embryonal carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17081-96. [PMID: 26025920 PMCID: PMC4627293 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melatonin oncostatic and cytotoxic effects have been described in different types of cancer cells, the specific mechanisms leading to its antitumoral effects and their metabolic context specificity are still not completely understood. Here, we evaluated the effects of melatonin in P19 embryonal carcinoma stem cells (CSCs) and in their differentiated counterparts, cultured in either high glucose medium or in a galactose (glucose-free) medium which leads to glycolytic suppression and increased mitochondrial metabolism. We found that highly glycolytic P19 CSCs were less susceptible to melatonin antitumoral effects while cell populations relying on oxidative metabolism for ATP production were more affected. The observed antiproliferative action of melatonin was associated with an arrest at S-phase, decreased oxygen consumption, down-regulation of BCL-2 expression and an increase in oxidative stress culminating with caspase-3-independent cell death. Interestingly, the combined treatment of melatonin and dichloroacetate had a synergistic effect in cells grown in the galactose medium and resulted in an inhibitory effect in the highly resistant P19 CSCs. Melatonin appears to exert its antiproliferative activity in P19 carcinoma cells through a mitochondrially-mediated action which in turn allows the amplification of the effects of dichloroacetate, even in cells with a more glycolytic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute Loureiro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Silvia Magalhães-Novais
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Katia A Mesquita
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ines Baldeiras
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,School of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel S Sousa
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ludgero C Tavares
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ines A Barbosa
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Vega-Naredo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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7
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Youn HS, Kim TG, Kim MK, Kang GB, Kang JY, Lee JG, An JY, Park KR, Lee Y, Im YJ, Lee JH, Eom SH. Structural Insights into the Quaternary Catalytic Mechanism of Hexameric Human Quinolinate Phosphoribosyltransferase, a Key Enzyme in de novo NAD Biosynthesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19681. [PMID: 26805589 PMCID: PMC4726147 DOI: 10.1038/srep19681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT) catalyses the production of nicotinic
acid mononucleotide, a precursor of de novo biosynthesis of the ubiquitous
coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. QPRT is also essential for maintaining
the homeostasis of quinolinic acid in the brain, a possible neurotoxin causing
various neurodegenerative diseases. Although QPRT has been extensively analysed, the
molecular basis of the reaction catalysed by human QPRT remains unclear. Here, we
present the crystal structures of hexameric human QPRT in the apo form and its
complexes with reactant or product. We found that the interaction between dimeric
subunits was dramatically altered during the reaction process by conformational
changes of two flexible loops in the active site at the dimer-dimer interface. In
addition, the N-terminal short helix α1 was identified as a critical
hexamer stabilizer. The structural features, size distribution, heat aggregation and
ITC studies of the full-length enzyme and the enzyme lacking helix α1
strongly suggest that human QPRT acts as a hexamer for cooperative reactant binding
via three dimeric subunits and maintaining stability. Based on our comparison of
human QPRT structures in the apo and complex forms, we propose a drug design
strategy targeting malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Seop Youn
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea.,Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea.,Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Mun-Kyoung Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Gil Bu Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Jung Youn Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea.,Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Jung-Gyu Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea.,Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Jun Yop An
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea.,Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Ryoung Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea.,Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Youngjin Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea.,Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Young Jun Im
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, South Korea.,Department of Polar Sciences, Korea University of Science and Technology, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Eom
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea.,Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
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8
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Ozsoy O, Yildirim FB, Ogut E, Kaya Y, Tanriover G, Parlak H, Agar A, Aslan M. Melatonin is protective against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced oxidative stress in a hemiparkinsonian rat model. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:1004-1014. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3109/10715762.2015.1027198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Ozsoy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - F. B. Yildirim
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - E. Ogut
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Y. Kaya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - G. Tanriover
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - H. Parlak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - A. Agar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - M. Aslan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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9
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Ozsoy O, Yildirim FB, Ogut E, Kaya Y, Tanriover G, Parlak H, Agar A, Aslan M. Melatonin is protective against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced oxidative stress in a hemiparkinsonian rat model. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:1004-14. [PMID: 25791066 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1027198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Ozsoy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - F. B. Yildirim
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - E. Ogut
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Y. Kaya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - G. Tanriover
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - H. Parlak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - A. Agar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - M. Aslan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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10
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Marques NF, Stefanello ST, Froeder ALF, Busanello A, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, Soares FAA, Fachinetto R. Centella asiatica and Its Fractions Reduces Lipid Peroxidation Induced by Quinolinic Acid and Sodium Nitroprusside in Rat Brain Regions. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1197-210. [PMID: 25903808 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in several pathologies including neurological disorders. Centella asiatica is a popular medicinal plant which has long been used to treat neurological disturbances in Ayurvedic medicine. In the present study, we quantified of compounds by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and examined the phenolic content of infusion, ethyl acetate, n-butanolic and dichloromethane fractions. Furthermore, we analyzed the ability of the extracts from C. asiatica to scavenge the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) radical as well as total antioxidant activity through the reduction of molybdenum (VI) (Mo(6+)) to molybdenum (V) (Mo(5+)). Finally, we examined the antioxidant effect of extracts against oxidant agents, quinolinic acid (QA) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), on homogenates of different brain regions (cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus). The HPLC analysis revealed that flavonoids, triterpene glycoside, tannins, phenolic acids were present in the extracts of C. asiatica and also the phenolic content assay demonstrated that ethyl acetate fraction is rich in these compounds. Besides, the ethyl acetate fraction presented the highest antioxidant effect by decreasing the lipid peroxidation in brain regions induced by QA. On the other hand, when the pro-oxidant agent was SNP, the potency of infusion, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane fractions was equivalent. Ethyl acetate fraction from C. asiatica also protected against thiol oxidation induced by SNP and QA. Thus, the therapeutic potential of C. asiatica in neurological diseases could be associated to its antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiani Ferreira Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Khan A, Nazar H, Sabir SM, Irshad M, Awan SI, Abbas R, Akram M, Khaliq A, Rocha JBT, Ahmad SD, Malik F. Antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect of some commonly used medicinal plants against lipid per-oxidation in mice brain. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2014; 11:83-90. [PMID: 25395710 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i5.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study compares the protective properties of aqueous extracts of six medicinal plants, Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia chebula (black and yellow), Terminalia arjuna, Balsamodendron Mukul and Alium sativum against lipid per-oxidation in mice brain. METHODS The antioxidant activities were analyzed by lipid per-oxidation assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay, total antioxidant activity and metal chelation. RESULTS The extracts (fruits and bark) showed inhibition against thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) induced by pro-oxidant (10 µM FeSO4) in mice brain. Moreover, the free radical scavenging activities of the extracts was evaluated by the scavenging of DPPH radical (IC₅₀, 23.23 ± 1.2 µg/ml (Phyllanthus emblica), 20.24 ± 0.9 µg/ml (Terminalia chebula yellow) and 17.33 ± 1.1 µg/ml (Terminalia chebula black), 19.44 ± 0.45 µg/ml (Terminalia arjuna), 56.59 ± 2.1 µg/ml (Balsamodendron Mukul) and < 200 µg/ml (Alium sativum). CONCLUSION The higher antioxidant and inhibitory effect of Terminalia chebula black in this study could be attributed to its significantly higher phenolic content, Fe(II) chelating ability, reducing ability and free radical scavenging activity. Therefore oxidative stress in brain could be potentially prevented by the intake of these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmatullah Khan
- Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Halima Nazar
- Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Irshad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Poonch Rawalakot A.K Pakistan
| | - Shahid Iqbal Awan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Molecular Genetics, University of Poonch Rawalakot A.K Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Abbas
- University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad A.K Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot A.K Pakistan
| | - Abdul Khaliq
- Department of Plant Breeding and Molecular Genetics, University of Poonch Rawalakot A.K Pakistan
| | - João Batista Texeira Rocha
- Departmento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | | | - Farnaz Malik
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Syzygium jambos and Solanum guaraniticum show similar antioxidant properties but induce different enzymatic activities in the brain of rats. Molecules 2013; 18:9179-94. [PMID: 23912272 PMCID: PMC6269761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18089179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Syzygium jambos and Solanum guaraniticum are both employed in Brazil as medicinal plants, even though their potential toxicity is not well established and they are frequently misused. The aim of this study was investigate the effect of the aqueous leaf extracts of both plants on δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities and the antioxidant action against oxidative damage induced by sodium nitroprusside in rats, using in vitro assays. In addition, the presence of gallic, caffeic and chlorogenic acids, as well as rutin, quercetin and kaempferol as bioactive compounds in the extracts was identified by HPLC and their levels quantified. The antioxidant activities of both extracts were assessed by their capabilities to scavenge nitric oxide and to inhibit lipid peroxidation. Only Syzygium jambos presented thiol-peroxidase-like activity. Although neither extract affected the AChE activity, the aqueous extract of Solanum guaraniticum inhibited brain δ-ALA-D activity, suggesting a possible impairment effect on the central nervous system. Our results showed that both extracts exhibited efficient free radical scavenger activity and are an interesting source of bioactive compounds, justifying their use in folk medicine, although Solanum guaraniticum extract could have neurotoxicity properties and we therefore suggest that its use should be restricted to ensure the health of the population.
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Correlations between behavioural and oxidative parameters in a rat quinolinic acid model of Huntington's disease: protective effect of melatonin. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 701:65-72. [PMID: 23340221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine the correlations between behavioural and oxidative parameters in a quinolinic acid model of Huntington's disease in rats. The protective effect of melatonin against the excitotoxicity induced by quinolinic acid was investigated. Rats were pre-treated with melatonin (5 or 20mg/kg) before injection of quinolinic acid (240nmol/site; 1μl) into their right corpora striata. The locomotor and exploratory activities as well as the circling behaviour were recorded. The elevated body swing test was also performed. After behavioural experiments, biochemical determinations were carried out. Melatonin partially protected against the increase of circling behaviour caused by quinolinic acid injection. No alteration was found in the number of crossings and rearings of animals treated with melatonin and/or quinolinic acid. Melatonin decreased the percentage of contralateral biased swings induced by quinolinic acid. Melatonin protected against the increase in reactive species and protein carbonyl levels as well as the inhibition of superoxide dismutase activity resulting from quinolinic acid injection. Melatonin was partially effective against the inhibition of striatal catalase activity and a decrease of non-protein thiol levels induced by quinolinic acid. Melatonin was not effective against the inhibition of Na(+), K(+) ATPase activity caused by quinolinic acid injection. There were significant correlations between circling behaviour and oxidative parameters. The antioxidant property of melatonin is involved, at least in part, in its neuroprotective effect. The results reinforce the idea that melatonin could be useful in overwhelming neurotoxicity caused by quinolinic acid, a rat model of Huntington's disease.
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Vandresen-Filho S, Hoeller AA, Herculano BA, Duzzioni M, Duarte FS, Piermartiri TCB, Boeck CC, de Lima TCM, Marino-Neto J, Tasca CI. NMDA preconditioning attenuates cortical and hippocampal seizures induced by intracerebroventricular quinolinic acid infusion. Neurotox Res 2012. [PMID: 23184648 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-012-9359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Searching for new therapeutic strategies through modulation of glutamatergic transmission using effective neuroprotective agents is essential. Glutamatergic excitotoxicity is a common factor to neurodegenerative diseases and acute events such as cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, and epilepsy. This study aimed to evaluate behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) responses of mice cerebral cortex and hippocampus to subconvulsant and convulsant application of NMDA and quinolinic acid (QA), respectively. Moreover, it aimed to evaluate if EEG responses may be related to the neuroprotective effects of NMDA. Mice were preconditioned with NMDA (75 mg/kg, i.p.) and EEG recordings were performed for 30 min. One day later, QA was injected (36.8 nmol/site) and EEG recordings were performed during 10 min. EEG analysis demonstrated NMDA preconditioning promotes spike-wave discharges (SWDs), but it does not display behavioral manifestation of seizures. Animals that were protected by NMDA preconditioning against QA-induced behavioral seizures, presented higher number of SWD after NMDA administration, in comparison to animals preconditioned with NMDA that did display behavioral seizures after QA infusion. No differences were observed in latency for the first seizure or duration of seizures. EEG recordings after QA infusion demonstrated there were no differences in the number of SWD, latency for the first seizure or duration of seizures in animals pretreated with saline or in animals preconditioned by NMDA that received QA. A negative correlation was identified between the number of NMDA-induced SWD and QA-induced seizures severity. These results suggest a higher activation during NMDA preconditioning diminishes mice probability to display behavioral seizures after QA infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Vandresen-Filho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
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Dobrachinski F, Bastos LL, Bridi JC, Corte CLD, de Ávila DS, da Rocha JBT, Soares FAA. Cooperation of non-effective concentration of glutamatergic system modulators and antioxidant against oxidative stress induced by quinolinic acid. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:1993-2003. [PMID: 22674085 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disruption of glutamate uptake have been hypothesized as key mechanisms contributing to quinolinic acid (QA)-induced toxicity. Thus, here we investigate if the use of diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)(2), guanosine (GUO) and MK-801, alone or in combination, could protect rat brain slices from QA-induced toxicity. QA (1 mM) increased ROS formation, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and decreased cell viability after 2 h of exposure. (PhSe)(2) (1 μM) protected against this ROS formation in the cortex and the striatum and also prevented decreases in cell viability induced by QA. (PhSe)(2) (5 μM) prevented ROS formation in the hippocampus. GUO (10 and 100 μM) blocked the increase in ROS formation caused by QA and MK-801 (20 and 100 μM) abolished the pro-oxidant effect of QA. When the noneffective concentrations were used in combination produced a decrease in ROS formation, mainly (PhSe)(2) + GUO and (PhSe)(2) + GUO + MK-801. These results demonstrate that this combination could be effective to avoid toxic effects caused by high concentrations of QA. Furthermore, the data obtained in the ROS formation and cellular viability assays suggest different pathways in amelioration of QA toxicity present in the neurodegenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Dobrachinski
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus UFSM, Santa Maria, RS CEP 97105-900, Brazil
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Pérez-De La Cruz V, Carrillo-Mora P, Santamaría A. Quinolinic Acid, an endogenous molecule combining excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and other toxic mechanisms. Int J Tryptophan Res 2012; 5:1-8. [PMID: 22408367 PMCID: PMC3296489 DOI: 10.4137/ijtr.s8158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinolinic acid (QUIN), an endogenous metabolite of the kynurenine pathway, is involved in several neurological disorders, including Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, HIV associated dementia (HAD) etc. QUIN toxicity involves several mechanisms which trigger various metabolic pathways and transcription factors. The primary mechanism exerted by this excitotoxin in the central nervous system (CNS) has been largely related with the overactivation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations, followed by mitochondrial dysfunction, cytochrome c release, ATP exhaustion, free radical formation and oxidative damage. As a result, this toxic pattern is responsible for selective loss of middle size striatal spiny GABAergic neurons and motor alterations in lesioned animals. This toxin has recently gained attention in biomedical research as, in addition to its proven excitotoxic profile, a considerable amount of evidence suggests that oxidative stress and energetic disturbances are major constituents of its toxic pattern in the CNS. Hence, this profile has changed our perception of how QUIN-related disorders combine different toxic mechanisms resulting in brain damage. This review will focus on the description and integration of recent evidence supporting old and suggesting new mechanisms to explain QUIN toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Pérez-De La Cruz
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico 14269
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17
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Oboh G, Akinyemi AJ, Ademiluyi AO. Antioxidant and inhibitory effect of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubra) and white ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on Fe(2+) induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain in vitro. EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE GESELLSCHAFT FUR TOXIKOLOGISCHE PATHOLOGIE 2012; 64:31-6. [PMID: 20598871 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegerative diseases have been linked to oxidative stress arising from peroxidation of membrane biomolecules and high levels of Fe have been reported to play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases and other brain disorder. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the end-product of lipid peroxidation and the production of this aldehyde is used as a biomarker to measure the level of oxidative stress in an organism. The present study compares the protective properties of two varieties of ginger [red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubra) and white ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)] on Fe(2+) induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain in vitro. Incubation of the brain tissue homogenate in the presence of Fe caused a significant increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of the brain. However, the aqueous extract from both varieties of ginger caused a significant decrease in the MDA contents of the brain in a dose-dependent manner. However, the aqueous extract of red ginger had a significantly higher inhibitory effect on both Fe(2+)-induced lipid peroxidation in the rat brain homogenates than that of white ginger. This higher inhibitory effect of red ginger could be attributed to its significantly higher phytochemical content, Fe(2+) chelating ability, OH scavenging ability and reducing power. However, part of the mechanisms through which the extractable phytochemicals in ginger (red and white) protect the brain may be through their antioxidant activity, Fe(2+) chelating and OH scavenging ability. Therefore, oxidative stress in the brain could be potentially managed/prevented by dietary intake of ginger varieties (red ginger and white ginger rhizomes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo-State, Nigeria.
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Cell signaling in NMDA preconditioning and neuroprotection in convulsions induced by quinolinic acid. Life Sci 2011; 89:570-6. [PMID: 21683718 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The search for novel, less invasive therapeutic strategies to treat neurodegenerative diseases has stimulated scientists to investigate the mechanisms involved in preconditioning. Preconditioning has been report to occur in many organs and tissues. In the brain, the modulation of glutamatergic transmission is an important and promising target to the use of effective neuroprotective agents. The glutamatergic excitotoxicity is a factor common to neurodegenerative diseases and acute events such as cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury and epilepsy. In this review we focus on the neuroprotection and preconditioning by chemical agents. Specially, chemical preconditioning models using N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) pre-treatment, which has demonstrated to lead to neuroprotection against seizures and damage to neuronal tissue induced by quinolinic acid (QA). Here we attempted to gather important results obtained in the study of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in NMDA preconditioning and neuroprotection.
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de Araújo Herculano B, Vandresen-Filho S, Martins WC, Boeck CR, Tasca CI. NMDA preconditioning protects against quinolinic acid-induced seizures via PKA, PI3K and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. Behav Brain Res 2011; 219:92-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Oboh G, Rocha JBT. Hot Pepper (Capsicum spp.) protects brain from sodium nitroprusside- and quinolinic acid-induced oxidative stress in vitro. J Med Food 2008; 11:349-55. [PMID: 18598179 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2007.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One practical way through which free radical-mediated neurodegenerative diseases could be prevented is through the consumption of food rich in antioxidants. The ability of aqueous extracts of ripe and unripe Capsicum annum, Tepin (CAT) and Capsicum chinese, Habanero (CCH) to prevent lipid peroxidation induced by sodium nitroprusside and quinolinic acid in rat brain in vitro is assessed in this study. The aqueous extract of the peppers were prepared (1 g/20 mL). Incubating rat brain homogenates with pro-oxidant (7 microM sodium nitroprusside [222.5%] and 1 mM quinolinic acid [217.4%]) caused a significant increase (P < .05) in lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates. However, the aqueous extract of the peppers (4.2-16.8 mg/mL) caused a significant decrease (P < .05) in the lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. However, unripe CAT (92.5-55.2%) caused the highest inhibition of sodium nitroprusside-induced lipid peroxidation, while unripe CCH caused the least inhibition (161.0-102.1%). Furthermore, unripe CAT and CCH peppers had a significantly higher (P < .05) inhibitory effect on quinolinic acid-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain than the ripe pepper (CAT and CCH). Therefore, the protection of the brain tissues by hot pepper depends on the total phenol content in sodium nitroprusside-induced lipid peroxidation, while ripening would reduce the protective properties of hot pepper against quinolinic acid-induced lipid peroxidation. However, unripe CAT has the highest protective properties against sodium nitroprusside- and quinolinic acid-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Oboh
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
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Saavedra A, Baltazar G, Duarte EP. Driving GDNF expression: the green and the red traffic lights. Prog Neurobiol 2008; 86:186-215. [PMID: 18824211 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is widely recognized as a potent survival factor for dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway that degenerate in Parkinson's disease (PD). In animal models of PD, GDNF delivery to the striatum or the substantia nigra protects dopaminergic neurons against subsequent toxin-induced injury and rescues previously damaged neurons, promoting recovery of the motor function. Thus, GDNF was proposed as a potential therapy to PD aimed at slowing down, halting or reversing neurodegeneration, an issue addressed in previous reviews. However, the use of GDNF as a therapeutic agent for PD is hampered by the difficulty in delivering it to the brain. Another potential strategy is to stimulate the endogenous expression of GDNF, but in order to do that we need to understand how GDNF expression is regulated. The aim of this review is to do a comprehensive analysis of the state of the art on the control of endogenous GDNF expression in the nervous system, focusing mainly on the nigrostriatal pathway. We address the control of GDNF expression during development, in the adult brain and after injury, and how damaged neurons signal glial cells to up-regulate GDNF. Pharmacological agents or natural molecules that increase GDNF expression and show neuroprotective activity in animal models of PD are reviewed. We also provide an integrated overview of the signalling pathways linking receptors for these molecules to the induction of GDNF gene, which might also become targets for neuroprotective therapies in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Saavedra
- Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Carrer Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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Oboh G. Antioxidative Potential of Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum canum Leaf Polyphenols and Protective Effects on Some Pro-Oxidants Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Rat Brain: An in vitro Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/ajft.2008.325.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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Oboh G, Rocha JBT. Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties of Sour Tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa, calyx) and Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) on some Pro-oxidant-induced Lipid Peroxidation in Brain in vitro. FOOD BIOPHYS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-008-9092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Vanholder R, De Deyn PP, Van Biesen W, Lameire N. Marconi Revisited: From Kidney to Brain—Two Organ Systems Communicating at Long Distance. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 19:1253-5. [DOI: 10.1681/asn.2008040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Vandresen-Filho S, de Araújo Herculano B, Franco JL, Boeck CR, Dafre AL, Tasca CI. Evaluation of glutathione metabolism in NMDA preconditioning against quinolinic acid-induced seizures in mice cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Brain Res 2007; 1184:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Revised: 06/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Klongpanichapak S, Phansuwan-Pujito P, Ebadi M, Govitrapong P. Melatonin protects SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells from amphetamine-induced neurotoxicity. J Pineal Res 2007; 43:65-73. [PMID: 17614837 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2007.00444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several hypotheses regarding the mechanism underlying amphetamine-induced neurotoxicity have been proposed. One of them is based on the observation of free radical formation and oxidative stress produced by auto-oxidation of dopamine (DA). The formation of DA-related reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydroxyl radicals appears to play an important role in amphetamine-induced neurotoxicity. Melatonin, the main secretory product of pineal gland, is well known for its protective effects that are currently attributed mainly to its radical scavenging and antioxidant properties. The present study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of melatonin on d-amphetamine (AMPH)-induced neurotoxicity in cultured human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Our data indicate that AMPH significantly reduces cell viability, induces oxidative stress (enhances ROS production and malondialdehyde levels), up-regulates alpha-synuclein expression and decreases intracellular ATP levels. However, pretreatment of SK-N-SH cells with melatonin prevents AMPH-induced loss of cell viability and induction of oxidative stress, while reducing alpha-synuclein expression and increasing ATP production. These results suggest that the antioxidant properties of melatonin may provide a protective mechanism against AMPH-induced neuronal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirirat Klongpanichapak
- Neuro-Behavioural Biology Center, Institute of Science and Technology for Research and Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom, Thailand
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Oboh G, Rocha JBT. Water extractable phytochemicals from Capsicum pubescens (tree pepper) inhibit lipid peroxidation induced by different pro-oxidant agents in brain: in vitro. Eur Food Res Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-007-0580-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wagner C, Fachinetto R, Dalla Corte CL, Brito VB, Severo D, de Oliveira Costa Dias G, Morel AF, Nogueira CW, Rocha JBT. Quercitrin, a glycoside form of quercetin, prevents lipid peroxidation in vitro. Brain Res 2006; 1107:192-8. [PMID: 16828712 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2006] [Revised: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 05/26/2006] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species have been demonstrated to be associated with a variety of diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. Flavonoid compounds have been investigated for their protective action against oxidative mechanisms in different in vivo and in vitro models, which seems to be linked to their antioxidant properties. In the present study, we examine the protective mechanism of quercitrin, a glycoside form of quercetin, against the production of TBARS induced by different agents. TBARS production was stimulated by the incubation of rat brain homogenate with Fe2+, Fe2+ plus EDTA, quinolinic acid (QA), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and potassium ferricyanide ([Fe(CN)6]3-). Quercitrin was able to prevent the formation of TBARS induced by pro-oxidant agents tested; however, it was more effective against potassium ferricyanide ([Fe(CN)6]3-, IC50=2.5), than quinolinic acid (QA, IC50=6 microg/ml) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, IC50=5.88 microg/ml) than Fe2+ (Fe2+, IC50=14.81 microg/ml), Fe2+ plus EDTA (Fe2+ plus EDTA, IC50=48.15 microg/ml). The effect of quercitrin on the Fenton reaction was also investigated (deoxyribose degradation). Quercitrin caused a significant decrease in deoxyribose degradation that was not dependent on the concentration. Taken together, the data presented here indicate that quercitrin exhibits a scavenger and antioxidant role, and these effects probably are mediated via different mechanisms, which may involve the negative modulation of the Fenton reaction and NMDA receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Wagner
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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30
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Srinivasan V, Pandi-Perumal SR, Cardinali DP, Poeggeler B, Hardeland R. Melatonin in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Behav Brain Funct 2006; 2:15. [PMID: 16674804 PMCID: PMC1483829 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-2-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have been identified as common pathophysiological phenomena associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). As the age-related decline in the production of melatonin may contribute to increased levels of oxidative stress in the elderly, the role of this neuroprotective agent is attracting increasing attention. Melatonin has multiple actions as a regulator of antioxidant and prooxidant enzymes, radical scavenger and antagonist of mitochondrial radical formation. The ability of melatonin and its kynuramine metabolites to interact directly with the electron transport chain by increasing the electron flow and reducing electron leakage are unique features by which melatonin is able to increase the survival of neurons under enhanced oxidative stress. Moreover, antifibrillogenic actions have been demonstrated in vitro, also in the presence of profibrillogenic apoE4 or apoE3, and in vivo, in a transgenic mouse model. Amyloid-β toxicity is antagonized by melatonin and one of its kynuramine metabolites. Cytoskeletal disorganization and protein hyperphosphorylation, as induced in several cell-line models, have been attenuated by melatonin, effects comprising stress kinase downregulation and extending to neurotrophin expression. Various experimental models of AD, PD and HD indicate the usefulness of melatonin in antagonizing disease progression and/or mitigating some of the symptoms. Melatonin secretion has been found to be altered in AD and PD. Attempts to compensate for age- and disease-dependent melatonin deficiency have shown that administration of this compound can improve sleep efficiency in AD and PD and, to some extent, cognitive function in AD patients. Exogenous melatonin has also been reported to alleviate behavioral symptoms such as sundowning. Taken together, these findings suggest that melatonin, its analogues and kynuric metabolites may have potential value in prevention and treatment of AD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Srinivasan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Kampus Kesihatan, 16150, Kubang kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - SR Pandi-Perumal
- Comprehensive Center for Sleep Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1176 – 5Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - DP Cardinali
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Poeggeler
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Berliner Str. 28, D-37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - R Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Berliner Str. 28, D-37073 Goettingen, Germany
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31
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Zhang L, Wei W, Xu J, Min F, Wang L, Wang X, Cao S, Tan DX, Qi W, Reiter RJ. Inhibitory effect of melatonin on diquat-induced lipid peroxidation in vivo as assessed by the measurement of F2-isoprostanes. J Pineal Res 2006; 40:326-31. [PMID: 16635020 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2005.00311.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant and free radical scavenger. A large body of in vivo and in vitro evidence shows that melatonin effectively inhibits membrane lipid peroxidation; this damage was based on the measurement of malondialdehyde and/or 4-hydroxynonenal levels. In the current study, for the first time using a more sensitive and specific biomarker, i.e. F2-isoprostanes, we investigate the effect of melatonin on diquat-induced lipid peroxidation in Fischer 344 rats. When diquat (40 mg/kg body weight) was intraperitoneally injected into rats, the levels of liver F2-isoprostanes were significantly increased at 1, 3, and 6 hr while plasma free F2-isoprostanes concentrations were augmented at 3, 6, and 12 hr after administration of the toxin. In addition, the plasma alanine aminotransferase activity level was measured as a parameter of hepatoxicity; the activity of this enzyme was augmented at 3, 6, and 12 hr after diquat administration when compared with levels of this constituent in untreated control rats. Pretreatment with melatonin (20 mg/kg) 30 min before diquat administration resulted in a significant reduction in both tissue and plasma F2-isoprostanes levels, and plasma alanine aminotransferase activity. These findings, using a sensitive and specific index of lipid peroxidation, show that the hepatoxicity of diquat, at least partially, is a consequence of reactive oxygen species-induced lipid damage. Melatonin's protective effects likely relate to its direct free radical scavenging ability and/or due to other antioxidative processes induced by the indole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifu Zhang
- College of Agroforestry, Linyi Normal University, Linyi, Shandong, China
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Sharma R, McMillan CR, Tenn CC, Niles LP. Physiological neuroprotection by melatonin in a 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2006; 1068:230-6. [PMID: 16375867 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2005] [Revised: 10/21/2005] [Accepted: 10/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable evidence that pharmacological doses of the pineal hormone, melatonin, are neuroprotective in diverse models of neurodegeneration including Parkinson's disease. However, there is limited information about the effects of physiological doses of this hormone in similar models. In this study, rats were chronically treated with melatonin via drinking water following partial 6-hydroxydopamine lesioning in the striatum. The two doses of melatonin (0.4 microg/ml and 4.0 microg/ml) were within the reported physiological concentrations present in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid respectively. At 2 weeks after surgery, the higher dose of melatonin significantly attenuated rotational behavior in hemi-parkinsonian rats compared to similarly lesioned animals receiving either vehicle (P < 0.001) or the lower dose of melatonin (P < 0.01). Animals were perfused or sacrificed 10 weeks after commencing melatonin treatment for immunohistochemical or mRNA studies. Animals treated with 4.0 microg/ml melatonin exhibited normal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in the lesioned striatum, whereas little or no TH immunofluorescence was visible in similarly lesioned animals receiving vehicle. In contrast, semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed no group differences in TH mRNA, suggesting spontaneous recovery of this transcript as observed previously in partially lesioned animals. There were no significant differences in striatal GDNF mRNA levels between sham and lesioned animals. However, there was a significant (P < 0.01) increase in GDNF mRNA expression in the intact contralateral striata of lesioned animals treated with vehicle. Interestingly, melatonin treatment attenuated this novel compensatory contralateral increase in striatal GDNF expression, presumably due to its neuroprotective effect. These findings support a physiological role for melatonin in protecting against parkinsonian neurodegeneration in the nigrostriatal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohita Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
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