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Konopka MJ, van den Bunder JCML, Rietjens G, Sperlich B, Zeegers MP. Genetics of long-distance runners and road cyclists-A systematic review with meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:1414-1429. [PMID: 35839336 PMCID: PMC9544934 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify the genetic variants of (inter)national competing long-distance runners and road cyclists compared with controls. The Medline and Embase databases were searched until 15 November 2021. Eligible articles included genetic epidemiological studies published in English. A homogenous group of endurance athletes competing at (inter)national level and sedentary controls were included. Pooled odds ratios based on the genotype frequency with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated using random effects models. Heterogeneity was addressed by Q-statistics, and I2 . Sources of heterogeneity were examined by meta-regression and risk of bias was assessed with the Clark Baudouin scale. This systematic review comprised of 43 studies including a total of 3938 athletes and 10 752 controls in the pooled analysis. Of the 42 identified genetic variants, 13 were investigated in independent studies. Significant associations were found for five polymorphisms. Pooled odds ratio [95%CI] favoring athletes compared with controls was 1.42 [1.12-1.81] for ACE II (I/D), 1.66 [1.26-2.19] for ACTN3 TT (rs1815739), 1.75 [1.34-2.29] for PPARGC1A GG (rs8192678), 2.23 [1.42-3.51] for AMPD1 CC (rs17602729), and 2.85 [1.27-6.39] for HFE GG + CG (rs1799945). Risk of bias was low in 25 (58%) and unclear in 18 (42%) articles. Heterogeneity of the results was low (0%-20%) except for HFE (71%), GNB3 (80%), and NOS3 (76%). (Inter)national competing runners and cyclists have a higher probability to carry specific genetic variants compared with controls. This study confirms that (inter)national competing endurance athletes constitute a unique genetic make-up, which likely contributes to their performance level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Johanna Konopka
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands,Department of EpidemiologyMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Gerard Rietjens
- Department of Human Physiology and Sports MedicineVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Billy Sperlich
- Integrative & Experimental Exercise Science & Training, Institute of Sport ScienceUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Maurice Petrus Zeegers
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands,Department of EpidemiologyMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands,School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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Varillas-Delgado D, Tellería Orriols JJ, Del Coso J. Genetic Profile in Genes Associated with Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Elite Spanish Male Endurance Athletes. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081230. [PMID: 34440404 PMCID: PMC8391315 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND most of the research concerning the influence of genetics on endurance performance has been carried out by investigating target genes separately. However, endurance performance is a complex trait that can stem from the interaction of several genes. The objective of this study was to compare the frequencies of polymorphisms in target genes involving cardiorespiratory functioning in elite endurance athletes vs. non-athlete controls. METHODS genotypic frequencies were determined in 123 elite endurance athletes and in 122 non-athletes. Genotyping of ACE (rs4340), NOS3 (rs2070744 and rs1799983), ADRA2a (rs1800544 and rs553668), ADRB2 (rs1042713 and rs1042714), and BDKRB2 (rs5810761) was performed by polymerase chain reaction. The total genotype score (TGS: from 0 to 100 arbitrary units; a.u.) was calculated from the genotype score in each polymorphism. RESULTS the mean TGS in non-athletes (47.72 ± 11.29 a.u.) was similar to elite endurance athletes (46.54 ± 11.32 a.u., p = 0.415). The distribution of TGS frequencies were also similar in non-athletes and elite endurance athletes (p = 0.333). There was no TGS cut-off point to discriminate being elite endurance athletes. CONCLUSIONS the genetic profile in the selected genes was similar in elite endurance athletes and in controls, suggesting that the combination of these genes does not determine endurance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Varillas-Delgado
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-709-1400 (ext. 1965)
| | | | - Juan Del Coso
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28008 Fuenlabrada, Spain;
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Gronek P, Gronek J, Lulińska-Kuklik E, Spieszny M, Niewczas M, Kaczmarczyk M, Petr M, Fischerova P, Ahmetov II, Żmijewski P. Polygenic Study of Endurance-Associated Genetic Markers NOS3 (Glu298Asp), BDKRB2 (-9/+9), UCP2 (Ala55Val), AMPD1 (Gln45Ter) and ACE (I/D) in Polish Male Half Marathoners. J Hum Kinet 2018; 64:87-98. [PMID: 30429902 PMCID: PMC6231335 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate individually and in combination the association between the ACE (I/D), NOS3 (Glu298Asp), BDKRB2 (-9/+9), UCP2 (Ala55Val) and AMPD1 (Gln45Ter) variants with endurance performance in a large, performance-homogenous cohort of elite Polish half marathoners. The study group consisted of 180 elite half marathoners: 76 with time < 100 minutes and 104 with time > 100 minutes. DNA of the subjects was extracted from buccal cells donated by the runners and genotyping was carried out using an allelic discrimination assay with a C1000 Touch Thermal Cycler (Bio-Rad, Germany) instrument with TaqMan® probes (NOS3, UCP2, and AMPD1) and a T100™ Thermal Cycler (Bio-Rad, Germany) instrument (ACE and BDKRB2). We found that the UCP2 Ala55Val polymorphism was associated with running performance, with the subjects carrying the Val allele being overrepresented in the group of most successful runners (<100 min) compared to the >100 min group (84.2 vs. 55.8%; OR = 4.23, p < 0.0001). Next, to assess the combined impact of 4 gene polymorphisms, all athletes were classified according to the number of 'endurance' alleles (ACE I, NOS3 Glu, BDKRB2 -9, UCP2 Val) they possessed. The proportion of subjects with a high (4-7) number of 'endurance' alleles was greater in the better half marathoners group compared with the >100 min group (73.7 vs. 51.9%; OR = 2.6, p = 0.0034). These data suggest that the likelihood of becoming an elite half marathoner partly depends on the carriage of a high number of endurance-related alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gronek
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Gymnastics and Dance, University School of Physical Education in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Gronek
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Gymnastics and Dance, University School of Physical Education in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewelina Lulińska-Kuklik
- Department of Tourism and Recreation, University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Spieszny
- Institute of Sports, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Niewczas
- Faculty of Physical Education University of Rzeszów, RzeszówPoland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Tourism and Recreation, University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Miroslav Petr
- Department of Sport Games, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Patricia Fischerova
- Department of Methodology, Statistics and Informatics, J.Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, KatowicePoland
| | - Ildus I. Ahmetov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Piotr Żmijewski
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
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Grenda A, Sawczuk M, Kaczmarczyk M, Maciejewska A, Umiastowska D, Łubkowska W, Żmijewski P, Cięszczyk P. Does the GNB3 C825T Polymorphism Influence Swimming Performance in Competitive Swimmers? J Hum Kinet 2015; 47:99-106. [PMID: 26557194 PMCID: PMC4633272 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphism C825T located within the GNB3 gene has been proposed in the literature as the performance enhancing polymorphism in highly trained athletes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to verify the hypothesis assuming an association between the C825T polymorphic site and performance of competitive swimmers. The frequencies of C/T alleles and distribution of CC, CT and TT genotypes of the C825T GNB3 polymorphism were compared between athletes and nonathletic controls as well as between sprint and endurance swimmers. Genomic DNA was extracted from 197 competitive swimmers (50 long distance swimmers (LDS) and 147 short distance swimmers (SDS)) and 379 sedentary volunteers. The allele frequencies and genotype distribution of the C825T polymorphic site were not significantly different when LDS and SDS were compared to sedentary controls. Gender-specific analysis did not reveal any significant differences in allele and genotype distribution, neither between female controls and female swimmers nor between male controls and male swimmers. No significant differences in allele frequencies and genotype distribution were observed when LDS and SDS as well as groups of swimmers stratified by gender were compared. The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene is associated with swimming performance in competitive swimmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Grenda
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, West Pomeranian Technological University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marek Sawczuk
- University of Szczecin, Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Szczecin, Poland. ; Academy of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Sport Education, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Maciejewska
- University of Szczecin, Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Danuta Umiastowska
- University of Szczecin, Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wioletta Łubkowska
- University of Szczecin, Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- University of Szczecin, Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Szczecin, Poland. ; Academy of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Sport Education, Gdansk, Poland
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Abstract
Understanding the genetic architecture of athletic performance is an important step in the development of methods for talent identification in sport. Research concerned with molecular predictors has highlighted a number of potentially important DNA polymorphisms contributing to predisposition to success in certain types of sport. This review summarizes the evidence and mechanistic insights on the associations between DNA polymorphisms and athletic performance. A literature search (period: 1997-2014) revealed that at least 120 genetic markers are linked to elite athlete status (77 endurance-related genetic markers and 43 power/strength-related genetic markers). Notably, 11 (9%) of these genetic markers (endurance markers: ACE I, ACTN3 577X, PPARA rs4253778 G, PPARGC1A Gly482; power/strength markers: ACE D, ACTN3 Arg577, AMPD1 Gln12, HIF1A 582Ser, MTHFR rs1801131 C, NOS3 rs2070744 T, PPARG 12Ala) have shown positive associations with athlete status in three or more studies, and six markers (CREM rs1531550 A, DMD rs939787 T, GALNT13 rs10196189 G, NFIA-AS1 rs1572312 C, RBFOX1 rs7191721 G, TSHR rs7144481 C) were identified after performing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of African-American, Jamaican, Japanese, and Russian athletes. On the other hand, the significance of 29 (24%) markers was not replicated in at least one study. Future research including multicenter GWAS, whole-genome sequencing, epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic profiling and performing meta-analyses in large cohorts of athletes is needed before these findings can be extended to practice in sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildus I Ahmetov
- Sport Technology Research Center, Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia.
| | - Olga N Fedotovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zarebska A, Jastrzebski Z, Kaczmarczyk M, Ficek K, Maciejewska-Karlowska A, Sawczuk M, Leońska-Duniec A, Krol P, Cieszczyk P, Zmijewski P, Eynon N. THE GSTP1 c.313A>G POLYMORPHISM MODULATES THE CARDIORESPIRATORY RESPONSE TO AEROBIC TRAINING. Biol Sport 2014; 31:261-6. [PMID: 25435667 PMCID: PMC4203841 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1120932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The GSTP1 c.313A>G polymorphism is a candidate to explain some of the individual differences in cardiorespiratory fitness phenotypes’ responses to aerobic exercise training. We aim to explore the association between the GSTP1 c.313A>G polymorphism and the response to low-high impact aerobic exercise training. Sixty-six Polish Caucasian women were genotyped for the GSTP1 c.313A>G polymorphism; 62 of them completed 12-week aerobic (50-75% HRmax) exercise training and were measured for selected somatic features (body mass and BMI) and cardiorespiratory fitness indices – maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max, maximum heart rate (HRmax), maximum ventilation (VEmax) and anaerobic threshold (AT) – before and after the training period. Two-factor analysis of variance revealed a main training effect for body mass reduction (p=0.007) and BMI reduction (p=0.013), improvements of absolute and relative VO2max (both p<0.001), and increased VEmax (p=0.005), but not for changes in fat-free mass (FFM) (p=0.162). However, a significant training x GSTP1 c.313A>G interaction was found only for FFM (p=0.042), absolute and relative VO2max (p=0.029 and p=0.026), and VEmax (p=0.005). As the result of training, significantly greater improvements in VO2max, VEmax and FFM were gained by the GG+GA group compared to the AA genotype group. The results support the hypothesis that heterogeneity in individual response to training stimuli is at least in part determined by genetics, and GSTP1 c.313A>G may be considered as one (of what appear to be many) target polymorphisms to influence these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zarebska
- Academy of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Z Jastrzebski
- Academy of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk, Poland
| | - M Kaczmarczyk
- Academy of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk, Poland ; Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Szczecin, Poland
| | - K Ficek
- University of Szczecin, Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Szczecin, Poland
| | - A Maciejewska-Karlowska
- University of Szczecin, Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Szczecin, Poland
| | - M Sawczuk
- University of Szczecin, Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Szczecin, Poland
| | - A Leońska-Duniec
- University of Szczecin, Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Szczecin, Poland
| | - P Krol
- University of Rzeszów, Department of Physical Culture, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - P Cieszczyk
- University of Szczecin, Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Szczecin, Poland
| | - P Zmijewski
- Institute of Sport, Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport, Warsaw, Poland
| | - N Eynon
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Australia
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Grenda A, Leońska-Duniec A, Cięszczyk P, Zmijewski P. Bdkrb2 gene -9/+9 polymorphism and swimming performance. Biol Sport 2014; 31:109-13. [PMID: 24899774 PMCID: PMC4042657 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1096047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between swimming performance and the -9/+9 (rs5810761) polymorphism within the BDKRB2 gene in successful competitive swimmers. Best individual swimming results expressed in FINA points achieved at short, middle and long distance events of 157 well-trained Polish swimmers were incorporated into an analysis. Athletes' genotype and allele distributions were analysed in comparison to 230 unrelated sedentary subjects who served as controls with the χ(2) test. All samples were genotyped for the BDKRB2 -9/+9 polymorphism using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The effects of genotype on swimming performance were analysed with two-way (3 x 2; genotype x gender) analysis of variance with metrical age as a covariate for each distance specialization. No statistical differences in the genotype and allele frequencies were found in long distance swimmers when compared with the total group of swimmers or controls. The BDKRB2 +9/-9 genotype had no significant effect on swimming performance at short, middle or long distance, regardless of gender. The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that the BDKRB2 -9/+9 polymorphism is associated with swimming performance in Polish swimmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grenda
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, West Pomeranian Technological University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - A Leońska-Duniec
- Faculty of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland ; Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Academy of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - P Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland ; Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Academy of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - P Zmijewski
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport, Warsaw, Poland
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Sawczuk M, Maciejewska-Karłowska A, Cięszczyk P, Leońska-Duniec A. Is gnb3 c825t polymorphism associated with elite status of polish athletes? Biol Sport 2014; 31:21-5. [PMID: 24917685 PMCID: PMC3994581 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1083275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The GNB3 gene encodes the beta 3 subunit of heterotrimeric G-proteins that are key components of intracellular signal transduction between G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) and intracellular effectors and might be considered as a potential candidate gene for physical performance. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare frequency distribution of the common C to T polymorphism at position 825 (C825T) of the GNB3 gene between athletes and nonathletic controls of the Polish population as well as to compare the genotype distribution and allele frequency of C825T variants within a group of athletes, i.e. between athletes of sports of different metabolic demands and competitive levels. METHODS The study was performed in a group of 223 Polish athletes of the highest nationally competitive standard (123 endurance-oriented athletes and 100 strength/ power athletes). Control samples were prepared from 354 unrelated, sedentary volunteers. RESULTS The χ(2) test revealed no statistical differences between the endurance-oriented athletes and the control group or between sprint/strength athletes and the control group across the GNB3 825C/T genotypes. There were no male-female genotype or allele frequency differences in controls or in either strength/power or endurance-oriented athletes. No statistically significant differences in either allele frequencies or genotype distribution were noted between the top-elite, elite or sub-elite of endurance-oriented and strength/power athletes and the control group. CONCLUSIONS No association between elite status of Polish athletes and the GNB3 C825T polymorphic site has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sawczuk
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - A Maciejewska-Karłowska
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - P Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland ; Department of Sport Education, Academy of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - A Leońska-Duniec
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland ; Department of Sport Education, Academy of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
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Girolami JP, Blaes N, Bouby N, Alhenc-Gelas F. Genetic manipulation and genetic variation of the kallikrein-kinin system: impact on cardiovascular and renal diseases. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2014; 69:145-196. [PMID: 25130042 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06683-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetic manipulation of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) in mice, with either gain or loss of function, and study of human genetic variability in KKS components which has been well documented at the phenotypic and genomic level, have allowed recognizing the physiological role of KKS in health and in disease. This role has been especially documented in the cardiovascular system and the kidney. Kinins are produced at slow rate in most organs in resting condition and/or inactivated quickly. Yet the KKS is involved in arterial function and in renal tubular function. In several pathological situations, kinin production increases, kinin receptor synthesis is upregulated, and kinins play an important role, whether beneficial or detrimental, in disease outcome. In the setting of ischemic, diabetic or hemodynamic aggression, kinin release by tissue kallikrein protects against organ damage, through B2 and/or B1 bradykinin receptor activation, depending on organ and disease. This has been well documented for the ischemic or diabetic heart, kidney and skeletal muscle, where KKS activity reduces oxidative stress, limits necrosis or fibrosis and promotes angiogenesis. On the other hand, in some pathological situations where plasma prekallikrein is inappropriately activated, excess kinin release in local or systemic circulation is detrimental, through oedema or hypotension. Putative therapeutic application of these clinical and experimental findings through current pharmacological development is discussed in the chapter.
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Sawczuk M, Timshina YI, Astratenkova IV, Maciejewska-Karłowska A, Leońska-Duniec A, Ficek K, Mustafina LJ, Ciszczyk P, Klocek T, Ahmetov II. The -9 /+9 Polymorphism of the Bradykinin Receptor Beta 2 Gene and Athlete Status: A Study Involving Two European Cohorts. Hum Biol 2013; 85:741-56. [DOI: 10.3378/027.085.0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Association of genome variations in the renin-angiotensin system with physical performance. Hum Genomics 2012; 6:24. [PMID: 23176367 PMCID: PMC3543191 DOI: 10.1186/1479-7364-6-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine the genotype distribution and allelic frequencies of ACE (I/D), AGTR1 (A +1166 C), BDKRB2 (+9/−9) and LEP (G–2548A) genomic variations in 175 Greek athletes who excelled at a national and/or international level and 169 healthy Greek adults to identify whether some particular combinations of these loci might serve as predictive markers for superior physical condition. Results The D/D genotype of the ACE gene (p = 0.034) combined with the simultaneous existence of BDKRB2 (+9/−9) (p = 0.001) or LEP (G/A) (p = 0.021) genotypes was the most prevalent among female athletes compared to female controls. A statistical trend was also observed in BDKRB2 (+9/−9) and LEP (G–2548A) heterozygous genotypes among male and female Greek athletes, and in ACE (I/D) only in male athletes. Finally, both male and female athletes showed the highest rates in the AGTR1 (A/A) genotype. Conclusions Our results suggest that the co-existence of ACE (D/D), BDKRB2 (+9/−9) or LEP (G/A) genotypes in female athletes might be correlated with a superior level of physical performance.
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Abstract
Nuclear respiratory factor 2 (NRF2), also referred to as the GA-binding protein (GABP) transcription factor, is a key transcriptional activator of many nuclear genes which encode a wide range of mitochondrial enzymes. The variants of the GABPB1 gene encoding the beta1 subunit of NRF2 protein have been associated with physical performance, particularly endurance. The aim of this study was to confirm the possible importance of the A/G polymorphism (rs7181866) in intron 3 of the GABPB1 gene in Polish rowers. The study was carried out on 55 Polish rowers and sedentary individuals, to evaluate the possible relationships between genotype and physical performance. DNA was extracted from buccal cells donated by the subjects. Genotyping was carried out by PCR-RFLP. The results revealed that the frequency of the GABPB1 A/G genotype (89.09% AA; 10.91% AG, 0% GG; vs. 97.69% AA; 2.31% AG; 0.00% GG) %; P = 0.012) and G allele (5.50% vs. 1.17%; P = 0.014) was significantly higher in the rowers compared to controls. The results suggest that the GABPB1 gene can be taken into consideration as a genetic marker in endurance athletes. However, these conclusions should be supported with more experimental studies on other GABPB1 polymorphisms and other genes in elite endurance athletes.
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