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Dynamic changes of monocytes subsets predict major adverse cardiovascular events and left ventricular function after STEMI. Sci Rep 2023; 13:48. [PMID: 36593308 PMCID: PMC9807564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26688-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored how dynamic changes in monocyte subset counts (as opposed to static values to specific time points), and their phagocytic and NFκB activity relate to major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Changes in counts, phagocytic activity and intracellular levels of inhibitory κB kinase β (IKKβ) (a marker of NFκB activity) of monocyte subsets (CD14++CD16-CCR2+ [Mon1], CD14++CD16+CCR2+ [Mon2] and CD14+CD16++CCR2- [Mon3]) were measured by flow cytometry in patients with STEMI at baseline, and again after one week, two weeks, and one month. LVEF was measured by echocardiography at baseline and six months after STEMI. Baseline data included 245 patients (mean ± SD age 60 ± 12 years; 22% female), who were followed for a median of 46 (19-61) months. Multivariate Cox regression demonstrated that more prominent dynamic reduction in Mon2 by week 1 (n = 37) was independently associated with fewer MACE (HR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01-0.55, p = 0.01). Also, less prominent reduction in Mon2 at month 1 (n = 24) was independently predictive of 6-month LVEF. None of the other dynamic changes in monocyte subsets were associated with changes in survival from MACE. Neither phagocytic activity nor IKKβ were associated with survival for each monocyte subset. We showed how distinct pattern of dynamic changes in Mon2 are related to both MACE risk and recovery of cardiac contractility. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism of the monocyte effect and possibilities of their pharmacological manipulation.
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Kir MC, Onal MO, Uluer ET, Ulman C, Inan S. Continuous and intermittent parathyroid hormone administration promotes osteogenic differentiation and activity of programmable cells of monocytic origin. Biotech Histochem 2022; 97:593-603. [PMID: 35473476 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2022.2049876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone healing deficiencies are challenging for orthopedic practice. The use of stem cells with scaffolds to treat bone tissue losses currently is popular for promoting regeneration of tissue. Programmable cells of monocytic origin (PCMO) may differentiate into three germ layers and may be a promising alternative treatment due to their stem cell-like properties. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) participates in bone metabolism. Intermittent administration of PTH promotes osteogenic activity of mesenchymal stem cdells (MSC). We investigated the osteogenic effects of continuous and intermittent administration of PTH on PCMO. Mononuclear cells were harvested from the peripheral blood of healthy donors. Isolated cells were cultured for six days in a de-differentiation medium. Indirect immunocytochemistry using anti-CD14, anti-CD45 and anti-CD90 primary antibodies, as well as electron microscopy were used to detect PCMO. PCMO then were cultured in an osteogenic differentiation medium supplemented with continuous or intermittent 50 ng/ml PTH. The PTH-free control group (CG), intermittent PTH treated group (IPG) and continuous PTH treated group (CPG) were cultured and assessed for their differentiation into osteogenic lineage cells by indirect immunocytochemistry using anti-collagen I, anti-osteonectin and anti-osteocalcin primary antibodies. Osteoblast-like cells obtained by continuous or intermittent PTH administration exhibited increased levels of collagen I, osteonectin and osteocalcin immunoreactivity. We found that continuous and intermittent PTH administration to PCMO enhanced their differentiation to osteogenic lineage cells and increased osteoblastic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Kir
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M O Onal
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - E T Uluer
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - C Ulman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - S Inan
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
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Berndt R, Albrecht M, Rusch R. Strategies to Overcome the Barrier of Ischemic Microenvironment in Cell Therapy of Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052312. [PMID: 33669136 PMCID: PMC7956787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of various immune cell types are promising approaches for the treatment of ischemic cardiovascular disease including myocardial infarction (MI) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Major limitation of these so-called Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) is the ischemic microenvironment affecting cell homeostasis and limiting the demanded effect of the transplanted cell products. Accordingly, different clinical and experimental strategies have been evolved to overcome these obstacles. Here, we give a short review of the different experimental and clinical strategies to solve these issues due to ischemic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouven Berndt
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
- Vascular Research Center, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0431)-500-22033; Fax: +49-(0431)-500-22024
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - René Rusch
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
- Vascular Research Center, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Gurvich OL, Puttonen KA, Bailey A, Kailaanmäki A, Skirdenko V, Sivonen M, Pietikäinen S, Parker NR, Ylä-Herttuala S, Kekarainen T. Transcriptomics uncovers substantial variability associated with alterations in manufacturing processes of macrophage cell therapy products. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14049. [PMID: 32820219 PMCID: PMC7441152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression plasticity is central for macrophages' timely responses to cues from the microenvironment permitting phenotypic adaptation from pro-inflammatory (M1) to wound healing and tissue-regenerative (M2, with several subclasses). Regulatory macrophages are a distinct macrophage type, possessing immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic properties. Due to these features, regulatory macrophages are considered as a potential cell therapy product to treat clinical conditions, e.g., non-healing diabetic foot ulcers. In this study we characterized two differently manufactured clinically relevant regulatory macrophages, programmable cells of monocytic origin and comparator macrophages (M1, M2a and M0) using flow-cytometry, RT-qPCR, phagocytosis and secretome measurements, and RNA-Seq. We demonstrate that conventional phenotyping had a limited potential to discriminate different types of macrophages which was ameliorated when global transcriptome characterization by RNA-Seq was employed. Using this approach we confirmed that macrophage manufacturing processes can result in a highly reproducible cell phenotype. At the same time, minor changes introduced in manufacturing resulted in phenotypically and functionally distinct regulatory macrophage types. Additionally, we have identified a novel constellation of process specific biomarkers, which will support further clinical product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga L Gurvich
- Kuopio Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Microkatu 1S, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja A Puttonen
- Kuopio Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Microkatu 1S, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aubrey Bailey
- Kuopio Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Microkatu 1S, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anssi Kailaanmäki
- Kuopio Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Microkatu 1S, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vita Skirdenko
- Kuopio Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Microkatu 1S, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna Sivonen
- Kuopio Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Microkatu 1S, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna Pietikäinen
- Kuopio Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Microkatu 1S, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nigel R Parker
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuija Kekarainen
- Kuopio Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Microkatu 1S, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.
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Berndt R. Transplantation von reprogrammierten Zellen monozytären Ursprungs. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-019-0310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Berndt R, Hummitzsch L, Heß K, Albrecht M, Zitta K, Rusch R, Sarras B, Bayer A, Cremer J, Faendrich F, Groß J. Allogeneic transplantation of programmable cells of monocytic origin (PCMO) improves angiogenesis and tissue recovery in critical limb ischemia (CLI): a translational approach. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:117. [PMID: 29703251 PMCID: PMC5921555 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0871-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKROUND Employing growth factor-induced partial reprogramming in vitro, peripheral human blood monocytes can acquire a state of plasticity along with expression of various markers of pluripotency. These so-called programmable cells of monocytic origin (PCMO) hold great promise in regenerative therapies. The aim of this translational study was to explore and exploit the functional properties of PCMO for allogeneic cell transplantation therapy in critical limb ischemia (CLI). METHODS Using our previously described differentiation protocol, murine and human monocytes were differentiated into PCMO. We examined paracrine secretion of pro-angiogenic and tissue recovery-associated proteins under hypoxia and induction of angiogenesis by PCMO in vitro. Allogeneic cell transplantation of PCMO was performed in a hind limb ischemia mouse model in comparison to cell transplantation of native monocytes and a placebo group. Moreover, we analyzed retrospectively four healing attempts with PCMO in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD; Rutherford classification, stage 5 and 6). Statistical analysis was performed by using one-way ANOVA, Tukey's test or the Student's t test, p < 0.05. RESULTS Cell culture experiments revealed good resilience of PCMO under hypoxia, enhanced paracrine release of pro-angiogenic and tissue recovery-associated proteins and induction of angiogenesis in vitro by PCMO. Animal experiments demonstrated significantly enhanced SO2 saturation, blood flow, neoangiogenesis and tissue recovery after treatment with PCMO compared to treatment with native monocytes and placebo. Finally, first therapeutic application of PCMO in humans demonstrated increased vascular collaterals and improved wound healing in patients with chronic CLI without exaggerated immune response, malignant processes or extended infection after 12 months. In all patients minor and/or major amputations of the lower extremity could be avoided. CONCLUSIONS In summary, PCMO improve angiogenesis and tissue recovery in chronic ischemic muscle and first clinical results promise to provide an effective and safe treatment of CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouven Berndt
- Department of Cardiaovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Hs 18, D-24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Lars Hummitzsch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katharina Heß
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karina Zitta
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rene Rusch
- Department of Cardiaovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Hs 18, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Beke Sarras
- Department of Cardiaovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Hs 18, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Bayer
- Department of Cardiaovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Hs 18, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochen Cremer
- Department of Cardiaovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Hs 18, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fred Faendrich
- Department of Applied Cell Therapy, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Justus Groß
- Department of Cardiaovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Hs 18, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
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Berndt R, Albrecht M. Reprogrammierte Monozyten in der kardiovaskulären Therapie. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-017-0204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Açil Y, Möller B, Wiltfang J, Fändrich F, Ungefroren H. Programmable cells of monocytic origin as a source of osteochondroprogenitors: Effect of growth factors on osteogenic differentiation. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2017; 45:1515-1520. [PMID: 28688862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that peripheral blood monocytes can be converted in vitro to a multipotent stem cell-like cell termed programmable cell of monocytic origin (PCMO) and subsequently into cells with chondrocyte-like phenotype. Here, we investigated whether PCMO could also be differentiated into osteoblast-like cells using growth factors with known osteoinductive potency. Following stimulation with BMP-2, BMP-7, IGF-1 or TGF-β1 for 7 and 14 days, PCMOs were analyzed for mRNA expression of collagen types I and V, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) and Osterix (Osx) by quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) and the levels of collagen I in culture supernatants by ELISA. The expression of osteoblastic markers was evident, albeit at a different extent in cultures of PCMOs after treatment with the above-mentioned growth factors. Culture supernatants from PCMOs stimulated for 6-10 days with BMP-2, BMP-7, IGF-1 or TGF-β1 contained high levels of collagen type I, together with earlier data indicating synthesis and proper secretion. The findings suggest that PCMOs can transform into cells that are phenotypically similar to osteoblasts and identify these cells as osteochondroprogenitors. The possibility of differentiating PCMOs from peripheral blood in sizable quantities could be a novel way to obtain autologous bone-like substitutes without donor-site morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Açil
- Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Björn Möller
- Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörg Wiltfang
- Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Fred Fändrich
- Institute for Applied Cell Therapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hendrik Ungefroren
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
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High-intensity Interval training enhances mobilization/functionality of endothelial progenitor cells and depressed shedding of vascular endothelial cells undergoing hypoxia. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:2375-2388. [PMID: 27761657 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exercise training improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation, whereas hypoxic stress causes vascular endothelial dysfunction. Monocyte-derived endothelial progenitor cells (Mon-EPCs) contribute to vascular repair process by differentiating into endothelial cells. This study investigates how high-intensity interval (HIT) and moderate-intensity continuous (MCT) exercise training affect circulating Mon-EPC levels and EPC functionality under hypoxic condition. METHODS Sixty healthy sedentary males were randomized to engage in either HIT (3-min intervals at 40 and 80 % VO2max for five repetitions, n = 20) or MCT (sustained 60 % VO2max, n = 20) for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks, or to a control group (CTL) that did not received exercise intervention (n = 20). Mon-EPC characteristics and EPC functionality under hypoxic exercise (HE, 100 W under 12 % O2) were determined before and after HIT, MCT, and CTL. RESULTS The results demonstrated that after the intervention, the HIT group exhibited larger improvements in VO2peak, estimated peak cardiac output (QC), and estimated peak perfusions of frontal cerebral lobe (QFC) and vastus lateralis (QVL) than the MCT group. Furthermore, HIT (a) increased circulating CD14++/CD16-/CD34+/KDR+ (Mon-1 EPC) and CD14++/CD16+/CD34+/KDR+ (Mon-2 EPC) cell counts, (b) promoted the migration and tube formation of EPCs, (c) diminished the shedding of endothelial (CD34-/KDR+/phosphatidylserine+) cells, and (d) elevated plasma nitrite plus nitrate, stromal cell-derived factor-1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A concentrations at rest or following HE, compared to those of MCT. In addition, Mon-1 and -2 EPC counts were directly related to VO2peak and estimated peak QC, QFC, and QVL. CONCLUSIONS HIT is superior to MCT for improving hemodynamic adaptation and Mon-EPC production. Moreover, HIT effectively enhances EPC functionality and suppresses endothelial injury undergoing hypoxia.
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Micropartículas de pequeño tamaño como indicadores del estado agudo en la insuficiencia cardiaca sistólica. Rev Esp Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Montoro-García S, Shantsila E, Wrigley BJ, Tapp LD, Abellán Alemán J, Lip GYH. Small-size Microparticles as Indicators of Acute Decompensated State in Ischemic Heart Failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 68:951-8. [PMID: 25819989 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Microparticles are markers for cell activation and apoptosis and could provide valuable information that is not available from clinical data. This study assesses the clinical and biological relationship of small-sized microparticles in different forms of ischemic systolic heart failure and their relation to markers of inflammation and repair. METHODS We compared 49 patients with acute heart failure, 39 with stable heart failure and 25 patients with stable coronary artery disease. Small-size microparticles counts were determined by high-resolution flow cytometry. Moreover, 3 different monocyte subpopulations and their expression of inflammatory and adhesive scavenger receptors were analyzed using a conventional flow cytometer. RESULTS Endothelial CD144+ microparticle counts were decreased in heart failure groups (P=.008). Annexin V-binding microparticle counts were found increased in heart failure (P=.024) and in patients with lower functional class (P=.013). Platelet CD42b+ microparticle counts positively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (P=.006), and annexin V-binding microparticle counts with interleukin-6 levels in stable heart failure (P=.034). Annexin V-binding microparticle counts in the acute status strongly correlated with toll-like receptor-4 expression on all monocyte subsets (all P<.01). Three months after admission with acute heart failure, annexin V-binding microparticle counts were positively correlated with receptors for interleukin-6, CD163 and CD204 (all P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Annexin V-binding microparticle counts constitute valuable hallmarks of acute decompensated state in systolic heart failure. The observed relationship between small-size annexin V-binding microparticles and scavenger receptors supports their involvement in the progression of the acute response to injury, and thus their contribution to the pathogenesis of acute decompensated heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Montoro-García
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Departamento de Riesgo Cardiovascular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eduard Shantsila
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin J Wrigley
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Luke D Tapp
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - José Abellán Alemán
- Departamento de Riesgo Cardiovascular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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Phenotypic and functional comparison of two distinct subsets of programmable cell of monocytic origin (PCMOs)-derived dendritic cells with conventional monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2015; 13:160-9. [PMID: 25661728 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells with the ability to induce primary T-cell responses. They are commonly produced by culturing monocytes in the presence of IL-4 and GM-CSF (cells produced in this manner are called conventional DCs). Here we report the generation of two functionally distinct subsets of DCs derived from programmable cells of monocytic origin (PCMOs) in the presence of IL-3 or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Monocytes were treated with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and IL-3 for 6 days and then incubated with IL-4 and IL-3 (for IL-3 DCs) or with IL-4, GM-CSF and TNF-α (for TNF-α DCs) for 7 days. Monocytes were then loaded with tumor lysate (used as antigen), and poly (I∶C) was added. The maturation factors TNF-α and monocyte conditioned medium (MCM) were added on days 4 and 5, respectively. The phenotypes of the DCs generated were characterized by flow cytometry, and the cells' phagocytic activities were measured using FITC-conjugated latex bead uptake. T-cell proliferation and cytokine release were assayed using MTT and commercially available ELISA kits, respectively. We found that either IL-3DCs or TNF-α DCs induce T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion; the cytokine release pattern showed reduced IL-12/IL-10 and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratios in both types of DCs and in DC-primed T-cell supernatant, respectively, which confirmed that the primed T cells were polarized toward aTh2-type immune response. We concluded that PCMOs are a new cell source that can develop into two functionally distinct DCs that both induce a Th2-type response in vitro. This modality can be used as a DC-based immunotherapy for autoimmune diseases.
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Zachos C, Steubesand N, Seekamp A, Fuchs S, Lippross S. Co-cultures of programmable cells of monocytic origin and mesenchymal stem cells do increase osteogenic differentiation. J Orthop Res 2014; 32:1264-70. [PMID: 24961926 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Impaired bone healing can occur with numerous pathologic conditions like trauma, osteoporosis, and infection. Therefore tissue-engineering strategies that aim to enhance osteogenic differentiation of stem cells in order to accelerate bone healing are a major goal of contemporary regenerative research. In this study we cultivated mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) together with the recently patented programmable cells of monocytic origin (PCMO) to test whether co-cultures promote an osteogenic differentiation process. PCMO have recently been shown to have pluripotent characteristics and do support the regeneration processes of liver and heart diseases. Quantitative real time PCR expression profiles of osteogenic marker genes such as alkaline phosphatase in co-cultures of PCMO and MSC showed that MSC differentiated into osteoblast-like cells more rapidly as compared to mono-cultures. Alkaline phosphatase expression and enzyme activity levels were highly increased in co-cultures compared to mono-cultures of MSC. Tests for mineralized matrix formation also indicated that PCMO have a positive effect on co-cultured MSC under osteogenic culture conditions. However, analysis of collagen 1A did not show enhanced expression. In summary, PCMO obviously have the ability to promote osteogenic differentiation of MSC in vitro while their own pluripotent potential is not sufficient to develop osteoblast-like characteristics themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Zachos
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller Strasse 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
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Shantsila E, Tapp LD, Wrigley BJ, Pamukcu B, Apostolakis S, Montoro-García S, Lip GYH. Monocyte subsets in coronary artery disease and their associations with markers of inflammation and fibrinolysis. Atherosclerosis 2014; 234:4-10. [PMID: 24583499 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The multiple roles of monocytes in atherogenesis, including inflammation, angiogenesis and repair are attributed to the existence of different monocyte sub-populations. Scarce data are available on changes in phenotype and functional status of human monocyte subsets in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), especially when monocytes are evaluated as three distinct subsets. METHODS AND RESULTS Surface expression of receptors implicated in inflammation, repair and activation status (intracellular IKKβ) of monocyte subsets was assessed by flow cytometry in 53 patients with CAD and compared to 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Monocyte subsets were defined as CD14++CD16-CCR2+ (Mon1), CD14++CD16+CCR2+ (Mon2), and CD14+CD16++CCR2- (Mon3). Plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines (FACSArray) and fibrinolytic factors (ELISA) were measured in CAD. CAD was associated with reduced expression of CD14 on Mon1 (p = 0.02) and Mon3 (p = 0.036), higher expression of IL6 receptor on Mon1 (p = 0.025) and Mon2 (p = 0.015), CXCR4 on Mon1 (p = 0.035) and Mon3 (p = 0.003), and CD34 on all subsets (all p < 0.007). Monocyte CD163 expression correlated negatively with interleukin (IL)-6 levels (p < 0.01 for all subsets). Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 correlated positively with plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 antigen levels (r = 0.47, p = 0.006). In vitro, monocyte subsets derived from CAD patients showed significantly altered responses to endotoxin stimulation compared to monocytes from healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS There is a complex interplay between phenotype and activity of monocytes and plasma cytokines and fibrinolytic factors. These findings support the presence of unique roles for the three human monocyte subsets in atherogenesis and CAD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Shantsila
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, United Kingdom.
| | - Luke D Tapp
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin J Wrigley
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, United Kingdom
| | - Burak Pamukcu
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, United Kingdom
| | - Stavros Apostolakis
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Montoro-García
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, United Kingdom
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Huang F, Li ML, Fang ZF, Hu XQ, Liu QM, Liu ZJ, Tang L, Zhao YS, Zhou SH. Overexpression of MicroRNA-1 improves the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation after myocardial infarction. Cardiology 2013; 125:18-30. [PMID: 23615185 DOI: 10.1159/000347081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this research was to study whether transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) overexpressing microRNA-1 into mouse infarcted myocardium can enhance cardiac myocyte differentiation and improve cardiac function efficiently. METHODS Eight-week-old female C57BL/6 mice underwent ligation of the left coronary artery to produce models of myocardial infarction. The ligated animals were randomly divided into 4 groups (20 in each). One week later, they were intramyocardially injected at the heart infarcted zone with microRNA-1-transduced MSCs (MSC(miR-1) group), mock-vector-transduced MSCs (MSC(null) group), MSCs (MSC group) or medium (PBS group). At 4 weeks post-transplantation, transthoracic echocardiographic assessment, histological evaluation and Western blot were performed. RESULTS The transplanted MSCs were able to differentiate into cardiomyocytes in the infarcted zone. Cardiac function in the MSC, MSC(null) and MSC(miR-1) groups was significantly improved compared to the PBS group (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001). However, treatment of MSCs expressing microRNA-1 was more effective for cardiac repair and improved cardiac function more efficiently by enhancing cell survival and cardiac myocyte differentiation compared to the MSC group or the MSC(null) groups (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Transplantation of microRNA-1-transfected MSCs was more conducive to repair of infarct injury and improved heart function by enhancing transplanted cells survival and cardiomyogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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16
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Otaka S, Nagura S, Koike C, Okabe M, Yoshida T, Fathy M, Yanagi K, Misaki T, Nikaido T. Selective isolation of nanog-positive human amniotic mesenchymal cells and differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Cell Reprogram 2013; 15:80-91. [PMID: 23298400 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2012.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult cardiomyocytes have little ability to regenerate, thus cardiac regeneration therapy represents a potential method for treating severe heart failure. Human amniotic mesenchymal cells (hAMCs) have the potential to be a useful cell source for cardiac regeneration therapy. We attempted to isolate stem cells from hAMCs and differentiate them into cardiomyocytes. Nanog promoter-Cre plasmid and cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter-loxP-STOP-loxP-Red-puro(r) plasmid were co-transfected into immortalized hAMCs (iHAMs). Nanog-positive iHAMs were treated with 5-azacytidine (5-aza), trichostatin A (TA), activin A (AA), and bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4), or co-cultured with murine fetal cardiomyocytes for cardiomyocytes differentiation. Isolated Nanog-positive iHAMs were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR and immunofluorescent staining before and after differentiation. Expression of Nanog, Oct3/4, Sox2, and Klf4 was significantly higher in Nanog-positive than in Nanog-negative iHAMs. Nanog-positive iHAMs were stained for Nanog and Oct3/4 in the nucleus. Nanog-positive iHAMs treated with 5-aza expressed Nkx2.5, GATA-4, human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP), cardiac troponin T (cTnT), myocin light chain (Mlc)-2a, Mlc-2v, β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC), hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide gated channels (HCN)-4, and inwardly rectifying potassium channels (Kir)-2.1. Although Nanog-positive iHAMs treated with TA, AA, or BMP-4 expressed several cardiac markers, no contraction was observed. Co-cultured Nanog-positive iHAMs with murine fetal cardiomyocytes spontaneously contracted in a synchronized manner and expressed the cardiac markers. In conclusion, Nanog-positive hAMCs with characteristics of stem cells were isolated and differentiated into cardiomyocyte-like cells, suggesting that these isolated hAMCs could be a useful cell source for cardiac regeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Otaka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
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17
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HUANG FENG, ZHU XIAO, HU XINQUN, FANG ZHENFEI, TANG LIANG, LU XIAOLING, ZHOU SHENGHUA. Mesenchymal stem cells modified with miR-126 release angiogenic factors and activate Notch ligand Delta-like-4, enhancing ischemic angiogenesis and cell survival. Int J Mol Med 2012; 31:484-92. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Fibronectin binding is required for acquisition of mesenchymal/endothelial differentiation potential in human circulating monocytes. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:820827. [PMID: 23251222 PMCID: PMC3509376 DOI: 10.1155/2012/820827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported monocyte-derived multipotential cells (MOMCs), which include progenitors capable of differentiating into a variety of mesenchymal cells and endothelial cells. In vitro generation of MOMCs from circulating CD14(+) monocytes requires their binding to extracellular matrix (ECM) protein and exposure to soluble factor(s) derived from circulating CD14(-) cells. Here, we investigated the molecular factors involved in MOMC generation by examining the binding of monocytes to ECM proteins. We found that MOMCs were obtained on the fibronectin, but not on type I collagen, laminin, or poly-L-lysine. MOMC generation was followed by changes in the expression profiles of transcription factors and was completely inhibited by either anti-α(5) integrin antibody or a synthetic peptide that competed with the RGD domain for the β(1)-integrin binding site. These results indicate that acquisition of the multidifferentiation potential by circulating monocytes depends on their binding to the RGD domain of fibronectin via cell-surface α(5)β(1) integrin.
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19
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Qu G, von Schroeder HP. Preliminary Evidence for the Dedifferentiation of RAW 264.7 Cells into Mesenchymal Progenitor-Like Cells by a Purine Analog. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:1890-901. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Qu
- Bone Lab, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Herbert P. von Schroeder
- Bone Lab, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University Hand Program, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Tapp LD, Shantsila E, Wrigley BJ, Pamukcu B, Lip GYH. The CD14++CD16+ monocyte subset and monocyte-platelet interactions in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:1231-41. [PMID: 22212813 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Monocytes contribute to both myocardial damage and repair by virtue of subset heterogeneity. The dynamics and functional characteristics of the three human monocyte subsets, including the unique CD14++CD16+ subset, and their contributions to monocyte platelet aggregates (MPAs) following ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are unknown. We aimed to examine dynamic changes and relation to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of the three human monocyte subsets and their aggregates with platelets following STEMI. METHODS Three monocyte subsets, CD14++CD16-CCR2+ ('classical', Mon1), CD14++CD16+CCR2+ ('intermediate', Mon2) and CD14+CD16++CCR2- ('non-classical', Mon3), and their contribution to MPAs were analyzed by flow cytometry in 50 patients with STEMI, 40 patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and 40 healthy volunteers. Study parameters were measured within 24 h of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (day1) and on days 3, 7 and 30. Monocyte activation was assessed by measuring the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) pathway. LVEF was assessed 6 weeks after STEMI. Correlations between monocyte subsets/MPAs and plasma cytokines and troponin were assessed. RESULTS We observed marked differences in subset dynamics, with a prominent increase in Mon2 (P < 0.0001) but no changes in Mon3. Significant increases in Mon2 CD14 (P = 0.002) and CCR2 (P < 0.0001) expression, and reduction in CD16 expression (P = 0.001) were seen. NFκB pathway activity increased most prominently in Mon2 (P = 0.007). Mon2 count correlated with peak troponin (r = 0.31, P = 0.04) and plasma interleukin (IL)-6 (r = 0.65, P < 0.0001) and IL-10 (r = 0.34, P = 0.017). Mon1 correlated with IL-6 (r = 0.55, P < 0.0001). Reduced Mon2 expression of CD16 on day 1 was independently predictive of higher LVEF (β = -0.37, P = 0.013). The increase in MPA count following STEMI persisted at 1 month. CONCLUSION The Mon2 'intermediate' subset has unique dynamic and functional characteristics following STEMI and significant correlations with troponin, plasma cytokines and convalescent left ventricular function. The persistent increase in MPA count 30 days after STEMI may affect monocyte subset functional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Tapp
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Shantsila E, Wrigley BJ, Shantsila A, Tapp LD, Gill PS, Lip GYH. Monocyte-derived and CD34+/KDR+ endothelial progenitor cells in heart failure. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:1252-61. [PMID: 22519984 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are known to be altered in heart failure (HF), but monocyte-derived EPCs in HF have not been assessed. We aimed to characterize monocyte-derived EPCs in systolic HF. METHODS AND RESULTS We recruited 128 subjects with systolic HF: 50 South Asian (SA), 50 white, and 28 African-Caribbean (AC), for interethnic comparisons. Additionally, SAs with HF were compared with 40 SAs with coronary artery disease (CAD) without HF (disease controls [DCs]) and 40 SA healthy controls (HCs). Counts of CD34(+) and kinase domain receptor (KDR)(+) monocytes attributed to specific monocyte subsets (CD14(++) /CD16(-) [Mon1], CD14(++)/CD16(+) [Mon2], and CD14(+)/CD16(++) [Mon3]) and monocyte expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 1 were analyzed by flow cytometry. We also enumerated CD34(+)/KDR(+) EPCs derived from mononuclear cells ('classic' EPC definition). RESULTS SAs with HF had significantly reduced counts of CD34(+) monocytes, attributed to the Mon1 and Mon2 subsets. KDR(+) Mon1 counts were 4.5-fold increased in DCs as compared with HCs, but significantly reduced in HF subjects vs. DCs. VEGF receptor type 1 expression on Mon1 and Mon2 cells was significantly reduced in HF patients as compared with DCs. Also, CD34(+)/KDR(+) EPC numbers were reduced in HF subjects. Whites had significantly fewer KDR(+) Mon3 cells than ACs, but significantly more CD34(+) Mon2 cells than SAs and ACs. VEGF receptor type 1 expression by Mon1 cells was predictive for left ventricular ejection fraction after adjustment for ethnicity (β = - 0.25. P = 0.039). CD34(+) Mon2 counts correlated with measures of microvascular endothelial function, and were predictive of the future risk of hospital admission. CONCLUSIONS Circulating counts of monocyte-derived EPCs are significantly altered in HF, with significant ethnic differences in the levels of monocyte-derived EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Shantsila
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Goldman HB, Sievert KD, Damaser MS. Will we ever use stem cells for the treatment of SUI? ICI-RS 2011. Neurourol Urodyn 2012; 31:386-9. [PMID: 22431263 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To review the current state of research in the use of stem cells (SCs) for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and assess the likelihood of this becoming a relevant treatment option. METHODS The peer-reviewed literature consisting of relevant clinical and animal studies on the topic of SUI was surveyed and reviewed. RESULTS Animal studies have demonstrated the potential utility of SCs in promoting functional recovery of the urethra after simulated childbirth injury. Research in animals suggests similar urethral recovery after injection of bone marrow derived mesenchymal SC secretions as after injection of the SCs themselves. Therefore, whether the improvements result from the injection of the SCs themselves or from their secretion of specific proteins is unclear. Early clinical trials have demonstrated the feasibility and short-term safety of injecting muscle-derived SCs into the urethra to treat SUI. CONCLUSIONS Larger and longer-term clinical trials are needed. Nonetheless, efficacious SC-based therapy for the treatment of SUI is practical, achievable and should be available as a treatment modality in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard B Goldman
- Section of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Glickman Urologic and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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23
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Shantsila E, Wrigley B, Tapp L, Apostolakis S, Montoro-Garcia S, Drayson MT, Lip GYH. Immunophenotypic characterization of human monocyte subsets: possible implications for cardiovascular disease pathophysiology. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:1056-66. [PMID: 21342432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04244.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Monocytes include several subsets with different and sometimes divergent roles in immunity, atherogenesis and reparative processes. OBJECTIVES We aimed to perform detailed immunophenotypic and functional characterization of human monocyte subsets. PATIENTS/METHODS Analysis of surface markers of blood and bone marrow monocyte subsets and functional characterization of blood monocyte subsets in healthy volunteers was performed using flow cytometry. RESULTS In the present study, we show the presence of three subsets which could be unequivocally distinguished by surface expression of CD14, CD16 and CCR2 as CD14(+)CD16(-)CCR2(+) (Mon1), CD14(+)CD16(+)CCR2(+) (Mon2) and CD14(low)CD16(+)CCR2(-) (Mon3) subsets. In comparison with the classic Mon1, the Mon2 subset had the highest expression of Tie2, CXCR4, CD163, CD115, receptors to inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the highest surface levels of apolipoprotein B and ferritin. In contrast, Mon3 had maximal expression of VCAM-1 receptors and CD204. The Mon2 and Mon3 subsets had significantly lower activity of the NFκB pathway than Mon1. Mon1 and Mon2 had similar phagocytic activity, which was significantly higher compared with Mon3. All three subsets were present in bone marrow, although the relative proportion of Mon2 in bone marrow was about 2.5-fold higher compared with that seen in blood. Significant differences in cytokine production in response to endotoxin stimulation were observed between the three monocyte subsets. CONCLUSION Given their immunophenotypic similarity, the newly characterized Mon2 population may represent the previously reported pluripotent progenitor/pro-angiogenic monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Shantsila
- Haemostasis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Unit, University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
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Li H, Zuo S, He Z, Yang Y, Pasha Z, Wang Y, Xu M. Paracrine factors released by GATA-4 overexpressed mesenchymal stem cells increase angiogenesis and cell survival. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H1772-81. [PMID: 20870802 PMCID: PMC3006287 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00557.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) release soluble factors that contribute to cardiac repair and vascular regeneration. We hypothesized that overexpression of GATA-4 enhances the MSC secretome, thereby increasing cell survival and promoting postinfarction cardiac angiogenesis. MSCs harvested from male rat bone marrow were transduced with GATA-4 (MSC(GATA-4)) using the murine stem cell virus retroviral expression system; control cells were either nontransduced (MSC(bas)) or transduced with empty vector (MSC(Null)). Compared with these control cells, MSC(GATA-4) were shown by immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, and Western blotting to have higher expression of GATA-4. An increased expression of angiogenic factors in MSC(GATA-4) and higher MSC resistance against hypoxia were observed. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) treated with MSC(GATA-4) conditioned medium exhibited increased formation of capillary-like structures and promoted migration, compared with HUVECs treated with MSC(Null) conditioned medium. MSC(GATA-4) were injected into the peri-infarct region in an acute myocardial infarction model in Sprague-Dawley rats developed by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Survival of MSC(GATA-4), determined by Sry expression, was increased at 4 days postengraftment. MSC(GATA-4)-treated animals showed significantly improved cardiac function as assessed by echocardiography. Furthermore, fluorescent microsphere and histological studies revealed increased blood flow and blood vessel density and reduced infarction size in MSC(GATA-4)-treated animals. We conclude that GATA-4 overexpression in MSCs increased both MSC survival and angiogenic potential in ischemic myocardium and may therefore represent a novel and efficient therapeutic approach for postinfarct remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
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25
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Pamukcu B, Lip GYH, Devitt A, Griffiths H, Shantsila E. The role of monocytes in atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Ann Med 2010; 42:394-403. [PMID: 20568979 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2010.497767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The more we discover about the molecular pathways involved in atherosclerosis, the more we perceive the importance of monocytes in this process. Circulating monocytes are components of innate immunity, and many pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules facilitate their adhesion and migration to the vascular endothelial wall. In addition to the accumulation of lipids and formation of atherogenic 'foam' cells, monocytes may promote atherosclerotic plaque growth by production of inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and reactive oxidative species. However, the contribution of monocytes to atherogenesis is not only limited to tissue destruction. Monocyte subsets are also involved in intraplaque angiogenesis and tissue reparative processes. The aim of this overview is to discuss the mechanisms of monocyte activation, the pivotal role and importance of activated monocytes in atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, their implication in the development of acute coronary events, and their potential in cardiovascular reparative processes such angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Pamukcu
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, B18 7QH, United Kingdom
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Sanberg PR, Park DH, Kuzmin-Nichols N, Cruz E, Hossne NA, Buffolo E, Willing AE. Monocyte transplantation for neural and cardiovascular ischemia repair. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 14:553-63. [PMID: 19754667 PMCID: PMC3823455 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neovascularization is an integral process of inflammatory reactions and subsequent repair cascades in tissue injury. Monocytes/macrophages play a key role in the inflammatory process including angiogenesis as well as the defence mechanisms by exerting microbicidal and immunomodulatory activity. Current studies have demonstrated that recruited monocytes/macrophages aid in regulating angiogenesis in ischemic tissue, tumours and chronic inflammation. In terms of neovascularization followed by tissue regeneration, monocytes/macrophages should be highly attractive for cell-based therapy compared to any other stem cells due to their considerable advantages: non-oncogenic, non-teratogenic, multiple secretary functions including pro-angiogenic and growth factors, straightforward cell harvesting procedure and non-existent ethical controversy. In addition to adult origins such as bone marrow or peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood (UCB) can be a potential source for autologous or allogeneic monocytes/macrophages. Especially, UCB monocytes should be considered as the first candidate owing to their feasibility, low immune rejection and multiple characteristic advantages such as their anti-inflammatory properties by virtue of their unique immune and inflammatory immaturity, and their pro-angiogenic ability. In this review, we present general characteristics and potential of monocytes/macrophages for cell-based therapy, especially focusing on neovascularization and UCB-derived monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Sanberg
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Shantsila E, Lip GYH. Monocyte diversity in myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 54:139-42. [PMID: 19573730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Shantsila
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Unit, University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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A refined characterisation of the NeoHepatocyte phenotype necessitates a reappraisal of the transdifferentiation hypothesis. Differentiation 2009; 77:263-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2008.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Shantsila E, Lip GYH. Monocytes in acute coronary syndromes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:1433-8. [PMID: 19229072 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.180513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this overview is to summarize the available data on the involvement of monocytes in the pathological processes related to the development of acute coronary syndromes and the recovery of damaged areas, the prevention of excessive inflammatory and procoagulant response, and the restoration of microcirculation (angiogenesis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Shantsila
- Haemostasis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Unit, University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, England, UK
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Transplantation of monocyte-derived hepatocyte-like cells (NeoHeps) improves survival in a model of acute liver failure. Ann Surg 2009; 249:149-54. [PMID: 19106691 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e31818a1543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigation of the efficacy of implantation of monocyte-derived hepatocyte-like cells (NeoHeps) in acute liver failure. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Extended liver resection or split liver transplantation is still associated with high morbidity and mortality because of postoperative liver insufficiency. In view of liver support systems, implantation of isolated hepatocytes or hepatocyte-like cells such as NeoHeps is increasingly under discussion. METHODS Twenty-four hours before subtotal hepatectomy, cells of different origin [A: human mononuclear cells (24 x 10(6)); B: NeoHeps (16 x 10(6)); C: NeoHeps (24 x 10(6)); D: rat hepatocytes (24 x 10(6))] were injected into the spleen of Wistar rats. After an observation period of 5 days, animal survival, postoperative weight, and signs of encephalopathy were recorded. At the end of the observation period, blood was collected for laboratory analysis. RESULTS Transplantation of both rat hepatocytes and NeoHeps significantly improved animal survival when compared with control animals (group A: 21%), reaching 72% in group D (P = 0.001), 50% in group C (P = 0.04), and 36% in group B (P = 0.22). Moreover, animals in these groups postoperatively experienced less frequently signs of encephalopathy, as well as earlier weight increase when compared with group A. DISCUSSION Hepatocyte transplantation is a practicable and successful treatment option in case of liver insufficiency because implantation of NeoHeps or primary rat hepatocytes had an improving effect on survival. The promising data of the present study warrants further analysis to elucidate the role of NeoHeps in treatment of acute postoperative liver failure to a greater extent.
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Hutchinson JA, Riquelme P, Wundt J, Hengstler JG, Fändrich F, Ungefroren H, Clement B. Could treatment with neohepatocytes benefit patients with decompensated chronic liver disease? Am J Hematol 2007; 82:947-8. [PMID: 17724703 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.21043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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