1
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Forbes C, Nierkens S, Cornel AM. Thymic NK-Cells and Their Potential in Cancer Immunotherapy. Immunotargets Ther 2024; 13:183-194. [PMID: 38558927 PMCID: PMC10979679 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s441639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK)-cells are innate immune cells with potent anti-tumor capacity, capable of recognizing target cells without prior exposure. For this reason, NK-cells are recognized as a useful source of cell therapy. Although most NK-cells are derived from the bone marrow (BM), a separate developmental pathway in the thymus also exists, producing so-called thymic NK-cells. Unlike conventional NK-cells, thymic NK (tNK)-cells have a combined capacity for cytokine production and a natural ability to kill tumor cells in the presence of NK-cell receptor stimulatory ligands. Furthermore, tNK-cells are reported to express CD3 subunits intracellularly, without the presence of a rearranged T-cell receptor (TCR). This unique feature may enable harnessing of these cells with a TCR to combine NK- and T-cell effector properties in one cell type. The development, phenotype, and function of tNK-cells, and potential as a cell therapy is, however, poorly explored. In this review, we provide an overview of current literature on both murine and human tNK-cells in comparison to conventional BM-derived NK-cells, and discuss the potential applications of this cellular subset in the context of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Forbes
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annelisa M Cornel
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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2
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Sun Y, Tian Y, Wu S, Huang A, Hu Y, Liao Z, Swift M, Deng S, Yang X, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Wu B, Huang J, Jiang K, Huang F, Jin H, Wan C, Yang K. Engineering irradiated tumor-derived microparticles as personalized vaccines to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101303. [PMID: 38029750 PMCID: PMC10772344 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The inadequate activation of antigen-presenting cells, the entanglement of T cells, and the highly immunosuppressive conditions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are important factors that limit the effectiveness of cancer vaccines. Studies show that a personalized and broad antigen repertoire fully activates anti-tumor immunity and that inhibiting the function of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β facilitates T cell migration. In our study, we introduce a vaccine strategy by engineering irradiated tumor cell-derived microparticles (RT-MPs), which have both personalized and broad antigen repertoire, to induce comprehensive anti-tumor effects. Encouraged by the proinflammatory effects of the spike protein from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the high affinity between TGF-β receptor 2 (TGFBR2) and TGF-β, we develop RT-MPs with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and TGFBR2. This spike protein and high TGFBR2 expression induce the innate immune response and ameliorate the immunosuppressive TME, thereby promoting T cell activation and infiltration and ultimately inhibiting tumor growth. Our study provides a strategy for producing an effective personalized anti-tumor vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Sun
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shuhui Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ai Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhiyun Liao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Michelle Swift
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Suke Deng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhanjie Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bian Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Honglin Jin
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao Wan
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Kunyu Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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3
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Li Y, Chen S. Structure modification of an antibiotic: by engineering the fusaricidin bio-synthetase A in Paenibacillus polymyxa. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1239958. [PMID: 37822742 PMCID: PMC10562733 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1239958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusaricidin, a lipopeptide antibiotic, is specifically produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa strains, which could strongly inhibit Fusarium species fungi. Fusaricidin bio-synthetase A (FusA) is composed of six modules and is essential for synthesizing the peptide moiety of fusaricidin. In this study, we confirmed the FusA of Paenibacillus polymyxa strain WLY78 involved in producing Fusaricidin LI-F07a. We constructed six engineered strains by deletion of each module within FusA from the genome of strain WLY78. One of the engineered strains is able to produce a novel compound that exhibits better antifungal activity than that of fusaricidin LI-F07a. This new compound, known as fusaricidin [ΔAla6] LI-F07a, has a molecular weight of 858. Our findings reveal that it exhibits a remarkable 1-fold increase in antifungal activity compared to previous fusaricidin, and the fermentation yield reaches ~55 mg/L. This research holds promising implications for plant protection against infections caused by Fusarium and Botrytis pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Li
- Chengdu NewSun Crop Science Co. Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Sanfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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4
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Chang Y, Hummel SN, Watson MN, Jin G, Lian XL, Bao X. Engineered Artificial Human Neutrophils Exhibit Mature Functional Performance. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:2262-2270. [PMID: 37523468 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils, a key innate immune component, are powerful effector leukocytes for mediating opposing effects on tumor progression and ameliorating pathogen infections. However, their short lifespan and complex purification process have limited neutrophil clinical applications. Here we combined genetic engineering technology with a nanodrug system to construct artificial neutrophils that display functions similar to those of native neutrophils. K562 and HL60 human leukemia cells were engineered to express the human G protein-coupled receptor hM4Di. Compared to the parental cells, engineered hM4Di-K562 and hM4Di-HL60 cells exhibited excellent chemotaxis ability towards clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) and superior bacteria phagocytic behavior, resembling native neutrophils. The antibacterial ability of the hM4Di-K562 cells was further enhanced by loading them with the glycopeptide vancomycin via mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Nano@Van). Our proposed artificial cell engineering platform provides a new avenue to investigate the physiological properties of neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chang
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Sydney N Hummel
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Monique N Watson
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Gyuhyung Jin
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Xiaojun Lance Lian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Xiaoping Bao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
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5
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Li YR, Dunn ZS, Yu Y, Li M, Wang P, Yang L. Advancing cell-based cancer immunotherapy through stem cell engineering. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:592-610. [PMID: 36948187 PMCID: PMC10164150 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Advances in cell-based therapy, particularly CAR-T cell therapy, have transformed the treatment of hematological malignancies. Although an important step forward for the field, autologous CAR-T therapies are hindered by high costs, manufacturing challenges, and limited efficacy against solid tumors. With ongoing progress in gene editing and culture techniques, engineered stem cells and their application in cell therapy are poised to address some of these challenges. Here, we review stem cell-based immunotherapy approaches, stem cell sources, gene engineering and manufacturing strategies, therapeutic platforms, and clinical trials, as well as challenges and future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zachary Spencer Dunn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yanqi Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pin Wang
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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6
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Tang Q, Sun S, Wang P, Sun L, Wang Y, Zhang L, Xu M, Chen J, Wu R, Zhang J, Gong M, Chen Q, Liang X. Genetically Engineering Cell Membrane-Coated BTO Nanoparticles for MMP2-Activated Piezocatalysis-Immunotherapy. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2300964. [PMID: 36809650 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) still suffers from low host response rate and non-specific distribution of immune checkpoint inhibitors, greatly compromising the therapeutic efficiency. Herein, cellular membrane stably expressing matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2)-activated PD-L1 blockades is engineered to coat ultrasmall barium titanate (BTO) nanoparticle for overcoming the immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumors. The resulting M@BTO NPs can significantly promote the BTO's tumor accumulation, while the masking domains on membrane PD-L1 antibodies are cleaved when exposure to MMP2 highly expressed in tumor. With ultrasound (US) irradiation, M@BTO NPs can simultaneously generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and O2 based on BTO mediated piezocatalysis and water splitting, significantly promoting the intratumoral infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and improving the PD-L1 blockade therapy to the tumor, resulting in effective tumor growth inhibition and lung metastasis suppression in a melanoma mouse model. This nanoplatform combines MMP2-activated genetic editing cell membrane with US responsive BTO for both immune stimulation and specific PD-L1 inhibition, providing a safe and robust strategy in enhancing immune response against tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshuang Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Suhui Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lihong Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Menghong Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ruiqi Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jinxia Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ming Gong
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
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7
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Chen Y, Zhu Y, Kramer A, Fang Y, Wilson M, Li YR, Yang L. Genetic engineering strategies to enhance antitumor reactivity and reduce alloreactivity for allogeneic cell-based cancer therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1135468. [PMID: 37064017 PMCID: PMC10090359 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1135468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The realm of cell-based immunotherapy holds untapped potential for the development of next-generation cancer treatment through genetic engineering of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T (CAR-T) cell therapies for targeted eradication of cancerous malignancies. Such allogeneic "off-the-shelf" cell products can be advantageously manufactured in large quantities, stored for extended periods, and easily distributed to treat an exponential number of cancer patients. At current, patient risk of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and host-versus-graft (HvG) allorejection severely restrict the development of allogeneic CAR-T cell products. To address these limitations, a variety of genetic engineering strategies have been implemented to enhance antitumor efficacy, reduce GvHD and HvG onset, and improve the overall safety profile of T-cell based immunotherapies. In this review, we summarize these genetic engineering strategies and discuss the challenges and prospects these approaches provide to expedite progression of translational and clinical studies for adoption of a universal cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yichen Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Adam Kramer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Matthew Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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8
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Zhang Q, Wen Z, Zhang L, Fan Y, Li F. [Strain engineering and fermentation technology for production of long-chain dicarboxylic acid: a review]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2022; 38:4420-4431. [PMID: 36593186 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.220133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain dicarboxylic acid (DCA), a building block for synthesizing a variety of high value-added chemicals, has been widely used in agriculture, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. The global demand for DCA is increasing in recent years. Compared with chemical synthesis which requires harsh conditions and complicated processes, fermentative production of DCA has many unparalleled advantages, such as low cost and mild reaction conditions. In this review, we summarized the chemical and microbial synthesis methods for DCA and the commercialization status of the fermentation process. Moreover, the advances of using molecular and metabolic engineering to create high-yielding strains for efficient production of DCA were highlighted. Furthermore, the challenges remaining in the microbial fermentation process were also discussed. Finally, the perspectives for developing high titer DCA producing strains by synthetic biology were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Sinopec Dalian Petrochemical Research Institute, Dalian 116045, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhiqiong Wen
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Sinopec Dalian Petrochemical Research Institute, Dalian 116045, Liaoning, China
| | - Yachao Fan
- Sinopec Dalian Petrochemical Research Institute, Dalian 116045, Liaoning, China
| | - Fuli Li
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China.,Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China
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9
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Senger K, Akhmetzyanova I, Haley B, Rutz S, Oh SA. Plasmid-Based Donor Templates for Nonviral CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Knock-In in Human T Cells. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e538. [PMID: 36130036 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Effective and precise gene editing of T lymphocytes is critical for advancing the understanding of T cell biology and the development of next-generation cellular therapies. Although methods for effective CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knock-out in primary human T cells have been developed, complementary techniques for nonviral gene knock-in can be cumbersome and inefficient. Here, we report a simple and efficient method for nonviral CRISPR/Cas9-based gene knock-in utilizing plasmid-based donor DNA templates. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Purification of human CD4+ or CD8+ T cells from blood Basic Protocol 2: Activation of purified CD4+ or CD8+ T cells using TransAct CD3/CD28 agonist-conjugated nanomatrix Basic Protocol 3: Preparation of Cas9/sgRNA RNPs Basic Protocol 4: Transfection of CAS9-RNP and knock-in template into human T cells Support Protocol 1: Purity check following magnetic T cell isolation Support Protocol 2: Dextramer staining of TCR-edited T cells Support Protocol 3: Functional characterization of TCR knock-in T cells Support Protocol 4: Detection of knock-in reporter activity in CRISPR/CAS9-edited T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Senger
- Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Benjamin Haley
- Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Sascha Rutz
- Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Soyoung A Oh
- Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
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10
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Li M, Huo YX, Guo S. CRISPR-Mediated Base Editing: From Precise Point Mutation to Genome-Wide Engineering in Nonmodel Microbes. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:571. [PMID: 35453770 PMCID: PMC9024924 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonmodel microbes with unique and diverse metabolisms have become rising stars in synthetic biology; however, the lack of efficient gene engineering techniques still hinders their development. Recently, the use of base editors has emerged as a versatile method for gene engineering in a wide range of organisms including nonmodel microbes. This method is a fusion of impaired CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease and base deaminase, enabling the precise point mutation at the target without inducing homologous recombination. This review updates the latest advancement of base editors in microbes, including the conclusion of all microbes that have been researched by base editors, the introduction of newly developed base editors, and their applications. We provide a list that comprehensively concludes specific applications of BEs in nonmodel microbes, which play important roles in industrial, agricultural, and clinical fields. We also present some microbes in which BEs have not been fully established, in the hope that they are explored further and so that other microbial species can achieve arbitrary base conversions. The current obstacles facing BEs and solutions are put forward. Lastly, the highly efficient BEs and other developed versions for genome-wide reprogramming of cells are discussed, showing great potential for future engineering of nonmodel microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi-Xin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Shuyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, China;
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11
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Naumova N, Iop L. Bioengineering the Cardiac Conduction System: Advances in Cellular, Gene, and Tissue Engineering for Heart Rhythm Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:673477. [PMID: 34409019 PMCID: PMC8365186 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.673477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart rhythm disturbances caused by different etiologies may affect pediatric and adult patients with life-threatening consequences. When pharmacological therapy is ineffective in treating the disturbances, the implantation of electronic devices to control and/or restore normal heart pacing is a unique clinical management option. Although these artificial devices are life-saving, they display many limitations; not least, they do not have any capability to adapt to somatic growth or respond to neuroautonomic physiological changes. A biological pacemaker could offer a new clinical solution for restoring heart rhythms in the conditions of disorder in the cardiac conduction system. Several experimental approaches, such as cell-based, gene-based approaches, and the combination of both, for the generation of biological pacemakers are currently established and widely studied. Pacemaker bioengineering is also emerging as a technology to regenerate nodal tissues. This review analyzes and summarizes the strategies applied so far for the development of biological pacemakers, and discusses current translational challenges toward the first-in-human clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Naumova
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Iop
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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12
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Dailey KM, Jacobson RI, Johnson PR, Woolery TJ, Kim J, Jansen RJ, Mallik S, Brooks AE. Methods and Techniques to Facilitate the Development of Clostridium novyi NT as an Effective, Therapeutic Oncolytic Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:624618. [PMID: 33854487 PMCID: PMC8039391 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.624618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is characterized by anomalous vascularization, hypoxia, and acidity at the core of solid tumors that culminates in concentrated necrosis and immune system dysregulation among other effects. While this environment presents several challenges for the development of oncotherapeutics that deliver their activity via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of the leaky blood vessels around a tumor, oncolytic bacteria, or a class of bacteria with a noted capacity to lyse solid tumors, are attracted to the very environment found at the center of solid tumors that confounds other therapeutics. It is this capacity that allows for a potent, active penetration from the tumor margins into the core, and subsequent colonization to facilitate lysis and immune reactivation. Clostridium novyi in particular has recently shown great promise in preclinical and clinical trials when administered directly to the tumor. These studies indicate that C. novyi is uniquely poised to effectively accomplish the long sought after "holy grail" of oncotherapeutics: selective tumor localization via intravenous delivery. This study reports the development of efficient methods that facilitate experimental work and therapeutic translation of C. novyi including the ability to work with this obligate micro-anaerobe on the benchtop. Additionally, this study seeks to utilize this newfound experimental flexibility to address several gaps in the current knowledge regarding the efficacy of CRIPSR/Cas9-mediated gene insertion in this species to further develop this oncolytic bacteria and the genetic customization of bacteria in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M Dailey
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Reed I Jacobson
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Paige R Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Taylor J Woolery
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Jiha Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Rick J Jansen
- Department of Public Health, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States.,Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Amanda E Brooks
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States.,Office of Research and Scholarly Activity, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT, United States
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13
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Abstract
The large MAF transcription factor group is a group of transcription factors with an acidic region, a basic region, and a leucine zipper region. Four types of MAF, MAFA, MAFB, c-MAF, and NRL, have been identified in humans and mice. In order to elucidate the functions of the large MAF transcription factor group in vivo, our research group created genetically modified MAFA-, MAFB-, and c-MAF-deficient mice and analyzed their phenotypes. MAFA is expressed in pancreatic β cells and is essential for insulin transcription and secretion. MAFB is essential for the development of pancreatic endocrine cells, formation of inner ears, podocyte function in the kidneys, and functional differentiation of macrophages. c-MAF is essential for lens formation and osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, a single-base mutation in genes encoding the large MAF transcription factor group causes congenital renal disease, eye disease, bone disease, diabetes, and tumors in humans. This review describes the functions of large MAF transcription factors in vivo and their relationships with human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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14
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Abstract
The development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has introduced a new and effective strategy to guide and promote the immune response against tumors in the clinic. More recently, in an attempt to enhance its utility, this method has been expanded to novel cell types. One of the more successful variants has proven to be the expression of CARs in Natural Killer (NK) cells (CAR-NK). Gene engineering NK cells to express an exogenous CAR receptor allows the innate anti-tumor ability of NK cells to be harnessed and directed against a target tumor antigen. In addition, the biology of NK cells allows the development of an allogeneic cell therapeutic product useable with most or all patient haplotypes. NK cells cause little or no graft versus host disease (GvHD) and are therefore suitable for development of an "off the shelf" therapeutic product. Initial trials have also shown that CAR-NK cells rarely cause cytokine release syndrome. However, despite their potential NK cells have proven to be difficult to engineer, with high sensitivity to apoptosis and low levels of gene expression. The creation of optimized methods to introduce genes into NK cells will promote the widespread application of CAR-NK in research laboratories and the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriele Pecher
- Medical Clinic of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Rao L, Zhao SK, Wen C, Tian R, Lin L, Cai B, Sun Y, Kang F, Yang Z, He L, Mu J, Meng QF, Yao G, Xie N, Chen X. Activating Macrophage-Mediated Cancer Immunotherapy by Genetically Edited Nanoparticles. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2004853. [PMID: 33089578 PMCID: PMC7686299 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunomodulation of macrophages against cancer has emerged as an encouraging therapeutic strategy. However, there exist two major challenges in effectively activating macrophages for antitumor immunotherapy. First, ligation of signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) on macrophages to CD47, a "don't eat me" signal on cancer cells, prevents macrophage phagocytosis of cancer cells. Second, colony stimulating factors, secreted by cancer cells, polarize tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to a tumorigenic M2 phenotype. Here, it is reported that genetically engineered cell-membrane-coated magnetic nanoparticles (gCM-MNs) can disable both mechanisms. The gCM shell genetically overexpressing SIRPα variants with remarkable affinity efficiently blocks the CD47-SIRPα pathway while the MN core promotes M2 TAM repolarization, synergistically triggering potent macrophage immune responses. Moreover, the gCM shell protects the MNs from immune clearance; and in turn, the MN core delivers the gCMs into tumor tissues under magnetic navigation, effectively promoting their systemic circulation and tumor accumulation. In melanoma and breast cancer models, it is shown that gCM-MNs significantly prolong overall mouse survival by controlling both local tumor growth and distant tumor metastasis. The combination of cell-membrane-coating nanotechnology and genetic editing technique offers a safe and robust strategy in activating the body's immune responses for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Rao
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shu-Kun Zhao
- Biobank Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Churan Wen
- Breast Center, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Rui Tian
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lisen Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bo Cai
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Fei Kang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Liangcan He
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jing Mu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Qian-Fang Meng
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Guangyu Yao
- Breast Center, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ni Xie
- Biobank Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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16
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Zhao J, Feng Y. Surface Engineering of Cardiovascular Devices for Improved Hemocompatibility and Rapid Endothelialization. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000920. [PMID: 32833323 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular devices have been widely applied in the clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, poor hemocompatibility and slow endothelialization on their surface still exist. Numerous surface engineering strategies have mainly sought to modify the device surface through physical, chemical, and biological approaches to improve surface hemocompatibility and endothelialization. The alteration of physical characteristics and pattern topographies brings some hopeful outcomes and plays a notable role in this respect. The chemical and biological approaches can provide potential signs of success in the endothelialization of vascular device surfaces. They usually involve therapeutic drugs, specific peptides, adhesive proteins, antibodies, growth factors and nitric oxide (NO) donors. The gene engineering can enhance the proliferation, growth, and migration of vascular cells, thus boosting the endothelialization. In this review, the surface engineering strategies are highlighted and summarized to improve hemocompatibility and rapid endothelialization on the cardiovascular devices. The potential outlook is also briefly discussed to help guide endothelialization strategies and inspire further innovations. It is hoped that this review can assist with the surface engineering of cardiovascular devices and promote future advancements in this emerging research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Yaguan Road 135 Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Yaguan Road 135 Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin) Yaguan Road 135 Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
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17
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Kailayangiri S, Altvater B, Wiebel M, Jamitzky S, Rossig C. Overcoming Heterogeneity of Antigen Expression for Effective CAR T Cell Targeting of Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1075. [PMID: 32357417 PMCID: PMC7281243 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) gene-modified T cells (CAR T cells) can eradicate B cell malignancies via recognition of surface-expressed B lineage antigens. Antigen escape remains a major mechanism of relapse and is a key barrier for expanding the use of CAR T cells towards solid cancers with their more diverse surface antigen repertoires. In this review we discuss strategies by which cancers become amenable to effective CAR T cell therapy despite heterogeneous phenotypes. Pharmaceutical approaches have been reported that selectively upregulate individual target antigens on the cancer cell surface to sensitize antigen-negative subclones for recognition by CARs. In addition, advanced T cell engineering strategies now enable CAR T cells to interact with more than a single antigen simultaneously. Still, the choice of adequate targets reliably and selectively expressed on the cell surface of tumor cells but not normal cells, ideally by driving tumor growth, is limited, and even dual or triple antigen targeting is unlikely to cure most solid tumors. Innovative receptor designs and combination strategies now aim to recruit bystander cells and alternative cytolytic mechanisms that broaden the activity of CAR-engineered T cells beyond CAR antigen-dependent tumor cell recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Claudia Rossig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children´s Hospital Muenster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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18
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Gwon H, Park K, Chung SC, Kim RH, Kang JK, Ji SM, Kim NJ, Lee S, Ku JH, Do EC, Park S, Kim M, Shim WY, Rhee HS, Kim JY, Kim J, Kim TY, Yamaguchi Y, Iwamuro R, Saito S, Kim G, Jung IS, Park H, Lee C, Lee S, Jeon WS, Jang WD, Kim HU, Lee SY, Im D, Doo SG, Lee SY, Lee HC, Park JH. A safe and sustainable bacterial cellulose nanofiber separator for lithium rechargeable batteries. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:19288-93. [PMID: 31501346 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905527116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose nanofiber (BCNF) with high thermal stability produced by an ecofriendly process has emerged as a promising solution to realize safe and sustainable materials in the large-scale battery. However, an understanding of the actual thermal behavior of the BCNF in the full-cell battery has been lacking, and the yield is still limited for commercialization. Here, we report the entire process of BCNF production and battery manufacture. We systematically constructed a strain with the highest yield (31.5%) by increasing metabolic flux and improved safety by introducing a Lewis base to overcome thermochemical degradation in the battery. This report will open ways of exploiting the BCNF as a "single-layer" separator, a good alternative to the existing chemical-derived one, and thus can greatly contribute to solving the environmental and safety issues.
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19
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Li Z, Zhou X, Wei M, Gao X, Zhao L, Shi R, Sun W, Duan Y, Yang G, Yuan L. In Vitro and in Vivo RNA Inhibition by CD9-HuR Functionalized Exosomes Encapsulated with miRNA or CRISPR/dCas9. Nano Lett 2019; 19:19-28. [PMID: 30517011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo delivery of RNAs of interest holds promise for gene therapy. Recently, exosomes are considered as a kind of rational vehicle for RNA delivery, especially miRNA and/or siRNA, while the loading efficiency is limited. In this study, we engineered the exosomes for RNA loading by constructing a fusion protein in which the exosomal membrane protein CD9 was fused with RNA binding protein, while the RNA of interest either natively harbors or is engineered to have the elements for the binding. By proof-of-principle experiments, we here fused CD9 with HuR, an RNA binding protein interacting with miR-155 with a relatively high affinity. In the exosome packaging cells, the fused CD9-HuR successfully enriched miR-155 into exosomes when miR-155 was excessively expressed. Moreover, miR-155 encapsulated in the exosomes in turn could be efficiently delivered into the recipient cells and recognized the endogenous targets. In addition, we also revealed that the CD9-HuR exosomes could enrich the functional miRNA inhibitor or CRISPR/dCas9 when the RNAs were engineered to have the AU rich elements. Taken together, we here have established a novel strategy for enhanced RNA cargo encapsulation into engineered exosomes, which in turn functions in the recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhelong Li
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710038 , People's Republic of China
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710038 , People's Republic of China
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mengying Wei
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Gao
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032 , People's Republic of China
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , 710038 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lianbi Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710038 , People's Republic of China
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijing Shi
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710038 , People's Republic of China
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Sun
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710038 , People's Republic of China
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyou Duan
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710038 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Yang
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710038 , People's Republic of China
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20
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Vasilenko EA, Mokhonov VV, Gorshkova EN, Astrakhantseva IV. [Bispecific Antibodies: Formats and Areas of Application]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2018; 52:380-393. [PMID: 29989572 DOI: 10.7868/s0o26898418030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies capable of simultaneously binding two targets have been studied for many years with a view to their implementation in clinical practice. Unique biological and pharmacological properties, as well as the diversity of their formats, make it possible to consider bispecific antibodies as promising agents for use in various procedures: from visualization of intracellular processes to targeted anticancer therapy. Bispecific antibodies help to determine more precisely the therapeutic target, thereby increasing the efficiency of therapy and reducing the probability of side effects. The present review describes the main formats of bispecific antibodies, methods for their generation, and possibilities for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Vasilenko
- Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Russia
| | - V V Mokhonov
- Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Russia
| | - E N Gorshkova
- Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Russia
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21
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Bohaciakova D, Renzova T, Fedorova V, Barak M, Kunova Bosakova M, Hampl A, Cajanek L. An Efficient Method for Generation of Knockout Human Embryonic Stem Cells Using CRISPR/Cas9 System. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1521-1527. [PMID: 28835165 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) represent a promising tool to study functions of genes during development, to model diseases, and to even develop therapies when combined with gene editing techniques such as CRISPR/CRISPR-associated protein-9 nuclease (Cas9) system. However, the process of disruption of gene expression by generation of null alleles is often inefficient and tedious. To circumvent these limitations, we developed a simple and efficient protocol to permanently downregulate expression of a gene of interest in hESCs using CRISPR/Cas9. We selected p53 for our proof of concept experiments. The methodology is based on series of hESC transfection, which leads to efficient downregulation of p53 expression even in polyclonal population (p53 Low cells), here proven by a loss of regulation of the expression of p53 target gene, microRNA miR-34a. We demonstrate that our approach achieves over 80% efficiency in generating hESC clonal sublines that do not express p53 protein. Importantly, we document by a set of functional experiments that such genetically modified hESCs do retain typical stem cells characteristics. In summary, we provide a simple and robust protocol to efficiently target expression of gene of interest in hESCs that can be useful for laboratories aiming to employ gene editing in their hESC applications/protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasa Bohaciakova
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Renzova
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Fedorova
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Barak
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ales Hampl
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic .,3 International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Cajanek
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
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22
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Liu Q. Improvement for agronomically important traits by gene engineering in sweetpotato. Breed Sci 2017; 67:15-26. [PMID: 28465664 PMCID: PMC5407918 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.16126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Sweetpotato is the seventh most important food crop in the world. It is mainly used for human food, animal feed, and for manufacturing starch and alcohol. This crop, a highly heterozygous, generally self-incompatible, outcrossing polyploidy, poses numerous challenges for the conventional breeding. Its productivity and quality are often limited by abiotic and biotic stresses. Gene engineering has been shown to have the great potential for improving the resistance to these stresses as well as the nutritional quality of sweetpotato. To date, an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system has been developed for a wide range of sweetpotato genotypes. Several genes associated with salinity and drought tolerance, diseases and pests resistance, and starch, carotenoids and anthocyanins biosynthesis have been isolated and characterized from sweetpotato. Gene engineering has been used to improve abiotic and biotic stresses resistance and quality of this crop. This review summarizes major research advances made so far in improving agronomically important traits by gene engineering in sweetpotato and suggests future prospects for research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University,
Beijing 100193,
China
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23
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Ikeda H. T-cell adoptive immunotherapy using tumor-infiltrating T cells and genetically engineered TCR-T cells. Int Immunol 2016; 28:349-53. [PMID: 27127191 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxw022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has received the expectation that it should contribute to the therapy of cancer patients for >100 years. At long last, recent clinical trials of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapy with genetically engineered T cells have reported their remarkable efficacies. Nowadays, it is expected that T-cell adoptive immunotherapy can not only control tumor progression but even cure cancer in some patients. Conversely, severe adverse events associated with efficacy have frequently been reported in clinical trials, suggesting that the assessment and control of safety will be indispensable in the future development of the therapy. New approaches in T-cell adoptive immunotherapy such as reduction of adverse events, targeting of new antigens or utilization of allogeneic cells will open a new gate for less harmful and more effective immunological treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ikeda
- Department of Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Urbanska
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg. 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5156, USA
| | - Daniel J Powell
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg. 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5156, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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25
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Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that adoptive immunotherapy with genetically engineered T cells has the potential to control and even cure cancer in some patients. On the other hand, severe adverse events associated with efficacy have frequently been reported in clinical trials. Current and near-future challenges for the development of adoptive immunotherapy of cancer using genetically engineered T cells include minimization and prediction of adverse events; identification of new and effective targets, including patient-specific mutations; improvement in T cell functionality, persistence, and memory formation capacity; and utilization of allogeneic or cell line-based T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ikeda
- Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan,
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26
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Coren LV, Jain S, Trivett MT, Ohlen C, Ott DE. Production of retroviral constructs for effective transfer and expression of T-cell receptor genes using Golden Gate cloning. Biotechniques 2015; 58:135-9. [PMID: 25757546 PMCID: PMC4827251 DOI: 10.2144/000114265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present an improved strategy for producing T-cell receptor (TCR)-expressing retroviral vectors using a Golden Gate cloning strategy. This method takes advantage of the modular nature of TCR genes by directly amplifying TCR α and β variable regions from RNA or cDNA, then cloning and fusing them with their respective constant region genes resident in a retroviral TCR expression vector. Our one-step approach greatly streamlines the TCR vector production process in comparison to the traditional three-step procedure that typically involves cloning whole TCR genes, producing a TCR expression cassette, and constructing a retroviral construct. To date, we have generated TCR vectors that transferred seven functional human/rhesus macaque TCRs into primary T cells. The approach also holds promise for the assembly of other genes with defined variable regions, such as immunoglobulins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori V. Coren
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Sumiti Jain
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Matthew T. Trivett
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Claes Ohlen
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - David E. Ott
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
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27
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Zhou Z, Xu Q, Bu Q, Guo Y, Liu S, Liu Y, Du Y, Li Y. Genome mining-directed activation of a silent angucycline biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces chattanoogensis. Chembiochem 2014; 16:496-502. [PMID: 25511454 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Genomic sequencing of actinomycetes has revealed the presence of numerous gene clusters seemingly capable of natural product biosynthesis, yet most clusters are cryptic under laboratory conditions. Bioinformatics analysis of the completely sequenced genome of Streptomyces chattanoogensis L10 (CGMCC 2644) revealed a silent angucycline biosynthetic gene cluster. The overexpression of a pathway-specific activator gene under the constitutive ermE* promoter successfully triggered the expression of the angucycline biosynthetic genes. Two novel members of the angucycline antibiotic family, chattamycins A and B, were further isolated and elucidated. Biological activity assays demonstrated that chattamycin B possesses good antitumor activities against human cancer cell lines and moderate antibacterial activities. The results presented here provide a feasible method to activate silent angucycline biosynthetic gene clusters to discover potential new drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Zhou
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058 (China)
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Liu XY, Ge L, Yu DM. Cloning and expression of visfatin and screening of oligopeptides binding with visfatin. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:4828-4834. [PMID: 25663979 PMCID: PMC4307426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, we constructed an efficient expression system for visfatin and identified the peptide sequences which binding to visfatin. METHODS AND RESULTS The fusion protein was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The yield of visfatin was 300 mg/L culture medium with optimal conditions. The recombinant visfatin binds with insulin receptor with a dose-dependent effect. All of the 24 sequence identified by ELISA were able to bind to visfatin specifically. Among the 24 DNA sequences, there were 8 clones of AAKTPTE, 4 clones of ATTVPAS and 4 clones of MSLQQEH. CONCLUSION The sequence of AA(X)TPT(X) was the most frequently existed sequence in all of sequences analyzed, which suggests that AA(X)TPT(X) is likely to be the essential motif in peptides which visfatin could bind with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu Liu
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development, Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070, P. R. China
- Department of Diabetic Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070, P. R. China
| | - Lin Ge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular ImmunologyTianjin 300070, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of ChinaTianjin 300070, P. R. China
| | - De Min Yu
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development, Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070, P. R. China
- Department of Diabetic Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070, P. R. China
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Fransson M, Piras E, Wang H, Burman J, Duprez I, Harris RA, LeBlanc K, Magnusson PU, Brittebo E, Loskog ASI. Intranasal delivery of central nervous system-retargeted human mesenchymal stromal cells prolongs treatment efficacy of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunology 2014; 142:431-41. [PMID: 24588452 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is currently of interest for a number of diseases including multiple sclerosis. MSCs are known to target inflamed tissues, but in a therapeutic setting their systemic administration will lead to few cells reaching the brain. We hypothesized that MSCs may target the brain upon intranasal administration and persist in central nervous system (CNS) tissue if expressing a CNS-targeting receptor. To demonstrate proof of concept, MSCs were genetically engineered to express a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific receptor. Engineered MSCs retained their immunosuppressive capacity, infiltrated into the brain upon intranasal cell administration, and were able to significantly reduce disease symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Mice treated with CNS-targeting MSCs were resistant to further EAE induction whereas non-targeted MSCs did not give such persistent effects. Histological analysis revealed increased brain restoration in engineered MSC-treated mice. In conclusion, MSCs can be genetically engineered to target the brain and prolong therapeutic efficacy in an EAE model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moa Fransson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Racz GZ, Zheng C, Goldsmith CM, Baum BJ, Cawley NX. Toward gene therapy for growth hormone deficiency via salivary gland expression of growth hormone. Oral Dis 2014; 21:149-55. [PMID: 24320050 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Salivary glands are useful targets for gene therapeutics. After gene transfer into salivary glands, regulated secretory pathway proteins, such as human growth hormone, are secreted into saliva, whereas constitutive secretory pathway proteins, such as erythropoietin, are secreted into the bloodstream. Secretion of human growth hormone (hGH) into the saliva is not therapeutically useful. In this study, we attempted to redirect the secretion of transgenic hGH from the saliva to the serum by site-directed mutagenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested hGH mutants first in vitro with AtT20 cells, a model endocrine cell line that exhibits polarized secretion of regulated secretory pathway proteins. Selected mutants were further studied in vivo using adenoviral-mediated gene transfer to rat submandibular glands. RESULTS We identified two mutants with differences in secretion behavior compared to wild-type hGH. One mutant, ΔN1-6 , was detected in the serum of transduced rats, demonstrating that expression of this mutant in the salivary gland resulted in its secretion through the constitutive secretory pathway. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that mutagenesis of therapeutic proteins normally destined for the regulated secretory pathway may result in their secretion via the constitutive secretory pathway into the circulation for potential therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Z Racz
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Li H, Zuo S, He Z, Yang Y, Pasha Z, Wang Y, Xu M. Paracrine factors released by GATA-4 overexpressed mesenchymal stem cells increase angiogenesis and cell survival. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H1772-81. [PMID: 20870802 PMCID: PMC3006287 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00557.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) release soluble factors that contribute to cardiac repair and vascular regeneration. We hypothesized that overexpression of GATA-4 enhances the MSC secretome, thereby increasing cell survival and promoting postinfarction cardiac angiogenesis. MSCs harvested from male rat bone marrow were transduced with GATA-4 (MSC(GATA-4)) using the murine stem cell virus retroviral expression system; control cells were either nontransduced (MSC(bas)) or transduced with empty vector (MSC(Null)). Compared with these control cells, MSC(GATA-4) were shown by immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, and Western blotting to have higher expression of GATA-4. An increased expression of angiogenic factors in MSC(GATA-4) and higher MSC resistance against hypoxia were observed. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) treated with MSC(GATA-4) conditioned medium exhibited increased formation of capillary-like structures and promoted migration, compared with HUVECs treated with MSC(Null) conditioned medium. MSC(GATA-4) were injected into the peri-infarct region in an acute myocardial infarction model in Sprague-Dawley rats developed by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Survival of MSC(GATA-4), determined by Sry expression, was increased at 4 days postengraftment. MSC(GATA-4)-treated animals showed significantly improved cardiac function as assessed by echocardiography. Furthermore, fluorescent microsphere and histological studies revealed increased blood flow and blood vessel density and reduced infarction size in MSC(GATA-4)-treated animals. We conclude that GATA-4 overexpression in MSCs increased both MSC survival and angiogenic potential in ischemic myocardium and may therefore represent a novel and efficient therapeutic approach for postinfarct remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
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