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Jangid P, Rai U, Bakshi A, Singh R. Significance of Complement Regulatory Protein Tetraspanins in the Male Reproductive System and Fertilization. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2023; 24:240-246. [PMID: 36718968 DOI: 10.2174/1389203724666230131110203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fertilization is a very sophisticated and unique process involving several key steps resulting in a zygote's formation. Recent research has indicated that some immune system-related cell surface molecules (CD molecules from the tetraspanin superfamily) may have a role in fertilization. Extracellular vesicles are undeniably involved in a variety of cellular functions, including reproduction. Tetraspanin proteins identified in extracellular vesicles are now used mostly as markers; mounting evidence indicates that they also participate in cell targeting, cargo selection, and extracellular vesicle formation. Their significance and potential in mammalian reproduction are currently being studied extensively. Despite the fact that the current data did not establish any theory, the crucial function of tetraspanins in the fertilization process was not ruled out, and the specific role of tetraspanins is still unknown. In this review, we bring insight into the existing knowledge regarding the expression of tetraspanins in spermatozoa and seminal fluid and their role in gamete binding and fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jangid
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110052, India
| | - Umesh Rai
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Amrita Bakshi
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110052, India
- Department of Environmental Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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2
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Lucarini G, Molinelli E, Licini C, Rizzetto G, Radi G, Goteri G, Mattioli-Belmonte M, Offidani A, Simonetti O. Tetraspanin CD9 Expression Predicts Sentinel Node Status in Patients with Cutaneous Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4775. [PMID: 35563166 PMCID: PMC9103426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The tetraspanin CD9 is considered a metastasis suppressor in many cancers, however its role is highly debated. Currently, little is known about CD9 prognostic value in cutaneous melanoma. Our aim was to analyse CD9 expression in melanocytic nevi and primary cutaneous melanomas through immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence approaches to determine its correlation with invasiveness and metastatic potential. CD9 displayed homogeneous staining in all melanocytic nevi. In contrast, it showed a complete loss of reactivity in all thin melanomas. Interestingly, CD9 was re-expressed in 46% of intermediate and thick melanomas in small tumor clusters predominantly located at sites of invasion near or inside the blood or lymphatic vessels. The most notable finding is that all CD9 stained melanomas presented sentinel node positivity. Additionally, a direct association between CD9 expression and presence of distant metastasis was reported. Finally, we confirm that CD9 expression is consistent with an early protective role against tumorigenesis, however, our data endorse in melanoma a specific function of CD9 in vascular dissemination during late tumor progression. The presence of CD9 hotspots could be essential for melanoma cell invasion in lymphatic and endothelial vessels. CD9 could be a valid prognostic factor for lymph node metastasis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Lucarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari-Istologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.L.); (C.L.); (M.M.-B.)
| | - Elisa Molinelli
- Clinica Dermatologica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (E.M.); (G.R.); (G.R.); (O.S.)
| | - Caterina Licini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari-Istologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.L.); (C.L.); (M.M.-B.)
| | - Giulio Rizzetto
- Clinica Dermatologica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (E.M.); (G.R.); (G.R.); (O.S.)
| | - Giulia Radi
- Clinica Dermatologica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (E.M.); (G.R.); (G.R.); (O.S.)
| | - Gaia Goteri
- Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Sanità Pubblica, Ospedali Riuniti, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Monica Mattioli-Belmonte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari-Istologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.L.); (C.L.); (M.M.-B.)
| | - Annamaria Offidani
- Clinica Dermatologica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (E.M.); (G.R.); (G.R.); (O.S.)
| | - Oriana Simonetti
- Clinica Dermatologica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (E.M.); (G.R.); (G.R.); (O.S.)
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3
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Bocking T, Singh B. Light and electron-microscopic localization of CD9 and surfactant protein A and D in normal lungs of the horse. Can J Vet Res 2021; 85:170-176. [PMID: 34248260 PMCID: PMC8243805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The lung is a complex organ, and its physiology and immunology are regulated by various immune molecules and cells. Lung surfactant, a mixture of phospholipids and proteins produced by the bronchiolar and type II alveolar epithelial cells, is one such important player in lung physiology. Compared to knowledge about the biology of the surfactant in rodents and humans, only limited data are available on the surfactant in the horse. Although there are data linking levels of surfactant proteins with respiratory disease in the horse, there are no data on the cellular localization of surfactant protein A (SP-A) and surfactant protein D (SP-D). A member of the tetraspanin family of proteins, CD9 is a cell-signaling and adhesion protein and its expression has been detected in both normal and cancer cells, including those in the lung. Because there are no immunolocalization data on SP-A, SP-D, and CD9 in the normal lungs of the horse, our objective was to conduct a light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical study on normal lungs of the horse. The data showed SP-A and SP-D in bronchiolar epithelial and type II alveolar epithelial cells. These proteins were also localized in type I alveolar epithelial cells, pulmonary intravascular macrophages, and neutrophils, which is likely an outcome of endocytosis of the proteins by these cells. CD9 was present in the airway and vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelium, and blood cells, but not in the airway epithelium. These new data provide a baseline to further examine the expression and functions of SP-A, SP-D, and CD9 proteins in inflammation associated with respiratory diseases in the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Bocking
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4
| | - Baljit Singh
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4
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4
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Torres-Gómez Á, Cardeñes B, Díez-Sainz E, Lafuente EM, Cabañas C. Functional Integrin Regulation Through Interactions with Tetraspanin CD9. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2217:47-56. [PMID: 33215376 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0962-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are adhesion receptors that mediate many intercellular and cell-extracellular matrix interactions with relevance in physiology and pathology. Unlike other cellular receptors, integrins critically require activation for ligand binding. Through interaction in cis with other molecules and the formation of tetraspanin-enriched membrane microdomains (TEMs), the tetraspanin CD9 regulates integrin activity and avidity. Here we present three techniques used to study CD9-integrin interactions and integrin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Torres-Gómez
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria i+12, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cardeñes
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Díez-Sainz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther M Lafuente
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria i+12, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria i+12, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Hsieh CC, Hsu SC, Yao M, Huang DM. CD9 Upregulation-Decreased CCL21 Secretion in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduces Cancer Cell Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041738. [PMID: 33572290 PMCID: PMC7915477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanin CD9 is widely expressed on various cell types, such as cancer cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and/or cell-released exosomes. It has been reported that exosomal CD9 plays an important role in intercellular communications involved in cancer cell migration and metastasis. However, reports on the effect of the CD9 of MSCs or MSC-derived exosomes on cancer cell migration are still lacking. In this study, using a transwell migration assay, we found that both dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (dex-IO NPs) and ionomycin stimulated exosomal CD9 expression in human MSCs (hMSCs); however, hMSCs could not deliver them to melanoma cells to affect cell migration. Interestingly, a reduced migration of melanoma cell line was observed when the ionomycin-incubated hMSC-conditioned media but not dex-IO NP-labeled hMSC-conditioned media were in the bottom chamber. In addition, we found that dex-IO NPs decreased cellular CD9 expression in hMSCs but ionomycin increased this. Simultaneously, we found that ionomycin suppressed the expression and secretion of the chemokine CCL21 in hMSCs. The silencing of CD9 demonstrated an inhibitory role of cellular CD9 in CCL21 expression in hMSCs, suggesting that ionomycin could upregulate cellular CD9 to decrease CCL21 expression and secretion of hMSCs, which would reduce the migration of B16F10, A549 and U87MG cancer cell lines due to chemoattraction reduction of CCL21. The present study not only highlights the important role of bone marrow-derived hMSCs' CD9-mediated CCL21 regulation in cancer bone metastasis but also suggests a new distinct pharmaceutical strategy for prevention or/and therapy of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chu Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan;
| | - Szu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan;
| | - Ming Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan;
| | - Dong-Ming Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-37-246-166 (ext. 38105)
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Hu H, Wang D, Li L, Yin H, He G, Zhang Y. Role of microRNA-335 carried by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles in bone fracture recovery. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:156. [PMID: 33542183 PMCID: PMC7862274 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to reduce healing time and treat nonunion in fracture patients. In this study, bone marrow MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles (B-EVs) were firstly extracted and identified. CD9-/- and normal mice were enrolled for the establishment of fracture models and then injected with B-EVs. Osteoblast differentiation and fracture recovery were estimated. The levels of osteoblast-related genes were detected, and differentially expressed microRNAs (miRs) in B-EVs-treated normal fracture mice were screened and verified. The downstream mechanisms of miR were predicted and assessed. The loss-of functions of miR-335 in B-EV and gain-of-functions of VapB were performed in animal and cell experiments to evaluate their roles in bone fracture. Collectively, B-EVs promoted bone fracture recovery and osteoblast differentiation by releasing miR-335. miR-335 downregulation in B-EVs impaired B-EV functions in fracture recovery and osteoblast differentiation. miR-335 could target VapB, and VapB overexpression reversed the effects of B-EVs on osteoblast differentiation. B-EV treatment activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in fracture mice and osteoblasts-like cells. Taken together, the study suggested that B-EVs carry miR-335 to promote bone fracture recovery via VapB and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. This study may offer insights into bone fracture treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lihong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Haiyang Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Guoyu He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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7
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Marsay KS, Greaves S, Mahabaleshwar H, Ho CM, Roehl H, Monk PN, Carney TJ, Partridge LJ. Tetraspanin Cd9b and Cxcl12a/Cxcr4b have a synergistic effect on the control of collective cell migration. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260372. [PMID: 34847198 PMCID: PMC8631670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration is essential for embryonic development and homeostatic processes. During zebrafish development, the posterior lateral line primordium (pLLP) navigates along the embryo flank by collective cell migration. The chemokine receptors, Cxcr4b and Cxcr7b, as well as their cognate ligand, Cxcl12a, are essential for this process. We corroborate that knockdown of the zebrafish cd9 tetraspanin orthologue, cd9b, results in mild pLL abnormalities. Through generation of CRISPR and TALEN mutants, we show that cd9a and cd9b function partially redundantly in pLLP migration, which is delayed in the cd9b single and cd9a; cd9b double mutants. This delay led to a transient reduction in neuromast numbers. Loss of both Cd9a and Cd9b sensitized embryos to reduced Cxcr4b and Cxcl12a levels. Together these results provide evidence that Cd9 modulates collective cell migration of the pLLP during zebrafish development. One interpretation of these observations is that Cd9 contributes to more effective chemokine signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S. Marsay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sarah Greaves
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Harsha Mahabaleshwar
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charmaine Min Ho
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henry Roehl
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Peter N. Monk
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tom J. Carney
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynda J. Partridge
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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8
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Xing C, Xu W, Shi Y, Zhou B, Wu D, Liang B, Zhou Y, Gao S, Feng J. CD9 knockdown suppresses cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasion, while promoting apoptosis and the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs and imatinib in Ph+ ALL SUP‑B15 cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2791-2800. [PMID: 32945456 PMCID: PMC7453647 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia chromosome‑positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) is regarded as a prognostically unfavorable subgroup, as this ALL subgroup has an increased risk of relapse/refractory disease. CD9, which belongs to the tetraspanin membrane proteins, is implicated in several pathological processes, including tumor progression. However, the role of CD9 in the pathogenesis of Ph+ ALL and the potential benefit of applying CD9‑targeted RNA interference strategies for treatment of Ph+ ALL require further investigation. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of CD9 on leukemic cell progression and the efficacy of therapeutic agents in Ph+ ALL cells, in addition to assessing the in vitro anti‑leukemia activity of CD9‑targeted RNA interference in Ph+ ALL cells. In the present study, a lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vector targeting CD9 gene in Ph+ ALL SUP‑B15 cells was constructed. The present results demonstrated that treatment of SUP‑B15 cells with lentiviral‑mediated shRNA against CD9 decreased CD9 mRNA and protein expression compared with the shControl cells transduced with a blank vector. In addition, CD9 knockdown could suppress cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasion, and promote apoptosis and the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs (such as vincristine, daunorubicin, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone) and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib in SUP‑B15 cells. Furthermore, CD9 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in SUP‑B15 cells via a p53‑dependent pathway. These findings suggested that gene silencing of CD9 using a shRNA‑expressing lentivirus vector may provide a promising treatment for Ph+ ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyun Xing
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Wanling Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yifen Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Dijiong Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Shenmeng Gao
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Feng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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9
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Mikuličić S, Fritzen A, Scheffer K, Strunk J, Cabañas C, Sperrhacke M, Reiss K, Florin L. Tetraspanin CD9 affects HPV16 infection by modulating ADAM17 activity and the ERK signalling pathway. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:461-471. [PMID: 32385608 PMCID: PMC7206579 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00671-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are causative agents of various tumours such as cervical cancer. HPV binding to the cell surface of keratinocytes leads to virus endocytosis at tetraspanin enriched microdomains. Complex interactions of the capsid proteins with host proteins as well as ADAM17-dependent ERK1/2 signal transduction enable the entry platform assembly of the oncogenic HPV type 16. Here, we studied the importance of tetraspanin CD9, also known as TSPAN29, in HPV16 infection of different epithelial cells. We found that both overexpression and loss of the tetraspanin decreased infection rates in cells with low endogenous CD9 levels, while reduction of CD9 expression in keratinocytes that exhibit high-CD9 protein amounts, led to an increase of infection. Therefore, we concluded that low-CD9 supports infection. Moreover, we found that changes in CD9 amounts affect the shedding of the ADAM17 substrate transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) and the downstream phosphorylation of ERK. These effects correlate with those on infection rates suggesting that a specific CD9 optimum promotes ADAM17 activity, ERK signalling and virus infection. Together, our findings implicate that CD9 regulates HPV16 infection through the modulation of ADAM17 sheddase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snježana Mikuličić
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, Augustusplatz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Fritzen
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, Augustusplatz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Konstanze Scheffer
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, Augustusplatz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Strunk
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, Augustusplatz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Graduate Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology (IOO), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Sperrhacke
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 9, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karina Reiss
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 9, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Luise Florin
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, Augustusplatz, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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10
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Pan Y, Wang M, Baloch AR, Zhang Q, Wang J, Ma R, Xu G, Kashif J, Wang L, Fan J, Cui Y, Yu S. FGF10 enhances yak oocyte fertilization competence and subsequent blastocyst quality and regulates the levels of CD9, CD81, DNMT1, and DNMT3B. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17677-17689. [PMID: 30807658 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The fusion of sperm and oocytes determines the fertilization competence and subsequent development of embryos, which, in turn, can be affected by various proteins and DNA methylation. However, several factors in this whole regulation process remain unknown, especially in yaks. Here, we report that fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) is an important growth factor that can enhance the maturation rate of yak oocytes and the motility of frozen spermatozoa. Subsequent blastocyst quality was also improved by increasing the total cell number and level of pregnancy-associated protein in blastocysts. These effects were significantly high in the group that received the 5 ng/ml FGF10 treatment, during both in vitro maturation (IVM) and capacitation. Our data show that the effects of FGF10 were dose-dependent at vital steps of embryogenesis in vitro. Furthermore, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence demonstrated that the levels of CD9, CD81, DNMT1, and DNMT3B in both mature cumulus-oocyte complexes and capacitated sperms were regulated by FGF10, which was also highly expressed in the group treated with 5 ng/ml FGF10 during both IVM and capacitation. From our present study, we concluded that FGF10 promotes yak oocyte fertilization competence and subsequent blastocyst quality, and could also regulate CD9, CD81, DNMT1, and DNMT3B to optimize sperm-oocyte interactions and DNA methylation during fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Abdul Rasheed Baloch
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Qiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinglei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Rui Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Gengquan Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jam Kashif
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Libin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiangfeng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Sijiu Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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11
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Neckles VN, Morton MC, Holmberg JC, Sokolov AM, Nottoli T, Liu D, Feliciano DM. A transgenic inducible GFP extracellular-vesicle reporter (TIGER) mouse illuminates neonatal cortical astrocytes as a source of immunomodulatory extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3094. [PMID: 30816224 PMCID: PMC6395689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cellular derived particles found throughout the body in nearly all tissues and bodily fluids. EVs contain biological molecules including small RNAs and protein. EVs are proposed to be transferred between cells, notably, cells of the immune system. Tools that allow for in vivo EV labeling while retaining the ability to resolve cellular sources and timing of release are required for a full understanding of EV functions. Fluorescent EV fusion proteins are useful for the study of EV biogenesis, release, and identification of EV cellular recipients. Among the most plentiful and frequently identified EV proteins is CD9, a tetraspanin protein. A transgenic mouse containing a CRE-recombinase inducible CAG promoter driven CD9 protein fused to Turbo-GFP derived from the copepod Pontellina plumata was generated as an EV reporter. The transgenic inducible GFP EV reporter (TIGER) mouse was electroporated with CAG-CRE plasmids or crossed with tamoxifen inducible CAG-CRE-ERT2 or nestin-CRE-ERT2 mice. CD9-GFP labeled cells included glutamine synthetase and glial fibrillary acidic protein positive astrocytes. Cortical astrocytes released ~136 nm EVs that contained CD9. Intraventricular injected EVs were taken up by CD11b/IBA1 positive microglia surrounding the lateral ventricles. Neonatal electroporation and shRNA mediated knockdown of Rab27a in dorsal subventricular zone NSCs and astrocytes increased the number of CD11b/IBA1 positive rounded microglia. Neonatal astrocyte EVs had a unique small RNA signature comprised of morphogenic miRNAs that induce microglia cytokine release. The results from this study demonstrate that inducible CD9-GFP mice will provide the EV community with a tool that allows for EV labeling in a cell-type specific manner while simultaneously allowing in vivo experimentation and provides evidence that EVs are required immunomodulators of the developing nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria N Neckles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0314, USA
| | - Mary C Morton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0314, USA
| | - Jennie C Holmberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0314, USA
| | - Aidan M Sokolov
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0314, USA
| | - Timothy Nottoli
- Yale Genome Editing Center, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208016, New Haven, CT, 06520-8016, USA
| | - Don Liu
- Charles River Laboratories, 261 Ballardvale Street, Wilmington, MA, 01887, USA
| | - David M Feliciano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0314, USA.
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12
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Li Z, Zhou X, Wei M, Gao X, Zhao L, Shi R, Sun W, Duan Y, Yang G, Yuan L. In Vitro and in Vivo RNA Inhibition by CD9-HuR Functionalized Exosomes Encapsulated with miRNA or CRISPR/dCas9. Nano Lett 2019; 19:19-28. [PMID: 30517011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo delivery of RNAs of interest holds promise for gene therapy. Recently, exosomes are considered as a kind of rational vehicle for RNA delivery, especially miRNA and/or siRNA, while the loading efficiency is limited. In this study, we engineered the exosomes for RNA loading by constructing a fusion protein in which the exosomal membrane protein CD9 was fused with RNA binding protein, while the RNA of interest either natively harbors or is engineered to have the elements for the binding. By proof-of-principle experiments, we here fused CD9 with HuR, an RNA binding protein interacting with miR-155 with a relatively high affinity. In the exosome packaging cells, the fused CD9-HuR successfully enriched miR-155 into exosomes when miR-155 was excessively expressed. Moreover, miR-155 encapsulated in the exosomes in turn could be efficiently delivered into the recipient cells and recognized the endogenous targets. In addition, we also revealed that the CD9-HuR exosomes could enrich the functional miRNA inhibitor or CRISPR/dCas9 when the RNAs were engineered to have the AU rich elements. Taken together, we here have established a novel strategy for enhanced RNA cargo encapsulation into engineered exosomes, which in turn functions in the recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhelong Li
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710038 , People's Republic of China
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710038 , People's Republic of China
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mengying Wei
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Gao
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032 , People's Republic of China
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , 710038 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lianbi Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710038 , People's Republic of China
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijing Shi
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710038 , People's Republic of China
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Sun
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710038 , People's Republic of China
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyou Duan
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710038 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Yang
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710038 , People's Republic of China
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13
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Zoranovic T, Manent J, Willoughby L, Matos de Simoes R, La Marca JE, Golenkina S, Cuiping X, Gruber S, Angjeli B, Kanitz EE, Cronin SJF, Neely GG, Wernitznig A, Humbert PO, Simpson KJ, Mitsiades CS, Richardson HE, Penninger JM. A genome-wide Drosophila epithelial tumorigenesis screen identifies Tetraspanin 29Fb as an evolutionarily conserved suppressor of Ras-driven cancer. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007688. [PMID: 30325918 PMCID: PMC6203380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in the small GTPase Ras contribute to ~30% of human cancers. However, Ras mutations alone are insufficient for tumorigenesis, therefore it is paramount to identify cooperating cancer-relevant signaling pathways. We devised an in vivo near genome-wide, functional screen in Drosophila and discovered multiple novel, evolutionarily-conserved pathways controlling Ras-driven epithelial tumorigenesis. Human gene orthologs of the fly hits were significantly downregulated in thousands of primary tumors, revealing novel prognostic markers for human epithelial tumors. Of the top 100 candidate tumor suppressor genes, 80 were validated in secondary Drosophila assays, identifying many known cancer genes and multiple novel candidate genes that cooperate with Ras-driven tumorigenesis. Low expression of the confirmed hits significantly correlated with the KRASG12 mutation status and poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Among the novel top 80 candidate cancer genes, we mechanistically characterized the function of the top hit, the Tetraspanin family member Tsp29Fb, revealing that Tsp29Fb regulates EGFR signaling, epithelial architecture and restrains tumor growth and invasion. Our functional Drosophila screen uncovers multiple novel and evolutionarily conserved epithelial cancer genes, and experimentally confirmed Tsp29Fb as a key regulator of EGFR/Ras induced epithelial tumor growth and invasion. Cancer involves the cooperative interaction of many gene mutations. The Ras signaling pathway is upregulated in many human cancers, but upregulated Ras signaling alone is not sufficient to induce malignant tumors. We have undertaken a genome-wide genetic screen using a transgenic RNAi library in the vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster, to identify tumor suppressor genes that cooperate with the Ras oncogene (RasV12) in conferring overgrown invasive tumors. We stratified the hits by analyzing the expression of human orthologs of these genes in human epithelial cancers, revealing genes that were strongly downregulated in human cancer. By conducting secondary genetic interaction tests, we validated 80 of the top 100 genes. Pathway analysis of these genes revealed that 55 fell into known pathways involved in human cancer, whereas 25 were unique genes. We then confirmed the tumor suppressor properties of one of these genes, Tsp29Fb, encoding a Tetraspanin membrane protein, and showed that Tsp29Fb functions as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting Ras signaling and by maintaining epithelial cell polarity. Altogether, our study has revealed novel Ras-cooperating tumor suppressors in Drosophila and suggests that these genes may also be involved in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zoranovic
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Campus Vienna BioCentre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Manent
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lee Willoughby
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ricardo Matos de Simoes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John E. La Marca
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sofya Golenkina
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xia Cuiping
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Campus Vienna BioCentre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Gruber
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Campus Vienna BioCentre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Belinda Angjeli
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Campus Vienna BioCentre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Eva Kanitz
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Campus Vienna BioCentre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shane J. F. Cronin
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Campus Vienna BioCentre, Vienna, Austria
| | - G. Gregory Neely
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Campus Vienna BioCentre, Vienna, Austria
- The Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Patrick O. Humbert
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kaylene J. Simpson
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Center for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Constantine S. Mitsiades
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Helena E. Richardson
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (HER); (JMP)
| | - Josef M. Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Campus Vienna BioCentre, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (HER); (JMP)
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14
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Earnest JT, Hantak MP, Li K, McCray PB, Perlman S, Gallagher T. The tetraspanin CD9 facilitates MERS-coronavirus entry by scaffolding host cell receptors and proteases. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006546. [PMID: 28759649 PMCID: PMC5552337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by enveloped coronaviruses (CoVs) initiates with viral spike (S) proteins binding to cellular receptors, and is followed by proteolytic cleavage of receptor-bound S proteins, which prompts S protein-mediated virus-cell membrane fusion. Infection therefore requires close proximity of receptors and proteases. We considered whether tetraspanins, scaffolding proteins known to facilitate CoV infections, hold receptors and proteases together on cell membranes. Using knockout cell lines, we found that the tetraspanin CD9, but not the tetraspanin CD81, formed cell-surface complexes of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), the MERS-CoV receptor, and the type II transmembrane serine protease (TTSP) member TMPRSS2, a CoV-activating protease. This CD9-facilitated condensation of receptors and proteases allowed MERS-CoV pseudoviruses to enter cells rapidly and efficiently. Without CD9, MERS-CoV viruses were not activated by TTSPs, and they trafficked into endosomes to be cleaved much later and less efficiently by cathepsins. Thus, we identified DPP4:CD9:TTSP as the protein complexes necessary for early, efficient MERS-CoV entry. To evaluate the importance of these complexes in an in vivo CoV infection model, we used recombinant Adenovirus 5 (rAd5) vectors to express human DPP4 in mouse lungs, thereby sensitizing the animals to MERS-CoV infection. When the rAd5-hDPP4 vectors co-expressed small RNAs silencing Cd9 or Tmprss2, the animals were significantly less susceptible, indicating that CD9 and TMPRSS2 facilitated robust in vivo MERS-CoV infection of mouse lungs. Furthermore, the S proteins of virulent mouse-adapted MERS-CoVs acquired a CD9-dependent cell entry character, suggesting that CD9 is a selective agent in the evolution of CoV virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T. Earnest
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Hantak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States of America
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Paul B. McCray
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Tom Gallagher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Parasar P, Sacha CR, Ng N, McGuirk ER, Chinthala S, Ozcan P, Lindsey J, Salas S, Laufer MR, Missmer SA, Anchan RM. Differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells express markers of human endometrium. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2017; 15:52. [PMID: 28716123 PMCID: PMC5514487 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-017-0273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modeling early endometrial differentiation is a crucial step towards understanding the divergent pathways between normal and ectopic endometrial development as seen in endometriosis. METHODS To investigate these pathways, mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and embryoid bodies (EBs) were differentiated in standard EB medium (EBM). Immunofluorescence (IF) staining and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect expression of human endometrial cell markers on differentiating cells, which were sorted into distinct populations using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). RESULTS A subpopulation (50%) of early differentiating mESCs expressed both glandular (CD9) and stromal (CD13) markers of human endometrium, suggestive of a novel endometrial precursor cell population. We further isolated a small population of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells, CD45-/CD146+/PDGFR-β+, from differentiating EBs, representing 0.7% of total cells. Finally, quantitative PCR demonstrated significantly amplified expression of transcription factors Hoxa10 and Foxa2 in CD13+ EBs isolated by FACS (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that mESCs have the capacity to express human endometrial cell markers and demonstrate potential differentiation pathways of endometrial precursor and mesenchymal stem cells, providing an in vitro system to model early endometrial tissue development. This model represents a key step in elucidating the mechanisms of ectopic endometrial tissue growth. Such a system could enable the development of strategies to prevent endometriosis and identify approaches for non-invasive monitoring of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Parasar
- Boston Center for Endometriosis, Boston Children’s and Brigham and Women’s Hospitals, 333 and 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - C. R. Sacha
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - N. Ng
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - E. R. McGuirk
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - S. Chinthala
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of OB/GYN, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - P. Ozcan
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - J. Lindsey
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - S. Salas
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - M. R. Laufer
- Boston Center for Endometriosis, Boston Children’s and Brigham and Women’s Hospitals, 333 and 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Division of Gynecology, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - S. A. Missmer
- Boston Center for Endometriosis, Boston Children’s and Brigham and Women’s Hospitals, 333 and 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - R. M. Anchan
- Boston Center for Endometriosis, Boston Children’s and Brigham and Women’s Hospitals, 333 and 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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16
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Weiss-Gayet M, Starck J, Chaabouni A, Chazaud B, Morlé F. Notch Stimulates Both Self-Renewal and Lineage Plasticity in a Subset of Murine CD9High Committed Megakaryocytic Progenitors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153860. [PMID: 27089435 PMCID: PMC4835090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at reinvestigating the controversial contribution of Notch signaling to megakaryocytic lineage development. For that purpose, we combined colony assays and single cells progeny analyses of purified megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors (MEP) after short-term cultures on recombinant Notch ligand rDLL1. We showed that Notch activation stimulated the SCF-dependent and preferential amplification of Kit+ erythroid and bipotent progenitors while favoring commitment towards the erythroid at the expense of megakaryocytic lineage. Interestingly, we also identified a CD9High MEP subset that spontaneously generated almost exclusively megakaryocytic progeny mainly composed of single megakaryocytes. We showed that Notch activation decreased the extent of polyploidization and maturation of megakaryocytes, increased the size of megakaryocytic colonies and surprisingly restored the generation of erythroid and mixed colonies by this CD9High MEP subset. Importantly, the size increase of megakaryocytic colonies occurred at the expense of the production of single megakaryocytes and the restoration of colonies of alternative lineages occurred at the expense of the whole megakaryocytic progeny. Altogether, these results indicate that Notch activation is able to extend the number of divisions of MK-committed CD9High MEPs before terminal maturation while allowing a fraction of them to generate alternative lineages. This unexpected plasticity of MK-committed progenitors revealed upon Notch activation helps to better understand the functional promiscuity between megakaryocytic lineage and hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Weiss-Gayet
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France
- CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Joëlle Starck
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France
- CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Azza Chaabouni
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France
- CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France
- CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - François Morlé
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France
- CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
- * E-mail:
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17
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Sun J, Wang J, Pefanis E, Chao J, Rothschild G, Tachibana I, Chen JK, Ivanov II, Rabadan R, Takeda Y, Basu U. Transcriptomics Identify CD9 as a Marker of Murine IL-10-Competent Regulatory B Cells. Cell Rep 2015; 13:1110-1117. [PMID: 26527007 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Breg) have immune suppressive functions in various autoimmune/inflammation models and diseases and are found to be enriched in diverse B cell subsets. The lack of a unique marker or set of markers efficiently identifying Breg cells impedes detailed investigation into their origin, development, and immunological roles. Here, we perform transcriptome analysis of IL-10-expressing B cells to identify key regulators for Breg biogenesis and function and identify CD9, a tetraspanin-family transmembrane protein, as a key surface marker for most mouse IL-10(+) B cells and their progenitors. CD9 plays a role in the suppressive function of IL-10(+) B cells in ex vivo T cell proliferation assays through a mechanism that is dependent upon B/T cell interactions. CD9(+) B cells also demonstrate inhibition of Th1-mediated contact hypersensitivity in an in vivo model system. Taken together, our findings implicate CD9 in the immunosuppressive activity of regulatory B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jiguang Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Evangelos Pefanis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jaime Chao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gerson Rothschild
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Isao Tachibana
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Kui Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ivaylo I Ivanov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yoshito Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Uttiya Basu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Castro R, Abós B, González L, Aquilino C, Pignatelli J, Tafalla C. Molecular characterization of CD9 and CD63, two tetraspanin family members expressed in trout B lymphocytes. Dev Comp Immunol 2015; 51:116-125. [PMID: 25769915 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tetraspanins are a family of membrane-organizing proteins, characterized by the presence of four highly conserved transmembrane regions that mediate diverse physiological functions. In the current study, we have identified two novel tetraspanin members in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), homologs to mammalian CD9 and CD63. Both genes were expressed in muscle, skin, gills, hindgut, gonad, liver, spleen, head kidney, thymus and peripheral blood leukocytes. Throughout the early life cycle stages, CD9 mRNA levels significantly increased after first feeding, whereas CD63 transcription remained constant during all the developmental stages analyzed. In response to an experimental bath infection with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), CD9 transcription was down-regulated in the gills, while CD63 mRNA levels were down-regulated in the head kidney. Instead, when the virus was intraperitoneally injected, the transcription of both genes was significantly up-regulated in peritoneal cells at several days post-infection. Additionally, both genes were transcriptionally up-regulated in the muscle of trout injected with a VHSV DNA vaccine. To gain insight on the relation of these tetraspanins with B cell activity we determined their constitutive expression in naive IgM(+) populations from different sources and observed that both molecules were being transcribed by IgM(+) cells in different tissues. Furthermore, CD9 transcription was significantly down-regulated in splenic IgM(+) cells in response to in vitro VHSV exposure. Our results provide insights on the potential role of these tetraspanins on teleost B cell and antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Abós
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia González
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Aquilino
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Pignatelli
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain.
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Hulme RS, Higginbottom A, Palmer J, Partridge LJ, Monk PN. Distinct regions of the large extracellular domain of tetraspanin CD9 are involved in the control of human multinucleated giant cell formation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116289. [PMID: 25551757 PMCID: PMC4281222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multinucleated giant cells, formed by the fusion of monocytes/macrophages, are features of chronic granulomatous inflammation associated with infections or the persistent presence of foreign material. The tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 regulate multinucleated giant cell formation: soluble recombinant proteins corresponding to the large extracellular domain (EC2) of human but not mouse CD9 can inhibit multinucleated giant cell formation, whereas human CD81 EC2 can antagonise this effect. Tetraspanin EC2 are all likely to have a conserved three helix sub-domain and a much less well-conserved or hypervariable sub-domain formed by short helices and interconnecting loops stabilised by two or more disulfide bridges. Using CD9/CD81 EC2 chimeras and point mutants we have mapped the specific regions of the CD9 EC2 involved in multinucleated giant cell formation. These were primarily located in two helices, one in each sub-domain. The cysteine residues involved in the formation of the disulfide bridges in CD9 EC2 were all essential for inhibitory activity but a conserved glycine residue in the tetraspanin-defining 'CCG' motif was not. A tyrosine residue in one of the active regions that is not conserved between human and mouse CD9 EC2, predicted to be solvent-exposed, was found to be only peripherally involved in this activity. We have defined two spatially-distinct sites on the CD9 EC2 that are required for inhibitory activity. Agents that target these sites could have therapeutic applications in diseases in which multinucleated giant cells play a pathogenic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S. Hulme
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Higginbottom
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - John Palmer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Lynda J. Partridge
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Peter N. Monk
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Okamoto T, Iwata S, Yamazaki H, Hatano R, Komiya E, Dang NH, Ohnuma K, Morimoto C. CD9 negatively regulates CD26 expression and inhibits CD26-mediated enhancement of invasive potential of malignant mesothelioma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86671. [PMID: 24466195 PMCID: PMC3900581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV is a cell surface glycoprotein which consists of multiple functional domains beside its ectopeptidase site. A growing body of evidence indicates that elevated expression of CD26 correlates with disease aggressiveness and invasive potential of selected malignancies. To further explore the molecular mechanisms involved in this clinical behavior, our current work focused on the interaction between CD26 and CD9, which were recently identified as novel markers for cancer stem cells in malignant mesothelioma. We found that CD26 and CD9 co-modulated and co-precipitated with each other in the malignant mesothelioma cell lines ACC-MESO1 and MSTO-211H. SiRNA study revealed that depletion of CD26 led to increased CD9 expression, while depletion of CD9 resulted in increased CD26 expression. Consistent with these findings was the fact that gene transfer of CD26 into CD26-negative MSTO-211H cells reduced CD9 expression. Cell invasion assay showed that overexpression of CD26 or gene depletion of CD9 led to enhanced invasiveness, while CD26 gene depletion resulted in reduced invasive potential. Furthermore, our work suggested that this enhanced invasiveness may be partly mediated by α5β1 integrin, since co-precipitation studies demonstrated an association between CD26 and α5β1 integrin. Finally, gene depletion of CD9 resulted in elevated protein levels and tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK and Cas-L, which are downstream of β1 integrin, while depletion of CD26 led to a reduction in the levels of these molecules. Collectively, our findings suggest that CD26 potentiates tumor cell invasion through its interaction with α5β1 integrin, and CD9 negatively regulates tumor cell invasion by reducing the level of CD26-α5β1 integrin complex through an inverse correlation between CD9 and CD26 expression. Our results also suggest that CD26 and CD9 serve as potential biomarkers as well as promising molecular targets for novel therapeutic approaches in malignant mesothelioma and other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Okamoto
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune disorders and Cancers, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwata
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune disorders and Cancers, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Yamazaki
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune disorders and Cancers, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Hatano
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune disorders and Cancers, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Komiya
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune disorders and Cancers, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nam H. Dang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kei Ohnuma
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune disorders and Cancers, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikao Morimoto
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune disorders and Cancers, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Al-Dossary AA, Strehler EE, Martin-DeLeon PA. Expression and secretion of plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase 4a (PMCA4a) during murine estrus: association with oviductal exosomes and uptake in sperm. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80181. [PMID: 24244642 PMCID: PMC3828235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PMCA4, a membrane protein, is the major Ca2+ efflux pump in murine sperm where its deletion leads to a severe loss of hyperactivated motility and to male infertility. We have previously shown that the PMCA4b splice variant interacts with CASK (Ca2+/CaM-dependent serine kinase) in regulating sperm Ca2+. More recently we detected that PMCA4a isoform, in addition to its presence in testis, is secreted in the epididymal luminal fluid and transferred to sperm. Here we show that Pmca4 mRNA is expressed in both the 4a and 4b variants in the vagina, uterus, and oviduct. Immunofluorescence reveals that PMCA4a is similarly expressed and is elevated during estrus, appearing in the glandular and luminal epithelia. Western analysis detected PMCA4a in all tissues and in the luminal fluids (LF) of the vagina (VLF), uterus (ULF), and the oviduct (OLF) collected during estrus. It was ~9- and 4-fold higher in OLF than in VLF and ULF, and only marginally present in LF collected at metestrus/diestrus. Fractionation of the LF collected at estrus, via ultracentrifugation, revealed that 100% of the PMCA4a resides in the vesicular fraction of the ULF and OLF. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that OLF vesicles have an exosomal orientation (with the cytoplasmic-side inward), a size range of 25-100 nm, with the characteristic CD9 biomarker. Thus, we dubbed these vesicles “oviductosomes”, to which PMCA4a was immunolocalized. Incubation of caudal sperm in the combined LF or exosomes resulted in up to a ~3-fold increase of sperm PMCA4a, as detected by flow cytometry, indicating in vitro uptake. Our results are consistent with the increased requirement of Ca2+ efflux in the oviduct. They show for the first time the presence of oviductal exosomes and highlight their role, along with uterosomes and vaginal exosomes, in post-testicular sperm acquisition of PMCA4a which is essential for hyperactivated motility and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A. Al-Dossary
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Emanuel E. Strehler
- Department of Biochemistry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Patricia A. Martin-DeLeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jiang XP, Zhang DX, Teng M, Zhang Q, Zhang JP, Huang YS. Downregulation of CD9 in keratinocyte contributes to cell migration via upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77806. [PMID: 24147081 PMCID: PMC3797697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanin CD9 has been implicated in various cellular and physiological processes, including cell migration. In our previous study, we found that wound repair is delayed in CD9-null mice, suggesting that CD9 is critical for cutaneous wound healing. However, many cell types, including immune cells, endothelial cells, keratinocytes and fibroblasts undergo marked changes in gene expression and phenotype, leading to cell proliferation, migration and differentiation during wound repair, whether CD9 regulates kerationcytes migration directly remains unclear. In this study, we showed that the expression of CD9 was downregulated in migrating keratinocytes during wound repair in vivo and in vitro. Recombinant adenovirus vector for CD9 silencing or overexpressing was constructed and used to infect HaCaT cells. Using cell scratch wound assay and cell migration assay, we have also demonstrated that downregulation of CD9 promoted keratinocyte migration in vitro, whereas CD9 overexpression inhibited cell migration. Moreover, CD9 inversely regulated the activity and expression of MMP-9 in keratinocytes, which was involved in CD9-regulated keratinocyte migration. Importantly, CD9 silencing-activated JNK signaling was accompanied by the upregulation of MMP-9 activity and expression. Coincidentally, we found that SP600125, a JNK pathway inhibitor, decreased the activity and expression of MMP-9 of CD9-silenced HaCaT cells. Thus, our results suggest that CD9 is downregulated in migrating keratinocytes in vivo and in vitro, and a low level of CD9 promotes keratinocyte migration in vitro, in which the regulation of MMP-9 through the JNK pathway plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-pin Jiang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong-xia Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Miao Teng
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia-ping Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (Y-sH); (J-pZ)
| | - Yue-sheng Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (Y-sH); (J-pZ)
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Yang H, Shen C, Zhang B, Chen H, Chen Z, Chen J. Expression and clinicopathological significance of CD9 in gastrointestinal stromal tumor. J Korean Med Sci 2013; 28:1443-8. [PMID: 24133347 PMCID: PMC3792597 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.10.1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the expression and clinicopathological significance of CD9 in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Immunohistochemistry staining for CD9 was performed on tumor tissues from 74 GIST patients. The correlation with clinicopathological features, risk classification and prognosis was analyzed. CD9-positive staining comprised 59.5% (44/74) of the GIST patients. The CD9-positive expression rate of the sample was significantly associated with diameter (P = 0.028), mitotic counts (P = 0.035), risk classification (P = 0.018) and three-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) (P < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards regression (HR = 0.352; P = 0.015) showed that CD9 is an independent factor for post-operative RFS. The subgroup analysis showed that CD9 expression in gastric stromal tumor (GST) is significantly associated with diameter (P = 0.031), risk classification (P = 0.023) and three-year RFS (P = 0.001). The Cox proportional hazards regression (HR = 0.104; P = 0.006) also showed that CD9 is an independent factor for RFS of GST. However, CD9 expression does not have a statistically significant correlation with clinicopathological features, risk classification, and prognosis in non-GST. In conclusion, CD9 expression in GIST appears to be associated with the recurrence and/or metastasis of GIST patients, especially in GST, which may indicate the important role of CD9 in the malignant biological behavior and prognosis of GST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chaoyong Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Haining Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jiaping Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Tsubaki M, Satou T, Itoh T, Imano M, Yanae M, Kato C, Takagoshi R, Komai M, Nishida S. Bisphosphonate- and statin-induced enhancement of OPG expression and inhibition of CD9, M-CSF, and RANKL expressions via inhibition of the Ras/MEK/ERK pathway and activation of p38MAPK in mouse bone marrow stromal cell line ST2. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 361:219-31. [PMID: 22579611 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclast differentiation is influenced by receptor activator of the NF-κB ligand (RANKL), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and CD9, which are expressed on bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts. In addition, osteoprotegerin (OPG) is known as an osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor. In this study, we investigated whether bisphosphonates and statins increase OPG expression and inhibit the expression of CD9, M-CSF, and RANKL in the bone marrow-derived stromal cell line ST2. We found that bisphosphonates and statins enhanced OPG mRNA expression and inhibited the expression of CD9, M-CSF, and RANKL mRNA. Futhermore, bisphosphonates and statins decreased the membrane localization of Ras and phosphorylated ERK1/2, and activated the p38MAPK. This indicates that bisphosphonates and statins enhanced OPG expression, and inhibited the expression of CD9, M-CSF, and RANKL through blocking the Ras/ERK pathway and activating p38MAPK. Accordingly, we believe that its clinical applications will be investigated in the future for the development of osteoporosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Tsubaki
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kinki University School of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
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Abstract
In this study, the cd9 gene, a member of the tetraspanin superfamily and involved in various cellular processes, was cloned from Lethenteron camtschaticum. Both real-time PCR and immunohistochemical assays showed broad distribution of cd9 in various L. camtschaticum tissues. In addition, expression levels of Cd9 mRNA were up-regulated in the liver and heart after stimulation by lipopolysaccharide. Flow cytometric analyses demonstrated that cd9 was detected on the leukocytes and that the expression level was higher on granulocytes than on lymphocytes, which implied that cd9 was mainly involved in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
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Kanatsu-Shinohara M, Takashima S, Ishii K, Shinohara T. Dynamic changes in EPCAM expression during spermatogonial stem cell differentiation in the mouse testis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23663. [PMID: 21858196 PMCID: PMC3156235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) have the unique ability to undergo self-renewal division. However, these cells are morphologically indistinguishable from committed spermatogonia, which have limited mitotic activity. To establish a system for SSC purification, we analyzed the expression of SSC markers CD9 and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM), both of which are also expressed on embryonic stem (ES) cells. We examined the correlation between their expression patterns and SSC activities. Methodology and Principal Findings By magnetic cell sorting, we found that EPCAM-selected mouse germ cells have limited clonogenic potential in vitro. Moreover, these cells showed stronger expression of progenitor markers than CD9-selected cells, which are significantly more enriched in SSCs. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting of CD9-selected cells indicated a significantly higher frequency of SSCs among the CD9+EPCAMlow/- population than among the CD9+EPCAM+ population. Overexpression of the active form of EPCAM in germline stem (GS) cell cultures did not significantly influence SSC activity, whereas EPCAM suppression by short hairpin RNA compromised GS cell proliferation and increased the concentration of SSCs, as revealed by germ cell transplantation. Conclusions/Significance These results show that SSCs are the most concentrated in CD9+EPCAMlow/- population and also suggest that EPCAM plays an important role in progenitor cell amplification in the mouse spermatogenic system. The establishment of a method to distinguish progenitor spermatogonia from SSCs will be useful for developing an improved purification strategy for SSCs from testis cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mito Kanatsu-Shinohara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiji Takashima
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kei Ishii
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Shinohara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Liang R, Jin KW, Wang ZQ, Chang JW, Ma FL, Wang Y, Gao Q. [Expression and gene mutation of cluster of differentiation 9 in lung cancer cells induced by mineral powder in Gejiu]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2007; 25:537-540. [PMID: 17997888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression and gene mutation of cluster of differentiation 9 (CD9) in the pathway of the mineral powder induced malignant transformation in immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) in Gejiu. METHODS BEAS-2B cells served as the control group and its malignant transformation cells induced by mineral powder in Gejiu were considered as experiment group. The expression of CD9 protein in 20 bottles of BEAS-2B cells and 20 bottles of malignant transformation cells was evaluated by immunocytochemistry. The mRNA expression of CD9 in 10 bottles of BEAS-2B cells and 10 bottles of malignant transformation cells was examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Gene mutation was detected in the products of RT-PCR by DNA sequencing. RESULTS There was significant difference between the expression of CD9 protein in BEAS-2B cells (100%, 20/20) and that in its malignant transformation cells (35%, 7/20 P < 0.01). The expression of CD9 mRNA in BEAS-2B cells 0.91 +/- 0.09 was significantly higher than that in its malignant transformation cells (0.34 +/- 0.14) (P < 0.01). Two point mutation of CD9 gene was detected in the malignant transformation cells of BEAS-2B by DNA sequencing. The change of G-->T in the base of 231 led to the change of Gln-->His in the amino acids of 40. The change of T-->A in the base of 119 led to the change of Val-->Asp in the amino acids of 3. CONCLUSION The absence or down-regulation of CD9 expression and point mutation in the malignant transformation cells of BEAS-2B may play a considerable role in the pathway of the malignant transformation in the BEAS-2B cells induced by mineral powder in Gejiu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liang
- Department of Pathology, Kunming Medical College, Kunming 650031, China
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