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Kim KH, Park S, Park JW, Jeong M, Kim J, Kim H, Lee JH, Lee D. Analysis of Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor Expression in Olive Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus) against Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus. Dev Reprod 2023; 27:67-75. [PMID: 37529016 PMCID: PMC10390099 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2023.27.2.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) mediates the transfer of polymeric immunoglobulin to protect organisms and is one of the most important mucosal effectors. In this study, the developmental stage- and tissue-specific expression of pIgR were observed before virus inoculation in olive flounder. pIgR was gradually expressed until the formation of immune tissue, exhibiting high expression in the late juvenile period; thereafter, pIgR expression gradually decreased and exhibited high expression in the spleen and skin. Moreover, pIgR expression after viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus infection was high in the kidney and spleen tissues at high density and low at low density. The results of this study can provide a basis for future studies on breeding density, virus expression, and immune system studies in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dain Lee
- Corresponding author Dain Lee,
Fish Genetics and Breeding Research, Center, National Institute of Fisheries
Science, Geoje 53334, Korea Tel: +82-55-639-5813, Fax:
+82-55-639-5809, E-mail:
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2
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Cho SY, Kim SR, Vaidya B, Kwon J, Kim D. Identification of rearing temperature-dependent host defense signaling against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 123:257-264. [PMID: 35301114 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection is associated with fatal outcomes in the aquaculture production of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Olive flounders at low and high temperatures are known to be highly susceptible and resistant to VHSV infection, respectively. To study temperature-dependent innate immune activity, 4-aminobenzoic hydrazide (4-AH), a myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibitor, was used to treat VHSV-infected olive flounders reared at a high temperature of 20 °C (20VI). Mortality, the MPO transcription, and the proteomic expression pattern of the 20VI group were then compared with those of groups of VHSV-infected flounders reared at 15 °C (15V) and 20 °C (20V). The cumulative mortality rate of the 20VI group was increased by 35% compared with that of the untreated 20V group. The MPO transcription was decreased 5.8-fold in 20VI than in 20V group. Its expression decreased further at a lower temperature and after exposure to VHSV. Histopathological analysis revealed necrosis of splenic tissue in 20VI and 15V, but not in 20V group. Based on clustering analysis, proteins with increased expression in 15V and 20VI groups were associated with viral mRNA translation and reproduction compared with those of 20V group. Increased expression of DHX58, MX1, and UBB was detected in 15V and 20VI groups, suggesting a role in triggering innate immune response. Unfortunately, these genes failed to induce the translocation of GLUT4 to the surface membrane from the intracellular location due to decreased expression of 14-3-3 proteins (YWHAB and YWHAZ) and microtubules (TUBA1A and TUBB4B). Suppression of glucose supply led to inactivation of MPO and suppression of MHC-I and MHC-II-linked immune activity, resulting in high viral infection and spread. In conclusion, this study highlights that defective GLUT4 translocation-dependent glucose uptake increases the mortality of VHSV-infected olive flounders by inhibiting MPO activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Young Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Ryel Kim
- Department of Smart Fishery Resources Science, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Bipin Vaidya
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Kwon
- Department of BioChemical Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea.
| | - Duwoon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang W, Chen X, Yu F, Li F, Li W, Yi M, Jia K. α-Lipoic Acid Exerts Its Antiviral Effect against Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) by Promoting Upregulation of Antiviral Genes and Suppressing VHSV-Induced Oxidative Stress. Virol Sin 2021. [PMID: 34510367 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), belonging to the genus Novirhabdovirus, Rhabdoviridae family, is a causative agent of high mortality in fish and has caused significant losses to the aquaculture industry. Currently, no effective vaccines, Food and Drug Administration-approved inhibitors, or other therapeutic intervention options are available against VHSV. α-Lipoic Acid (LA), a potent antioxidant, has been proposed to have antiviral effects against different viruses. In this study, LA (CC50 = 472.6 μmol/L) was repurposed to exhibit antiviral activity against VHSV. In fathead minnow cells, LA significantly increased the cell viability post-VHSV infection (EC50 = 42.7 μmol/L), and exerted a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on VHSV induced-plaque, cytopathic effects, and VHSV glycoprotein expression. The time-of-addition assay suggested that the antiviral activity of LA occurred at viral replication stage. Survival assay revealed that LA could significantly upregulated the survival rate of VHSV-infected largemouth bass in both co-injection (38.095% vs. 1.887%, P < 0.01) and post-injection manner (38.813% vs. 8.696%, P < 0.01) compared with the control group. Additional comparative transcriptome and qRT-PCR analysis revealed LA treatment upregulated the expression of several antiviral genes, such as IRF7, Viperin, and ISG15. Moreover, LA treatment reduced VHSV-induced reactive oxygen species production in addition to Nrf2 and SOD1 expression. Taken together, these data demonstrated that LA suppressed VHSV replication by inducing antiviral genes expression and reducing VHSV-induced oxidative stress. These results suggest a new direction in the development of potential antiviral candidate drugs against VHSV infection.
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Kim KH, Lee S, Jung HS, Kim J, Park JW, Park CJ, Kim H, Kim WJ, Lee D. Expression Analysis of the Caspase10 from Olive Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus) against Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) Challenge. Dev Reprod 2020; 24:187-196. [PMID: 33110950 PMCID: PMC7576969 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2020.24.3.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The caspase10 encodes an initiating caspase that plays an important role in the
maintaining the cellular homeostasis by regulating the steps involved in the
immune response and cell death. We investigated the expression of caspase10
during the different developmental stages and in olive flounder tissues.
Caspase10 increased in the late stage of the formation of immune tissue, and
high expression was observed in the gills, kidney, skin, and spleen. The current
study analyzed the expressional changes of caspase10 in olive flounder infected
with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). One of the major causes of mass
mortality, VHSV infection in olive flounder attributes to significant expression
of caspase10 in the gills, spleen, skin, and kidneys. The results indicate a
close association of caspase10 expression with the immune response to VHSV
infection in olive flounder. The observations could form the basis data for
exploration of other fish immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hee Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Geoje 53334, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Geoje 53334, Korea
| | - Hyo Sun Jung
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Geoje 53334, Korea
| | - Julan Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Geoje 53334, Korea
| | - Jong-Won Park
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Geoje 53334, Korea
| | - Choul-Ji Park
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Geoje 53334, Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Geoje 53334, Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Geoje 53334, Korea
| | - Dain Lee
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Geoje 53334, Korea
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Seo H, Kil EJ, Fadhila C, Vo TTB, Auh CK, Lee TK, Lee S. Rapid diagnosis of two marine viruses, red sea bream iridovirus and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus by PCR combined with lateral flow assay. Virusdisease 2020; 31:251-6. [PMID: 32904820 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-020-00577-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) and Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) are the most important viral marine pathogens in South Korea because RSIV and VHSV infect and cause high mortality rates in major fish species such as Paralichthys olivaceus and Sebastes schlegelii. These viruses can be transmitted both vertically and horizontally, and early diagnosis is imperative. In this research, RSIV and VHSV viral genomes are detected by PCR-lateral flow assay (LFA). PCR-LFA is sensitive, capable of detecting a viral genome at a concentration of 2-200 fg/µL. Development of this detection method is very meaningful because LFA is simple, requiring a minimum of personnel training to perform. Additionally, LFA requires less time than other detection methods and can be an immediate detection tool that is indispensable in preventing rapid viral spread.
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Kim KH, Kim HC, Park CJ, Park JW, Lee YM, Kim WJ. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Expression in the Olive Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus) against Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) Challenge. Dev Reprod 2019; 23:231-238. [PMID: 31660450 PMCID: PMC6812972 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2019.23.3.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is an inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the inflammatory response through the activation of neutrophil cells. The expression of IL-8 was investigated in early developmental stages of the olive flounder and in tissues of 8-month-old individuals. The expression of IL-8 increased after the initiation of the immune system rather than at the early stage of development, and high expression was observed in the gills and spleen, the organs associated with immunity and metabolism. In addition, IL-8 expression after infection by viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus significantly increased in the fin, gill, muscles, and spleen. These results suggest that IL-8 is closely related to inflammation and immune regulation in the immune response of the olive flounder and may be used as a basis for studies on the immune systems of other fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hee Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Korea
| | - Choul-Ji Park
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Korea
| | - Jong-Won Park
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Korea
| | - Young Mee Lee
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Korea
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Cho SY, Protzman RA, Kim YO, Vaidya B, Oh MJ, Kwon J, Kim D. Elucidation of mechanism for host response to VHSV infection at varying temperatures in vitro and in vivo through proteomic analysis. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 88:244-253. [PMID: 30802632 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal temperature has a major influence on the infectivity of pathogens and the host immune system. Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is one such pathogen that only causes the mortality of fish at low temperatures. This study aims to discover the host defense mechanism and pathway for resistance to VHSV at higher temperatures. We first observed the VHSV infection patterns at low and higher temperatures in fathead minnow (FHM) cells (20 °C and 28 °C) and zebrafish (15 °C and 25 °C). In comparison to the 20 °C infection, FHM cells infected at 28 °C showed decreased apoptosis, increased cell viability, and reduced VHSV N gene expression. In zebrafish, infection at 25 °C caused no mortality and significantly reduced the N gene copy number in comparison to infection at 15 °C. To explore the antiviral infection mechanisms induced by high temperature in vitro and in vivo, the changes in the proteomic profile were measured through UPLC-MSE analysis. ACADL, PTPN6, TLR1, F7, A2M, and GLI2 were selected as high temperature-specific biomarkers in the FHM cell proteome; and MYH9, HPX, ANTXR1, APOA1, HBZ, and MYH7 were selected in zebrafish. Increased immune response, anticoagulation effects, and the formation of lymphocytes from hematopoietic stem cells were analyzed as functions that were commonly induced by high temperature in vitro and in vivo. Among these biomarkers, GLI2 was predicted as an upstream regulator. When treated with GANT58, a GLI-specific inhibitor, cell viability was further reduced due to GLI2 inhibition during VHSV infection at varying temperatures in FHM cells, and the mortality in zebrafish was induced earlier at the low temperature. Overall, this study discovered a new mechanism for VHSV infection in vitro and in vivo that is regulated by GLI2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Young Cho
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Rachael A Protzman
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology and Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong O Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology and Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Bipin Vaidya
- Department of Food Science and Technology and Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Joo Oh
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, College of Fisheries and Ocean Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Kwon
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea.
| | - Duwoon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology and Foodborne Virus Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Kim KH, Kim WJ, Park CJ, Park JW, Noh GE, Lee S, Lee YM, Kim HC. Analysis of Manifestation of CC and CXC Chemokine Genes in Olive Flounders ( Paralichthys olivaceus) Artificially Infected with VHSV during the Early Developmental Stage. Dev Reprod 2018; 22:341-350. [PMID: 30680333 PMCID: PMC6344357 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2018.22.4.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines is a small protein that plays a major role in inflammatory reactions
and viral infections as a chemotactic factor of cytokines involved in innate
immunity. Most of the chemokines belong to the chemokine groups CC and CXC. To
investigate the immune system of the olive flounder (Paralichthys
olivaceus), an expression pattern specifically induced in the early
developmental stages of analysis is examined using qRT-PCR. We also examined
tissue-specific expression of both CC and CXC chemokine in healthy olive
flounder samples. CC and CXC chemokine shows increased expression after
immune-related organs are formed compared to expression during early
development. CC chemokine was more highly expressed in the fin, but CXC
chemokine showed higher expression in the gills, spleen, intestines, and
stomach. Spatial and temporal expression analysis of CC and CXC chemokine were
performed following viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection. CC
chemokine showed high expression in the gills, which are respiratory organs,
whereas CXC chemokine was more highly expressed in the kidneys, an
immune-related organ. These results suggest that CC and CXC chemokine play an
important role in the immune response of the olive flounder, and may be used as
basic data for the immunological activity and gene analysis of it as well as
other fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hee Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geojesi 53334, Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geojesi 53334, Korea
| | - Choul-Ji Park
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geojesi 53334, Korea
| | - Jong-Won Park
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geojesi 53334, Korea
| | - Gyeong Eon Noh
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geojesi 53334, Korea
| | - Seunghyung Lee
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geojesi 53334, Korea
| | - Young Mee Lee
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geojesi 53334, Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geojesi 53334, Korea
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Lee JS, Kim J, Im SP, Kim SW, Jung JW, Lazarte JMS, Lee JH, Thompson KD, Jung TS. Expression and characterization of monomeric variable lymphocyte receptor B specific to the glycoprotein of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). J Immunol Methods 2018; 462:48-53. [PMID: 30121197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Monomeric variable lymphocyte receptor B (VLRB) is one of the smallest binding scaffold (20-25 kDa) from jawless vertebrates, hagfish and lamprey. This relatively new class of binding scaffold has various advantages: i) it has a single peptide composition, amenable to molecular engineering for enhancing its stability and affinity; ii) it has a small size, contributing better tissue penetration and easier production using microorganism expression system. Monomeric arVLRB142, which can specifically bind to the glycoprotein of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), was expressed in Pichia pastoris. High quantity recombinant monomeric arVLRB142 (rVLR142mono) was purified from 100 ml of culture with a resulting yield of 2.6 ±1.3 mg of target protein. Functional studies revealed that the purified rVLR142mono can specifically recognize low levels of the target antigen (recombinant glycoprotein) (i.e. as low as 0.1 nM), but also the native glycoprotein of VHSV. The expressed rVLR142mono exhibited high levels of stability and it retained it binding capacity over broad temperature (4 °C ~ 60 °C) and pH ranges (pH 1.5-12.5). We developed an effective expression system for mass production of monomeric VLRB based on P. pastoris. The recombinant protein that was obtained offers promising binding avidity and biophysical stability and its potential use in various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Seok Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwadong, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
| | - Jaesung Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwadong, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
| | - Se Pyeong Im
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwadong, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
| | - Si Won Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwadong, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
| | - Jae Wook Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwadong, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
| | - Jassy Mary S Lazarte
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwadong, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Lee
- NIFS, Inland Aquaculture Research Center, Changwon 645-806, South Korea
| | - Kim D Thompson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Tae Sung Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwadong, Jinju 660-701, South Korea.
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Jeong JM, Jeswin J, Bae JS, Park CI. Differential expression of olive flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus) transcriptome during viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection at warmer and colder temperature. Data Brief 2018; 19:2023-2028. [PMID: 30229076 PMCID: PMC6141370 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The data presented here are related to the research article entitled “Temperature-dependent immune response of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) infected with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV)” [1]. In the cited article, we sequenced the whole transcriptome of the olive flounder using Illumina RNA-Seq. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) analysis of VHSV infected head kidney samples showed perturbations in gene expression. Herein we made a comparison of DEGs at early stage of VHSV infection of olive flounder (4 h post infection) in colder (13 °C) and warmer (20 °C) temperatures. The analysis of signaling pathways showed that several major immune pathways were altered. The gene ontology terms associated with the genes differentially expressed are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Min Jeong
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Jeswin
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sol Bae
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong 650-160, Republic of Korea
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Lee JS, Kim J, Im SP, Kim SW, Lazarte JMS, Jung JW, Gong TW, Kim YR, Lee JH, Kim HJ, Jung TS. Generation and characterization of hagfish variable lymphocyte receptor B against glycoprotein of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). Mol Immunol 2018; 99:30-38. [PMID: 29679865 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Variable lymphocyte receptors B (VLRBs) are non-immunoglobulin components of the humoral immune system in jawless vertebrates including hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri) and lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Hagfish VLRBs consist of leucine rich repeat (LRR) modules with a superhydrophobic C-terminal tail, the latter of which leads to extremely low expression levels in recombinant protein technology. Here, we present an artificially oligomerized VLRB (arVLRB) that conjugates via the C4bp oligomerization domain derived from human C4b-binding protein (hC4bp) rather than the superhydrophobic tail. The resulting arVLRB had a tightly multimerized form with seven monomeric VLRB arms and showed high expression and secretion levels in a mammalian expression system. To isolate antigen-specific arVLRB, we constructed large VLRB libraries from hagfish immunized with the fish pathogen, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). The selected arVLRBs were found to recognize various types of antigens, including the recombinant target protein, purified viruses, and progeny viruses, with high antigen binding abilities and specificities. We also performed in vitro affinity maturation of the arVLRBs through LRRCT mutagenesis, and found that this enhanced their antigen-binding properties by at least 125-fold. Our epitope mapping analysis revealed that 37DWDTPL42, which is located in a region conserved among the glycoproteins of all VHSV isolates, is the recognition epitope of the arVLRBs. Thus, our newly developed arVLRB could prove useful in the development of universal diagnostic tools and/or therapeutic agents for the virus. Together, our novel findings provide valuable insights into hagfish VLRB and its potential use as a novel alternative to conventional antibodies for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Seok Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Jaesung Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Se Pyeong Im
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Si Won Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Jassy Mary S Lazarte
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Jae Wook Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Tae Won Gong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Young Rim Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lee
- Inland Aquaculture Research Center, NIFS, Changwon, 645-806, South Korea
| | - Hyoung Jun Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Quarantine, General Service Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan 49111, South Korea
| | - Tae Sung Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea.
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Soleto I, Abós B, Castro R, González L, Tafalla C, Granja AG. The BAFF / APRIL axis plays an important role in virus-induced peritoneal responses in rainbow trout. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2017; 64:210-217. [PMID: 28302579 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
IgM+ B cells have been recently demonstrated to be key regulators of peritoneal inflammation in teleost, as a large number of them occupy the peritoneal cavity after 48 h of antigenic stimulation. Despite this, the number of studies addressing the mechanism through which this cell population expands and differentiates in response to stimuli has been scarcely addressed. Because the BAFF/APRIL axis is known to play a major role in B cell survival and differentiation in mammals, we hypothesized that it could be affected in the peritoneal cavity in response to an inflammatory stimulus. To verify this hypothesis, we studied how BAFF, APRIL and the fish-specific related cytokine BALM as well as their putative receptors are regulated in rainbow trout after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). When the transcriptional analysis was performed in total cells from the peritoneum, we observed that VHSV provoked an up-regulation of both BAFF and BAFF receptor (BAFF-R) mRNA levels. However, when we examined how isolated peritoneal IgM+ B cells were transcriptionally affected by VHSV i.p. injection, we found that APRIL, BALM and the transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) were also up-regulated in response to the virus. IgM- cells, on the other hand, only up-regulated BALM transcription in response to VHSV. Finally, to gain further insight on the role that these cytokines play in the peritoneum, we have studied their effect on the survival of peritoneal IgM+ B cells. This work demonstrates a key role for the BAFF/APRIL axis in the peritoneal inflammatory response and contributes to further understanding how IgM+ B cells are regulated at this specific peripheral site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Soleto
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Abós
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia González
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Aitor G Granja
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Castro R, Abós B, González L, Granja AG, Tafalla C. Expansion and differentiation of IgM + B cells in the rainbow trout peritoneal cavity in response to different antigens. Dev Comp Immunol 2017; 70:119-127. [PMID: 28088353 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
To date, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection seems to be the most effective vaccination route in aquaculture, as many i.p. administered fish vaccines are capable of conferring strong and long-lasting immune responses. Despite this, how peritoneal leukocytes are regulated upon antigen encounter has only been scarcely studied in fish. Although, in the past, myeloid cells were thought to be the main responders to peritoneal inflammation, a recent study revealed that IgM+ B cells are one of the main cell types in the teleost peritoneal cavity in response to pathogenic bacteria. Thus, in the current work, we have focused on establishing how IgM+ B cells are recruited into the peritoneum in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) comparing different antigens: Escherichia coli as a bacterial model, E. coli-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). In addition to studying their capacity to dominate the peritoneal cavity, we have established how these IgM+ B cells are regulated in response to the different antigens, determining their levels of IgM secretion, surface MHC II expression, cell size and phagocytic abilities. Our results reveal that IgM+ B cells are one of the main cell types amplified in the peritoneum in response to either bacterial or viral antigens and that these immunogenic stimulations provoke a differentiation of some of these cells towards plasmablasts/plasma cells whereas others seem to be implicated in antigen presentation. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the immune processes that regulate peritoneal inflammation in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Abós
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia González
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aitor G Granja
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain.
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Castro R, Abós B, González L, Aquilino C, Pignatelli J, Tafalla C. Molecular characterization of CD9 and CD63, two tetraspanin family members expressed in trout B lymphocytes. Dev Comp Immunol 2015; 51:116-125. [PMID: 25769915 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tetraspanins are a family of membrane-organizing proteins, characterized by the presence of four highly conserved transmembrane regions that mediate diverse physiological functions. In the current study, we have identified two novel tetraspanin members in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), homologs to mammalian CD9 and CD63. Both genes were expressed in muscle, skin, gills, hindgut, gonad, liver, spleen, head kidney, thymus and peripheral blood leukocytes. Throughout the early life cycle stages, CD9 mRNA levels significantly increased after first feeding, whereas CD63 transcription remained constant during all the developmental stages analyzed. In response to an experimental bath infection with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), CD9 transcription was down-regulated in the gills, while CD63 mRNA levels were down-regulated in the head kidney. Instead, when the virus was intraperitoneally injected, the transcription of both genes was significantly up-regulated in peritoneal cells at several days post-infection. Additionally, both genes were transcriptionally up-regulated in the muscle of trout injected with a VHSV DNA vaccine. To gain insight on the relation of these tetraspanins with B cell activity we determined their constitutive expression in naive IgM(+) populations from different sources and observed that both molecules were being transcribed by IgM(+) cells in different tissues. Furthermore, CD9 transcription was significantly down-regulated in splenic IgM(+) cells in response to in vitro VHSV exposure. Our results provide insights on the potential role of these tetraspanins on teleost B cell and antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Abós
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia González
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Aquilino
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Pignatelli
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain.
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Bela-ong DB, Schyth BD, Zou J, Secombes CJ, Lorenzen N. Involvement of two microRNAs in the early immune response to DNA vaccination against a fish rhabdovirus. Vaccine 2015; 33:3215-22. [PMID: 25957662 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms that account for the high protective efficacy in teleost fish of a DNA vaccine expressing the glycoprotein (G) of Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) are thought to involve early innate immune responses mediated by interferons (IFNs). Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are a diverse class of small (18-22 nucleotides) endogenous RNAs that potently mediate post-transcriptional silencing of a wide range of genes and are emerging as critical regulators of cellular processes, including immune responses. We have recently reported that miR-462 and miR-731 were strongly induced in rainbow trout infected with VHSV. In this study, we analyzed the expression of these miRNAs in fish following administration of the DNA vaccine and their potential functions. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed the increased levels of miR-462, and miR-731 in the skeletal muscle tissue at the site of vaccine administration and in the liver of vaccinated fish relative to empty plasmid backbone-injected controls. The increased expression of these miRNAs in the skeletal muscle correlated with the increased levels of the type I interferon (IFN)-inducible gene Mx, type I IFN and IFN-γ genes at the vaccination site. Intramuscular injection of fish with either type I IFN or IFN-γ plasmid construct resulted in the upregulation of miR-462 and miR-731 at the site of injection, suggesting that the induction of these miRNAs is elicited by IFNs. To analyze the function of miR-462 and miR-731, specific silencing of these miRNAs using anti-miRNA oligonucleotides was conducted in poly I:C-treated rainbow trout fingerlings. Following VHSV challenge, anti-miRNA-injected fish had faster development of disease and higher mortalities than control fish, indicating that miR-462/731 may be involved in IFN-mediated protection conferred by poly I:C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Berbulla Bela-ong
- Fish Health Section, Department of Animal Science, University of Aarhus, Hangøvej 2, DK-8200 Århus N, Denmark; Section for Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bulowsvej 27, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Brian Dall Schyth
- Section for Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bulowsvej 27, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jun Zou
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Niels Lorenzen
- Fish Health Section, Department of Animal Science, University of Aarhus, Hangøvej 2, DK-8200 Århus N, Denmark.
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Luque A, González Granja A, González L, Tafalla C. Establishment and characterization of a rainbow trout heart endothelial cell line with susceptibility to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2014; 38:255-264. [PMID: 24698994 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the current work, we have established and characterized a novel cell line from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The cell line, designated as RTH (rainbow trout heart), was obtained by immortalizing heart cells with recombinant retroviruses that transduced polyoma middle T antigen. This is the first time such a strategy is used to obtain an immortalized fish cell line. The cells showed an endothelial-like morphology and characteristics, constitutively transcribing collagen, selectin and VCAM (vascular cell adhesion molecule), as well as different chemokines and chemokine receptors, but not cytokeratin. As already described for heart endothelial cells, RTH cells actively phagocytized latex beads. Furthermore, RTH cells showed a high susceptibility to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). VHSV modulated the transcription of Mx, major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II), VCAM and many of the chemokine and chemokine receptors expressed in these cells. Therefore, RTH cells constitute an excellent model to study the immune regulation of endothelial cells in fish and their role in leukocyte extravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Luque
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lucia González
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain.
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Aquilino C, Castro R, Fischer U, Tafalla C. Transcriptomic responses in rainbow trout gills upon infection with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). Dev Comp Immunol 2014; 44:12-20. [PMID: 24269609 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been previously demonstrated that even though the fin bases constitute the main portal of entry of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), an important number of chemokine genes are up-regulated in the gills upon bath exposure to the virus. Because chemokines mediate the recruitment of leukocytes through the action of specific chemokine receptors, in the current study, we have studied the transcription of several immune genes in response to a VHSV bath infection in the gills, focusing both on chemokine receptor genes and on genes characteristic of distinct leukocyte populations such as IgM, IgD, IgT, CD4, CD8, perforin and MHC-II. We have studied the response to the virus in naïve fish as well as in fish that had been previously intramuscularly (i.m.) injected with a VHSV DNA vaccine. Additionally, we have sorted both IgM(+) and CD8(+) cells from the gills of naïve and infected animals to study some of these up-regulated genes in specific leukocyte populations. Our results indicate that despite the low replication level, VHSV provokes an up-regulation of IgM, IgT, CD3 and perforin transcription together with the up-regulation of CCR7, CCR9, CXCR3B and CXCR4 mRNA levels. Interestingly, MHC-II mRNA was up-regulated and CCR7 was down-modulated in IgM(+) cells from infected gills, whereas perforin, CCR7 and CXCR4 mRNA levels were higher in sorted CD8(+) cells from infected animals. Surprisingly, when fish had been previously injected with either the empty plasmid or the VHSV DNA vaccine, these up-regulations in immune gene transcription were no longer observed. Our results point to the gills as an important site for innate and acquired viral defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Aquilino
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos (Madrid), Spain; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Rosario Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos (Madrid), Spain; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Uwe Fischer
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos (Madrid), Spain; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos (Madrid), Spain; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
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